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Introduction to Information Systems, 6th Edition Instructor’s Manual
Chapter Outline
Learning Objectives
1. Identify advantages and disadvantages of each of the four main types of wireless transmission media.
2. Explain how businesses can use technology employed by short- range, medium-range, and long-
range networks, respectively.
3. Provide a specific example of how each of the five major m-commerce applications can benefit a
business.
4. Describe the Internet of Things and provide examples of how businesses can utilize each one.
5. Explain how the four major threats to wireless networks can damage a business.
Wireless communications have become so ubiquitous, most students seldom think about it or the
implications. So they will, hopefully, not need to be told, “What’s in it for me?” Just about every student
has a personal computer with some type of Internet connection. Most of them also have a smartphones, so
they will also probably use some mobile applications other than just simple phone usage.
One of the first things they need to understand is the difference between wireless and mobile
communications. Explain why the term, mobile, refers to something that changes its location over time.
Also explain that wireless networks can be both mobile (Internet over cell phones) or fixed (WiFi).
I suggest starting the class by having students comparing the mobile applications they use. Then ask
them if there are any apps that they feel might not s well on a mobile device.
Then focus the discussion on location-based commerce. Ask them to think about what it might mean for
a businesses if they had access to their real-time location information. In other words, how would a
business have to transform them selves to satisfy a consumer demand for mobile applications? Then, lead
into a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of mobile computing.
Given the privacy discussions that were taking place during 2013, start a discussion on privacy rights
associated with mobile computing, especially RFID. Some students will express that the government and
employers (and their parents) have no right to monitor their movements and location. This usually will
lead to a interesting class discussion. I sometimes will break the class into different groups and assign
them different perspectives. One point of view would be from the employer. I ask the students if you were
an employer of mobile workers (such as service technicians), would you want to pay for an employee to
run personal errands while on the job? The other perspective would be the employee’s. Should it be all
right to use company time and equipment to stop at the dry cleaners while on the job? When having this
discussion with students; try to remain impartial, at least at first. By remaining impartial it helps students
to complete their thoughts on the benefits and drawbacks of mobile computing and related privacy
concerns.
BlackBoard/CMS
If your students are not using it already, have them download BlackBoard’s mobile application or the one
for the CMS you are using. (That is if there is one available.) Have them discuss the differences between
using the mobile app and accessing the browser-based version of BlackBoard or the CMS you are using.
I normally find a recent news article about mobile phone tracking and privacy to start an online
discussion.
Opening Case: Republic Wireless and Freedom-Pop Could Disrupt the Wireless Industry
1. Describe how Republic Wireless and FreedomPop can be disruptive to the major U.S. cellular service
providers.
ANSWER
Republic Wireless offers unlimited calls and text for $5 per month and unlimited data for an
additional $25. Their model is to use the customer’s WiFI connection for service. for service away
from the customer’s home, Republic rents capacity from Sprint for their customers to use.
FreedomPop sells refurbished phones with not contract. It gives away 500 megs of 4G of data per
month, plus unlimited texting and 200 anytime minutes, as well as unlimited calls to other
FreedomPop phones.
Both of these business models are contrary to those of the major cellular carries in the U.S.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.2 /Learning Objective 2
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Analytic
2. What actions should the major cellular service providers take to combat Republic and FreedomPop’s
business models?
ANSWER
- Provide non-contract phones. (during the summer and fall of 2105, some of the major carriers
announced that they would being selling non-contract phones.)
- Let customers use Voice-Over-IP via the customer’s own WiFi connect, when then they are at
home.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.2 /Learning Objective 2
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Analytic
IT’s About Business: 8.1 Skybox Imaging Provides Commercial Images from Earth’s Orbit
1. Describe other possible applications of Skybox Imaging (not mentioned in the case).
ANSWER
Examples could include…
- extent of damage and direction of movement of a forest fire
- water stored in area lakes
- locating lost vehicles, aircraft, and if the resolution is fine enough, people
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.1 /Learning Objective 1
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Analytic
2. Why might the U.S. government object to Skybox Imaging’s business? Provide specific examples in
your answer.
ANSWER
The U.S. government might object to SkyBox’s business because the images could potentially be
used to spy on secret U.S. government facilities, allied troop movements overseas, etc…
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.1 /Learning Objective 1
Bloom’s Category: Application
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
3. Might other nations object to Skybox Imaging’s business? If so, which ones, and why?
ANSWER
Other governments might object for similar reasons as the U.S. government, especially governments
who are not allies of the U.S.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.1 /Learning Objective 1
Bloom’s Category: Application
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
ANSWER
Urthecast could work with promoters of outdoor concerts or “destination” events to obtain satellite
pictures.
College and professional teams wanting satellite images of the stadiums or events. Possibly the
marching band doing the halftime show.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.1 /Learning Objective 1
IT’s About Business: 8.2 A Wi-Fi Network Provides Communications at the 2014 Winter Olympic
Games
1. Describe why wireless communications were critical to the success of the 2014 Winter Olympic
Games. Provide specific examples to support your answer.
ANSWER
- the people involved with or attending the games would have with them an unprecedented number
of wireless devices.
- there was the need to combine the cable TV network with the data network.
- wireless communications made it easier to deploy full Internet access across 11 competition venues
and 3 Olympic villages, plus multiple media, celebration, and data centers.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.2 /Learning Objective 2
Bloom’s Category: Comprehension
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
2. What other potential problems did Avaya have to consider that were not mentioned in this case?
Provide specific examples to support your answer.
ANSWER
- Useable and stable electrical power
- Back up/emergency power (UPS and generators)
- Cooling (AC) for its equipment and data centers
- Transportation for personnel around and between venues
- Living accommodations, especially during the 18-months prior to the start of the games.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8. /Learning Objective
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Analytic
ANSWER
Other possible applications might include…
- Automatically taking attendance of students who enter a classroom.
- Checking out books from a library where the user is a member
- Access security (combining it with other features, of course)
- Unlocking car doors and starting a car without the use of a key or key fob.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Analytic
2. Other than privacy concerns, what are other possible disadvantages of the iBeacon app? Provide
specific examples to support your answer.
ANSWER
Other potential privacy concerns might include…
- with the right equipment, a hacker might be able to access information on your phone
- hacker tracking your location
- a store storing and sharing your personal shopping habits and tracking information.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Analytic
1. Describe the advantages and the disadvantages of the iPad mobile app for patients. Do the same for
medical carts and medical kiosks.
ANSWER
Advantages of iPad mobile app for patients
- Speeds check-in
- Doctors have access to all the patient’s records
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Analytic
2. Describe the advantages and the disadvantages of the iPad mobile app for Miami Children’s Hospital.
Do the same for medical carts and medical kiosks.
ANSWER
Advantages of iPad mobile app for MCH
- Speed of patient check in
- Sourcing of the entry of patient information to the patient themselves
- Elimination of paper patient records
- Enables MCH staff access to the most current information on each patient
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Analytic
ANSWER
The use of RFID can increase customer satisfaction by enabling the business to better track inventory,
enabling them to have a higher level of inventory control. Customers also have access to detailed
information about the products. If the RFID system is linked to the store’s POS system, it will speed
customer checkout.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.4 /Learning Objective 4
Bloom’s Category: Comprehension
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
2. What are potential disadvantages to implementing RFID technology in a retailer such as Marks &
Spencer?
ANSWER
Potential disadvantages include…
- buy-in by suppliers to use/attack the tags to their products
- RFID tag design consistency problems as other retailers adopt the technology.
- Students should be asked to suggest others.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.4 /Learning Objective 4
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Analytic
3. Why did Marks & Spencer initially deploy RFID technology on a limited basis? In your opinion, was
this the correct strategy? Why or why not? Be specific.
ANSWER
They initially deployed RFID on a limited basis to see how well it worked in one area of their
operation.
Have your students express their individual opinion if this was the correct approach.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.4 /Learning Objective 4
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Analytic
Section 8.1 …
ANSWER
• Pagers – one way wireless devices
• PDA – personal digital assistant, a small handheld wireless device.
• GPS – global position system, a satellite-based tracking system that enables the determination of
a GPS device’s location.
• Smartphone – Internet-enabled cell phones that can support mobile applications.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.1 /Learning Objective 1
Bloom’s Category: Knowledge
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
ANSWER
Microwave, satellite and infrared are line of sight methods while radio signals travel through the air
and can pass through walls.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.1 /Learning Objective 1
Bloom’s Category: Knowledge
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
Section 8.2 …
ANSWER
• Bluetooth is a device used to create small wireless radio-based personal networks for up to 8
devices within 10 meters on low power.
• Wireless local area networks are local area networks without the cables used to transmit and
receive data via radio waves.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.2 /Learning Objective 2
Bloom’s Category: Knowledge
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
ANSWER
Wireless Fidelity - known as Wi-Fi.
802.11a transmits up to 54 Mbps within 10-30 meters
802.11b transmits up to 11 Mbps within 30-50
802.11g transmits up to 54 Mbps and is compatible with 802.11b
Major benefits are low cost and the ability to provide simple Internet access.
Cellular services - communicate with radio antenna placed within adjacent areas called cells. It uses
digital signals and can transmit voice and data up to 384 Kbps when device is used while walking,
128 Kbps while in a car, and up to 2Mbps when device is in a fixed location.
WiMax - worldwide interoperability for microwave access has a range of up to 31 miles compared to
300 feet for Wi-Fi and 30 feet for Bluetooth. It has a transfer rate of 75 Mbps.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.2 /Learning Objective 2
Bloom’s Category: Comprehension
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
Section 8.3 …
ANSWER
• Widespread availability of mobile devices
• No need for a PC
• The “Cell Phone Culture”
• Declining Prices
• Bandwidth Improvement
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Comprehension
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
ANSWER
Mobile portals - A customer interaction channel that aggregates content and services for mobile users.
Services include news, sports, e-mail, entertainment, travel information, restaurant and event
information, games, TV and movie listings, community services, and stock trading.
Voice Portals – A Web site with an audio interface. Voice portals are not Web sites in the normal
sense, but rather are phone numbers which connect to a Web site where you can request information
verbally. The system finds the information and then translates it into a computer generated voice
reply. An example is 511, the travel-information line developed by Tellme.com.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Comprehension
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
ANSWER
The services provide a convenient way to transact business regardless of where they are or what time
it is. These services include banking, wireless payments and micro-payments, wireless wallets, bill-
payment services, brokerage services, and money transfers.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Application
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
ANSWER
• There are applications which help owners of rental vehicles, commercial transport and heavy
equipment fleets. They can determine location of the vehicles and control messages which are
sent to and from vehicles.
• Insurance companies use wireless digital cameras to take pictures at accident scenes and transmit
to processing centers.
• Mystery customers who file reports after evaluating locations of a national restaurant franchise
use hand-held devices to file reports.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Analytic
Section 8.4 …
ANSWER
The “Internet of Things” is invisible “everywhere computing” that are embedded in the objects
around us, including the floor, lights, cars, the washing machine, cell phones, our clothes, etc.
RFID is the technology which allows manufacturers to attach tags with antennae and computer chips
on goods and then track their movement through radio signals. This technology was developed to
replace barcodes.
Wireless sensor networks are networks of interconnected, battery-powered, wireless sensors called
motes that are placed into the physical environment. The motes collect data from many points over
an extended space. Each mote contains processing, storage, and radio frequency sensors and
antennae. This technology enables more accurate information to be gathered.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.4 /Learning Objective 4
Bloom’s Category: Comprehension
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
2. Provide two examples (other than those mentioned in this section) of how the Internet of things
benefits organizations (Public sector, private sector, for-profit, or not-for-profit).
ANSWER
- Pet owners can have RFID chips placed inside their pets to help find them when they are lost
- Parents can place RFID tags in their kids cloths or on a bracelet to help locate them if they become
lost
- Universities can place RFID chips placed on student or employee IDs to take attendance or track
employee work hours
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.4 /Learning Objective 4
Bloom’s Category: Application
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
ANSWER
Replace Bar Codes and store additional information that can uniquely identify an item or groups of
items.
Embed in credit cards for security and protection against identity theft.
Embed in ID cards to confirm card identity and validity, and for controlling area access
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.4 /Learning Objective 4
Bloom’s Category: Application
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
Section 8.5 …
ANSWER
The four threats are rogue access points, war driving/walking, eaves dropping and RF jamming.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.5 /Learning Objective 5
Bloom’s Category: Comprehension
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
2. Which of these threats is the most dangerous for a business? Which is the most dangerous for an
individual? Support your answers.
ANSWER
Threats most dangerous for a business are war driving and RF jamming while rogue access points are
most effective with public hotspots and eavesdropping is effective for both business and individual
networks.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.5 /Learning Objective 5
Bloom’s Category: Application
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
Discussion Questions
1. Given that you can lose a cell phone as easily as a wallet, which do you feel is a more secure way of
carrying your personal data? Support your answer.
ANSWER
There are various, including requiring a password/passcode to access information on the device to
encrypting all the data your have stored on your phone. Have your students for their ideas and
opinions.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Application
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
2. If mobile computing is the next wave of technology, would you ever feel comfortable with handing a
waiter or waitress your cell phone to make a payment at a restaurant the way you currently hand over
your credit or debit card? Why or why not?
ANSWER
You probably have a few students who have or are working in a restaurant. Start the discussion by
asking for their opinions. Then open it up to the rest of your class.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Comprehension
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
3. What happens if you lose your NFC-enabled smartphone or it is stolen? How do you protect your
personal information?
ANSWER
It depends on how security you have made your smartphone. Has it been set up to require a
passcode/password to access apps, etc. Ask your students to provide their opinions.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
4. In your opinion, is the mobile (or digital) wallet a good idea? Why or why not?
ANSWER
Ask your students for their opinions.
Level: Easy
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Application
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
ANSWER
In the traditional computing environment, users have to come to a computer in order to utilize its
applications. The need to be linked by wires to computing resources limited their usefulness to
people who must be mobile while on the job. M-commerce is a natural extension of e-business, only
done in a wireless environment. M-commerce serves the needs of an increasingly mobile work force
and consumer population.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Application
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
6. Discuss how mobile computing can solve some of the problems of the digital divide.
ANSWER
With wireless devices becoming cheaper and cheaper, and the individual’s ability to take those
devices to locations where they can connect, often for free, it enables the user who may not have
access to a computer at home, to be able to use the devices to connect to the Internet and to gain the
benefits that otherwise would not be available.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Synthesis
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
7. List three to four major advantages of wireless commerce to consumers and explain what benefits
they provide to consumers.
ANSWER
• Access to expertise: For example, medical service providers in remote locations could
communicate real-time with specialists in other places to provide specialized consultations.
Consumers would benefit due to better access to specialized expertise without the inconvenience
or expense of traveling to a different location for the consultation.
• Access to information: For example, mobile portals provide consumers access to a personalized
set of content and services regardless of location. This enables the consumer to always have
specified information available regardless of location.
• Customized advertising: For example, location-based advertising can deliver information and
coupons to inform consumers about shops, malls, and restaurants close to their current location.
• Access to services: For example, wireless banking enables consumers to carry out various
financial transactions from any location, further eliminating the need to go to a bank or an ATM
machine to carry out needed banking business.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Application
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
8. Discuss the ways in which Wi-Fi is being used to support mobile computing and m-commerce.
Describe the ways in which Wi-Fi is affecting the use of cellular phones for m-commerce.
ANSWER
Wi-Fi is the technical standard underlying most of today’s wireless local area networks (WLANs). A
mobile computing device can connect to the Internet easily from public assess points called hotspots.
Mobile computing and m-commerce applications can be delivered easily in this environment at
adequate communication speeds. Wi-Fi is reducing the need for wireless wide area networks
(WWANs) based on cellular technology.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.2 /Learning Objective 2
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
9. You can use location-based tools to help you find your car or the closest gas station. However, some
people see location-based tools as an invasion of privacy. Discuss the pros and cons of location-based
tools.
ANSWER
The benefits of location-based tools include the ability to request and receive information that is
tailored to your exact location. The concerns about this capability arise from the fact that “someone”
can obtain information about your exact location and movements and could use that information in
illicit ways.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
10. Discuss the benefits of telemetry in health care for the elderly.
ANSWER
The devices that are available for seniors to wear around their neck or wrist are examples of
telemetry. This is valuable for seniors who need emergency assistance after a fall or when there is
some other medical problem.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
11. Discuss how wireless devices can help people with disabilities.
ANSWER
Sensors which assist the disabled with the ability to communicate with their computer and other
household devices are helpful in allowing them to interface with their environment when they
otherwise would not be able to accomplish even basic activities.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.3 /Learning Objective 3
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Reflective Thinking
12. Some experts say that Wi-Fi is winning the battle with 3G cellular service. Others disagree. Discuss
both sides of the argument, and support each one.
ANSWER
Students will discuss this in terms of speed, distance and cost and why one of these is preferred over
the other.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.2 /Learning Objective 2
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Analytic
13. Which of the applications of the Internet of Things do you think are likely to gain the greatest market
acceptance over the next few years? Why?
ANSWER
While student answers will vary, it is likely that applications that add convenience without violating
privacy will be the ones to gain market acceptance. For example, an application that provides
information about an object for diagnostic and repair purposes would be useful so that the consumer
could arrange for repair before the product fails.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.4 /Learning Objective 4
Bloom’s Category: Analysis
AACSB Category: Analytic
Problem-Solving Activities
1. Investigate commercial applications of voice portals. Visit several vendors, for example,
MICROSOFT and Nuance.. What capabilities and applications do these vendors offer?
ANSWER
Students will research voice portals and report their findings.
Level: Medium
Section/Learning Objective: Section 8.1 /Learning Objective 1