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Module 21

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19 views3 pages

Module 21

Uploaded by

kat30824
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Education

Region VI-Western Visayas


Jaro National High School
Fajardo Ext., Jaro Iloilo City
Senior High School Department

Student’s Module
Physical Science

Grade Level: 12
Topic: The Photon Theory
Learning Competency: 1. Explain how the photon concept and the fact that the energy of a photon is directly proportional to its
frequency can be used to explain why the red light is used to photographic dark rooms, why we get easily sunburned in ultraviolet
light, and how we see colors. (S11/12PS-IVf-61)
Specific Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. explain how the photon theory of light accounts for atomic spectra;
2. discuss why red light is used in photographic dark rooms;
3. determine why you easily get sunburned in ultraviolet light but not in visible light; and
4. explain how you see colors.

TEACHING FRAME. Excellent student! Today, you are going to learn how the photon concept and the fact that the energy of a
photon is directly proportional to its frequency can be used to explain why the red light is used to photographic dark rooms, why we
get easily sunburned in ultraviolet light, and how we see colors. .Read the information inside the boxes below to continue.

Have you ever wondered how we see colors?

Learn about it!

➢ The Photon Theory of Light


Atoms are composed of electrons, protons,
and neutrons. Inside an atom, electrons are located
at specific energy levels, and they can move to higher
energy level when given a certain amount of energy,
for example through collisions with light.

Light is composed of photons. Based on the photon


theory of light, a photon is a discrete bundle of
electromagnetic energy moving at the speed of light,
has no rest mass but has momentum, and carries
energy. This energy is given to an electron upon their
collision, which causes it to move up to the next
energy level. After about 10−810-8 s, it will go back
to its original level and emit light in the form of
photons.
The emitted light has a certain wavelength that corresponds to different colors. It can be observed as a series of
colored lines with black spaces in between. This is called atomic spectra. Each element has its unique set of spectral
lines.

➢ The Photoelectric Effect


The photoelectric effect refers to the ejection of electrons from a surface of a metal in response to light directed to
the metal.

Albert Einstein proposed that light consisted of individual photons, which interacted with the electrons in the surface
of the metal. For each frequency or color of the incident light, each photon carried energy.
Increasing intensity of light corresponded to increasing incident of photons while the energy of the photons remained
the same. More electrons are ejected upon the increase in incident light. Increasing the frequency of light would
increase the energy of the ejected electrons.
The energy carried by a photon is directly proportional to its frequency. The arrangement of the visible spectrum of
light shows that red color has the least frequency, which means it also has the least energy.
Since photographers use light-sensitive photographic papers, red light would not overexpose and ruin the pictures
during the developing process.

➢ Color Spectra
Colors are not innate to objects. They give off light that appears as
colors. Colors only exist in the human visual system and is determined
by frequencies. When light reaches the eye, it falls into a receptor cell at
the back of the eye or retina and gives signals to the brain, which
interprets the image with colors.
Colors are based on frequencies. Given an ample bright light at
around 400 THz, a person would be able to perceive a dull red.
As the frequency increases, the color gradually changes from red
to violet.

➢ Ultraviolet Radiation
Different colors of light have photons of different energies.
Based on the frequency and wavelength in a visible
light, red has low frequency and long wavelength, which means
that it contains less energy. Blue, on the other hand, has high
frequency and short wavelength, which means it contains more energy. Beyond the visible light, the ultraviolet
light has greater frequency and shorter wavelength, which means it carries greater energy than the visible light. This
explains why we easily get sunburned under the ultraviolet rays of light than under the visible light.

Explore!
Imagine you are looking at a rainbow. You can see the ROYGBIV colors namely red, orange, yellow, green, blue,
indigo, and violet. They are seen under a visible light. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation comes right after violet. How come UV
is invisible to us?

Try it!
Get three (3) different colored pieces of cellophanes (red, blue, and green), one red apple, one green leaf, and a
cotton ball. Place each object behind each cellophane one at a time.
What do you think happens to the color of the object when it passes through colored screens like cellophane?

What do you think?


Infrared and ultraviolet fall outside the visible light. Under certain conditions, can infrared be seen with the naked
eye?

Key Points

✓ The photon theory of light states that a photon is a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy moving at the
speed of light; it has no rest mass but has a momentum and carries energy.
✓ Atomic spectra is the unique set of frequencies emitted by an atom whenever its electron undergoes excitation
and returns to its original energy level.
✓ The frequency of a photon is directly proportional to the energy it carries. The higher the frequency of the
photon, the greater is its energy.
✓ Since red light has the least frequency in the color spectrum of light, it also has the least amount of energy and
can therefore be used in photographic dark rooms because it would have the least effect on a very sensitive
paper film.
✓ Given that ultraviolet has a higher frequency than the visible light, it follows that it would also have greater
energy, which causes us to get easily sunburned under the UV light compared to visible light.
✓ The colors we see depends on the frequency of light that the object absorbs and reflects.

TESTING FRAME. You are doing just fine! Check your understanding by doing the assessment below.
I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following statements is true about atomic spectra?


A. It is an energy given to the electron.
B. It is a series of colored lines with black spaces in between.
C. It is also called photons.
D. It is discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy moving at the speed of light.
2. How is frequency related to the energy an electron carries?
A. Increasing the frequency would increase the energy of the ejected electrons
B. Increasing the frequency would decrease the energy of the ejected electrons
C. Increasing the frequency would not change the energy of the ejected electrons
D. Increasing the frequency would split the energy of the ejected electrons
3. Given the following electromagnetic waves, which order shows an increasing amount of energy carried by the
waves?
A. Visible light, microwave, gamma ray
B. X-ray, gamma ray, radio wave
C. Gamma ray, x-ray, ultraviolet
D. Infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
4. Why cannot other colors be used in a photographic dark room other than red?
A. Red has the lowest frequency compared to the rest of the colors which means it also has least amount of energy
just enough not to damage the film in a photographic dark room.
B. Other colors have the greater frequency compared to red which means they also have greater amount of energy
that can damage the film in a photographic dark room.
C. Red has the highest frequency compared to the rest of the colors which means it also has the least amount of
energy just enough not to damage the film in a photographic dark room.
D. Red has the highest frequency compared to the rest of the colors which means it also has the highest amount of
energy just enough not to damage the film in a photographic dark room.
5. The following explain why we get easily sunburned by ultraviolet light but not under the visible light except ______.
A. Ultraviolet radiation has greater frequency than visible light.
B. Ultraviolet radiation has greater energy than visible light.
C. Ultraviolet has longer wavelengths and greater frequency than visible light.
D. Ultraviolet light has shorter wavelengths and greater frequency than visible light.
6. The following are true about colors except ______________.
A. It is not innate to objects.
B. It only exists in the human visual system.
C. It is innate to objects.
D. It is determined by frequencies.
7. If a given wave has a small range of frequency it would follow that _________________.
A. The wave carries less amount of energy.
B. The wave carries great amount of energy.
C. The wave has no energy.
D. The wave has infinite amount of energy.
8. If a given wave carries large amount of energy it would follow that _________________.
A. The wave has low frequency.
B. The wave has high frequency.
C. The wave has no frequency.
D. The wave has an infinite frequency.
9. Which of the following are true about the relationship between frequency and color in visible light?
I. As the frequency increases, the color gradually changes from red up to violet.
II. As the frequency increases, the color stays the same.
III. As the frequency decreases, the color gradually changes from violet down to red.
IV. As the frequency increases, the color gradually changes from red up to ultraviolet.
A. I & II B. II & III C. I & III D. I, III, & IV

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