Physics

Class 12-Volume 2
70 marks Prepared by Saravanan Kumar

27.11.2024 Note: focus on volume 2 which carries 38 marks

General Instructions
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory. (2) This question paper has five sections:
Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. (3) All the sections are compulsory. (4) Section
A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B
contains fivequestions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each,
Section D contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long

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answer questions of five marks each. (5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been

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provided in one question in Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D

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and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions. (6)

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Use of calculators is not allowed. (7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever

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necessary i. c = 3 x 108 m/s ii. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg iii. mp = 1.7 x10-27 kg iv. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C v. µ0 =
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4π x 10-7 T m 𝑨 −𝟏 vi. h = 6.63 x10-34 J s vii. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 𝑪 𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐 viii. Avogadro’s number =
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6.023 X 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 per gram mole

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1 MARKS (16 X1 = 16 MARKS)

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1. Which of the following phenomena of light results in a mirage?

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a. Refraction of light B. Reflection of light C. Total internal reflection D. Diffraction of light

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2. Calculate the refractive index of the material of an equilateral prism for which the angle of minimum
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deviation is 60°.
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a. √3 b. √3/2 c.½ d. 1/√2

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3.Two lenses of focal lengths 20 cm and - 40cm are held in contact. If an object lies at infinity, image
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formed by the lens combination will be at

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(a) infinity (b) 20cm (c) 40cm (d) 60cm

4. The speed of the yellow light in a certain liquid is 2.4 × 108 m/s. Find the refractive index of the
liquid.
a) 6.25 b) 5.73 c) 1.25 d) 9.73
5.Determine the half angular width of the central maximum, if a wavelength of 1000 nm is observed when
diffraction occurs from a single slit of 2 μm width.
a) 100o b) 30o c) 90o d) 150o
6. What is the polarization angle of a medium of refractive index √3?
a) 60o b) 120o c) 30o d) 90o
7.In Young's experiment distance between 5th dark fringe and 3rd dark fringe is x5-x3 = ______x
a. 2 b. 3 c. ⅔ d. 3/2
8. Ratio of intensities of two waves is 4 : 1 what will the ratio of their amplitudes ?
a. 3:1 b. 4:1 c. 9:1 d. 16: 1
9. Young's double slit experiment, the point where path difference is λ, intensity at that point on screen is
I. What will be intensity at the point where path difference is λ8 ?
a. I b. I/2 c. I/4 d. 0
10. Diffraction patterns occurs due to
a. All bright fringes have same intensities
b. As order of maxima increases, intensity increases
c. As order of maxima increases, intensity decreases
d. None of the above
11. ………………………….is used a filter to reduce ripple
a. Resistor b. Capacitor c. Inductor d. RLC
12. In reverse biased the current conduction is due to
a. Minority charge carrier b. Majority charge carriers c. Both minority and majority d. Only due to
holes
13. If n=4, then what will be the angular momentum?
a. 𝚷/4 b. 2ℎ/𝚷 c. 3h/𝚷 d. 3𝚷/4
14. If the mass numbers are in the ratio of 27: 125, find the ratio of nuclei
a. 2:5 b. 3: 5 d. 4: 5 C: 1:1

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15. Assertion : Density of all the nuclei is same.

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Reason : Radius of nucleus is directly proportional to the cube root of mass number.

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(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.

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(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the Assertion.

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(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
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16. Assertion : The binding energy per nucleon, for nuclei with atomic mass number A > 100, decrease
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with A.
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Reason : The forces are weak for heavier nuclei.

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2 marks ( 5 X 2 = 10)
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17. A platinum surface having work function 5.63 eV is illuminated by a monochromatic source of 1.6 x
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10 15 Hz. What will be the minimum wavelength associated with the ejected electron.
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18 (i)A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths, 4000 Å and 6000 Å, is used to obtain interference
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fringes in a Young’s double-slit experiment. What is the least distance from the central maximum where
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the dark fringe is obtained?

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(ii) In Young’s double-slit experiment using monochromatic light of wavelength λ, the intensities of two
sources are I. What is the intensity of light at a point where path difference between wavefronts is λ/4?
19. Show that the radius of the orbit in hydrogen atom varies as n^2 , where n is the principal quantum
number of the atom
20. i. A plane wavefront approaches a plane surface separating two media. If medium 1 is optically denser
and medium 2 is optically rarer, using Huygens' principle, explain and show how a refracted wavefront is
constructed? Verify Snell's law.
21. State Bohr's Postulate and Critically evaluate it.
3 marks (7 x 3= 21)
Q22. (I) Draw the energy band diagram for P-type semiconductor at (i) T=0K and (ii) room temperature.
(II)In the given diagram considering an ideal diode, in which condition will the bulb glow (a) when the
switch is open (b) when the switch is closed Justify your answer.
 (for V.I. Characteriscs) Explain briefly how (i) barrier potential is formed in p-n
junction diode. (ii) Width of depletion region of the diode is affected when it is (a) forward biased, (b)
reverse biased.
Q23. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation using the quantum picture of radiation. Explain briefly the
three characteristic features observed in photoelectric effect which can be explained by Einstein’s
equation and not by the wave theory of light.
Q24. Draw a plot showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon with mass number A. Write two
important conclusions which you can draw from this plot. Explain with the help of this plot, the release in

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energy in the processes of nuclear fusion and fission.

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Q25. Derive the fringe width using a single slit with conditions of maxima and minma. Write two basic

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features that distinguish the interference pattern from those seen in a coherently illuminated single slit.

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26.The energy level diagram of an element is given. Identify, by doing necessary calculations, which

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transition corresponds to the emission of a spectral line of wavelength 102.7 nm.

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27.i) Define the term ‘mass defect’ of a nucleus. How is it related with its binding energy? (ii) Determine
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the Q-value of the following reaction:

Case Study Based Question:

29. A prism is a portion of a transparent medium bounded by two plane faces inclined to each other at a
suitable angle. A ray of light suffers two refractions on passing through a prism and hence deviates
through a certain angle from its original path. The angle of deviation of a prism is, δ = (μ- 1) A, through
which a ray deviates on passing through a thin prism of small refracting angle A. If μ is refractive index
of the material of the prism, then prism formula is, μ=sin⁡(A+δm)/2 / sin⁡A/2
(i) For which colour, angle of deviation is minimum?
 (a) Red (b) Yellow (c) Violet (d) Blue
(ii) When white light moves through vacuum
(a) all colours have same speed (b) different colours have different speeds
(c) violet has more speed than red (d) red has more speed than violet.
(iii) The deviation through a prism is maximum when angle of incidence is
(a) 45° (b) 70° (c) 90° (d) 60°
(iv) What is the deviation produced by a prism of angle 6°? (Refractive index of the material of the prism
is 1.644).
(a) 3.864° (b): 4.595° (c) 7.259° (d) 1.252°
(v) A ray of light falling at an angle of 50° is refracted through a prism and suffers minimum deviation. If
the angle of prism is 60°, then the angle of minimum deviation is
(a) 45° (b) 75° (c) 50° (d) 40°

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30. Photoelectric effect It is the phenomenon of emission of electrons from a metallic surface when light

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of a suitable frequency is incident on it. The emitted electrons are called photoelectrons. Nearly all metals

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exhibit this effect with ultraviolet light but alkali metals like lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium etc. show

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this effect even with visible light. It is an instantaneous process i.e. photoelectrons are emitted as soon as

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the light is incident on the metal surface. The number of photoelectrons emitted per second is directly
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proportional to the intensity of the incident radiation. The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons
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emitted from a given metal surface is independent of the intensity of the incident light and depends only
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on the frequency of the incident light. For a given metal surface there is a certain minimum value of the
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frequency of the incident light below which emission of photoelectrons does not occur.
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(I) In a photoelectric experiment plate current is plotted against anode potential

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(A) A and B will have same intensities while B and C will have different frequencies
(B) B and C will have different intensities while A and B will have different frequencies
(C) A and B will have different intensities while B and C will have equal frequencies
(D) B and C will have equal intensities while A and B will have same frequencies.
(II) Photoelectrons are emitted when a zinc plate is
(A)Heated (B) hammered (C) Irradiated by ultraviolet light (D) subjected to a high pressure
(III) The threshold frequency for photoelectric effect on sodium corresponds to a wavelength of 500 nm.
Its work function is about
(A) 4x10−19 J (B) 1 J (C) 2x10−19 J (D) 3x10−19 J
(IV) The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from a surface when photons of energy 6 eV
fall on it is 4 eV. The stopping potential is
(A) 2 V (B) 4 V (C) 6 V (D) 10 V
OR
The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a substance is called its (A) work function (B)
kinetic energy (C) stopping potential (D) potential energy

5 Marks (3 x 5 = 15 marks)

31. A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal length 2.0 cm and an eyepiece of focal
length 6.25 cm separated by a distance of 15 cm. How far from the objective should an object be placed in
order to obtain the final image at a) the least distance of distinct vision (25 cm) and b) infinity? What is
the magnifying power of the microscope in each case?
32. A. Two monochromatic rays of light are incident normally on the face AB of an isosceles right angled
prism ABC. The refractive indices of the glass prism for the two rays ‘1’ and ‘2’ are respectively 1.35 and
1.45. Trace the path of these rays entering through the prism

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B. Draw the ray diagram of an astronomical telescope a) when the image is infinity and b) when the
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image is at a near point of the eye. Also write the magnification formula in both cases
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33. A. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image of an object placed on the axis of a convex
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refracting surface, of radius of curvature ‘R’, separating the two media of refractive indices “n1 and ‘n2‘
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(n2 > n1). Use this diagram to deduce the relation n2/v -n1/u = n2-n1/R, where u and v represent
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respectively the distance of the object and the image formed.

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B. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm is placed coaxially in contact with a concave lens of focal length
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20 cm. Determine the power of the combination. Will the system be converging or diverging in nature
Or
a. Derive lens makers formula
b. B. A convex lens made up of glass of refractive index 1.5 is dipped, in turn, (i) a medium of
refractive index 1.6, (ii) a medium of refractive index 1.3. (a) Will it behave as a converging or a
diverging lens in the two cases? (b) How will its focal length change in the two media?