1 Insert Command:-

2 INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] [INTO] tbl_name

3 [(col_name,...)] {VALUES | VALUE} ({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...
4 [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr [, col_name=expr] ... ]
5 (or)
6 INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] [INTO] tbl_name
7 SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT}, ...
8 [ ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr [, col_name=expr] ... ]
9 (or)
10 INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE][INTO] tbl_name
11 [(col_name [, col_name] ...)]
12 (SELECT col_name [, col_name] ... from existing_table_name)
13 [ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE col_name=expr [, col_name=expr] ...]
14
15 -DELAYED:
16 The server puts the row or rows to be inserted into a queue, and the client issuing
the INSERT DELAYED statement can then continue
17 to work on other operations. Records in the queue are added to the table when it is
not used by any other thread.
18
19 -LOW_PRIORITY and HIGH_PRIORITY:
20 In LOW_PRIORITY, execution of INSERT command is delayed until no other clients are
performing read operation on the same table.
21 HIGH_PRIORITY delays low-priority-updates and also causes concurrent inserts not to
be used.
22
23 -IGNORE:
24 Ignores and discards errors caused during INSERT statement and all errors are
treated as warnings instead.
25
26 -ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE:
27 If a duplicate value occurs for Unique / primary key column during insertion, it
will update the new value instead of throwing
28 constraint violation error.
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30
31 Replace Command(can insert a new record as well as can update the existing record):-
32 REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED] [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name,...)] {VALUES | VALUE}
({expr | DEFAULT},...),(...),...
33 (or)
34 REPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED] [INTO] tbl_name SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT}, ...
35 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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36
37 Delete Command:-
38 DELETE [LOW_PRIORITY][IGNORE] FROM table_name
39 [WHERE where_condition]
40 [LIMIT row_count]
41 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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42
43 Truncate Command:-
44 TRUNCATE TABLE <table_name>;
45 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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46
47 Update Command:-
48 UPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] table_name
49 SET col_name1={expr1} [, col_name2={expr2}] ...
50 [WHERE where_condition]
51 [ORDER BY ...] [LIMIT row_count];
52
53 Example-
54 UPDATE HOTEL_ROOM_DETAILS SET ROOM_PRICE = ROOM_PRICE + 1000
55 WHERE HOTEL_ID=1 LIMIT 1;
56
57 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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58 Select Command:-
59 SELECT [ALL|DISTINCT|DISTINCTROW] [HIGH_PRIORITY] [STRAIGHT_JOIN] select_expr [,
select_expr ...]
60 FROM table_references
 61 [WHERE where_condition]
62 [GROUP BY {col_name|expr|position} [ASC|DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]]
63 [HAVING where_condition]
64 [ORDER BY {col_name|expr|position} [ASC|DESC], ...]
65 [LIMIT {[offset_n,] row_count} | {row_count [OFFSET offset_n]}];
66
67 brief descriptions for the options of SELECT clause:
68 -SELECT - Used to retrieve rows from the table.
69 ALL - Used to include all rows retrieved from the table into the result set. By
default, ALL is the selected option when
70 DISTINCT and DISTINCTROW options are not specified
71 DISTINCT/DISTINCTROW - Only distinct rows are retrieved into the result set. If
more than one column is mentioned in the
72 SELECT clause, then distinct operation is applied to combination of the column
values
73 -HIGH_PRIORITY - This option makes the SELECT command to have higher priority over
any other operation that is already occurring
74 on the table
75 -STRAIGHT_JOIN - When more than one table is mentioned in the FROM clause for join
operations, it forces the tables to be used in
76 the same order as it is mentioned, preventing order change for internal optimization
77 -FROM - Used to mention table references from which records are fetched
78 -WHERE - Used to filter records retrieved from the table based on certain condition(s)
79 -GROUP BY - Used to group particular set of records and apply aggregate functions on
them
80 -WITH ROLLUP - Used to perform super aggregation of the GROUP BY result set
81 -HAVING - Filters the GROUP BY result set using condition(s) containing appropriate
aggregate functions
82 -ORDER BY - Used to sort the result set based on values present in particular
column(s)
83 -LIMIT - Restricts the number of rows returned by the SELECT statement
84 -offset_n - Represents the number of records to be skipped for retrieval
85
86 Clauses, if used, must be specified in the following order in SELECT command:
87 SELECT
88 FROM
89 WHERE
90 GROUP BY
91 HAVING
92 ORDER BY
93 LIMIT
94
95 The SELECT command is parsed in the following order:
96 FROM
97 WHERE
98 GROUP BY
99 HAVING
100 SELECT
101 ORDER BY
102 LIMIT
103 At each step of parsing, the result set obtained from previous step is given as
input to the next step for parsing
104 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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105 View:-
106 CREATE [OR REPLACE] VIEW view_name [(col list)]
107 AS select_command
108 [WITH CHECK OPTION]
109 -REPLACE: This option, if used, drops an existing view with the same name and
creates a new view
110 -WITH CHECK OPTION: This option ensures that any updates made to the table through
the view are in accordance to the WHERE
111 condition provided in the SELECT command during view creation.
112
113 Note-
114 -The SELECT command in the view statement cannot have a sub query
115 -VIEWS created using aggregated columns cannot be updated and also for updating any
view there should be a one to one relationship
116 between the records of the view and the base table
117 -ALTER VIEW is used to alter a view definition and DROP VIEW is used for deleting a
view
118 -VIEWs are accessible as long as the base table(s) used for creating the view are
available
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