Introduction

Since the introduction of the vehicle as a form of transportation, it has become an

integral part of our everyday life. However, vehicle-related traffic accidents have
grown globally. Even with the best efforts of government and non-government
organizations to remedy these issues, accidents will occur. If the information
about the accident had been disclosed on time, lives may have been spared.
According to a survey of the literature, there is no published research or patented
equipment in Asian nations that automatically alerts the police and rescue team
in the event of an accident. This research project created a gadget that
automatically alerts the Philippine National Police (PNP) office whenever an
accident occurs. The gadget is made up of several sensors such as ultrasonic and
vibration, as well as modules such as the Global System for Mobile
Communication (GSM) and the Global Positioning System (GPS).
The sensors detect objects and vibration and use a decision matrix to determine
whether or not there has been an accident. If the gadget detects an accident, it
will automatically obtain the vehicle's GPS location using the GPS module and
send a notification message to the nearest PNP office by SMS using the GSM
module. This research used the Agile approach to collect data, using an ISO 9126-
based questionnaire and interviews. This study employed a pilot of 45
respondents separated into two groups: 1) Police Officers and 2) Motorcycle
Riders. Overall, the item was rated adequate by respondents in terms of
functionality, use, efficiency, maintainability, and portability. Further
development and deployment of the gadget is strongly encouraged for future
efforts.

Background Work
The Accident Detection and Alert System based on Arduino is sufficient and
worthy of being applied in vehicles, particularly in developing countries such as
Nepal, India, and Bangladesh. Accidents are becoming more common as the
number of cars on the road grows, and as a result, the number of fatalities rises
year after year. The Accident Detection and Alert System with Arduino prevents
undetermined mortality after an accident by sending a message alert to a hospital
or police station. The SMS alert includes longitude and latitude (accident location)
in the form of a Google map link.
Methodology
Due to increasing number of vehicles on roads, accidents are also increasing, and consequently
there have been sharp increase in mortalities caused due to road traffic injury.
Smart Accident Alert System tries to curb accidents. It is accident detection and messaging
system using GPS, vibration sensor and GSM module, in which the vibration sensor is used as an
input to the system and corresponding response is analyzed by Arduino. If an accident occurs
then SMS is send to registered mobile number so that immediate help can be provided.

1.1 System Hardware

Arduino is a prototype platform that can control a wide range of devices. We can create as
many prototypes as we want using Arduino. The Arduino is coupled to the MPU6050, which
continually analyses the vehicle's angular position. If an emergency arises, Arduino
immediately sends an SMS to the program's registered cell phone number requesting
assistance. This is accomplished with the aid of a SIM 900A GSM module, which delivers the
HELP signal messages to specific phone numbers being mentioned on the program. The
message also includes the geographical coordinates, allowing the exact area of the accident
to be determined. Then comes the role of the Neo-6M GPS module, which retrieves the
latitude and longitude coordinates of the vehicle's accident location and send the location
co-ordinates to the Arduino.

Fig 1: Schematic of the accident avoidance System. This System uses arduino UNO, SIM900A,
MPU6050 and NEO 6m to bring alert to the registered mobile numbers.
1.2 Sensor Description

Among the sensors used in the project are the MPU6050 which has embedded gyroscope
and accelerometer in the board, SIM900A GSM module which is most versatile GSM module
using 900/1800MHz frequency band for communication and u-blox based NEO-6M GPS
used for sending location co-ordinates.

1.2.1. MPU 6050

The MPU6050 is a Micro Electro-mechanical System (MEMS) that includes a three-axis

accelerometer and a three-axis gyroscope. It assists us in measuring velocity, direction,
acceleration, displacement, and other motion-related characteristics. MPU6050 is made up
of a Digital Motion Processor (DMP), which is capable of performing sophisticated
computations. The MPU6050 is made up of a 16-bit analogue to digital converter. This
capability allows it to capture three-dimensional motion at the same time.

This module includes several well-known functions that are widely accessible; because of
this, it may be utilised with a well-known microcontroller such as Arduino. This module
interfaces with Arduino using the I2C module. MPU6050 is a less expensive option. Its key
advantage is that it can be readily combined with accelerometers and gyroscopes.

For this project, we are solely using the x-axis of the MPU 6050 to assess the toppling of the
car and identify any accidents.

Fig 2. Schematic and picture of MPU 6050

1.2.2 SIM900A GSM Module

SIM900A GSM Module is the smallest and most affordable GPRS/GSM module.
In most embedded applications, Arduino and microcontroller are used. The
module has GPRS/GSM technology for communicating with a mobile sim card.
It operates on the 900 and 1800MHz frequency bands and allows users to
receive and transmit mobile phone calls and SMS. SIM900A GSM Module is the
smallest and most affordable GPRS/GSM module. In most embedded
applications, Arduino and microcontroller are used. The module has
GPRS/GSM technology for communicating with a mobile sim card. It operates
on the 900 and 1800MHz frequency bands and allows users to receive and
transmit mobile phone calls and SMS.

The Sim900A is utilised in this project to broadcast the HELP message to the
registered cellphone number. This cellphone number is stated in the code
during compilation, and the code is then executed in the Arduino. The Arduino
sends information to SIM900A for transmission, including the receiver and
message body.

Fig 3. (a)Connection diagram of SIM900A with Arduino and (b) Picture of SIM900A module
1.2.2 Neo 6M GPS Module

The u-blox NEO-6M GPS engine in these modules is pretty good, with
exceptional sensitivity for indoor applications. There is also a single MS621FE-
compatible rechargeable battery for backup and an EEPROM for storing setup
settings. The module performs effectively with a DC input voltage ranging from
3.3 to 5 volts.
The NEO-6M module has one programmable UART interface for serial
communication, although the UART (TTL) baud rate is set at 9,600. The GPS
antenna will be different from the usual whip antennas used for linear
polarised communications since the GPS signal is right-hand circular-polarized
(RHCP). The patch antenna is the most common form of antenna. Patch
antennas are flat, with a ceramic and metal body that is fixed on a metal base
plate. They are frequently cast in a housing.
The GPS module is used to fetch the exact location of the accident so that the
co-ordinates could be send via the message.

Fig 4. (a)Connection diagram of Neo 6m with Arduino and (b) Picture of Neo 6M GPS module
Working
In this project, an Arduino is utilised to operate the entire process, which includes
a GPS receiver and a GSM module. The GPS receiver detects the vehicle's location,
and the GSM module sends an alarm SMS with the coordinates and a link to
Google Map. The MPU6050 is used to detect an accident or an abrupt change in
any axis. The GPS Module Neo-6M and the GSM Module SIM900A were utilised.

Fig 4. Flowchart representing the working of the Accident Alert System

When we are ready with our hardware after programming, we can install it in our
vehicle and power it up. When there is an accident, the automobile tilts and the
accelerometer alters the axis readings. These numbers are read by Arduino, which
checks to see whether there is any change in any axis. If a change happens,
Arduino reads coordinates by extracting $GPGGA String from GPS module data
(GPS functioning mentioned before) and sends SMS to a predetermined number
to the police, ambulance, or family member with the accident site coordinates.
The message also includes a Google Map link to the accident site, allowing the
position to be readily traced. When we receive the notification, we just click the
link to be redirected to Google Maps, where we can see the exact location of the
car. Vehicle speed, measured in knots (1.852 KPH), is also sent along with the
google map link.

Results
The data is continuously monitored in the Arduino about the position and angular
inclination of the vehicle which can be seen on the serial monitor. If toppling of
the vehicle is detected then immediately a help message is sent along with the
google map link of the place. As a result, the coordinates vary just slightly; the
starting values of latitude and longitude are the same, but the fractional value
varies somewhat.

Conclusion
Our concept is utilised to identify accidents and automate emergency services. As
a consequence, the system is sending SMS from the accident location to the
nearest Emergency aid service provider. The rising demand for autos has also
increased traffic risks and road accidents. People's lives are at grave danger. This
is due to our country's lack of high-quality emergency services. An automated car
accident alarm system. This design is a system that detects accidents in a
substantially shorter amount of time and transmits the necessary information.
This alarm message is quickly transmitted to the rescue crew, assisting in the
saving of vital lives. When an accident occurs, an alert message is automatically
transmitted to the rescue team and the police station via the GSM module.
Scope and future work
A wireless webcam may be connected to this to capture photos that will aid in
driver assistance. This can be improved further by automatically locking all brakes
in the event of an accident. Most accidents are serious because the drivers lose
control and fail to stop the car. In such instances, the vibration sensor is triggered
by the detected vibrations and is also analysed by the CPU. The CPU must be
coupled to the devices that, when activated, can lock the brakes. With this
enhancement, we can stop the car and reduce the severity of the collision. This
system may also be used in fleet management, food services, traffic infraction
cases, rental car services, and other areas.