Solution

BINOMIAL THEOREM

Class 11 - Mathematics

1.
(d) 1
Explanation:
The pascal's triangle is given by

E
AT
2.
(c) a rational number

IV
Explanation:
We have (a + b)n + (a - b)n
=[ C a + C a b+
n n n n−1 n n−2 2 n n−3 3
+ ..... + n n
+[ n n n n−1 n n−2 2 n n−3 3

R
0 1 C2 a b + C3 a b Cn b ] C0 a − C1 a b + C2 a b − C3 a b

+ ..... + (−1) ⋅ C b ]
n n
n
n

= 2[ C
n n
b + ...]
n n−2 2
SP
0 a + C a 2

–
Let a = √5 and b = 1 and n = 4
– – – 4 – 2 2 – 0 4
Now we get (√5 + 1) + (√5 − 1) = 2 [ 4 4 4 4 4
C0 (√5) + C2 (√5) 1 + C4 (√5) 1 ]

= 2[25 + 30 + 1] = 112

N
ON

IO
3.
(b) a real number
Explanation:
IT

We have (a + b)n + (a - b)n

PI

=[ C a + C a b+
n
0
n n
1
n−1 n
C2 a
n−2
b
2
+
n
C3 a
n−3
b
3
+ ..... + n
Cn b
n
]+[ n
C0 a
n n
− C1 a
n−1
b +
n
C2 a
n−2 2
b - n
C3 a
n−3
b
3
+
.....(−1) ⋅ Cn n n
TU

n b ]

= 2[ C a + C + ....]
AM

n n n n−2 2
0 2a b
–
Let a = and b = i
√3
– – – n – n−2 2 – n−4 4
Now we get (√3 + i) n
+ (√3 − i )
n
= 2[ n n
C0 (√3) + C2 (√3) i + n
C4 (√3) i + ....]
Since i2n
= (-1)n = ±1
– –
Hence we have (√3 + i) n
+ (√3 − i )
n
is always a real number and it will be positive or negative depending on the value of
CH

n is even or odd.

4. (a) x < y
Explanation:
Given x = 9950 + 10050 and y = (101)50
Now y = (101)50 = (100 + 1)50 = 50
C0 (100)
50
+
50
C1 (100)
49
+ 50
C2 (100)
48
+ .... + 50
C50 .....(i)
Also (99)50 = (100 - 1)50 = = 50
C0 (100)
50
−
50
C1 (100)
49
+ 50
C2 (100)
48
- .... + 50
C50 ....(ii)
Now subtract equation (ii) from equation (i), we get
(101)50 - (99)50 = 2 [ 50
C1 (100)
49
+
50
C3 (100)
47
+ …]

= 2 [50(100) 49
+
50×49×48

3×2×1
(100)
47
+ …]

= (100) 50
+ 2(
50×49×48

3×2×1
(100)
47
)

⇒ (101)50 - (99)50 > (100)50

⇒ (101)50 > (100)50 + (99)50
⇒ y>x

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 5.
(b) an even positive integer
Explanation:
We have (a + b) n
− (a − b)
n

n
n n n−1 n n−2 2 n n−3 3 n
= [ nC0 a + C1 a b+ C2 a b + C3 a b + ………+ Cn b ]−

n n n n−1 n n−2 2 n n−3 3 n n n

−[ C0 a − C1 a b + C2 a b − C3 a b +. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . + (−1) . Cn b ]

n n−1 n n−3 3
= 2[ C1 a b + C3 a b +. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]
–
Let a = √5 and b = 1 and n = 2n + 1
– –
Now we get (√5 + 1)
2n+1
− (√5 − 1)
2n+1

2n+1
– 2n 2n+1
– 2n−2 3 2n+1
– 2n−4 5
= 2[ C1 (√3) + C3 (√3) 1 + C5 (√3) 1 + …]

n n−1 n−2

E
2n+1 2n+1 2n+1
= 2[ C1 (3) + C3 (3) + C5 (3) +. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ]

=2(a positive integer)

AT
– –
Hence we have (√5 + 1) 2n
− (√5 − 1)
2n+1
is an even positive integer

6.

IV
(d) (n + 1)2n
Explanation:
We have, C0 + 3C1 + 5C2 + ...+ (2n + 1)Cn

R
= (C0 + C1 + C2 + ... + Cn) + 2(C1 + 2C2 + ... + nCn)

= 2n + 2(n . 2n-1) = (n + 1) . 2n
SP
7. (a) 1

N
n(n + 1)
2

Explanation:
Cr n−r+1
We know that ,
ON

IO
=
Cr1 r

Substituting r = 1,2,3,...,n, we obtain

C1 C2 C3 Cn

C0
+ 2 ⋅
C1
+ 3 ⋅
C2
+ ... + n ⋅ Cn−1
= n + (n -1) + (n - 2) + ... + 1= 1

2
n(n + 1) .
IT

8.
PI

(c) (n + 2) . 2n-1
Explanation:
TU

Here, C0 + 2C1 + 3C2 + ...+ (n + 1)Cn

AM

= (C0 + C1 + C2 + ... + Cn) + (C1 + 2C2 + 3C3 + ... + nCn)

= 2n + n . 2n-1 = (n + 2) . 2n-1

9.
CH

(d) 2 n

Explanation:
Here,we know that C0 + C1 + C2 + ... + Cn = 2n

10.
(b) an irrational number
Explanation:
We have (a + b)n + (a - b)n
=[ C a + C a b+ +
n
0
n n
1
n−1 n n
C2 a
n−2
b
2
+
n
C3 a
n−3
b
3
+ .... + n n
Cn b ] +[ n
C0 a
n
−
n
C1 a
n−1
b +
n n−2
C2 a
2
b - n n−3
C3 a
3
b

+ .... + (−1) ⋅ C b ]
n n
n
n

= 2[ C a + C a b + ....]
n
0
n n
2
n−2 2

–
Let a = √3 and b = 1 and n = 2n + 1
– – – 2n+1 – 2n−1 2 – 2n−3 4
Now we get (√3 + 1) + (√3 − 1)
2n+1 2n+1
= 2[ 2n+1
C0 (√3) +
2n+1
C2 (√3) 1 + 2n+1
C4 (√3) 1 + ....]
– – –
Since there are odd powers of √3 we have (√3 + 1)
2n+1
+ (√3 − 1)
2n+1
is always an irrational number.

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11. We are given the expression: (√− −
−
x − √a )
3 3 6

− 6 3−− 0 3 − 5 3 −
− 1 3 − 4 3 −
− 2 3 − 3 3 −
− 3 3 − 2 3 −
− 4 3 − 1 3 −
− 5
=
6 3
C0 (√x ) (√a )
6 6 6 6 6
− C1 (√x ) (√a ) + C2 (√x ) (√a ) − C3 (√x ) (√a ) + C4 (√x ) (√a ) − C5 (√x ) (√a ) ,
6 − 0 3−− 6 3
+ C6 (√x ) (√a )

= x2 - 6x 5

3
a 1

3
+ 15x 4

3
a 2

3
- 20xa + 15x 2

3
a 4

3
- 6x 1

3
a 5

3
+ a2
12. Given expression we have,
– 5 – 5
(3 + √2) − (3 − √2)

5 4 – 1 5 2 – 3 5 0 – 5
= 2 [ C1 × 3 × (√2) + C3 × 3 × (√2) + C5 × 3 × (√2) ]
– – –
= 2[5 × 81 × √2 + 10 ×9 × 2√2 + 4√2]
– –
= 2√2(405 + 180 + 4) = 1178√2

E
13. Here,we have
(0.99)15 = (1 - 0.01)15

AT
= 1 −
15
C1 × (0.01) +
15
C2 × (0.01)
2
−
15
C3 × (0.01)
3
+ … [neglecting higher powers of 0.01]
= 1 − 15 × (0.01) + 105 × (0.0001) −455 × (0.000001) + …

= 1 - 0.15 + 0.0105 + 0.000455 = 0.860045.

IV
Therefore, (0.99)15 = 0.860045
14. We have ,
=(100 - 2)5

R
5 5 0 5 4 1 5 3 2 5 2 3 5 1 4 5 0 5
= C0 × 100 × 2 + − C1 × 100 × 2 + C2 × 100 ×2 − C3 × 100 × 2 + C4 × 100 × 2 − C5 × 100 × 2

= 10000000000 - 1000000000 + 40000000 - 800000 + 8000 - 32

SP
= 9039207968
15. We know that, if n is odd, then number of terms in the expansion of (x + a)n + (x - a)n is
n+1

N
2

Here, n = 7.
7+1
∴ Number of terms = =4
8
=
2 2
ON

IO
16. We have, (1 - x + x2)4 = [(1 - x) + x2]4
= 4C0 (1 - x)4 + 4C1 (1 - x)3 (x2) + 4C2 (1 - x)2 (x2)2 + 4C3 (1 - x) (x2)3 + 4C4 (x2)4

= (1 - x)4 + 4x2 (1 - x)3 + 6x4 (1 - x)2 + 4x6 (1 - x) + x8

IT

= (1 - 4x + 6x2 - 4x3 + x4) + 4x2 (1 - 3x + 3x2 - x2) + 6x4 (1 - 2x + x2) + 4 (1 - x) x6 + x8

PI

= 1 - 4x + 6x2 - 4x3 + x4 + 4x2 - 12x3 + 12x4 - 4x5 + 6x4 - 12x5 + 6x6 + 4x6 - 4x7 + x8
TU

= 1 - 4x + 10x2 - 16x3 + 19x4 - 16x5 + 10x6 - 4x7 + x8

AM

− −−− −
17. Substituting √1 − x = y, we get 2

4 4
The given expressinon = (x 2
− y) + (x
2
+ y) = 2 [x
8
+
4
C2 x y
4 2
+
4
C4 y ]
4

4×3 2
8 4 2 2
= 2x + x ⋅ (1 − x ) + (1 − x )
2×1

8 4 2 2 4
= 2 [x + 6x (1 − x ) + (1 − 2x + x ]
CH

8 6 4 2
= 2x − 12x + 14x − 4x + 2
n n n−r r n
∑ Cr a b = (a + b) . . . . . . . . . (1)
r=0

n
n
18. N ow, ∑
r=0
3
r n
Cr = ∑
n
Cr (1)
n−r
.3
r
= (1 + 3)
n
(by (1)
r=0

n
= 4
4 4 3 2 2 3 4

= 4Co ( + 4C1 ( + 4C2 ( + 4C3 ( + 4C4 (

−3 −3 −3 −3
19. ( 2x

3
−
3

2x
)
2x

3
)
2x

3
) (
2x
)
2x

3
) (
2x
)
2x

3
)(
2x
)
2x
)

4 3 2
−3 −27
=1× 16x
+4× 8x
( ) +6× 4x
(
9
) +4( 2x
)(
3
) +1×( 81
)
81 27 2x 9 4x2 3 8x 16x4

[using 4Co = 4C4 = 1, 4C3 = 4C1 = 4 and 4C2 = 2!2!

4!
=
4×3×2!

2×1×2!
= 6]
= 16 4
x - 16
x
2
+6- 9
+ 81

81 9 x2 16x
4

20. (1.1)10000 = (1 + 0.1)10000.

=1 + 10000C1(0.1) + 10000C2(0.1)2 + 10000C3(0.1)3 + ....
= 1 + 10000 (0.1) + other positive numbers
= 1 + 1000 + other positive numbers

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 Which is greater than 1000.
Thus (1.1)10000 > 1000
21. To find: Expension of (√−x − √y) by means of binomial theorem..
3 3 6

Formula used: n
Cr =
n!

(n−r)!(r)!

(a + b)n = C a + C n
0
n n
1a
n−1
b +
n
C2 a
n−2 2
b +…… +
n
Cn−1 ab
n−1
+ nCn b
n

We have, (√−x − √y)

3 3 6

1 1

We can write √−
x , as x , and √y , as y ,
3
3 3 3

6
1 1

Now, we have to solve for (x 3 − y 3 )

6−0 6−1 1 6−2 2 6−3 3

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

E
⇒ [6C0 (x 3 ) ] + [6C1 (x 3 ) (− y 3 ) ] + [6C2 (x 3 ) (− y 3 ) ] + [6C3 (x 3 ) (− y 3 ) ]

AT
6−4 4 6−5 5 6
1 1 1 1 1

+ [6C4 (x 3 ) (− y 3 ) ] + [6C5 (x 3 ) (− y 3 ) ] + [6C6 (− y 3 ) ]

5 1 4 2 3 3
6
6 6
⇒ [ C0 ( )] − [ C1 (x 3 ) (y 3 )] + [6C2 (x 3 ) (y 3 )] − [6C3 (x 3 ) (y 3 )]
x3

IV
2 4 1 5
6 6
+ [ C4 (x 3 ) (y 3 )] − [6C5 (x 3 ) (y 3 )] + [6C6 ( )]
y3

5 2 4 2
6! 2 6! 6!
⇒ [ (x )] − [ (x 3 ) (y 3 )] + [ (x 2 ) (x 3 )]

R
0!(6−0)! 1!(6−1)! 2!(6−2)!

2 4 1 5
6! 6! 6! 6! 2
−[ (x)(y)] + [ (x 3 ) (y 5 )]− [ (x 3 ) (y 3 )] + [ (y )]
SP
3!(6−3)! 4!(6−4)! 5!(6−5)! 6!(6−6)!

5 1 4 2 2
2 4
⇒ [1 (x )] − [6 (x 3 ) (y 3 )] + [15 (x 3 ) (y 3 )] −[20(x)(y)] + [15 (x 3 )( )]
3
y

− [6 (x
1

3 ) (y
5

3 )] + [1 (y )]
2

N
ON

IO
5 1 4 2 2 4 1 5
2 2
⇒ x − 6x 2 y 3 + 15x 3 y 3 − 20xy +15x 3 y 3 − 6x 3 y 3 + y

Hence the result.

5

22. Using binomial theorem for the expansion of ( x

+
1
) we have
IT
3 x

5 5 4 3 2
2 3
x 1 x x 1 x 1 x 1
PI

5 5 5 5
( + ) = C0 ( ) + C1 ( ) ( ) + C2 ( ) ( ) + C3 ( ) ( )
3 x 3 3 x 3 x 3 x

x 1 4 1 5
5 5
+ C4 ( )( ) + C5 ( )
TU

3 x x

5 4 3 2
x x x x x
M

1 1 1 1 1
= + 5 ⋅ ⋅ + 10 ⋅ ⋅ +10 ⋅ ⋅ + 5 ⋅ ⋅ +
243 81 x 27 2 9 3 3 4 5
x x x x
5
x 5 3 10 10 5 1
= + x + x + + +
243 81 27 9x 3 5
3x x

23. We have (0.99)5 = (1 - 0.01)5

A

5 5 5 2
= C0 − C1 (0.01)+ C2 (0.01) . . .

= 1 - 0.05 + 0.001...
CH

= 0.951
24. To prove: (2 + √− − 2
x ) + (2 − √x ) = 2(16 + 24x + x )
4 4

Formula used: C = n
r
n!

(n−r)!(r)!

(a+b)n = nC0an + nC1an-1b + nC2an-2b2 + …… +nCn-1abn-1 + nCnbn(a+b)4 = 4C0a4 + 4C1a4-1b + 4C2a4-2b2 + 4C3a4-3b3 + 4C4b4

= 4C0a4 + 4C1a3b + 4C2a2b2 + 4C3a1b3 + 4C4b4 … (i)

(a - b)4 = 4C0a4 + 4C1a4-1(-b) + 4C2a4-2(-b)2 +4C3a4-3(-b)3+4C4(-b)4

= 4C0a4 - 4C1a3b + 4C2a2b2 - 4C3ab3 + 4C4b4 … (ii)

Adding (i) and (ii)
(a+b)4 + (a-b)7 = [4C0a4 + 4C1a3b + 4C2a2b2 + 4C3a1b3 + 4C4b4] + [4C0a4 - 4C1a3b + 4C2a2b2 - 4C3ab3 + 4C4b4]

= 2[4C0a4 + 4C2a2b2 + 4C4b4]

4! 4 4! 2 2 4! 4
= 2 [( a ) + ( a b )+ ( b )]
0!(4−0)! 2!(4−2)! 4!(4−4)!

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2[(1)a4 + (6)a2b2 + (1)b4]
= 2[a4 + 6a2b2 + b4]
Therefore, (a+b)4 + (a-b)7 = 2[a4 + 6a2b2 + b4]
−
Now, putting a = 2 and b = (√x) in the above equation.
− 4 − 4 4 2 − 2 − 4
(2 + √x ) + (2 − √x ) = 2 [(2) + 6(2) (√x ) + (√x ) ]

= 2(16 + 24x + x2)

Hence proved

E
AT
R IV
SP
N
ON

IO
IT
PI
TU
AM
CH

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