Refrigeration and Air-conditioning

Unit 1: Basic refrigeration cycle

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A Carnot cycle refrigerator operates between 250 K and 300 K. It's COP is;

A) 65.0 B) 5.0 C) 1.2 D) 0.8

2. A Carnot cycle has an efficiency of 0.75. If the temperature of the high

temperature reservoir is 727 oC, what is the temperature of low temperature
reservoir?

A) 23 oC B) -23 oC C)0 oC D)250 oC

3. One TR is:
a. 3.5 kW b. 4.5 kW
c. 5.5 kW d. none of these

4 Vapour compression refrigeration system gives refrigerating effect in the ……

device for refrigerator:
a. Condenser b. Evaporator c. compressor
d. expansion valve

5 Heat pumps are used for:

a. cooling the space b. heating the space
c. heating and cooling the space d. none of above

6 Expansion valve is placed in between:

a. compressor and condenser b. evaporator and compressor
c. condenser and evaporator d. none of these

7 Reversed Carnot cycle is used in:

a. internal combustion engines b. bicycle
c. tri-cycle d. refrigerator

8 The expansion valve process in the VCC is:

a. isenthalpic b. isotropic
c. isobaric d. none of above

11 A reversible Carnot cycle used for refrigeration comprises

Two isentropic and two adiabatic processes

 Two isentropic and two constant volume processes

Two isentropic and two constant pressure process

Two isentropic and two isothermal processes

12 In the evaporator of a vapour compression refrigeration system

A low temperature is maintained so that heat can flow from the external fluid

Refrigeration effect is produced as the refrigerant liquid vaporizes

A low pressure is maintained so that the compressor can run

All of the above

13 The function of a compressor in a vapour compression refrigeration system is
to

a) To maintain the required low-side pressure in the evaporator

b) To maintain the required high-side pressure in the condenser

c) To circulate required amount of refrigerant through the system

d) All of the above

14 In a vapour compression refrigeration system, a condenser is primarily
required so that

a) A high pressure can be maintained in the system

b) The refrigerant evaporated in the evaporator can be recycled

c) Performance of the system can be improved

d) Low temperatures can be produced

15 The function of an expansion valve is to

Reduce the refrigerant pressure

Maintain high and low side pressures

Protect evaporator

All of the above

16 Air cycle refrigeration systems are most commonly used in

Domestic refrigerators

Aircraft air conditioning systems

Cold storages

Car air conditioning systems

17 For the same condensing temperature and refrigeration capacity, a vapour
compression refrigeration system operating at a lower evaporator temperature
is more expensive than a system operating at a higher evaporator temperature,
because at low evaporator temperature

a) Refrigeration effect is high, hence the size of the compressor is large

b) Refrigeration effect is small, hence the size of the compressor is large

c) Specific refrigeration effect is high, hence size of evaporator is large

d) All the above

18 For a given condensing temperature, the work of compression of a standard
VCRS increases initially with evaporator temperature reaches a maximum and
then starts decreasing, this is because as evaporator increases

a) Both specific volume of refrigerant and work of compression increase

b) Specific volume of refrigerant increases and work of compression decreases

c) Both specific volume and work of compression decrease

d) Specific volume decreases and specific refrigeration effect increases

19 Sub cooling is beneficial as it

a) Increases specific refrigeration effect b) Decreases work of

compression

c) Ensures liquid entry into expansion device d) All of the above

20 Superheating

a) Always increases specific refrigeration effect

b) Always decreases specific work of compression

 c) Always increases specific work of compression

d) Always increases compressor discharge temperature

21 The sub-cooling in VCC system is used

Before compression

Before throttling

After compression

After throttling
22 One ton of refrigeration is equal to

2.11 kW

2.5 kW

3.5 kW

3.1 kW
23 The refrigerant leaving the throttle valve is

saturated vapour

saturated liquid

superheated vapour

wet vapour
24 Reducing suction pressure in refrigeration cycle

increases refrigerating effect

refrigerating effect remains same

decreases refrigerating effect

none
25 For domestic refrigerator the following type of expansion valve is economically

suitable
 capillary tube

thermostatic expansion valve

plastic tube

none of above

Long Answer Questions

1 A 5 TR, R12 refrigeration plant has a saturated suction temperature of -50C. The
condensation takes place at 320C and there is no under cooling of refrigerant
liquid. Assuming isentropic compression calculate:

a. COP of plant, b. Mass flow rate of refrigerant, c. Power required to run the
compressor in KW.. Take Cp of superheated vapour as 0.615KJ/Kgk
T[0C] P[Bar] Hf[KJ/Kg] Hg[KJ/Kg] Sg[KJ/Kgk]
-5 2.61 - 249.3 1.557
32 7.85 130.5 264.5 1.542

2 A Carnot refrigerator requires 1.3 kW per ton of refrigeration to maintain a

temperature of –40°C. Determine :

i) COP of the refrigerator, ii) the temperature at which the heat is rejected,

iii) the amount of heat rejected in kJ/min., and iv) COP, if the cycle is used as a heat
pump.
3 A refrigerator produces 20 tons of ice per day from and at 0°C. The

condensation and evaporation take at 20°C and –20°C respectively. The

temperature of vapour at the end of isentropic compression is 50°C and

there is no undercooling of the liquid refrigerant. The actual COP is 70% of the
theoretical COP. Determine :

i) The rate of refrigerant circulation, ii) The size of single acting compressor when
running at 240 rpm assuming, L = D and volumetric efficiency of 80%.

Take, hfg (fusion of ice) =335 kJ/kg., Use the following properties of the refrigerant
4 A Bell – Coleman cycle works between 1 bar and 6 bar. Compression follows PV1.25
= C and expansion follows PV1.3 = C. Find COP and capacity of unit in tons of
refrigeration, if the air flow is 0.5 kg/s. Assume compression and expansion begins
at 7°C and 37°C respectively.
5 A refrigerator working on Bell-Coleman cycle operates between pressure limits of
1.05 bar and 8.5 bar. Air is drawn from the cold chamber at 10°C, compressed and
then it is cooled to 30°C before entering the expansion cylinder. The expansion and
compression follows the law pv1.3 = constant. Determine the COP of the system.

6 The temperature limits of an ammonia refrigerating system are 25°C and – 10°C. If
the gas is dry at the end of compression calculate the coefficient of performance of
the cycle, assuming no under cooling of the liquid ammonia.
Use the following table for the properties of ammonia.
Temp. (°C) Liquid Heat Latent Liquid
(kJ/kg) Heat Entropy(kJ/kgK)
(kJ/kg)
25 298.9 1166.94 1.1242
–10 135.37 1297.68 0.5443
7 An ammonia ice plant operates between a condenser temperature of 35°C

and evaporator temperature of – 15°C . It produces 10 tons of ice per day

from water at 30°C to ice at – 5° C. Determine

i) Capacity of refrigerant plant

ii) Mass flow rate of refrigerant

iii) Power required to drive compressor

iv) Dimensions of compressor for D 1.2

L/D =1.2 , N = 1200 rpm, ηv = 65%

Use following data :

Cp = 2.763 kJ/kgK.
Tset P(bar) vf vg hf hg sf sg

°C m3/Kg m3/Kg kJ/Kg kJ/Kg kJ/KgK kJ/KgK

-15 2.3709 1.51*10- 0.5080 131.27 1443.9 0.7426 5.822
3

35 13.522 1.7*10-3 0.0956 366.1 1488.57 0.566 5.21

8 A dense air refrigeration system of 10 ToR capacity works between 4 bar and 16
bar. The air leaves the cold chamber at 0°C and discharges air at 25°C to the
expansion cylinder after air cooler. The expansion and compression cylinders are
double acting. The mechanical efficiency of compressor and expander are 85%
and 80% resp. The compressor speed is 250 rpm and has stroke of 250 mm.
Determine

i) COP

ii) Power required

iii) Bore of compressor and expander.

Assume expansion and compression as isentropic.

9 R-12 vapor compression system operating at a condenser temperature of 40°C and
on evaporator temperature of -5°C develops 15TR. Determine :

i) Mass flow rate of refrigerant

ii) Volume of refrigerant handled by compressor

iii) HP per TR

iv) COP

Cp= 0.65 kJ/kg-K

Tset P(bar) hf hg sf sg Vf vg
m3/Kg
°C kJ/Kg kJ/Kg kJ/KgK kJ/KgK M6/Kg
-5 2.8096 195 349 0.9831 1.5571 0.7078 0.06496
x10-3
40 9.6065 238 367 1.1298 1.54051 0.7980 0.01817
x 10-3

1 The capacity of a refrigerator is 200TR when working between -60 C and

250C.Determine the mass of ice produced per day from water at 250C.Also find the
power required to drive the unit. Assume that the cycle operates on reversed
Carnot cycle and latent heat of Ice is 335KJ/Kg.

Short Answer Questions

1 Enumerate the various methods of air refrigeration systems & explain any one.
1 Explain Need of Refrigeration System in Aircraft
2 Enumerate the various methods of aircraft refrigeration system and explain
regenerative air cooling system.
3 Describe with neat sketch a boot strap air refrigeration system.
4 Discuss the limitations of Reversed Carnot Cycle with vapor as Refrigerant.
5 Explain Effect of change in evaporator & condenser pressure on COP of VCC.
6 Draw neat diagram of Regenerative air cooling system for air craft refrigeration
and explain it with the help of its T-S diagram.

7 Write short note on :

i) Heat pump ii) Central air conditioning system.
8 Explain VCC with the help of T-S 4 P-h diagram.
9 What do you mean by TR and show 1TR = 3.516 kW ?

Long Answer Questions.

1 A Carnot engine uses 1 kg of air as the working fluid. The temperature

limits are 300 K and 900 K, the minimum pressure is 1 bar and the
volumetric compression ratio is 20. Determine (a) efficiency, (b) all
state points, (c) work ratio, (d) work done per cycle, (e) heat supplied
per cycle, and (f) mean effective pressure.[66.67%]

2 A heat pump working on a reversed Carnot cycle is used to supply 80

kW of heat for maintaining the rooms of a building at 200C when the
outside temperature is 00C. Determine (a) the COP of the system, (b)
power consumed by the heat pump, and (c) heat absorbed from the
atmosphere outside. Determine: the power consumption if direct
electric heating is used.

3 Which is the more effective way to increase the efficiency of a Carnot

engine: (a) to increase the temperature of the hot reservoir, keeping
that of the cold reservoir constant, OR (b) to decrease the temperature
of the cold reservoir, keeping that of the hot reservoir constant?
Discuss from the point of view of engineering.

4 A heat pump working on a reversed Carnot cycle is used to supply 80

kW of heat for maintaining the rooms of a building at 200C when the
outside temperature is 00C. Determine (a) the COP of the system, (b)
power consumed by the heat pump, and (c) heat absorbed from the
atmosphere outside. Determine: the power consumption if direct
electric heating is used.

5 Which is the more effective way to increase the efficiency of a Carnot

engine: (a) to increase the temperature of the hot reservoir, keeping
that of the cold reservoir constant, OR (b) to decrease the temperature
of the cold reservoir, keeping that of the hot reservoir constant?
Discuss from the point of view of engineering.

6 A Carnot engine uses 1 kg of air as the working fluid. The temperature

lim-
 its are 300 K and 900 K, the minimum pressure is 1 bar and the
volumetric
compression ratio is 20. Determine (a) efficiency, (b) all state points,
(c) work ratio, (d) work done per cycle, (e) heat supplied per cycle, and
(f) mean effective pressure.

7 Which is the more effective way to increase the efficiency of a Carnot

engine:
(a) to increase the temperature of the hot reservoir, keeping that of the
cold reservoir constant, OR (b) to decrease the temperature of the cold
reservoir, keeping that of the hot reservoir constant? Discuss from the
point of view of engineering.

8 A heat pump working on a reversed Carnot cycle is used to supply 80

kW of heat for maintaining the rooms of a building at 20◦C when the
outside temperature is 0◦C. Determine (a) the COP of the system, (b)
power consumed by the heat pump, and (c) heat absorbed from the
atmosphere outside. Determine the power consumption if direct
electric heating is used.

B Refrigerants

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Ammonia is one of the oldest refrigerants, which is still used widely, because

It offers excellent performance

It is a natural refrigerant

It is inexpensive

All of the above

2. In the olden days Carbon dioxide was commonly used in marine applications as

It has low critical temperature

Its operating pressures are high

It is non-toxic and non-flammable

It is odorless
3. Sulphur dioxide was mainly used in small refrigeration systems, because

It is non-toxic and non-flammable

It has small refrigeration effect

It is expensive

It was easily available

4. CFC based refrigerants are being replaced as they are found to

Cause ozone layer depletion

Consume more energy

React with several materials of construction

Expensive
5. The chemical formula of refrigerant R11 is

CCl3F CClF3

CClHF CHF
6. Which of the following refrigerants are phased-out due to Montreal protocol on
ozone layer depletion

a) R11 b) R21 c) R12 d) R32

7. . Which of the following refrigerants replace R12 in domestic refrigerators?

R22 R11

R134a R141b
 8. For ammonia refrigerating systems, the tubes of a shell and tube condenser are
made of
copper aluminum

steel brass
9. The freon group of refrigerants are

halo-carbon refrigerants

azeotrope refrigerants

inorganic refrigerants

hydro-carbon refrigerants
1 Which of the following statement is correct for ammonia as a refrigerant?

It is toxic to mucous membranes

it requires large displacement per TR compared to fluoro carbons.

It reacts with copper and its alloys.

all of these
1 ODP value of R11 is

A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3
1 Which of the following refrigerants has highest freezing point ?

ammonia

carbon dioxide

sulphur dioxide

R–12

Short answer questions

1 Write a note on refrigerant classification as per ASHRAE.

2 Describe nomenclature of refrigerants with practical examples.

3 Write a note on the secondary refrigerant.

4 Write a note on Ozone depletion problem (ODP) & Global warming

problem (GWP).

5 Write a note on Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI).

6 Write a note on Alternative refrigerants.

7 Describe desirable properties of a good refrigerant.

8 Describe selection of a refrigerant for a ) refrigerator, b) cold storage

application.

9 Describe an alternative refrigerant for R22 refrigerant.

10 Describe an alternative refrigerant for R134a refrigerant.

Unit 2
Vapour compression cycle

Multiple Choice Questions

1 1. When the temperature lift of a single stage vapour compression

refrigeration system increases:

a) Refrigeration effect increases b) Work of compression increases

c) Compressor discharge temperature decreases

d) Volumetric efficiency of compressor increases Ans.: b)

2 When the temperature lift of a single stage vapour compression

refrigeration system increases

Refrigeration effect increases

Work of compression increases

 Compressor discharge temperature decreases

Volumetric efficiency of compressor increases

3 Multi-stage vapour compression refrigeration systems are used when

a) Required temperature lift increases

b) Required temperature lift decreases

c) Refrigeration is required at different temperatures

d) Required refrigeration capacity is large

4 Using a flash tank

Flash gas formed during expansion can be removed at an intermediate

pressure

Temperature of refrigerant vapour at the inlet to higher stage

compressor can be reduced

Pressure drop in evaporator can be reduced

All of above

5 Using intercooling in multi-stage compression systems

Refrigeration effect can be increased

Work of compression in higher stage compressor can be reduced

Maximum cycle temperature can be increased

All of the above

6 Refrigeration system with liquid subcooler is used to

Prevent the entry of liquid into compressor

Prevent flashing of refrigerant liquid ahead of low stage expansion

device
 Reduce work of compression

All of the above

7 In two-stage compression system with flash gas removal

Refrigerant mass flow rates in both low and high stage compressors are
equal

Refrigerant mass flow rates in high stage compressors is greater than

that in low stage compressor

Refrigerant mass flow rates in high stage compressors is smaller than

that in low stage compressor

Mass flow rates in low and high stage compressors are equal if the
pressure ratios are equal

8 Use of flash tank for intercooling

a) Always improves system COP

b) COP increases or decreases depends on the refrigerant used

c) Maximum compressor discharge temperature always decreases

d) Power input to the system always decreases

9 Multi-evaporator systems are

a) Widely used when refrigeration is required at different temperatures

b) When humidity control in the refrigerated space is required

c) When the required temperature lift is small

d) All of the above

10 Multi-evaporator systems with a single compressor and a pressure

reducing valve

Yield very high COPs compared to multi-evaporator, single stage

systems
 Yield lower compressor discharge temperature compared to single
stage systems

Yield slightly higher refrigeration effect in the low temperature

evaporator compared to single stage systems

Yield slightly higher refrigeration effect in the high temperature

evaporator compared to single stage systems

Short Answer Questions

1 A Refrigerator with R134a as the working fluid has a minimum

temperature of -10oC and a maximum pressure of 1 MPa. Assume an
Ideal refrigeration cycle. Find the specific heat transfer from the cold
space and that to the hot space and determine the COP.

[136.7 KJ/kg, 170.1 KJ/kg, 4.09].

2 The natural Refrigerant CO2 has a Fairly low critical Temperature find
the high temperature, the condensing temperature and the COP. If it
is used in a standard cycle with high and low pressure of 6 and 3
MPa. [45.90C, 220C, 6.2]

3 A heat pump for heat upgrade uses ammonia with a low temperature
of 250C and high pressure of 5000 kPa. If it receives 1MW of soft
work what is the rate of heat transfer at the high temperature?
[4386 KW]

4 A simple Vapour compression produces 10 TR when R134a is used as

the working medium. The condensing and evaporator temperatures
are 400C and -10 0C respectively. Calculate a) refrigerating effect b)
circulation of refrigerant/second c) power of compressor d) COP C)
Volume flow rate/sec.

[a= 109.45 KJ/kg, mr=0.32kg/s, p=8.11KW, COP=4032, V=0.02464

m3/s]

5 The following Results refer to an ammonia refrigeration system :

Pressure Condenser:15.72 bar, Evaporator=3.02bar, Temperature
 Exit of compressor = 1600C, Temperature Entering condenser =
1000C, Temperature Leaving evaporator = -100C, Temperature
Entering compressor = 300C, Flow rate 100 kg/h.

The superheating of vapour occurs in counter flow heat exchanger

meant to sub cool the condensate calculate:

a) Tonnage of the plant (9.13TR)

b) Heat rejected by ammonia from condenser (35.94 KW)

c) Compressor power (7.63KW)

d) COP (4.167)

6 An ammonia refrigeration plant operates between a condensing

temperature of 400C and an evaporating temperature of -100C. The
vapour is dry at the end of compression. Only the following property
values are given

t ht hg Sf
400C 371.5 1473 1.36
-100C 135.4 1433 0.544

The specific heat of NH3 vapour is 2.1897 KJ/kgk. Calculate the

theoretical COP of the cycle [4.2]

7 A simple saturated ammonia cycle is designed for a load of 100 TR

The evaporator and condenser temperatures are 50C and 400C
respectively. Calculate: i) mass flow rate of refrigerant (0.3247kg/s),
ii) power required in KW (51.95kw), iii) COP (7.09), and iv)heat
rejected in condenser (401.23kw)

8 A refrigerating machine of 8 TR capacity works on an ideal

Bell-Coleman cycle. The pressure of air entering the compressor is 1
bar and corresponding temperature is 200C the highest pressure
reached in the cycle is 6bar. The air after compression gets cooled to
400C before entering in expansion cylinder assuming expansion and
compression to be adabatic (r=1.4)Calculate:

i) COP of cycle (1.5)

ii) Mass flow rate of refrigerant (0.2643 kg k)

 iii) Power required (52.02)

iv) Piston displacement of compressor (0.2222

3
m /s)

v) Bore and stroke of compressor cylinder if

compressor used is double acting and runs at 300
rpm (0.3047m, 30.47cm)

9 An NH3 refrigeration plant has a capacity of 20 TR. The Condensation

and evaporation temperatures are 350C and -200C respectively.
Refrigerant is dry and saturated at the entry of the compressor; there is
no under cooling of the liquid refrigerant. If the actual COP is 0.7 times
the theoretical COP Determine

Long Answer Questions

1 Describe simple vapour compression cycle.

2 Describe subcooling and superheating in the vapour compression cycle.

3 Describe regenerative (or liquid suction) heat exchanger.

4 Describe cascade refrigeration cycle.

5 Draw schematic diagram of two stage compression system with flash gas
removal & flash gas intercooling, explain it with the help of P-H diagram.

6 Explain difference between multi evaporator & cascade refrigeration

system and describe two stage cascade refrigeration using its objective.

7 What are the methods of improving COP.

B) Multi-pressure systems
Multiple Choice Questions

1 Multi-stage vapour compression refrigeration systems are used when:

a) Required temperature lift increases

b) Required temperature lift decreases

c) Refrigeration is required at different temperatures

d) Required refrigeration capacity is large

Ans.: a) and c)

2 Using a flash tank:

a) Flash gas formed during expansion can be removed at an

intermediate pressure

b) Quality of refrigerant at the evaporator inlet can be increased

c) Temperature of refrigerant vapour at the inlet to higher stage

compressor can be reduced

d) Pressure drop in evaporator can be reduced

Ans.: a) , c) and d)

3
Using intercooling in multi-stage compression systems:

a) Refrigeration effect can be increased

b) Work of compression in higher stage compressor can be reduced

c) Maximum cycle temperature can be increased

d) All of the above

Ans.: b)

4
External intercooling of refrigerant vapour:
 a) Is feasible for ammonia based systems

b) Commonly used in air compressors

c) Commonly used for halocarbon refrigerants

d) Depends on availability of cold external water

Ans.: a) and b)

5 Using a flash tank:

a) Flash gas formed during expansion can be removed at an

intermediate pressure

b) Quality of refrigerant at the evaporator inlet can be increased

c) Temperature of refrigerant vapour at the inlet to higher stage

compressor can be reduced

d) Pressure drop in evaporator can be reduced

Ans.: a) , c) and d)

6
Using intercooling in multi-stage compression systems:

a) Refrigeration effect can be increased

b) Work of compression in higher stage compressor can be reduced

c) Maximum cycle temperature can be increased

d) All of the above

Ans.: b)

7
External intercooling of refrigerant vapour:

a) Is feasible for ammonia based systems

b) Commonly used in air compressors

 c) Commonly used for halocarbon refrigerants

d) Depends on availability of cold external water

Ans.: a) and b)

8 Assuming the refrigerant vapour to behave as an ideal gas and with

perfect intercooling, the optimum intermediate pressure of a
refrigeration system that operates between 4 bar and 16 bar is equal to:

a) 10 bar b) 8 bar c) 6 bar d) 12 bar Ans.: b)

9
7. Refrigeration system with liquid subcooler is used to:

a) Prevent the entry of liquid into compressor

b) Prevent flashing of refrigerant liquid ahead of low stage expansion

device

c) Reduce work of compression d) All of the above Ans. b)

10 In two-stage compression system with flash gas removal:

a) Refrigerant mass flow rates in both low and high stage compressors
are equal

b) Refrigerant mass flow rates in high stage compressors is greater than

that in low stage compressor

c) Refrigerant mass flow rates in high stage compressors is smaller than

that in low stage compressor

d) Mass flow rates in low and high stage compressors are equal if the
pressure ratios are equal

Ans.: b)

11
9. Use of flash tank for intercooling:

a) Always improves system COP

 b) COP increases or decreases depends on the refrigerant used

c) Maximum compressor discharge temperature always decreases

d) Power input to the system always decreases

Ans.: b) and c)

12
Multi-evaporator systems are:

a) Widely used when refrigeration is required at different temperatures

b) When humidity control in the refrigerated space is required

c) When the required temperature lift is small

d) All of the above

Ans.: a) and b)

13
2. Multi-evaporator systems with a single compressor and a pressure
reducing valve:

a) Yield very high COPs compared to multi-evaporator, single stage

systems

b) Yield lower compressor discharge temperature compared to single

stage systems

c) Yield slightly higher refrigeration effect in the low temperature

evaporator

compared to single stage systems

d) Yield slightly higher refrigeration effect in the high temperature

evaporator

compared to single stage systems

Ans.: d)
15
Compared to individual expansion valves, multiple expansion valves:

a) Yield higher refrigeration effect in the low temperature evaporator

b) Yield higher refrigeration effect in the high temperature evaporator

c) Yield lower compressor discharge temperature

d) Decrease the quality of refrigerant at the inlet to low temperature

evaporator

Ans.: a) and d)

16
Compared to multi-evaporator and single compressor systems,
multi-evaporator

systems with multiple compressors:

a) Yield higher COP

b) Decrease maximum cycle temperature

c) Yield higher refrigeration effect

d) All of the above

Ans.: a) and b)

17
In multi-stage systems:

a) The refrigerant used should have high critical temperature and high
freezing point

b) The refrigerant used should have high critical temperature and low
freezing point

c) There is a possibility of migration of lubricating oil from one

compressor to other

d) Operating pressures can be too high or too low

 Ans.: b), c) and d)

18
6. In cascade systems:

a) Different refrigerants are used in individual cascade cycles

b) There is no mixing of refrigerants and no migration of lubricating oil

c) Higher COPs compared to multi-stage systems can be obtained

d) Operating pressures need not be too high or too low

Ans.: a), b) and d)

19
Cascade systems are widely used for:

a) Large refrigeration capacity systems

b) Applications requiring large temperature lifts

c) Applications requiring very high efficiencies

d) All of the above

Ans.: b)

20
For a two-stage cascade system working on Carnot cycle and between
low and high

temperatures of –90oC and 50oC, the optimum cascade temperature at

which the COP

will be maximum is given by:

a) –20oC

b) –30oC

c) –67oC

d) 0oC
 Ans.: b)

21
In a two stage, auto-cascade system:

a) Two compressors and two refrigerants are used

b) A single compressor and a single refrigerant are used

c) A single compressor and two refrigerants are used

d) Two compressors and a single refrigerant are used

Ans.: c)

22
In a two stage, auto-cascade system:

a) Compressor compresses refrigerant mixture

b) Refrigerants are separated in partial condenser

c) Condensing temperature of low temperature refrigerant at discharge

pressure is higher than the boiling temperature of high temperature
refrigerant at suction pressure

d) Condensing temperature of low temperature refrigerant at discharge

pressure is lower than the boiling temperature of high temperature
refrigerant at suction pressure

Ans.: a), b) and c)

Short Answer Questions

1 Draw a schematic diagram of a two stage compression system with flash

gas removal and flash gas intercooling, and explain it with the help of p-h
diagram.

2 Describe the difference between multi-evaporator system

 3 Explain Cascade Refrigeration System with P-H Diagram

4 Describe a multi evaporator refrigeratiopn system using two stage

compressor sensing two eveporators operating at two different evaporator
temperatures, The system makes use of flash tank intercooler and removal
of flash gas, show the cycle on p-h diagram.

5 Describe complete multi-stage compression system.

6 What are the methods of improving COP of VCRs ? Explain with line
diagram Cascade refrigeration system.

7 Explain complete multistage compression system in detail.

8 Explain 2 stage compressions with water intercooler on p-h diagram.

8 Why multi-evaporator system is needed ? Explain any one on p-h diagram.

9 Explain by flow diagram and on p-h diagram the compound compression

with flash inter cooling with single expansion valve along the flow line to
evaporator.

10 Explain with sketch, two stage compression system with flash gas removal.
Also show the process on P-H Diagram.

Assignment 04

Vapour Absorption System

Multiple Choice Questions

1 Vapour absorption cycle has COP —-with respect to vapour compression

cycle.
a. less b. More c. same d. none of these
2 Which of the following process is not possible using an air-washer:
a. cooling with humidification b. adiabatic saturation
 c. heating with dehumidification d. none of these

3 Cryogenic temperature range starts below:

a. 5 0C b. 50 c. 100 d. -150
4 Sensible heat gain relation is:
a. 0.0204 cmm del(T) b. 50 cmm del(T)
c. 100 cmm del(T) d. none of these
5 SHF is the ratio of:
a. sensible heat to total heat
b. latent heat to sensible heat
c. total heat to latent heat.
d. none of above
6 Compared to compression systems, absorption systems offer the benefits of:

a) Higher COPs

b) Lower refrigeration temperatures

c) Possibility of using low-grade energy sources

d) All of the above

Ans.: c)

7
Absorption of the refrigerant by the absorbent in a vapour absorption
refrigeration system is accompanied by:

a) Absorption of heat b) Release of heat c) No thermal effects

d) Reduction in volume Ans. b)

8
An absorption system consisting of only two closed vessels:

a) Can provide continuous refrigeration b) Provides refrigeration intermittently

c) Can work on solar energy alone d) Has no practical application

Ans. b) and c)

9
The conventional, continuously operating single stage vapour absorption
 refrigeration system:

a) Requires only thermal energy as input

b) Uses a thermal compressor in place of a mechanical compressor

c) Does not require a condenser d) Consists of two expansion valves

Ans. b) and d)

10
For an ideal refrigerant-absorbent mixture:

a) There is neither expansion nor contraction upon mixing

b) The mixing process is exothermic c) The mixing process is endothermic

d) Obeys Raoult’s law in liquid phase and Dalton’s law in vapour phase

Ans. a) and d)

11
For a refrigerant-absorbent mixture with a negative deviation from Raoult’s law:

a) The mixing process is exothermic b) The mixing process is endothermic

c) The actual equilibrium temperature will be less than that predicted by Raoult’s
law

d) The actual equilibrium temperature will be less more that predicted by

Raoult’s law Ans. a) and d)

12
Refrigerant-absorbent pairs used in vapour absorption refrigeration systems
should:

a) Exhibit negative deviation from Raoult’s law at absorber

b) Exhibit positive deviation from Raoult’s law at absorber

c) Have large heat of mixing

d) Have large boiling point difference between refrigerant and absorbent

 Ans. a) and d)

13
Which of the following statements are true:

a) Water-lithium bromide systems are used for refrigeration applications above

0oC only

b) Ammonia-water systems can be used for refrigeration applications below 0oC

only

c) Small ammonia-water systems are used in domestic refrigerators

d) Small water-lithium bromide systems are used in room air conditioners

Ans. a) and c)

14
Vapour absorption refrigeration systems using water-lithium bromide:

a) Are used in large air conditioning systems

b) Are used in large frozen food storage applications

c) Operate under vacuum d) All of the above Ans. a) and c)

15
For a required refrigeration capacity, the solution heat exchanger used in
waterlithium bromide systems:

a) Reduces the required heat input to generator

b) Reduces the heat rejection rate at absorber

c) Reduces heat rejection rate at condenser

d) Reduces the required heat source temperature Ans. a) and b)

16
In water-lithium bromide systems:

a) Crystallization of solution is likely to occur in absorber

 b) Crystallization of solution is likely to occur in solution heat exchanger

c) Crystallization is likely to occur when generator temperature falls

d) Crystallization is likely to occur when condenser pressure falls

Ans. a) and d)

17
4. In commercial water-lithium bromide systems

a) Crystallization is avoided by regulating cooling water flow rate to condenser

b) Crystallization is avoided by adding additives

c) An air purging system is used to maintain vacuum

d) All of the above Ans. d)

18
5. Commercial multi-effect absorption systems:

a) Yield higher COPs

b) Yield higher refrigeration temperatures

c) Require lower heat source temperatures

d) Require higher heat source temperatures

Ans. a) and d)

19
6. In water-lithium bromide systems:

a) The required heat source temperature should be higher than minimum heat

generation temperature

b) The required heat source temperature decreases as cooling water

temperature

increases
 c) The required heat source temperature is higher for air cooled condensers,
compared to water cooled condensers

d) All of the above Ans. a) and c)

20
In commercial water-lithium bromide systems, the system capacity is regulated
by:

a) Controlling the weak solution flow rate to generator

b) Controlling the flow rate of chilled water to evaporator

c) Controlling the temperature of heating fluid to generator

d) All of the above Ans. a) and c)

21
Presence of water vapour in the refrigerant circuit of a NH3-H2O system:

a) Decreases evaporator temperature

b) Increases evaporator temperature c) Increases circulation ratio

d) Leads to non-isothermal heat transfer in evaporator and condenser

Ans. b), c) and d)

22
Compared to H2O-LiBr systems, a NH3-H2O system:

a) Requires additional components due to the requirement of rectification

b) Yields higher COP c) Yields lower COP

d) Increases design complexity and system cost Ans. a), c) and d)

23
Which of the following statements regarding the definition of concentration are
TRUE:

a) A strong solution of H2O-LiBr implies a solution rich in refrigerant

 b) A strong solution of H2O-LiBr implies a solution weak in refrigerant

c) A strong solution of NH3-H2O implies a solution rich in refrigerant

d) A strong solution of NH3-H2O implies a solution weak in refrigerant

Ans. b) and c)

24
Which of the following statements regarding NH3-H2O solution are TRUE:

a) The bubble point temperature is always higher than dew point temperature

b) The bubble point temperature is always lower than dew point temperature

c) At a given pressure, the bubble point and dew point temperatures are higher
than the saturation temperature of NH3 but lower than the saturation
temperature of H2O

d) At a given pressure, the bubble point and dew point temperatures are lower
than the saturation temperature of NH3 but higher than the saturation
temperature of H2O

Ans.: b) and c)

25
For NH3-H2O solution at equilibrium, which of the following statements are
FALSE:

a) The concentration of liquid phase is lower than the concentration of vapour

phase

b) The enthalpy of subcooled solution is a function of temperature and pressure

c) The enthalpy of superheated vapour is a function of temperature only

d) The state of the mixture can be uniquely determined by temperature and

concentration Ans.: b) and d)

26
When a binary solution of NH3-H2O is throttled adiabatically:

a) Temperature always remains constant b) Temperature may decrease

 c) Temperature may increase d) Enthalpy always remains constant

Ans.: b) and d)

27
In an ammonia-water system a rectification column is used mainly to:

a) To improve the COP of the system b) To reduce the operating pressures

c) To minimize the concentration of water in refrigeration circuit

d) All of the above Ans.: c)

28
In a reflux condenser:

a) Heat is extracted so that the vapour leaving is rich in ammonia

b) Heat is supplied so that the vapour leaving is rich in ammonia

c) Heat is extracted so that the vapour leaving is rich in water

d) Heat is supplied so that the vapour leaving is rich in ammonia

Ans.: a)

29
Due to the requirement of rectification:

a) The required generator pressure increases

b) The required generator temperature increases

c) The required generator heat input increases

d) All of the above Ans.: c)

30
In pumpless vapour absorption refrigeration systems:

a) The evaporation process is non-isothermal

b) The system pressure is almost same everywhere

 c) A pressure equalizing fluid is required to increase condenser pressure

d) A pressure equalizing fluid is required to increase evaporator pressure

Ans.: a), b) and d)

31
Which of the following statements regarding pumpless systems are TRUE:

a) Pumpless systems can use a wide variety of heat sources

b) Pumpless systems are silent, reliable and rugged

c) Pumpless systems offer high COPs

d) Pumpless systems operate at very low pressures Ans.: a) and b)

32
Compared to compression systems, the performance of absorption systems:

a) Is very sensitive to evaporator temperature

b) Is not sensitive to load variations

c) Does not depend very much on evaporator superheat

d) All of the above Ans.: b) and c)

33
Compared to compression systems, absorption systems:

a) Contain very few moving parts b) Require regular maintenance

c) Offer less noise and vibration d) Are compact for large capacities

Ans.: a), c) and d)

Short Answer Questions- Nil

1 State the functions of the following components in an absorption system with
neat diagram-

a. Absorber b. Rectifier

c. Analyser c. Heat Exchanger

2 Compare Vapour compression and Vapour absorption Refrigeration system.

Long Answer Questions

1 Describe the difference between vapour compression and vapour

absorption cycle.

2 Describe a simple (aqua-ammonia) vapour absorption system.

3 Describe a practical (aqua-ammonia) vapour absorption system.

4 Describe a LiBr-water vapour absorption system.

5 Describe a eletrolux (or three fluid) vapour absorption system.

6 Derive COP of vapour absorption system.

 Assignment :05

Cryogenics

Multiple Choice Questions

1 In cascade systems

Different refrigerants are used in individual cascade cycles

There is no mixing of refrigerants and no migration of lubricating oil

Operating pressures need not be too high or too low

All of the above

2 Cascade systems are widely used for

Large refrigeration capacity systems

Applications requiring large temperature lifts

Applications requiring very high efficiencies

All of the above

3 If a gas is to be liquified, its temperature must be

increased to a value above its critical temperature

reduced to a value below its critical temperature

equal to critical temperature

none of the above

4 The temperature below which a gas is always liquefied, is known as critical
temperature.

a) Correct b) incorrect

Long Answer Questions

1 Draw a schematic diagram of a cascade system of refrigeration and explain with
the help of p-h diagram

2 Explain the limitations of VCRS system for production of low temperature.

3 Explain two stage cascade refrigeration system with its P-h diagram.

4 What is Cascade refrigeration system ? Draw a schematic diagram of a cascade

system of refrigeration and explain with the help of P-h diagram.

5 With schematic diagram and T-s plot explain Linde cycle.

6
Explain cryogenics.

7
Describe Linde system.

8
Describe applications of cryogenics.

Long Answer Questions

Experiment:06

Psychometry
Multiple Choice Questions

1 Moist air condenses at:

a. DBT b. WBT c. DPT d. None of above
2 The saturated moist air has:
a. 0 % RH. b. 50 % RH
c. 75 % RH d. 100 % RH
3 Air cooler follows………..psychrometric process.
a. compressor and condenser
b. evaporator and compressor
c. condenser and evaporator
d. none of these
4 Constant WBT lines on the psychrometric chart are plotted as:
a. horizontal b. vertical
c. inclined d. none of these
5 Wet bulb depression is:
a. DBT - WBT b. DBT + WBT
c. DBT-DPT d. none of above

6 Moist air is :
a. water vapour b. dry air
c. mixture of water vapour and dry air d. none of these

Long Answer Questions

1 The atmospheric conditions are 25oC DBT and specific humidity of 10

gm/kg of air. Determine i) Pv ii) RH iii) DPT [0.01603 bar, 50.63%,
13.96 oC.

2
Specific humidity of atmospheric air at 27.5 oC is 0.016 kg/kg d.a Find
partial pressure of water vapor , relative humidity DPT.[Pv=0.02675 bar,
Φ= 72.87%, DPT=21.38 oC].
 3
Calculate the specific volume of an air-vapor mixture in cubic meter per
kilogram of dry air when the following condition prevail: DBT=30 oC,
w=0.015mg/kgda, total pressure (p)= 90kpa[ Pv= 0.0212bar,
µ=µv+µa=99.09]

4
A sample of moist air has a DBT of 43 oC and a WBT of 29 oC. calculate
the following without making use of the psychrometric chart: i) Pv, ii) w
iii) Rtc, iv) DPT , v) Humaid specific heat vi) enthalpy vii) dgree of
saturation [Pv= 0.03064 bar, w= 0.016 kgdov/kgda, Φ=35.47% DPT=
o
24.43 C, humaid sp.heat sp heat , Cp= cpa=wcpv=1.0407,
h=97.58k3/kg]

5
The barometric reading is 680 mm of Hg DBT=35 oC WBT= 25 oC.
Determine i) щ ii) sp. volume , iii) h1 & iv) RH P= or b= 680 mmHg X
133.3=90644h/m 2
=0.90644 bar. [ Pv= 0.02578 bar, щ= 0.0182
kgwv/kgda, Φ= 49.86

6
Moist air has DBT= 25 oC and degree of saturation 30%, the boromatric
pressure is 2.01325 bar calculate enthalphy and volume per kg of air
relative humidity saturated pressure of steam as 3.17 k/m2 at 25 oC

[ Pv= 9.63x10 3 bar, h= 40.33 kj/kg,

Short Answer Questions

1
Short note on psychrometric chart
 2
Describe Dry bulb temperature, Wet bulb temperature, Specific humidity,
Relative humidity, SHF.

3
What is adiabatic saturation/saturator.

4
Describe an air washer.

5
Describe bi-pass factor.

Psychrometry without chart

1
The DBT & DPT of atmospheric air are 300C and 140C resply. If the
barometer reading is 758 mm of Hg determine humidity ratio.

2
Find the absolute humidity of the air sample which has a DPT of 160C.

3
For a DBT of 250C ps a RH of 50% calculate the following for air when the
borometric pr. is 740 mm of Hg. Find without using psychrometric chart
(a) partial pr. of water vapor and dry air (b) DPT (c) specific humidity (d)
specific volume (e) enthalpy.

4
A sample of moist air has a dbt of 430C & WBT of 290C Calculate the
following without chart (a)partial pr. of water vapour (b) sp. humidity (c)
RH (d) DPT (e) humaid sp. heat (f) enthalpy (g) Degree of saturation (h)
Sigma heat function.

5
A sample of air has DBT & WBT of 35 0C & 25 0C respectively. The barometric
pr. is 760 mm of Hg Calculate (a) humidity ratio, RH enthalpy of the
 sample (b) humidity ratio, RH & enthalpy, if the air were adiabatically
saturated.

6
Investigate the effect of humidity on the density of moist air by computing
the vapor density for an air water vapor mixture at 26 0C & RH of 0,50 &
1005 also , for each core, compere the value of the degree of saturation of
the value of RH.

7
Air at a condition of 300C DBT & 170C WBT & a barometric pr. Of 1050 mbar
enters an equipment where it undergoes a process of adiabatic
saturation the air leaving with a moisture content of 5g/kg higher than
what it was while entering . Calculate the following (a)moisture content
of the air entering the equipment (b) DBT & enthalpy of the air leaving
the equipment.

8
(a) Moist air is at 25 0C its DPT is 200C. The barometric pr. Is 755 mm of
Hg. What are the value of specific and relative humidities of the air ?
(b) if this air is cooled to 150C DBT & 50% RH what will be the
amount of total heat removed per unit mass of dry air? What will be the
corresponding amount of moisture removed?

9
(a) The Temp. of air entering an adiabatic saturator is 420C & that of air
leaving is 300C compute the humidity ratio & RH of the entering air.
(b) The conditions inside a room are 250C & 50% degree of
saturation. The inside surface temp of glass window is 100C will the
moisture condense from the room air upon the window glass?

10
On a particular day the atm air was found to have a DBT of 300C & WBT of
180C. The barometric pr. Was observed to be 756 mm of Hg. Obtain the
following value (a) RH (b) Sp humidity (c) DPT (d) enthalpy of air/kg of
dry air (e) volume of moisture per kg of dry air.

11
Obtain all psychrometric properties of air at 360C DBT & 200C WBT.
12
Determine the absolute humidity of the sample air having a DPT of 180C.

13
The DBT & DPT of ambient air are 400C & 140C reply. Determine the degree
of saturation of air also determine the RH.

Psychrometry with chart

1
The atm air is at 38 0C DBT & 1.01325 bar. If its thermodynamics WBT is 24 0C
determine: (a) the humidity ratio (sp.humidity) (b)sp. Enthalpy (c) DPT (d) RH
(e) sp. Volume.

2
Moist air , saturated at 10 0C flows over a heating coil at the rate of 500
m3/hr. Air leaves the coil at 40 0C. Plot the process on psychrometric chart &
determine (a) WBT of air (b) the sensible heat transferred in kw (c) the
total heat transferred in kw

3
Moist air of above example is poned over a heating coil having mean
effective temp of coil surface on 43 0C calculate the bypass factor of heating
coil.

4
. Moist air having DBT & WBT of 40°c & 20°c Respectively. flows over a
cooling coil at the rate of 7000 m²/hr. Finally it is cooled to 26°C DBT. Plot
the process on chart & determine (a) Final WBT of air (b) the total heat
 transferred in kw. It the cooling coil surface temp is 22°c, find the bypass
factor of the coil.

5. Moist air at 32°c DBT & 50% RH enters a cooling coil at 10000 m³/hr. It is
desired that the air leaving the coil has a DBT of 20°C & WBT of 18°C.
Determine the following (a) mean effective surface temp of the coil. (b)
Bypass factor of the coil (c) sensible heat factor of the coil (d) total heat
removed per kg of air (e) mass of vapour condensed.

6
Air enters a chamber at 10°C DBT & 5° C thermodynamic WBT at a rate of 100
cubic metre per min (cmm). The barometer reads a pr. of 1. 01325 bar.
While passing thro the chamber, the air absorbs sensible heat at the rote of
40 kw & picks up 45 kg/hr of saturated steam at 105°C. Determine the dry
& wet bulb temps. of the air leaving the chamber.

7
An air stream of 7000 m³/hr at a DBT of 27°C & humidity ratio of 0.010 kg / kg
of dry air is adiabatically mixed with 20,000 m³/hr of air having 35°C DBT
& 55% RH. Find DBT & WBT of the resulting mixture.

8
300 m³/min of moist air enters a refrigeration coil at 35°C DBT & 50% RH. The
ADP of the coil is 10°c ( the bypass factor is 0.15. Determine (a) the outlet
stock of moist air & (b) the cooling capacity of coil in TR.

9
500 m³/min of fresh air at 30° DBT & 50% RH is adiabatically mixed with 1000
m³/min of recirculated air at 22°C DBT & 10°C DPT. Calculate the enthalpy,
sp. volume, humidity ratio & final DBT of the mixture.

10
In a cooling application, moist air enters a refrigeration coil at the rate of 100
kg of air at 35°C DBT and 50% RH. The ADP of the coil is 5°C & bypass factor
is 0.15. Determine (a) the outlet state of moist air (b) the cooling capacity of
coil in TR.
 11
Room air at 20°C DBT & 60% RH is mixed with outdoor air at 40°C DBT & 40%
RH in the ratio 4:1 The mixture is passed throl a Cooling coil whose temp is
maintained at 9°C & whose bypass factor is 0.25. Find the following (a)
condition of air entering the coil (b) condition of air leaving the coil (c) If
250 m³/min of air is supplied to the room, find the refrigeration load on the
cooling coil.

12
A sling psychrometer reads 40°C DBT 28°C WBT, when atm pr. is 75 cm of Hg.
Calculate the following. (a) sp. humidity (b) Relative humidity (c) Dew point
temp (d) enthalpy (e) vapour density.

Experiment 06:

Comfort

Multiple Choice Questions

1 Comfort condition for human is:
a. 5 0C and 5% RH b. 20 0C and 70% RH
c. 30 0C and 100% RH d. one of above

Short Answer question

1
Describe humab comfort.

2
Explain comfort. chart.
3
Describe the thermoregulatory system of humans.

Experiment 07: Heating Cooling Load Calculation

Multiple Choice Questions

1. State which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) The purpose of psychrometric calculations is to fix the supply air conditions

b) The purpose of psychrometric calculations is to find the load on the building

c) In a 100% re-circulation system, the coil ADP is equal to room ADP

d) In a 100% re-circulation system, the coil ADP is less than room ADP
2. State which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) In a 100% re-circulation system, the load on coil is equal to the load on

building

b) In a system with outdoor air for ventilation, the load on building is greater
than the load on

coil

c) In a system with outdoor air for ventilation, the load on building is less than the
load on coil

d) In a system with outdoor air for ventilation, the Coil ADP is less than room ADP
3. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) Systems with reheat are used when the Room Sensible Heat Factor is low

b) Systems with reheat are used when the Room Sensible Heat Factor is high

c) When reheat coils are used, the required coil ADP can be increased

d) When reheat coils are used, the required supply airflow rate increase
4. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) External loads consist of only sensible components, where as internal loads

consist of both

sensible and latent components

b) Both external and internal loads consist of sensible as well as latent

components

c) Fabric heat gain consists of both sensible and latent components

d) Heat transfer due to occupancy consists of both sensible and latent

components
5. The sensible heat factor during the heating and humidification process is given by
(where h1 = Enthalpy of air entering the heating coil, h2 = Enthalpy of air leaving
the heating coil, and hA = Enthalpy of air at the end of humidification process)

a) b)

c) d)

6. The conditioned air supplied to the room must have the capacity to take up

room sensible heat load only

room latent heat load only

both room sensible heat and latent heat loads

none of the above

 7. The alignment circle is marked on the psychrometric chart at

20°C DBT and 50% RH

26°C DBT and 50% RH

20°C DBT and 60% RH

26°C DBT and 60% RH

8. In a spray washing system, if the temperature of water is higher than the dry bulb
temperature of entering air, then the air is

heated and dehumidified

heated and humidified

cooled and humidified

cooled and dehumidified

Short Answer question

1
Describe SHF, RHSF, GSHF

2
Explain bypass factor.

3
Write different loads acting on air conditioning systems.

4 Describe grill, registrar, throw.

5 ow is an air-conditioning system load estimated? Explain it fully

6 Explain the procedure to draw RSHF line on Psychrometric chart

when supply air conditions are not known.

7 For a sample of air having 22°C DBT, relative humidity 30 % at

barometric pressure of 760 mm of Hg. Calculate
 I. Vapour pressure

II. Humidity ratio

III. Vapour density

IV. Enthalpy.

8 An air conditioned auditorium is to be maintained at 27°C DBT and

60 % relative humidity. The ambient condition is 40°C DBT 30°C
WBT. The total sensible heat load is 1,00,000 KJ/hr and the total
latent heat load is 40,000 KJ/hr. 60 % of the return air is
re-circulated and mixed with 40 % of make up air after the cooling
coil. The condition for air leaving the cooling coil is at 18°C.

Determine

a. RSHF

b. The conditioned of air entering the auditorium

c. The amount of make air

d. Apparatus dew point and

e. Bypass factor of the cooling coil.

Show the process on the Psychrometric chart.

9 In an air- conditioning system, air at 28°C & 1.013 bar is drawn into
a building with a percentage saturation of 50%. It is required to
maintain the air in the building at 20°c & 40% RH. The total heat
gains to the room are 15 kw, & latent heat gains are 3 kw.
Calculate the temp to which the inlet air should be coded at the
cooling coil (assume a coil bypass factor of 0.2), the refrigerating
load & the heat input to the heater. The system requires 5 m³ of
fresh air per second & no air is recirculated.

10 Air initially at g°c dbt & -3°c dpt is heated to 17°C. It then flows
through an air washer in which Water continuously recirculates
without being heated or cooled. After leaving the air washer the
 air is reheated to final conde of 19°c dbt & 12°C WBT, Find (a)
wbt, & dbt for air leaving the water (b) healing req in each coil
per kg of dry air (c) by pass factor of air washer, & (d) efficiency
of the air washer.

11 A classroom for 60 students is to be air conditioned to 22°c dbt &

55% &, first by chemical dehumidification, & then cooling it by
passing it over a cooling coil. The outdoor conditions are 32°C
dbt & 22°C dpt. The quantity of fresh air read is 0.5
m³/min/student, find (a) dbt of air after dehumidifier (b)
capacity of the dehumidifier (C) ADP of cooling coil, assuming a
bypass factor of 0.3 (d) Capacity of the cooling coil.

12
One stream of air at 55 m³/min at 15°C & 60% flows into another
stream of an 35m³/min at 25°C & 70%. Calculate for the mixture
(a) dbt (b) wbt (c)Q & (d) w.

13 An air-conditioned room is maintained at a temp of 21°C & RH of

55% when the barometric pr. is 7400 mm of Hg. Calculate the
humidity ratio of air-water vapour mixture and the temp of the.
Inside of the windows in the room if moisture is just beginning to
form on them. What mass of water vapour per kg of dry air in the
200m must be removed from the mixture in order to prevent
condensation on the windows when their temp. drops to 4°c?
Calculate the initial RH to satisfy this cond. if the temp remains at
21°C. The barometric pr. remains constant.

14
In a bathroom, the water tap is accidentally left open & the room is
flooded with water. The air inside the room becomes saturated with
water vapour. It the air is at 40°c & I atm pr. determine (a) the
partial pr. of Water vapour in air (b) the humidity ratio of the air
inside the room & (c) dpt of air-water vapour mixture.

15 An auditorium of dimension 20x40x6 m has air with RH 60%. at l

atm and 30°C. Determine (a) the partial pr. of water vapour in
the air (b) the sp. humidity of air. (e) the mars of water vapour in
the auditorium &(d) the dpt. the Saturation pr. of water at 20°C,
25°C 30°c are 2.339, 3.169, 4.246 kpa respectively.
Long Answer question

1
An auditorium seats 1000 people. The space design conditions are
25°C and 50% RH. & outdoor design conditions 35°C DBT & 24°C
WBT. What is the cooling load due to ventilation? Assume
ventilation air per person to be 0.424 cmm

2
A hair salon shop has a sensible cooling load of 16 kW and latent
cooling load of 6.5 kW. The room conditions are to be maintained
at 25°C DBT 50% RH. If 56 cmm of supply air is furnished,
determine the required supply air DBT & WBT.

3
A Shop has a sensible Cooling load of 13.15 kw latent cooling load
of 4.4 kw. The shop is maintained at 25°C DBT 45% RH. Draw the
RSHF Line.

4
In an auditorium which is to be maintained at a temp not
exceeding 24°C & a RH not more than 60%, a sensible heat load of
132kw & 84 kg/hr of moisture have to be removed. Air is supplied
to the auditorium at 15°C. (a) how many kg of air per hour, must
be supplied (b) what is DPT of supply air & what is its RH?

5
(a) 28.5 cmm of 200m air at 25.5° (DBT 50% RH is mixed with
28.5 cmm of outside air at 38°C DBT and 27°C WBT. find the
ventilation load & the condition of air after mixing. (b)The above
mixed air is panned over a refrigerating coil. If the wet bulb temp
of air after equipment is 14.5 °C, determine the heat removed by
the equipment.
6
Room cond²: 26°C DBT, 19°C WAT Outside cand: 35°C DBT, 27°C
WBT. Room heat gains. Sensible heat. 11.1 kw, latent heat 3.9 kw.
The conditioned air supplied to the 200m is 50 cmm & 25% fresh
air & 75% recirculated zoom air. Find (a) DBT WBT of supply air
(b) DBT LWBT of mixed fresh and recirculated air before the
cooling coil (c) ADP & bypass factor of the coil. (d) the
refrigeration load on the cooling coil and the moisture removed by
the coil.

7
500 kg of air is supplied per min to an auditorium maintained at
21°C & 40%. R.M. The outside air at 5°C DBT & 60% RH is first
passed over heating coils and heated until its WBT is equal to the
room WBT. It is then passed through' an adiabatic Saturator & is
finally heated to 45°C before being supplied to room. Find: (a) the
heat added to both the heating coils. (b) the mass of water
evaporated in the air washer.

8
An air-conditioned space is maintained at 25°C DBT & 50%. RH.
The outside conditions are 40°C DBT & 25°C WBT The space has a
sensible heat gain of 24.5 kw. Conditioned air is supplied to the
space as saturated air at 10°c. The equipment consists of an air
washer. The air entering the air washer comprises 25%. outside
air. Calculate: (a) Volume flow rate of air supplied to space. (b)
latent heat gain of space. (c) cooling load of air Washer.

9
Data! Room conditions 26.5°C DBT & 50% RH. Room Sensible heat
gain = 26.3 kw, RSHF = 0.82. Find (a) the room latent heat gain (6)
ADP (c) cmm of air if it is supplied to the room at ADP (d) cmm &
sp. humidity of air if it is supplied to the room at 17°C.

10
A hall is to be maintained at 24°C DBT & 60% RH under the
following conditions. Outdoor cond: 38°c DBT, 28°c WBT. Room
SH load 46.4kw, Room LH load = 11.6 kw. Quantity of infiltration =
1200 m³/hr, ADP = 10°c, Quantity of recirculated air = 60%.. If the
quantity of recirculated air is mixed with conditioned air after the
coding load, find the following SH gain from other sources air
 infiltration air = 15w21. If 25%. of fresh air & 75%. recirculated
air is mixed and passed wi thro' the conditioner coil, find the
following (a) condition of air leaving the coil (b) cond of air
entering the hall (c) the mass flow rate of air entering the cooler
(d) the mass flow rate of total are passing thro the hall (e) bypass
factor (f) the refrigeration load on the cooling coil in TR.

11
An are conditioning system is to be designed for a restaurant with
the following data: Outside design cond² = 40°C OBT, 28°C WBT
Inside design cond² = 25°C DBT, 50% RH, Solar heat goi's third
walls, roof, floor = 5.87 kw Solar heat gain through glass = 5.52kw,
Occupants = 25. SH gain per person = 58W, Lt gain per person =
60w Internal lighting load = 15 lamps of room & 10 tubes of 80w.
cond of supply ate to the room (c) the amount of total air required
in m³/hr (d) the capacity of the conditioning plant.”

1. An air conditioning System is designed for industrial process for hot & wet
summer conditions:

Outdoor Condition: 30OC DBT at 75% RH

Required condition :22o C DBT and 70% RH

Amount of free air circulated is 200 CMM

Coil DPT is 14oC

The required condition is achieved first by cooling and dehumidification and

then by heating. Find the following:

1. The Cooling capacity of coil and its bypass factor.

2. Heating capacity of heating coil in KW and surface temperature if bypass

factor is 0.2
2. Following data relates to the office air conditioning plant having maximum
seating capacity of 25 occupants :

Outside design conditions = 34°C DBT, 28°C WBT

Inside design conditions = 24°C DBT, 50% RH

Solar heat gain = 9120W

Latent heat gain/occupant = 105W

Sensible heat gain/occupant = 90W

Lightening load = 2300W

Sensible heat load from other sources = 11630 W

Infiltration load = 14 m3/min.

Assuming 40% fresh air and 60% re-circulated air passing through the
evaporator coil and the bypass factor of 0.15, find the dew point temperature of
the coil.
3. A building has the following calculated cooling loads

RSH=310 KW,RLH=100KW

The space is maintained at the following questions

Room DBT=250 C and room RH 50%

Outdoor air is at 280C and 50% RH. and 10% of air by mass is supplied to the
building is out door air.

If the air supplied to the space is not to be at a temperature lower that 180C Find,

1. Minimum amount of air supplied to space in M3/S.

2. Capacity of cooling Coil.

3. Bypass factor.

Experiment:08
 Air distribution system

Multiple Choice Questions

1 Human beings need air conditioning as

They continuously dissipate heat due to metabolic activity

Body regulatory mechanisms need stable internal temperatures

Efficiency improves under controlled conditions

All of the above

2 Which of the following statements are TRUE?

The metabolic rate depends mainly on age of the human being

The metabolic rate depends mainly on the activity level of the human being

The metabolic rate depends mainly on the sex of the human being

All of the above

3 Which of the following statements are TRUE?

To maintain thermal comfort, the DBT of air should be increased as its moisture
content increases

To maintain thermal comfort, the DBT of air should be decreased as air velocity
increases

To maintain thermal comfort, the DBT of air should be increased as the

temperature of the surrounding surfaces decrease

All of the above

4 Which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) Effective temperature combines the affects of dry bulb temperature and air
velocity into a single index

b)Effective temperature combines the affects of dry bulb temperature and wet
bulb temperature into a single index

c) Mean radiant temperature combines the affects of dry bulb temperature and
surrounding surface temperature into a single index

d) Operative temperature combines the affects of dry bulb temperature and mean
radiant temperature into a single index
5 Which of the following statements are TRUE?
a) In winter air conditioning systems, heated and dehumidified air is
supplied to the
conditioned space
b) In winter air conditioning systems, heated and humidified air is supplied
to the conditioned space
c) A pre-heater is recommended in winter air conditioning systems to
improve overall efficiency of the system
d) A pre-heater is recommended in winter air conditioning systems to
prevent freezing of water in the humidifier and for better control

6 Selection of a suitable air conditioning system depends on

Type of the building

Initial and running costs

Reliability and serviceability

All of the above

 7 State which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) Under ideal conditions, the static pressure through an air conditioning duct
remains constant

b) Under ideal conditions, the total pressure through an air conditioning duct
remains constant

c) A fan is required in an air conditioning duct to overcome static pressure loss

d) A fan is required in an air conditioning duct to overcome total pressure loss

8 State which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) In a duct of uniform cross section, the static pressure remains constant

b) In a duct of uniform cross section, the static pressure decreases along length

c) In a duct of uniform cross section, the total pressure decreases along length

d) In a duct of uniform cross section, the dynamic pressure remains constant

9 State which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) The pressure drop in an air conditioning duct is due to frictional effects

b) The pressure drop in an air conditioning duct is due to friction as well as

momentum change

c) Frictional pressure drop increases with duct length

d) Momentum pressure drop takes place over relatively short lengths

10 Rectangular ducts are generally preferred over circular ducts in buildings as

a) For a given flow rate, the pressure drop is less compared to a circular duct

b) For a given pressure drop, it requires less material compared to a circular duct

c) Rectangular ducts are easier to fabricate

d) Rectangular ducts match better with building profile

Long Answer question

1
Explain following systems:
-Room air conditioner,
-Chilled water system,
-DX system,
-Air handling unit,
-Desert coolers,
-Air Washers.

2
Explain Duct design method, Equal friction method, Velocity reduction
method, Static regain method.

3
Types of fans used in Air conditioner

4
Short note on Grills, Register, Diffuser.

5 Develop an expression for Equivalent diameter of rectangular duct.

6 Draw neat diagram of comfort chart & explain effective temperature.

7 Write down general rules in designing the duct

8 Explain the terms-

a.Aspect Ratio

b. Equivalent Diameter

c. Dynamic Pressure

d. Draft
9 Describe (write a note on) the thermal exchange of human body &
Environment.
10 Discuss the factors affecting thermal balance between human body &
environments

Short Answer Questions

.
1 Explain with necessary conditions comfort chart.

2 Explain in detail methods of duct design.

3 Write a note on classification of ducts.

4 What do you understand by cooling load and heating load ? Explain the

components of cooling load.

5 With neat sketch explain the Comfort chart.

6 State and explain the factors affecting human comfort.

7 What are the different methods of duct design ? Explain velocity reduction

method in details.
8 What are the different factors considered in load estimation sheet for
comfort application?
9 What is effective temperature? Explain factors affecting it.

10 Describe the different methods of air conditioning duct design. Why are
dampers required in some systems ?

EXTRA

Psychrometry (Mixed Problems)

1. Show the state of atm air on psychrometric Chart and read all those properties which
can be read from this Chart when air is at (a) t=32°C & Q = 0.6 (b) t =32°c & dew pt
 temp = 10°C 8 (c) t=32°c & h= 50 kr/kg. Also Compare these values with those obtained
from mathematical relations. Assume barometric pr. Is std atm pr, 1.01325 bar.

2. Moist air enters a refrigeration coil at 30°C dbt & 60% RH at the rate of 200 m³/min at
std atm. pr. It leaves the Coil at 25°C. Calculate the tons of refrigeration required and the
final Q

3. Air initially at g°c dbt & -3°c dpt is heated to 17°C. It then flows through an air washer in
which Water continuously recirculates without being heated or cooled. After leaving the
air washer the air is reheated to final conde of 19°c dbt & 12°C WBT, Find (a) wbt, & dbt
for air leaving the water (b) healing req in each coil per kg of dry air (c) by pass factor of
air washer, & (d) efficiency of the air washer.

4. A classroom for 60 students is to be air conditioned to 22°c dbt & 55% &, first by
chemical dehumidification, & then cooling it by passing it over a cooling coil. The
outdoor conditions are 32°C dbt & 22°C dpt. The quantity of fresh air read is 0.5
m³/min/student, find (a) dbt of air after dehumidifier (b) capacity of the dehumidifier
(C) ADP of cooling coil, assuming a bypass factor of 0.3 (d) Capacity of the cooling coil.

5. One stream of air at 55 m³/min at 15°C & 60% flows into another stream of an
35m³/min at 25°C & 70%. Calculate for the mixture (a) dbt (b) wbt (c)Q & (d) w.

6. An air-conditioned room is maintained at a temp of 21°C & RH of 55% when the

barometric pr. is 7400 mm of Hg. Calculate the humidity ratio of air-water vapour
mixture and the temp of the. Inside of the windows in the room if moisture is just
beginning to form on them. What mass of water vapour per kg of dry air in the 200m
must be removed from the mixture in order to prevent condensation on the windows
when their temp. drops to 4°c? Calculate the initial RH to satisfy this cond. if the temp
remains at 21°C. The barometric pr. remains constant.

7. In a bathroom, the water tap is accidentally left open & the room is flooded with water.
The air inside the room becomes saturated with water vapour. It the air is at 40°c & I
atm pr. determine (a) the partial pr. of Water vapour in air (b) the humidity ratio of the
air inside the room & (c) dpt of air-water vapour mixture.

8. In an air- conditioning system, air at 28°C & 1.013 bar is drawn into a building with a
percentage saturation of 50%. It is required to maintain the air in the building at 20°c &
40% RH. The total heat gains to the room are 15 kw, & latent heat gains are 3 kw.
Calculate the temp to which the inlet air should be coded at the cooling coil (assume a
coil bypass factor of 0.2), the refrigerating load & the heat input to the heater. The
system requires 5 m³ of fresh air per second & no air is recirculated
9. An auditorium of dimension 20x40x6 m has air with RH 60%. at l atm and 30°C.
Determine (a) the partial pr. of water vapour in the air (b) the sp. humidity of air. (e) the
mars of water vapour in the auditorium &(d) the dpt. the Saturation pr. of water at 20°C,
25°C 30°c are 2.339, 3.169, 4.246 kpa respectively

10. An air conditioner delivers 2 m³ of air at 5%, which is completely saturated with water
vapour. If this air is mixed with 5m³ of air at 35°C & 40% RH in a room, determine the
temp, sp. humidity and RH of air after mixing.

Unit 04: VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM

Multiple Choice Questions

1 In absorption refrigeration systems, the compressor of vapour compression

systems is replaced by

Absorber

Generator

Pump

All of the above

2 In a triple fluid vapour absorption refrigeration system, the hydrogen gas is used
to

Improve system performance

Reduce the partial pressure of refrigerant in evaporator

Circulate the refrigerant

Provide a vapour seal

3 Compared to compression systems, absorption systems offer the benefits of

Higher COPs

Lower refrigeration temperatures

Possibility of using low-grade energy sources

All of the above

4 Absorption of the refrigerant by the absorbent in a vapour absorption
refrigeration system is accompanied by

Absorption of heat

Release of heat

No thermal effects

Reduction in volume
5 Presence of water vapour in the refrigerant circuit of a NH3-H2O system

a) Increases evaporator temperature

b) Increases circulation ratio

c) Leads to non-isothermal heat transfer in evaporator and condenser

d) All of the above

6 Compared to H2O-LiBr systems, a NH3-H2O system

a) Requires additional components due to the requirement of rectification

b) Yields higher COP

c) Yields lower COP

d) Increases design complexity and system cost

7 Compared to compression systems, the performance of absorption systems

a) Is very sensitive to evaporator temperature b) Is not sensitive to load

variations

c) Does not depend very much on evaporator superheat d) All of the

above
8 Compared to compression systems, absorption systems

a) Contain very few moving parts b) Require regular maintenance

c) Offer less noise and vibration d) Are compact for large capacities
9 In aqua-ammonia and Lithium-bromide water absorption refrigeration systems,
the refrigerants are respectively

water and water

water and lithium bromide

ammonia and lithium bromide

ammonia and water

1 In a three fluid vapour absorption refrigeration system, the hydrogen gas is used
to

a) Improve system performance

b) Reduce the partial pressure of refrigerant in evaporator

c) Circulate the refrigerant

d) Provide a vapour seal

1 In the Aqua-Ammonia vapour absorption system, which is used as absorbent

Aqua

Ammonia

Air

none
1 How many refrigerants are used in Two stage Cascade refrigeration systems ?

one

two

three

four
1 Which is the three fluid vapour absorption system ?

Aqua-Ammonia

Li Br-Aqua

Electrolux

Kelvinator

05. PSYCHROMETRY

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) The maximum amount of moisture air can hold depends upon its temperature
and barometric pressure

b) Perfect gas model can be applied to air-water mixtures when the total pressure
is high

c) The minimum number of independent properties to be specified for fixing the

state of moist air is two

d) The minimum number of independent properties to be specified for fixing the

state of moist air is three
2. Which of the following statements are TRUE?
a) When the dry bulb temperature is equal to dew point temperature, the
relative humidity of air-water mixture is 1.0

b) All specific psychrometric properties of moist air are based on unit mass of
water vapour

c) All specific psychrometric properties of moist air are based on unit mass of dry
air

d) All specific psychrometric properties of moist air are based on unit mass of
moist air
3. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) Thermodynamic WBT is a property of moist air, while WBT as measured by wet

bulb thermometer is not a property

b) Both the thermodynamic WBT and WBT as measured by wet bulb

thermometer are properties of moist air

c) Under no circumstances, dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures are equal

d) Wet bulb temperature is always lower than dry bulb temperature, but higher
than dew point temperature
4. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) During sensible cooling of air, both dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures
decrease

b) During sensible cooling of air, dry bulb temperature decreases but wet bulb
temperature remains constant

c) During sensible cooling of air, dry and wet bulb temperatures decrease but
dew point temperature remains constant

d) During sensible cooling of air, dry bulb, wet bulb and dew point temperatures
decrease
5. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) The sensible heat factor for a sensible heating process is 1.0

b) The sensible heat factor for a sensible cooling process is 0.0

c) Sensible heat factor always lies between 0.0 and 1.0

d) Sensible heat factor is low for air conditioning plants operating in humid
climates
6. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) As the by-pass factor (BPF) of the cooling coil increases, temperature difference
between air at the outlet of the coil and coil ADP decreases

b) The BPF of the coil increases as the velocity of air through the coil increases

c) The BPF of the coil increases as the fin pitch increases

d) The BPF of the coil decreases as the number of rows in the flow direction
increase
7. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

During cooling and humidification process, the enthalpy of air decreases

During cooling and humidification process, the enthalpy of air increases

During cooling and humidification process, the enthalpy of air remains constant

During cooling and humidification process, the enthalpy of air may increase,
decrease or remain constant depending upon the temperature of the wet surface
8. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) In an air washer, water has to be externally cooled if the temperature at which

it is sprayed is equal to the dry bulb temperature of air

b) In an air washer, water has to be externally heated if the temperature at which

it is sprayed is equal to the dry bulb temperature of air

c) In an air washer, if water is simply recirculated, then the enthalpy of air

remains nearly constant at steady state
 d) In an air washer, if water is simply recirculated, then the moisture content of
air remains nearly constant at steady state
9. Which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) Evaporative cooling systems are attractive for hot and humid climates

b) Evaporative cooling systems are attractive for hot and dry climates

c) Evaporative cooling systems are ideal for comfort applications

d) Evaporative cooling systems are ideal for several industrial applications

1 Which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) In a direct evaporative cooling system, the lowest possible temperature is the

wet bulb temperature corresponding to the outdoor air

b) In a direct evaporative cooling system, the lowest possible temperature is the

dew point temperature corresponding to the outdoor air

c) In a direct evaporative cooling system, cooled and humidified air is supplied to

the

conditioned space

d) In a direct evaporative cooling system, cooled and dehumidified air is supplied

to the conditioned space
1 Which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) When humidification is done using an air washer, the temperature of air drops
during humidification

b)When humidification is done using an air washer, the temperature of air rises
during humidification

c)When humidification is carried out by adding dry steam, the temperature of air
remains close to the WBT of entering air

d)When humidification is carried out by adding dry steam, the temperature of air
remains close to the DBT of entering air
1 The air flow rate in air-conditioning is controlled by

register

dampers

grills

none of above
1 The temperature at which moist air starts condensing is known as

Dry bulb temperature

Super dry temperature

wet bulb temperature

dew point temperature

1 For which of the following process, the Sensible Heat Factor (SHF) is one ?

sensible heating

humidification

dehumidification

none
1 The wet bulb temperature during sensible heating of air

remains constant

increases

decreases

Can’t Predict
1 The difference between dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature, is called
dry bulb depression

wet bulb depression

dew point depression

degree of saturation

Long Answer Questions

1 What is By-pass factor? Explain its use.

2 In laboratory test a psychrometer recorded dry bulb temperature as 350C & Wet
bulb temperature 280C. Calculate-

a. Vapour Pressure

b. R.H.

c. Degree of Saturation
d. DPT
3 A sample of moist air has DBT of 430C & WBT of 290C.Calculate the following
making use of psychrometric Chart.
1. Partial Pressure of water vapour.
2. Specific Humidity.
3. Relative Humidity
4. Dew Point Temperature
5. Humid Specific Heat
6. Enthalpy.
4 A sling psychrometer records 35°C Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) and

25°C Wet Bulb Temperature (WBT). Calculate the following psychrometry

properties without using psychrometry chart :

i) specific humidity,

ii) relative humidity,

iii) Dew Point Temperature (DPT) and

iv) enthalpy
5 Atmospheric air at 40°C dry bulb temperature and 18°C weight bulb temperature
is flowing at the rate of 100 m3/min through the space. Water at 18°C is injected
into the air stream at the rate of 48 kg/hr. Determine the specific humidity and
enthalpy of the leaving air. Also determine the dry bulb, weight bulb temperature
and relative humidity of the leaving air.
6 A sample of air has DBT & WBT of 350 C & 250 C Respectively. The barometric
pressure is 760 mm of Hg. Determine-

a. Water Vapour Pressure

b. Specific Humidity

c.DPT

d. Enthalpy.
7 A sample of moist air has DBT of 430C & WBT of 290C.Calculate the following
without making use of psychrometric Chart.
1. Partial Pressure of water vapour.
2. Specific Humidity.
3. Relative Humidity
4. Dew Point Temperature
5. Humid Specific Heat
6. Enthalpy.
 8 A sample of air has DBT & WBT of 350 C & 250 C Respectively. The barometric
pressure is 760 mm of Hg.

Determine-

a. Water Vapour Pressure

b. Specific Humidity

c.DPT

d. Enthalpy.

On a particular day, a sling psychrometer reads 30°C os dbt & 20°c as wbt.
Determine the humidity ratio.
9 On a particular day, the atmospheric air was found to have DBT of 30°C and WBT
of 18°C. The barometric pressure was observed to be 756 mm Hg.

Obtain following :

i) Relative humidity

ii) Specific humidity

iii) DPT

iv) Enthalpy of air per kg of dry air.

1 Define following :

i) Bypass factor

ii) ADP

iii) SHF.
Short answer questions
1 For DBT of 38°C and RH of 70%, Calculate the following for air if barometric
pressure is 1 bar.

i. Specific Humidity

ii. Enthalpy of Air

iii. DPT

iv. Partial pressure of dry air.

Data :

Saturati Absol Enthalpy Entropy (KJ/KgK)

on ute (KJ/Kg)
Temp. Pressu
(0c) re
(bar) h h h S S S

f f g f f g
g g
30 0.04 125. 2430. 2556 0.4 8.016 8.45
25 8 1 .3 37 3
31 0.04 130. 2428. 2558 0.4 7.982 8.43
50 0 1 .1 51 3
32 0.04 134. 2425. 2559 0.4 7.948 8.41
76 2 7 .9 64 3
33 0.05 138. 2423. 2561 0.4 7.915 8.39
03 3 4 .7 78 3
38 0.06 159. 2411. 2570 0.5 7.749 8.29
63 2 5 .7 46 5

1. An air conditioner delivers 2 m³ of air at 5%, which is completely saturated

with water vapour. If this air is mixed with 5m³ of air at 35°C & 40% RH in a
room, determine the temp, sp. humidity and RH of air after mixing.
1. Show the state of atm air on psychrometric Chart and read all those properties
which can be read from this Chart when air is at (a) t=32°C & Q = 0.6 (b) t
=32°c & dew pt temp = 10°C 8 (c) t=32°c & h= 50 kr/kg. Also Compare these
values with those obtained from mathematical relations. Assume barometric
pr. Is std atm pr, 1.01325 bar.
 2.

Moist air enters a refrigeration coil at 30°C dbt & 60% RH at the rate of 200
m³/min at std atm. pr. It leaves the Coil at 25°C. Calculate the tons of
refrigeration required and the final Q
1 Write a short note on-Bypass factor of the cooling coil.
1 Atmospheric air at 30°C DBT and 75% RH enters a cooling coil at the rate of 200
CMM. The coil dew point temperature is 14°C and bypass factor of coil is 0.1. Find :

i) Temperature of air leaving cooling coil

ii) Capacity of cooling coil in ToR.

1 Define:

i) RSHF ii) ESHF iii) By pass factor.

1 For a DBT of 38°C and RH of 70%. Calculate the following for air if barometric
pressure is 1 bar.

i) Specific humidity ii) Enthalpy of air

iii) DPT iv) Partial pressure of dry air.

1 Obtain following psychrometric properties of moist air at 36°C and 20°C WBT
without using psychrometric chart.

1) Vapour pressure

2) Sp. Humidity

3) Relative Humidity

4) Vapour density.
1 Define Following terms-
a. DBT
b. WBT
c. Specific Humidity.
d. DPT
1 Define the following terms,
1) Bypass factor 2)ADP
3) Relative Humidity 4)Thermodynamic wet bulb temp.
 1 Define the following terms :

I. Degree of saturation

II. Specific humidity

III. Dew point temperature

IV. Relative humidity

2 Write a note on sling psychrometer
2 Write a note on air washer and its applications.
2 Explain air-washer. Also show the possible psychrometric processes.

Unit 06: HEATING & COOLING LOAD CALCULATION

Unit07: COMFORT CONDITIONS & AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

5 From ASHRAE comfort chart it is observed that

a) Lower dry bulb temperatures and higher moisture content are recommended
for winter

b) Lower dry bulb temperatures and lower moisture content are recommended
for winter

c) Lower dry bulb temperatures and higher moisture content are recommended
for summer

d) Higher dry bulb temperatures and higher moisture content are recommended
for summer
1 State which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) Dynamic pressure drop in an elbow of rectangular aspect ratio increases

b) Use of turning vanes increase the aspect ratio

c) Compared to sudden enlargement, the dynamic pressure drop in sudden

contraction is less

d) Compared to sudden enlargement, the dynamic pressure drop in sudden

contraction is more
1 State which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) The static regain factor always lies between 0 and 1

b) The static regain factor is 0 for an ideal enlargement

c) The static regain factor is 1 for an ideal enlargement

d) In an actual enlargement, reduction in dynamic pressure is always greater

increase in static pressure
1 State which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) The air conditioning duct should have high aspect ratio for good performance

b) If the air conditioning duct is diverging, then the angle of divergence should be
as small as possible to reduce pressure loss

c) To minimize noise and vibration, air should flow with a low velocity

d) All of the above

1 State which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) High air velocity in ducts results in lower initial costs but higher operating
costs

b) Higher air velocities may result in acoustic problems

c) Air velocities as high as 30 m/s are used in residential systems

d) Low air velocities are recommended for recording studios

 1 State which of the following statements are TRUE?

If not done properly, the velocity method gives rise to large sized ducts

In equal friction method, dampering is not required

In static regain method, dampering is required

All of the above

1 State which of the following statements are TRUE?

a) The purpose of an air distribution system is to maintain comfort conditions in

the entire conditioned space

b) The purpose of an air distribution system is to maintain comfort conditions in

the occupied zone of the conditioned space

c) The effective draft temperature depends on dry bulb temperature and relative
humidity of air

d) The effective draft temperature depends on dry bulb temperature and velocity
of air

Short answer questions

1

1
 1

1 What do you understand by static and velocity pressure in duct?

1 What is pressure loss in duct? Explain static regain method.

1 What do you understand by ventilation? Explain how it is determined.

2 Write a note on ventilation its objectives and requirements.

2 Give types and uses of outlet diffusers, dampers used in AC system.

2 Write down general rules in designing the duct

2 Explain Equal Friction Method of duct design

11.