Weber, M. J.

“Appendices”
Handbook of Laser Wavelengths.
Ed. Marvin J. Weber
Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999
 Appendices

Appendix 1. Abbreviations, Acronyms, Initialisms, and Common

Names for Types and Structures of Lasers and
Amplifiers
Appendix 2. Abbreviations, Acronyms, Initialisms, and
Mineralogical or Common Names for Solid-State
Laser Materials
Appendix 3. Fundamental Physical Constants

 1999 by CRC PRESS LLC

 APPENDIX 1

Abbreviations, Acronyms, Initialisms, and Common Names

for Types and Structures of Lasers and Amplifiers

APM — additive pulse mode-locked (laser)

ASE — amplified spontaneous emission
ASRL — anti-Stokes Raman laser
AWI — amplification without inversion
BC — buried crescent (laser)
BFA — Brillouin fiber amplifier
BGSL — broken-gap superlattice (laser structure)
BH — buried heterostructure (laser)
BIG — bundle-integrated-guide (laser)
BOG — buried optical guide (laser)
BRS — buried ridge structure (laser)
BVSIS — buried V-groove substrate inner stripe (laser)
C3 — cleaved coupled cavity (laser)
CBH — circular buried heterostructure (laser)
CC-CDH — current confined constricted double hetrostructure (laser)
CCGSE — concentric-circle grating surface emitting (laser)
CCL — color center laser
CDH — constricted double heterostructure (laser)
CEL — correlated emission laser
CMBH — capped-mesa buried-heterostructure (laser)
COIL — chemical oxygen-iodine laser
CPA — chirped pulse amplification
CPM — colliding-pulse mode-locked (laser)
CPM — corrugation-pitch-modulated (laser)
CRL — compact rugged laser
CSP — channeled-substrate planar (laser)
CVL — copper vapor laser
CW — continuous wave (laser)
D3 — directly doubled diode (laser system)
DASAR — darkness amplification by stimulated absorption of radiation
DBR — distributed Bragg reflector (laser)
DC — direct current (continuous output)
DCFL — double clad fiber laser
DCPBH — double channel planar buried heterostructure (laser)
DDS — deep-diffuse stripe (laser)

 1999 by CRC PRESS LLC

 Appendix 1—continued

Abbreviations, Acronyms, Initialisms, and Common Names

for Types and Structures of Lasers and Amplifiers

DD-WGM — dye-doped whispering galley mode (laser)

DFB — distributed feedback (laser)
DFC — distributed forward coupled (laser)
DH — double-heterostructure (laser)
DPL — diode-pumped laser
DPSSL — diode-pumped solid-state laser
DQW — double quantum well (laser)
DR — distributed reflector (laser)
DS — diffused stripe (laser)
DSM — dynamic-single-mode (laser)
ECDL — external cavity diode laser
EDFA — erbium-doped fiber amplifier
EEDL — edge-emitting diode laser
EFA — erbium fiber amplifier
EML — electroabsorption modulated laser
ESA-FEL — electrostatic-accelerator free-electron laser
ETDL — energy transfer dye laser
ETU — energy transfer upconversion (laser)
excimer — excited dimer (laser)
F-(center) — Farbe, German word for color (laser)
FCSEL — folded-cavity surface-emitting laser
FEDL — flashlamp-excited dye laser
FEL — free electron laser
FEM — free-electron maser
FG-ECL — fiber-grating external-cavity laser
FSFL — frequency-shifted feedback laser
GC — grating coupled (laser)
GDL — gas dynamic laser
GRINSCH — graded-index separate confinement heterojunction (laser)
GSE — grating-surface-emitting (laser)
GVL — gold vapor laser
HAP — high average power (laser)
HDL — homodyne laser
HEL — high enery laser
HENE — He-Ne (gas laser)
HPP — high peak power (laser)
HRO — heteroepitaxial ridge overgrown (laser)

 1999 by CRC PRESS LLC

 Appendix 1—continued

Abbreviations, Acronyms, Initialisms, and Common Names

for Types and Structures of Lasers and Amplifiers

ICF — inertial confinement fusion (laser)

LASER — light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
LD — laser diode
LEC — long external cavity (laser)
LM-MQW — lattice-matched multiple quantum well (laser)
LWI — lasing without inversion
MASELA — matrix-addressable surface-emitting-laser array
MASER — microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
MCS — modified channeled substrate (laser)
MDC — mirror dispersion controlled (oscillator)
MDR — morphology-dependent resonance (laser)
MIH — monolithically-integrated hybrid (laser)
MO — master oscillator
MOFPA — master oscillator-fiber power amplifier
MOPA — master oscillator power amplifier
MOPO — master oscillator power oscillator
MPL — microgun-pumped laser
MQB — multi-quantum barrier (laser)
MQW — multiple quantum well (laser )
MVL — metal vapor laser
NDFA — neodymium fiber amplifier
NDPL — nuclear device pumped laser
NPL — nuclear-pumped laser
OCL — optical confinement layer (laser)
OPA — optical parametric amplifier
OPAL — optical parametric amplifier laser
OPO — optical parametric oscillator
OPOL — optical parametric oscillator laser
OPPO — optical parametric power oscillator
OPS — optically pumped semiconductor (laser)
PBC — p-type buried crescent (laser)
PBC — planar buried crescent (laser)
PBH — planar burried heterostructure (laser)
PCSEL — planar cavity surface-emitting laser
PDFFA — praseodymium-doped fluoride fiber amplifier
PIL — photolylic iodine laser
PINSCH — periodic-index separate-confinement heterostructure (laser)

 1999 by CRC PRESS LLC

 Appendix 1—continued

Abbreviations, Acronyms, Initialisms, and Common Names

for Types and Structures of Lasers and Amplifiers

PLC — planar lightwave circuit (laser)

POFA — polymer optical fiber amplifier
POWA — planar optical waveguide amplifier
PRFA — praseodymium fiber amplifier
QB — quantum box (laser)
QC — quantum cascade (laser)
QCL — quantum cascade laser
QD — quantum dot (laser)
QF — quantum film (laser)
QW — quantum well (laser)
QW — quantum wire (laser)
QWH — quantum well heterostructure (laser)
QWR — quantum well ridge (laser)
QWS — quantum well structure (laser )
RFA — Raman fiber amplifier
RGH — rare gas halide (laser)
RPL — reactor pumped laser
RS — Raman-shifted (laser)
RW — ridge waveguide (laser)
SASE — self-amplified spontaneous emission
SB-BGSL — strain-balanced BGSL (laser structure)
SBL — space based laser
SBS — stimulated Brillouin scattering (amplifier)
SCBH — separate confinement buried heterostructure (laser)
SCH — separate carrier heterostructure (laser)
SCH — separate confinement heterostructure (laser)
SCL — semiconductor laser
SCLA — semiconductor laser amplifier
SDL — semiconductor diode laser
SE — surface-emitting (laser)
SEL — surface-emitting laser
SELD — surface-emitting laser diode
SELDA — surface-emitting laser diode array
SIPBH — semi-insulating planar buried heterostructure (laser)
SL — superlattice (laser structure)
SLA — semiconductor laser amplifier
SL-MQW — strained-layer multiple quantum well (laser)

 1999 by CRC PRESS LLC

 Appendix 1—continued

Abbreviations, Acronyms, Initialisms, and Common Names

for Types and Structures of Lasers and Amplifiers

SLS — strained-layer superlattice (laser structure)

SM — submillimeter (laser)
SOA — semiconductor optical amplifier
SP-APM — stretched-pulse additive pulse mode-locked (laser)
SPL — short pulse laser
SPML — synchronously-pumped mode-locked (laser)
SPPO — synchronously pumped parametric oscillator
SQW — single quantum well (laser)
SRS — stimulated Raman scattering (amplifier)
SSL — serpentine superlattice (laser structure)
SSQW — strained single quantum well laser
SXR — soft x-ray (laser)
T2QWL — type II quantum well laser
T3 — tabletop-terawatt (laser)
TAL — thin active layer (laser)
TAPS — tapered stripe (laser)
TCL — taper coupled laser
TCSM — twin-channel substrate mesa (laser)
T-cubed — tabletop terawatt (laser)
TDL — tunable diode laser
TEA — tranverse excited atmospheric pressure (laser)
TFR — tightly folded resonator (laser)
TIE — tunable interdigital electrode (DBR laser)
TJS — transverse junction stripe (laser)
TRS — twin-ridge structure (laser)
TTW-SLA — traveling wave semiconductor laser amplifier
UCL — upconversion laser
VCSEL — vertical cavity surface-emitting laser
VECOD — vertical-coupled quantum dot (laser)
VLD — visible laser diode
VSIS — V-channeled substrate inner stripe (laser)
VSQW — variable-strained quantum well (laser)
WDM — wavelength-division multiplexing
WGM — whispering galley mode (laser)
YAG — yttrium aluminum garnet (laser host crystal)
YDFA — ytterbium-doped fiber amplfier
YLF — yttrium lithium fluoride (laser host crystal)

 1999 by CRC PRESS LLC

 Appendix 1—continued

Abbreviations, Acronyms, Initialisms, and Common Names

for Types and Structures of Lasers and Amplifiers

YVO — yttrium vanadate (laser host crystal)

Z-laser — zone laser (self-focusing)

 1999 by CRC PRESS LLC

 APPENDIX 2

Abbreviations, Acronyms, Initialisms, and Mineralogical or Common

Names for Solid State Laser Materials*

alexandrite — chromium-doped chryoberyl (BeAl2O 4)

BEL — lanthanum beryllate (La2 Be 2 O 5 )
BLGO — barium lanthanum gallate (BaLaGa3 O 7 )
BYF — barium yttrium fluoride (BaY2F 8)
CNGG — calcium niobium gallium garnet (Ca3[NbLiGa]5O 12)
colquiriite — lithium calcium aluminum fluoride (LiCaAlF6)
CTH:YAG — Cr,Tm,Ho:Y3Al5O 12
emerald — chromium-doped beryl (Be3Al2Si6O 18)
FAP — calcium fluoroapatite (Ca5 [PO 4 ]3 F)
forsterite — magnesium silicate (Mg2 SiO 4 )
GGG — gadolinium gallium garnet (Gd3Ga 5O 12)
GSGG — gadolinium scandium gallium garnet (Gd3Sc2Ga 3O 12)
HAP — high-average-power (laser glass)
LiCAF — lithium calcium aluminum fluoride (LiCaAlF6)
LiSAF — lithium scandium aluminum fluoride (LiScAlF6)
LMA — lanthanum magnesium hexaluminate (LaMgAl11O 19)
LSB — lanthanum scandium borate [LaSc3(BO 3)4]
NYAB — neodymiun yttrium aluminum borate NdxY 1-xAl3(BO3)4
ruby — Cr-doped aluminum oxide (Al2O 3)
S–FAP — strontium fluoroapatite [Sr5(PO4)3F]
silica — silicon dioxide (amorphous)
S–VAP — strontium vanadium fluoroapatite [Sr5(VO4)3F]
Ti:sapphire — titanium-doped aluminum oxide (Al2O 3)
YAB — yttrium aluminum borate [YAl3(BO3)4]
YAG — yttrium aluminum garnet (Y3Al5O 12)
YALO — yttrium aluminate (YAlO3)
YAP — yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAlO3)
YBF — yttrium barium fluoride (Y2BaF 8)
YGG — yttrium gallium garnet (Y3Ga 5O 12)
YLF — yttrium lithium fluoride (LiYF4)
YSAG — yttrium scandium aluminum (Y3Sc2Al3O 12)
YSGG — yttrium scandium gallium (Y3Sc 2Ga 3O 12)
YSO — yttrium silicon oxide, yttrium orthosilicate (Y2SiO 5)
YVO — yttrium vanadate (YVO4)
ZBLAN — Zr-Ba-La-Al-Na fluorozirconate glass

* For a more complete listing of abbreviations, acronyms, initialisms, and mineralogical or

common names for laser materials, see Appendix 2 of the Handbook of Laser Science and
Technology: Supplement 2 – Optical Materials, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1995).

 1999 by CRC PRESS LLC

 APPENDIX 3

Fundamental Physical Constants

Quantity Symbol Value

speed of light in vacuum c 299 792 458 m/s

permeability of vacuum µ0 1.256 637 061 4x10-6 N/A2
permittivity of vacuum, 1/µ 0c2 ε0 8.854 187 817x10-12 F/m
Planck constant h 6.626 075 5x10-34 J s
elementary charge e 1.602 177 33x10-19 C
magnetic flux quantum, h/2e Φ0 2.067 834 61x10-15 Wb
electron mass me 9.109 389 7x10-31 kg
proton mass mp 1.672 623 1x10-27 kg
fine structure constant α 7.297 353 08x10-3
inverse fine-structure constant 1/α 137.035 989 5
Rydberg constant, mecα 2/2h R∞ 10 973 731.534 m-1
Bohr radius, α/4πR ∞ a0 0.529 177 249x10-10 m
Hartree energy, e2 /(4πε 0 )a0 = 2R∞ hc Eh 4.359 748 2x10-18 J
Compton wavelength, h/mec λC 2.426 310 58x10-12 m
classical electron radius, α 2 a 0 re 2.817 940 92x10-15 m
Bohr magneton, eh/4πm e µB 9.274 015 4x10-24 J/T
nuclear magneton, eh/4πm p µN 5.050 786 6x10-27 J/T
electron magnetic moment µe 9.284 770 1x10-24 J/T
magnetic moment anomaly, µ e/ µ B – 1 ae 1.159 653 193x10-3
electron g factor, 2(1 – ae) gµ 2.002 319 304 386
proton gyromagnetic ratio γp 2.675 221 28x108 s-1T-1
Avogadro constant NA 6.022 136 7x1023 mol-1
Boltzmann constant, R/NA k 1.380 658x10-23 J/K
Faraday constant, NA e F 96 485.309 C/mol
molar gas constant R 8.314 510 J/mol K
Stefan-Boltzmann constant s 5.670 51x10-8 W/m2 K4

References:

Cohen, E. R. and Taylor, B. N., The 1986 adjustment of the fundamental physical
constants, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 1121 (1987).
Taylor, B. N. and Cohen, E. R., Recommended values of the fundamental physical
constants: a status report, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 95, 497 (1990).

 1999 by CRC PRESS LLC

 CONVERSION FACTORS
Energy Frequency Wavelength Wavenumber Electron volt Temperature
E (joule) ν (hertz) λ (nanometer) σ (centimeter)-1 eV (volt) T (kelvin)

E E = hν E = hc/λ E = hcσ E = 108 eV/c E = kT

1J 1.5092 x 1033 1.9864 x 10-16 5.0341 x 1022 6.2415 x 1018 7.2429 x 1022

6.6261 x 10-34 1 Hz 2.9979 x 1017 3.3356x 10-11 4.1357 x 10-15 4.7992 x 10-11

1.9864 x 10-16 2,9979 x 1017 1 nm 107 1239.8 1.4388 x 107

1.9864 x 10-23 2.9979 x 1010 107 1 cm-1 1.2398 x 10-4 1.4388

1.6022 x 10-19 2.4180 x 1014 1239.8 8065.5 1 eV 11,604

1.3807 x 10-23 2.0837 x 1010 1.4388 x 10y 0.69504 8.6174 x 10-5 1K

NOTE: The unit at the top of a column applies to all values below; all values on the same line of the table are equal.

Other conversions:
1 cm-1 = 1 kayser = 104 angstrom (Å) = 1.331 x 10-13 atomic mass unit = 2.426 x 10-10 electron mass unit
1 cm-1 ≈ 1.44 K ≈ 30 GHz ≈ 1.24 x 10-4 eV ≈ 2 x 10-16 erg ≈ 104 tesla (g = 2)
1 hartree = 27.2116 eV = 4.35975 x 10-18 joule
1 bohr = 0.52918 angstrom (Å)