X Pre Board Exam Social Science

PRE BOARD EXAMINATION - 2

Class : X (CBSE) SET - 2 Max. Marks : 80
Sub : Social Studies (087) 2023-24 Time : 3 Hrs.
General Instructions :
i) Question paper comprises six Sections – A, B, C, D, E and F. There are 37 questions in the
question paper. All questions are compulsory.
ii) Section A – From question 1 to 20 are MCQs of 1 mark each.
iii) Section B – Question no. 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 2
marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words.
iv) Section C contains Q.25to Q.29 are Short Answer Type Questions, carrying 3 marks each.
Answer to each question should not exceed 60 words.
v) Section D – Question no. 30 to 33 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each.
Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words.
vi) Section-E - Questions no from 34 to 36 are case based questions with three sub questions
and are of 4 marks each.
vii) Section F – Question no. 37 is map based, carrying 5 marks with two parts, 37a from
History (2 marks) and 37b from Geography (3 marks).
viii) There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been
provided in few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted.
ix) In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever
necessary.

SECTION A
MCQs (1M × 20 = 20M)

1. “The tree is a peculiar organism of unlimited kindness and benevolence and makes no
demand for its sustenance, and extends generously the products of its life activity. It affords
protection to all beings, offering shade even to the axemen who destroy it.” Who said the
given statement? 1
A) Mahatma Gandhi B) Gautama Buddha C) Vinoba Bhave D) Sunderlal Bahuguna
Ans: B
2. Statement I : The German Confederation of 39 states was left untouched by the Treaty of
Vienna, 1815.
Statement II : One of the major issues taken up by the liberal-nationalists, who criticised the
new conservative order after 1815, was freedom of the press.
Choose the correct option from the following. 1
A) Statement I is true and Statement II is false B) Statement I is false and Statement II is true
C) Both the statements are true D) Both the statements are false
Ans: C
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3. Consider the following statements regrding ‘Sardar Sarovar Project.’ 1
i) This is one of the largest water resource projects of India covering five states—Maharashtra,
Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
ii) Narmada Bachao andolan was started against the Sardar Sarovar Dam being built across the
Narmada river in Gujarat.
iii) The Sardar Sarovar project would meet the requirement of water in drought-prone and desert
areas of Gujarat and Rajasthan.
iv) The Narmada Bachao Andolan is originally focused on enabling the poor citizens, especially
the oustees (displaced people) to get full rehabilitation facilities from the government.
Choose the correct option from the following.
A) Only i and ii are false B) Only ii and iii are false
C) Only iii and iv are false D) Only i and iv are false
Ans. D
4. Assume that you are strong supporter and follower of Alluri Sitaram Raju. Which of the
following acts/works done by you is against to the ideology of your leader. 1
A) Participated in a satygraha against the violence created by a chaukidar
B) Attacked a police station
C) Implemented guerilla warfare for achieving swaraj
D) Revolted against the British as it asked to contribute Begar for road building
Ans: A
5. Which of the following is an incorrectly matched pair. 1
A) 868 AD - The oldest Japanese book was printed
B) 1295 AD - Marco Polo returned to Italy from China
C) 1713 AD - First Malayalam book printed by catholic priests in India.
D) 1940 AD - Kashibaba wrote and published ‘Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal’
Ans: D
6. Choose the correct option from the following with respect to the picture given. 1
A) Indian Statistical Office, Kolkata

B) European Parliament, Brussels

C) Parliament of Sri Lanka, Colombo

D) Hall of Mirrors, Versailles

Ans: B
7. Consider the following statements with respect to the ‘sharing of power between the Union
Government and the State Governments.’ 1
i) It is basic to the structure of the Constitution.
ii) It is possible to make changes to this power sharing arrangement.
iii) The Parliament cannot on its own change this arrangement.
iv) Any change to it has to be first passed by only the Lok Sabha with at least two-thirds
majority.
Choose the correct option from the following.
A) Only i and iii are true B) Only i and ii are true
C) Only i, ii and iii are true D) All the statements are true
Ans: C
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8. Consider the following statements. 1
Statement I : In India, different family laws apply to followers of different religions.
Statemet II : The Constitution of India allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion
in order to ensure equality within religious communities.
Statement III : In India, caste continues to be closely linked to economic status.
Statement IV : Gender Division is based on biology, social expectations and stereotypes.
Which of the above given statements is/are incorrect?
A) Only I and III B) Only IV C) Only II and IV D) Only I
Ans: B
9. Study the data given below and answer the following question.

Despite having a higher total income than Germany, Japan has a lower per capita income.
What is the reason for this? 1
A) Japan has a more equitable distribution of income.
B) Japan has a bigger population than Germany.
C) Japan has a smaller population than Germany
D) Germany has more rich people than poor people
Ans: B
10. Consider the following statements with respect to a law passed by the Parliament of India
for the implementation of ‘Right to Work’ in 2005? 1
i) This law was implemented in about 625 districts of India.
ii) All the persons in rural areas are guaranteed 100 days of employment irrespective of their
ability.
iii) Only those types of work that would in future help to increase the production of industries
based on agriculture will be given preference.
iv) If the government fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give unemployment
allowances to the people.
Choose the correct option from the following.
A) Only the statement iv is true B) Only the statements i and ii are true
C) Only the statements ii and iv are true D) Only the statements i and iv are true
Ans: D
11. ‘We have not inherited the world from our forefathers, we have borrowed it from our
children.” - Mr. Lester Brown
Which of the following BEST displays this principle in action? 1
A) Using up current oil reserves before beginning to explore more reserves
B) Moving to oil reserves under the sea to avoid drilling on land
C) Moving to alternative fuels to conserve world oil reserves
D) Using modern drilling facilities to extract petroleum
Ans: C

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Social Science X Pre Board Exam
12. Which of the following best describes the term, ‘Occupational mobility.’? 1
A) Shifting from rural area to urban area in search of occupation.
B) Shifting from one occupation to another which was practiced by the ancestors.
C) Shiting from once occupation which was practiced by the ancestors to another.
D) Shifting from urban area to rural area in search of occupation.
Ans: C
13. According to the constitution, the use of English language for official purposes was supposed
to be stopped in this year. 1
A) 1950 B) 1955 C) 1960 D) 1965
Ans: D
14. Which of the following statements is the best example to understand ‘Interest Groups.’ 1
A) A Union Minister passing an order to implement a policy that promotes the export of cotton.
B) An IAS officer checking the implementation of a program that aims to reduce malnourishment
among the children.
C) A State government implementing an agricultural policy that was drafted by a committee of
agricultural produce exporters.
D) An industrialist enhancing the salaries of the employees of his company by following the new
labour laws implemented by the government.
Ans: C
15. Consider the following. 1
i) Amar Jiban ii) Sambad Kaumudi
iii) Istri Dharm Vichar iv) Sacchi Kavitayan
Identify the correct order of the given works based on the region of their origin from west to
east.
A) iii-iv-ii-i B) iv-iii-ii-i C) iii-iv-i-ii D) iv-iii-i-ii
Ans: A
16. Which of the following is the ‘primary responsibility of a government’ towards providing
various services to its citizens? 1
A) Providing irrigation through dams B) Running proper schools
C) Selling electricity at subsidised cost D) Constructing roads and bridges
Ans: B
17. For a famous businessman’s mall-building project, a slum in Mumbai is being cleared and
its people displaced, with only a small payment for their land. There have been protests and
a Public Interest Litigation has been filed in the court. 1
What should the local government do?
A) Cancel the project B) Forcefully remove the people
C) Arrest the protesters D) Wait for the court's judgement
Ans: D

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18. Identify the incorrect statement from the following with respect to the picture given. 1

A) The Statue of Unity bears the torch of Enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of the Rights
of Man in the other.
B) Leading the procession, way past the statue of Liberty, are the United States, Switzerland and
France, which by this time were already nation-states.
C) At the time when Sorrieu created this image, the German peoples did not yet exist as a united
nation.
D) From the heavens above, Christ, saints and angels gaze upon the scene. They have been used
by the artist to symbolise fraternity among the nations of the world.
Ans: B
19. Which of the following factors is mainly responsible for the ‘availability of water resources’
in a region? 1
A) Variation in seasonal and annual precipitation
B) Usage of ground water
C) Unequal access to water among different communities
D) Availability of irrigational facilities
Ans: A
20. Assertion (A) : The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 was the area
called the Balkans.
Reason (R) : The spread of the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkans together with the
disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this region very explosive.
A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correctly explaining the Assertion
B) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is not correctly explaining the Assertion
C) Assertion is true and Reason is false
D) Assertion is false and Reason is true
Ans: A

SECTION B
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2M × 4 = 8M)

21. What is Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)? Mention its goal. 2

A. i) Government of India has accorded highest priority to improve the quality of life and enhance
ease of living of people especially those living in rual areas by announcing the Jal Jeevan
Mission (JJM).
ii) The Goal of JJM is to enable every rural household get assured supply of potable piped
water at a service level of 55 litres per capita per day regularly on long-term basis by ensuring
functionality of the tap water connections.
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22. What are the two kinds of routes through which federations have been formed? Give
examples. 2
A. Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority
and various constituent units of the country. There are two kinds of routes through which federations
have been formed.
i) Coming together federations: It involves independent States coming together on their
own to form a bigger unit, so that by pooling sovereignty and retaining identity, they can
increase their security.
Ex: USA, Switzerland and Australia.
ii) Holding together federations: It is a type of federation where a large country decides to
divide its power between the constituent States and the national government. Here, the
Central Government tends to be more powerful vis-àvis the States.
Ex: India, Spain and Belgium.
23. Define the following. 2
(i) Infant Mortality Rate (ii) Net Attendance Ratio
A. i) Infant Mortality Rate: It indicates the number of children that die before the age of one
year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year.
ii) Net Attendance Ratio: It is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years
attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.
24. Raju and his wife along with their 2 children worked in their paddy field and were able to
produce 50 bags of rice. In the next cropping season, Rajus’s nephew also joined with them
to work in the field. Again, they were able to produce 50 bags of rice with which they were
able to pay the credit they borrowed form a landlord from their village.
What kind of unemployment/underemployment are the persons involved in the above
example are facing? Suggest a solution. 2
A. i) The persons involved in the above given example are facing a hidden underemployment
called as disguised unemployment.
ii) Disguised unemployment is unemployment that does not affect aggregate economic output.
It occurs when productivity is low and too many workers are filling too few jobs. It can refer
to any part of the population that is not employed at full capacity.
iii) The government can promote the following in order to tacle the problem of diguised
unemployment.
a) Increasing job training and education.
b) Encouraging entrepreneurship
c) Increasing investment of infrastructure creation

SECTION C
SHORT ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS (3M × 5 = 15M)
25. “The clear lesson from the dynamics of both environmental destruction and reconstruction
in India is that local communities everywhere have to be involved in some kind of natural
resource management.” Support the statement with suitable arguments and give any two
examples. 3
A) i) Conservation strategies which are involving local communities are not new in India.
Traditionally, we have the communities that are living near to the natural resources/forests
for generations.
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ii) In some areas of India, local communities are involved in conserving the habitats along
with government officials, recognising that only this will secure their own long-term livelihood.
iii) Also, the local communities living near the forest area/any natural resource are the one
having accesibility in protecting the natural resources from unwanted incidents. They have
the full knowledge regarding the advantages of the species/resources available in the region.
Hence, involvement of local communities is necessary in some kind of natural resource
management in that area.
Ex:
iv) Joint Forest Management Program: The programme has been in formal existence since
1988 when the state of Odisha passed the first resolution for joint forest management. JFM
depends on the formation of local (village) institutions that undertake protection activities
mostly on degraded forest land managed by the forest department. In return, the members of
these communities are entitled to intermediary benefits like non-timber forest produces and
share in the timber harvested by ‘successful protection.
v) Chipko Movement: The Chipko movement is a forest conservation movement in India.
Opposed to commercial logging and the government's policies on deforestation, protestors
in the 1970s engaged in tree hugging, wrapping their arms around trees so that they could
not be felled.This movement in the Himalayas has not only successfully resisted deforestation
in several areas but has also shown that community afforestation with indigenous species
can be enormously successful.
26. The image given here is related to one of the popular movements started by Gandhiji during
the struggle for India’s independence. Explain the active participation of rich peasant
communities during the movement. 3

A. The image given is related to the Civil Disobedience Movement (Dandi March) started by Gandhiji.
i) The rich peasant communities like patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh – were
active in the movement.
ii) Being producers of commercial crops, they were very hard hit by the trade depression and
falling prices. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the
government’s revenue demand. And the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue
demand led to widespread resentment.
iii) These rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement,
organising their communities, and at times forcing reluctant members, to participate in the
boycott programmes.
iv) For them the fight for swaraj was a struggle against high revenues. But they were deeply
disappointed when the movement was called off in 1931 without the revenue rates being
revised.
(OR)

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Social Science X Pre Board Exam
“History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols, all played a part in the
making of nationalism.” Support the statement in the context of Indian national movement
by giving examples.
A. i) The identity of the nation is most often symbolised in a figure or image.It was in the twentieth
century, with the growth of nationalism, that the identity of India came to be visually associated
with the image of Bharat Mata. The image was first created by Bankim Chandra
Chattopadhyay. In the 1870s. Moved by the Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath Tagore
painted his famous image of Bharat Mata.
ii) In late-nineteenth-century India, nationalists began recording folk tales sung by bards. In
Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballads, nursery rhymes and myths,
and led the movement for folkrevival. In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive four-
volume collection of Tamil folk tales, The Folklore of Southern India.
iii) During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green and yellow) was
designed. By 1921, Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj flag. It was again a tricolour (red,
green and white) and had a spinning wheel in the centre, representing the Gandhian ideal of
self-help.
All these helped to spread and enhace the idea of nationalism among the people.
(Any other relevant point)
27. “The Constitution of India was amended to make the third-tier of democracy more powerful
and effective.” Support the statement. 3
A. i) When power is taken away from Central and State governments and given to local
government, it is called decentralisation. A major step towards decentralisation was taken in
India in 1992.
ii) According to this constitutitonal amendment__
a) Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold regular elections to local government
bodies.
b) Seats are reserved in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions
for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes.
c) At least one-third of all positions are reserved for women.
d) An independent institution called the State Election Commission has been created in
each State to conduct panchayat and municipal elections.
e) The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local
government bodies. The nature of sharing varies from State to State.
(Any three valid ponts can be written)
28. What is Human Development Report? How it is different from the report published by the
World bank? Mention India’s HDI rank in 2018. 3
A. i) Human Development Report is published by United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP). It compares countries based on the educational levels of the people, their health
status and per capita income.
ii) In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, only ‘average income’ is
used in classifying countries into various categories.
iii) India’s HDI rank in 2018 is 130.
(OR)
“Money cannot buy all the goods and services that a person may need to live well.” Support
the Statement.
A. i) Money cannot buy all the goods and services that a person may need to live well. Income by
itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are
able to use.
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ii) Money or higher per capita income cannot buy a pollution-free environment, unadulterated
medicines, good health etc.
iii) Money can not protect the individual from infections, disease unless the whole the community
takes a preventive measures.
iv) Money cannot buy peace and democracy.
29. Distinguish between the public and the private sector. 3
A.

SECTION - D
LONG ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS (5M × 4 = 20M)

30. Explain the mechanism involved in ‘roof top rain water harvesting’ system. Mention how
rain water harvesting is practiced traditionally in different regions of India. 5
A. In many parts of rural and urban India, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being successfully adapted
to store and conserve water. In rooftop harvesting, the roof becomes the catchments, and the
rainwater is collected from the roof of the house/building. It can either be stored in a tank or
diverted to artificial recharge system.
Mechanism involved in the roof top rain water harvesting:
i) Rooftop rainwater is collected using a PVC pipe.
ii) Filtered using sand and bricks.
iii) Underground pipe takes water to sump for immediate usage.
iv) Excess water from the sump is taken to the well.
v) Water from the well recharges the underground.
vi) Take water from the well (later).
Rain water is harvesting is practiced in different regions of India traditionally as follows.
i) In hills and mountainous regions, people build diversion channels like that of the Western
Himalayas for agriculture.
ii) ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practised to store drinking water, particularly
in Rajasthan.
iii) In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields.
iv) In arid and semi-arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures
that allowed the water to stagnant and moisten the soil like the ‘khadins’ in Jaisalmer and the
‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan.
v) In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Banner,
almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking
water.
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vi) Bamboo drip irrigation system is also being used in some states.
Apart from these, there are many localised traditional practices in India which are popular for the
rain water harvesting. But, with the the development of irrigational facilities, these practices are
being neglected by the people.
(OR)
“In recent years, the multi purpose projects and large dams have come under great scrutiny.”
Support the statement with suitable arguments.
A. Multi-purpose projects, launched after Independence with their integrated water resources
management approach, were thought of as the vehicle that would lead the nation to development
and progress.
But, In recent years, the multi purpose projects and large dams have come under great scrutiny
because of the following reasons.
1) Adverse effect on the fertility of the soil: Due to the construction of dams, there are no
annual floods in the river. And because of this, the soil of the downstream region does not
get nutrient rich “silt”. This decreases the fertility of the soil.
2) Adverse impact on aquatic life: Due to the construction of dams on the rivers, the fish in the
downstream area do not get sufficient nutrient material. Regulating and damming of rivers
affect the natural flow of water causing poor sediment flow downward, and excessive
sedimentation at the bottom of reservoir, resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats
for the rivers’ aquatic life. Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult for aquatic fauna to
migrate for spawning i.e., to produce eggs.
3) Displacement of local communities: The building of large dams results in displacement ,of
local communities. The local people often have to give up their land and livelihood and their
meager access and control over resources for the greater food of the nation.
4) Change in the cropping pattern: The multi-purpose projects are responsible for providing
assured means of irrigation to farmers. Due to this, most of the farmers have changed the
cropping pattern shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has led to salinisation
of soil leading to ecological imbalance.
5) Transforming the social landscape: The multi-purpose river projects are increasing the social
gap between the richer landowners and the landless poor. As we can see, the dams did
create conflicts between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same water
resources. In Gujarat, the Sabarmati-basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot
over the higher priority given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.
Moreover, the big dams have mostly been unsuccessful in controlling floods at the time of excessive
rainfall.The floods have not only devastated life and property but also caused extensive soil erosion.
It was also observed that the multi-purpose projects induced earthquakes, caused water-borne
diseases and pests and pollution resulting from excessive use of water.
(Any five valid points)
31. “The development of nationalism did not come about only through wars and territorial
expansion. Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation.” Support
the statement by taking ‘language’ as an example in the European context. 5
A. In the early 19th century Europe,The development of nationalism did not come about only through
wars and territorial expansion. Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation:
art and poetry, stories and music helped express and shape nationalist feelings.
i) Romanticism, a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist
sentiment
ii) They shared a collective heritage, a common cultural past as the basis of a nation.
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iii) Romantic philosophers wanted to create a true spirit of nationalism through folk songs, folk
poetry and folk dances. So according to them, collecting and recording these forms of folk
culture was essential to the project of nation-building.
Language too played an important role in developing nationalist sentiments.
iv) After Russian occupation, the Polish language was forced out of schools and the Russian
language was imposed everywhere.
v) In 1831, an armed rebellion against Russian rule took place which was ultimately crushed.
Following this, many members of the clergy in Poland began to use language as a weapon
of national resistance.
vi) Polish was used for Church gatherings and all religious instruction. As a result, a large
number of priests and bishops were put in jail or sent to Siberia by the Russian authorities as
punishment for their refusal to preach in Russian.
The use of Polish came to be seen as a symbol of the struggle against Russian dominance.
(OR)
Observe the given map, as it appears, the given nation is politically fragmented. Trace its
unification by mentioning the important personalties involved in unification.

A. Italy had a long history of political fragmentation. During the middle of the nineteenth century,
Italy was divided into seven states, of which only one, Sardinia-Piedmont, was ruled by an Italian
princely house. The north was under Austrian Habsburgs, the centre was ruled by the Pope and
the southern regions were under the domination of the Bourbon kings of Spain.
The unification was held under the following process :
i) Role of Giuseppe Mazzini : He was the leader of the Republican party. He founded a new
association called the ‘Young Italy’ in 1831 while in exile. It was a secret society which was
formed to bring about the regeneration of Italy through education. Though there were two
revolutionary uprisings, one in 1831 and the other in 1848, for the Unification of Italy, but
they both failed.
ii) Role of Cavour : Cavour became the Chief Minister of Piedmont in 1852. His main aim was
to a effect the emancipation of Italy from Austria. He was neither a revolutionary nor a
democrat. But he is known as the ‘real maker of Italy’. Through a tactful diplomatic alliance
with France, he succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.
iii) Role of Giuseppe Garibaldi : Garibaldi was the hero of Red Shirts, revolutionary movement.
In 1860, he marched into South Italy and the kingdom of two Sicilly, and succeeded in
winning the support of the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish rulers.
iv) Victor Emmanuel II : In 1861, the first Italian parliament representing the whole of Italy
excepting Rome and Venetia, assembled in Twin which formally conferred upon Victor
Emmanuel II, the title of the ‘King of Italy’.
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In 1866, when the Austro-Prussian war was broke out, venetia was invaded by Prussia and
Bismarck allowed the annexation of Venetia to Sardinia-Piedmont. Finally in 1870, Franco-Prussian
war was started. Napoleon III was compelled by Victor to withdraw his army sent in 1849 for the
protection of the Pope. Rome captured by Victor Emmanuel-II and merged with Sardinia-Piedmont.
Unification of Italy achieved.
32. How caste can take various forms in politics? How can you prove that the elections in India
are not about caste alone? 5
A. Caste system was based on exclusion of and discrimination against the ‘outcaste’ groups. In this,
hereditary occupational division was sanctioned by rituals.
Caste can take various forms in politics:
i) When parties choose candidates in elections, they keep in mind the caste composition of the
electorate and nominate candidates from different castes so as to muster necessary support
to win elections. When governments are formed, political parties usually take care that
representatives of different castes and tribes find a place in it.
ii) Political parties and candidates in elections make appeals to caste sentiment to muster support.
Some political parties are known to favour some castes and are seen as their representatives.
The focus on caste in politics can sometimes give an impression that elections are all about
caste and nothing else. That is far from true.
iii) No parliamentary constituency in the country has a clear majority of one single caste. So,
every candidate and party needs to win the confidence of more than one caste and community
to win elections.
iv) No party wins the votes of all the voters of a caste or community. When people say that a
caste is a ‘vote bank’ of one party, it usually means that a large proportion of the voters from
that caste vote for that party.
v) Many political parties may put up candidates from the same caste (if that caste is believed to
dominate the electorate in a particular constituency).
vi) The ruling party and the sitting MP or MLA frequently lose elections in our country. That
could not have happened if all castes and communities were frozen in their political
preferences.
With all these, we can say that the elections in India are not all about caste.
(OR)
“Women face disadvantage, discrimination and oppression in India in various ways.”
Support the statement.
A. In our country, women still lag much behind men despite some improvement since Independence.
Ours is still a male-dominated, patriarchal society. Women face disadvantage, discrimination and
oppression in various ways:
i) The literacy rate among women is only 54 per cent compared with 76 per cent among men.
Similarly, a smaller proportion of girl students go for higher studies. It is because because of
the fact that the parents prefer to spend their resources for their boys’ education rather than
spending equally on their sons and daughters.
ii) No wonder the proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs, is still very
small. On an average, an Indian woman works one hour more than an average man every
day. Yet much of her work is not paid and therefore, often not valued.
iii) The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976 provides that equal wages should be paid to equal
work. However in almost all areas of work, from sports and cinema, to factories and fields,
women are paid less than men, even when both do exactly the same work.

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iv) In many parts of India, parents prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl child
aborted before she is born. Such sex-selective abortion led to a decline in child sex ratio
(number of girl children per thousand boys) in the country to merely 919.
v) There are reports of various kinds of harassment, exploitation and violence against women.
Urban areas have become particularly unsafe for women. They are not safe even within
their own home from beating, harassment and other forms of domestic violence.
All over the world, feminist movements became popular that are aimed at giving equal opportunities
to women along with the men in the society in all spheres. In India, even though women constitutes
about half of the total population, their fight still goes on to achieve equal status along with men in
all areas.
33. Comapre the contribution made by various sectors to the GDP of India between 1973-74
and 2013-14. Analyse the the reasons for rapid growth of “the largest conributor to GDP”
in 2013-14. 5

Over the forty years between 1973-74 and 2013-14, while production in all the three sectors has
increased, it has increased the most in the tertiary sector. As a result, in the year 2013-14, the
tertiary sector has emerged as the largest producing sector in India replacing the primary sector.
i) Basic Services: In any country several services such as hospitals, educational institutions,
post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative offices, municipal
corporations, defence, transport, banks, insurance companies, etc. are required. These can
be considered as basic services. In a developing country the government has to take
responsibility for the provision of these services.
ii) Development of Services Sector: The development of agriculture and industry leads to the
development of services such as transport, trade, storage and the like, as we have already
seen. Greater the development of the primary and secondary sectors, more would be the
demand for such services.
iii) Demand for new services: As income levels rise, certain sections of people start demanding
many more services like eating out,tourism, shopping, private hospitals, private schools,
professional training etc. You can see this change quite sharply in cities, especially in big
cities.
iv) Emergence of new services: Over the past decade or so, certain new services such as those
based on information and communication technology have become important and essential.
The production of these services has been rising rapidly.
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Social Science X Pre Board Exam
However, it is to mention that not all of the service sector is growing equally well. there are a very
large number of workers engaged in services such as small shopkeepers, repair persons, transport
persons, etc. These people barely manage to earn a living and yet they perform these services
because no alternative opportunities for work are available to them. Hence, only a part of this
sector is growing in importance.
(OR)
Kiran and Mahesh are living in an urban area and discusing regarding the employment
conditions at their respectie place of work. During their conversation, Mahesh said when
there is less work, some people may be asked to leave the place of work by his employer.
Identify the type of sector in which Mahesh is working currently? Mention all the
disadvantages that he is facing and suggest the measures to be taken by the government to
protect the employees like Mahesh.
A. In the times of less work, if some people were asked to leave the place of work by the employer,
then it is sure that mahesh is working in unorganised sector.
Based on the terms of employment, the economic activities performed in a country can be divided
into organised and unorganised sectors.
The following are the disadvantages that the workers in the unorganised sector face.
i) The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside
the control of the government.
ii) Workers working in an unorganised sector get less wages.
iii) There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness, etc.
iv) Employment is subject to high degree of insecurity.
v) When there is less work, such as during some seasons, some people may be asked to leave
by the employer. Hence, work is seasonal in nature.
v) A large number of people doing small jobs such as selling on the street or doing repair work
comes under the unorganised sector.
In the urban areas, unorganised sector comprises mainly of workers in small-scale industry,
casual workers in construction, trade and transport etc., and those who work as street vendors,
head load workers, garment makers, rag pickers etc.
vi) An most of the unorganised workers in urban areas are involved either is sel-employment
aor Small-scale industries, the government’s support.
vii) In case of the self-employed persons, the government can provide credit at low interest
rates. It can also create a common market place for them.
viii) In case of small-scale industries, government can help in procuring raw material and
marketing of output. The casual workers in both rural and urban areas need to be protected.

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X Pre Board Exam Social Science
SECTION E
CASE BASED QUESTIONS (4M × 3 = 12M)

34. Read the given extract and answer following questions: 4

Tiger is one of the key wildlife species in the faunal web. In 1973, the authorities realised that the
tiger population had dwindled to 1,827 from an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century. The
major threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat,
depletion of prey base species, growing human population, etc. The trade of tiger skins and the
use of their bones in traditional medicines, especially in the Asian countries left the tiger population
on the verge of extinction. Since India and Nepal provide habitat to about two-thirds of the surviving
tiger population in the world, these two nations became prime targets for poaching and illegal
trading. “Project Tiger”, one of the well publicised wildlife campaigns in the world, was launched
in 1973. Tiger conservation has been viewed not only as an effort to save an endangered species,
but with equal importance as a means of preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude.
34.1. “In 1973, the authorities realised that the tiger population had dwindled to 1,827 from
an estimated 55,000 at the turn of the century.” Why? [1]
A. The major threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking
habitat, depletion of prey base species, growing human population, etc. The trade of tiger
skins and the use of their bones in traditional medicines, especially in the Asian countries
left the tiger population on the verge of extinction.
34.2. Name any two tiger reserves of India along with their respective States. [1]
A. i) Corbett National Park - Uttarakhand
ii) Sunderbans National Park - West Bengal
34.3 Why tiger is considered as one of the key wildlife species in the faunal web? Mention
a campaign started by Government of India for its protection. [2]
A. i) The tiger is a unique animal which plays a pivotal role in the health and diversity of an
ecosystem. It is a top predator which is at the apex of the food chain and keeps the
population of wild ungulates in check, thereby maintaining the balance between
herbivores and the vegetation upon which they feed.
ii) “Project Tiger”, one of the well publicised wildlife campaigns in the world, was
launched in 1973 by the Government of India. Tiger conservation has been viewed
not only as an effort to save an endangered species, but with equal importance as a
means of preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude.
35. Read the given extract and answer following questions: 4
The industrial working classes did not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement in large
numbers, except in the Nagpur region. As the industrialists came closer to the Congress, workers
stayed aloof. But in spite of that, some workers did participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement,
selectively adopting some of the ideas of the Gandhian programme, like boycott of foreign goods,
as part of their own movements against low wages and poor working conditions. There were
strikes by railway workers in 1930 and dockworkers in 1932. In 1930 thousands of workers in
Chotanagpur tin mines wore Gandhi caps and participated in protest rallies and boycott campaigns.
But the Congress was reluctant to include workers’ demands as part of its programme of struggle.
It felt that this would alienate industrialists and divide the anti-imperial forces.
35.1 Why the Congress was reluctant to include workers’ demands as part of its programme
of struggle? [1]
A. The Congress felt that inclusion of workers’ demands as part of its programme of struggle
would alienate industrialists and divide the anti-imperial forces.

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Social Science X Pre Board Exam
35.2 “Industrial workers did not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement.” Can
you support the statement? [1]
A. As the industrialists came closer to the Congress, workers stayed aloof. But in spite of that,
some workers did participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement against low wages and
poor working conditions. There were strikes by railway workers in 1930 and dockworkers
in 1932. In 1930 thousands of workers in Chotanagpur tin mines wore Gandhi caps and
participated in protest rallies and boycott campaigns.
35.3 Mention the major demands of industrialists during the Civil Disobedience Movement?
[2]
A. i) They wanted protection against imports of foreign goods.
ii) They also wanted a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
36. Read the given extract and answer following questions. 4
The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official
language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. But
their demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied. By
1980s, several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (state)
in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka.The distrust between the two communities turned into
widespread conflict. It soon turned into a civil war. As a result thousands of people of both the
communities have been killed. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and
many more lost their livelihoods. The civil war has caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural
and economic life of the country. It ended in 2009.
36.1 Why the Sri Lankan Tamils felt alienated in their own country? [1]
A. They felt alentated because of the measures taken by the government like_
i) Passing an act that recognised Sinhala as the only official language.
ii) Implementing preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university
positions and government jobs
iii) A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism.
36.2 Mention the demand that was made by the Sri Lankan Tamils and repeatedly denied
by the Sri Lankan Government? [1]
A. The Sri Lankan Tamils’ demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils
was repeatedly denied by the Sri Lankan Government.
36.3 What is a civil war? What was its result? [2]
A. i) A violent conflict between opposing groups within a country that becomes so intense
that it appears like a war.
ii) Thousands of people of both the communities have been killed. Many families were
forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods.
iii) The civil war has caused a terrible setback to the social, cultural and economic life of
the country. It ended in 2009.

SECTION F
MAP SKILL BASED QUESTION (2+3=5M)

37. a. Two places A and B have been marked on the given outline map of India. Identify
them and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them. 2
A) The place where Gandhiji organised a satyagraha in 1918. (Ahmedabad)
B) The place where the special session of the Indian National Congress was held in
September 1920. (Calcutta)
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X Pre Board Exam Social Science
b. On the same outline map of India locate and label any THREE of the following with
suitable Symbols. 3
a) A multi-purpose project built on river Chenab (Salal)
b) A thermal power plant in Madhya Pradesh (Singrauli)
c) An iron and steel industry in West Bengal (Durgapur)
d) The extreme south-western port of India (Kochi)
Note : The following questions are for Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of
Q.No.37. Attempt any FIVE questions.
37.1 The place where Gandhiji organised a satyagraha in 1918. 1
37.2 The place where the special session of the Indian National Congress was held in September
1920. 1
37.3 A multi-purpose project built on river Chenab 1
37.4 A thermal power plant in Madhya Pradesh 1
37.5 An iron and steel industry in West Bengal 1
37.6 The extreme south-western port of India 1

No.1 School in India 17 Sri Chaitanya School