Name: ___________________________________________________________ Period: _________

Lecture 1
Moles and Molar Mass (AP Chemistry Topic 1.1)
Student Notes

Enduring Understanding Learning Objective(s)

• The mole allows different units to be compared. • Calculate quantities of a substance or its relative
number of particles using dimensional analysis and the
mole concept.

The Mole

the mole
In chemistry, _____________________ a number
is used to mean a collection of _________________________ of things.

A Pair = 2 items

A Half Dozen = 6 items

The Mole = 6.022 x 1023 particles

number of atoms or molecules

As chemists, we need to know the __________________________________________________________________
in a sample because chemical reactions occur between
_____________________________________________________________________________.
particles
Example: To form H2O (water), 2 hydrogen atoms must combine with 1 oxygen atom.

Atoms are way too small to count individually so the mole helps us count The Mole is also called
them in a more practical manner.
Avogadro 's
___________________________
atoms ________________________
Number in
1 mole = 6.022 x 1023 ____________
honor of the Italian physicist Amedeo
molecules
1 mole = 6.022 x 1023 __________________ Avogadro (1776-1856)

formula units
1 mole = 6.022 x 1023 _________________________

The term atoms is used when discussing an element, molecules when

discussing a compound and formula units when discussing ionic
compounds.
 Converting between Moles and Representative Particles

1) A gold ring contains 5.50 x 1022 atoms of gold. How 2) How many water molecules are in 3.75 mol of water?
many moles of gold atoms does it contain? >

1m01 3. 75m01 6.022×102 molecules

5. 50×1022 atoms
6. 022×1023 atoms 1 MOI

= 0.0913 MOIAU = 2.26×1024molecules

H2O
3) How many formula units of K3P are there in 4.00 mol? 4) A Titanium rod contains 2.86 x 1023 atoms. How many
moles of titanium atoms are in the rod?
4. 00m01 6-022×1023 formula units 2.86×1023 atoms 1m01
1 MOI
6.022×1023 atoms

= 2.41×1024 formula units KSP = 0 .

475m01 Ti

Molar Mass

In a chemistry lab, we do not have tools to measure the number of moles in a sample, but we can measure the mass
of a sample.

by weighing
To count atoms _____________________________ them, we need another conversion factor.

the mass ( ingrams ) of 1 mole of any

Molar mass is defined as ________________________________________________________________________
substance
_________________and
91m01
it has units of ____________________.
3) Calculate the molar masses of the
following substances
The molar mass of an element is equal to its atomic mass in
a.m.u. Substance Molar Mass
The molar mass of a compound is found by adding up the
masses of the individual elements in the compound.
S 32.06 91m01

NaCl 58.44 91m01

K2Cr2O7 294 . 291m01
Ca(OH)2 74.0969 / Mol
(NH4)2SO4 132.144 91hr01
Molar Mass of Hydrates

Hydrates are compounds that attract and absorb water and how formulas that look like this:

CuSO4 ∙5 H2O

FeCl3∙ 6 H2O

add the water

When calculating the molar mass, we must _____________________________________molecules.
4) What is the molar mass of copper sulfate 5) What is the molar mass of iron chloride hexahydrate?
pentahydrate? Cusoy 51+20•

Feclz •
611-20
= 159.61 +5118.016) 162.2 t 648.016)

= 249.69 91m01 270.2969 / Mol

 Converting between Moles and Mass
6) You have a 10.0 g sample of CaCl2. How many moles 7) How many grams are there in 5.25 moles of carbon
are in this sample? IV. Callz 1m01 Caclz
0g tetrachloride, CCl4? 5. 25m01 Cay 153.81g
Cay
110.989 CAUL 1m01
Ccly
= 0.0901 Mol Caclz =
goggccly
8) How many moles are in 325 grams of C9H8O4? 9) How many grams are found in 5.00 mol of CO2?

325g CqHg04 1m01 Cats 0 5. 00hr01 Coz

44.019002=220.05
= 1. 80m01 Cattgo 180.154g Cqltgo 1m01CO2 2.20×1029
coz

Mole Fractions 10) 0.100 mole of NaCl is dissolved into 100.0 grams of
pure H2O. What is the mole fraction of NaCl?
moles
A mole fraction the number of _________________ of
divided
that component ________________ total
by the _________ Nall __ 0.100min
✗ =

number of moles """

_____________________________in the mixture
HzO= 100.0g H2O 1m01 11-20 =
0.0177
18-0169 mole fraction of
= 5. 551m01 NaCl =
0.0177

11) A solution is prepared by mixing 25.0 g of water,

XA = Mole fraction of A
H2O, and 25.0 g of ethanol, C2H5OH. Determine the mole
fraction of ethanol in this mixture.
nA = number of moles of A
25.0g H2O 1m01 11-20=1 .
zqmo ,
¥q
ntotal = number of moles in total 18.016g H2O = 0.281

CzHs0H mole fraction

25.0g czHgOH 1m01
=
0.543 Of ethanol
Volume of a Gas 46.068g molczltsolt = 0.281

Some reactions use or produce gases, so we need another

conversion factor that allows us to
count atoms _________________________.
_____________________ by volume
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) are a set of
conditions: 0 ℃/273 K and 1 atm.

The volume of any gas at STP is 22.4L. This is known as the

molar volume
__________________________________.

1 mol = 22.4 L

STP
**This conversion is only true at __________**

Converting between Volume at STP and Moles

12) Determine the volume of 9.3 moles of methane gas 13) How many moles are in 2.3 x 104 L of oxygen gas at
at STP. STP?
"
9. 3m01 City 22.4L City 208.32 2.3×10 L 02 1 Mol 02
= = 1.0×103 mo ,
1m, , city 22-4 L Oz Oz
210 Lctty

14) At STP, what is the volume of 0.765 moles of helium? 15) Determine the number of moles in 33.8 L of SO2 gas
at STP
0.765 not the 22.4 L He
= 17.1L 33.8 L 502 1m01 502
1m01 He 1. 51m01 502
He =

22.4 L 502
 The Mole Concept
We can perform multi-step conversions such as going from mass to volume or representative particles to mass using
the mole concept.
16) A copper penny has a mass of 5.60g. How many copper atoms are in the penny?
>
5. 1m01 6.022×102 atoms
60g Cu Cu
= 5.31×1022 atoms CU
63.55g Cu 1m01 Cu

17) What is the mass of 2.5 x 1022 atoms of tungsten?

2.5×1022 atoms 1 moi W
183.849W W
7.6g
=

6. 022×1023 atoms W I MOIW

18) A balloon contains 8.50 L of Neon gas at STP. How many atoms of neon are in the balloon?

8. 50 L Ne 1m01 Ne 6.022×1023 atoms Ne

= 2.29×1023 atoms Ne
22-4 L Ne 1m01 Ne

19) Determine the volume of 14 g of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at STP.

22-4 < N°2
14g Noz 1 MOI N°2
= 6.8 L Noz
46.01g Noz 1m01 N°2