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29 views59 pages

WT Unit 5

Unit 5 wt Aids

Uploaded by

zaidp8256
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Server Side Scripting Languages

Unit 5
By
Asst. Prof. N. D. Dhamale MET IOE ,Nashik
M.E. Computer
PHP: Introduction to PHP, uses of PHP, general syntactic characteristics,

Primitives, operations and expressions, output, control statements, arrays,

functions, pattern matching, form handling, files, cookies, session tracking, using

MySQL with PHP, WAP and WML.

Introduction to ASP.NET : Overview of the .NET Framework, Overview of C#,

Introduction to ASP.NET, ASP.NET Controls, Web Services. Overview of Node JS.


Previous Year University Questions
1. Explain PHP with basic code block for displaying Hello world and list the
advantages of PHP over JSP
2. Write note on: 1] NET framework 2] C#
3. Explain the session tracking and management in PHP.
4. Explain the following : 1] NodeJS 2] WAP & WML
5. Write a PHP script for login form and get user name and password from user.
6. Explain in detail WAP Architecture
7. Write a note on ASP.Net.
8. Explain overview of Node JS
9. Explain different types of arrays in PHP
10.How does connectivity with mySQL work in Php. Explain with example.
11.Write a program to explain control statements in Php.
PHP Introduction
1. PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor"
2. PHP is a widely-used, open source scripting language
3. PHP scripts are executed on the server
4. PHP code is executed on the server, and the result is returned to the browser as
plain HTML
5. PHP is free to download and use
6. PHP files have extension ".php“
7. PHP can generate dynamic page content
8. PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server
9. PHP can collect form data
10. PHP can send and receive cookies
11. PHP can encrypt data
Why PHP?
1. PHP runs on various platforms (Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)

2. PHP is compatible with almost all servers used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)

3. PHP supports a wide range of databases

4. PHP is free. Download it from the official PHP resource: www.php.net

5. PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on the server side


uses of PHP
1. Web Development: PHP is often used to create dynamic web pages and applications. It
can generate HTML content on the fly.
2. Content Management Systems (CMS): Many popular CMS platforms, like WordPress,
Joomla, and Drupal, are built on PHP, allowing users to easily manage website content.
3. E-commerce: PHP powers various e-commerce platforms, such as Magento and
WooCommerce, enabling online shopping features.
4. Database Interaction: PHP is commonly used to interact with databases (like MySQL)
for data storage, retrieval, and management.
5. Form Handling: It can process form data, validate user input, and handle submissions
securely.
6. Session Management: PHP manages user sessions, allowing for personalized
experiences on websites.
7. API Development: PHP can be used to create RESTful APIs, enabling communication
between different software systems.
General syntactic characteristics
1. A PHP script is executed on the server, and the plain HTML result is sent
back to the browser.
2. A PHP script can be placed anywhere in the document.
3. A PHP script starts with <? php and ends with ?>

A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, and some PHP scripting code.
PHP Variables
Variables are "containers" for storing information.

In PHP, a variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable:

Example

$x = 5;

$y = "John";

In the example above, the variable $x will hold the value 5, and the variable $y will
hold the value "John"
Output : PHP echo and print Statements
1. In PHP, output refers to the way you display data to the user
1. echo
2. print
2. echo and print are more or less the same. They are both used to output data to
the screen.

The differences are small:


a) echo has no return value while print has a return value of 1 so it can be
used in expressions.
b) echo can take multiple parameters
c) While print can take one argument.
d) echo is marginally faster than print.
echo
The PHP echo Statement
The echo statement can be used with or without parentheses: echo or echo().

<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "Hello";
//same as:
echo("Hello");
?>
</body>
</html>
echo
The PHP echo Statement
The echo statement can be used with or without parentheses: echo or echo().

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
echo "<h2>PHP is Fun!</h2>";
echo "Hello world!<br>";
echo "I'm about to learn PHP!<br>";
echo "This ", "string ", "was ", "made ", "with multiple parameters.";
?>
</body>
</html>
Q. Explain PHP with basic code block for displaying Hello world
A simple .php file with both HTML code and PHP code:

<html>
<body>
<h1>My first PHP page</h1>
<?php echo "Hello World!"; ?>
</body>
</html>

HTML Structure:
1. The code starts with the <html> tag, indicating the beginning of an HTML document.
2. Inside the <html> tag, there’s a <body> tag, which contains all the content that will be
displayed in the browser.

PHP Code:
1. The <? php ... ?> tags denote the beginning and end of a PHP code block. The server
processes this code before sending the HTML to the browser.
2. echo is a PHP construct that outputs the specified string directly to the browser.
<html>
<body>
<h1>My first PHP page</h1>
<?php echo "Hello World!"; ?>
</body>
</html>

Output
Display Variables using echo

<html>
<body>

<?php

$txt1 = "Learn PHP";


$txt2 = “AI & DS";

echo "<h2>$txt1</h2>";
echo "<p>Study PHP at $txt2</p>";
?>

</body>
</html>

Output
PHP print Statement
The print statement can be used with or without parentheses: print or print()

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
print "Hello";
//same as:
print("Hello");
?>

</body>
</html>
Primitives [Data Type ]
primitive data types are the basic building blocks for data manipulation. PHP
supports several primitive types, which can be classified as follows:

1. Integer: Whole numbers. E.g. $age = 25;


2. Float: Decimal numbers. E.g $price = 19.99;
3. String: Text sequences. E.g $greeting = "Hello, World!";
4. Boolean: True/false values. E.g $value = true;
5. NULL: Indicates no value. E.g $user = null;
Control statements
1. Control statements in PHP allow you to manage the flow of execution in your scripts.
2. They enable you to perform different actions based on certain conditions or repeat
actions multiple times

Conditional Statements
a. if Statement
b. if...else Statement
c. if...elseif...else Statement
d. switch Statement

2. Looping Statements
a. for Loop
b. while Loop
c. do...while Loop
d. foreach Loop
Q. Write a program to explain control statements in Php

Conditional control Statements


a. if Statement
b. if...else Statement
c. if...elseif...else Statement
d. switch Statement

a. if statement - executes some code if one condition is true

Example :
<html>
<body>
<?php
$age=20;
if ($age >= 18)
{
echo "You are an adult.";
}
?>
Output
</body>
</html>
Q. Write a program to explain control statements in Php

Conditional control Statements

b. if...else Statement
Executes one block of code if the condition is true and another block if it’s false.

<html>
<body>
<?php

$age=20;

if ($age >= 18) {


echo "You are an adult.";
} else {
echo "You are a minor.";
}
?> Output
</body>
</html>
Conditional control Statements
c. if...elseif...else Statement : Allows you to check multiple conditions.

<html>
<body>
<?php
$score=77;

if ($score >= 90)


{
echo "Grade: A";
}
else if ($score >= 80)
{
echo "Grade: B";
}
else
{ Output
echo "Grade: C";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
d. switch Statement : selects one of many blocks of code to be executed.

Exmpale
<html>
<body>
<?php
$day="Friday";

switch ($day) {
case "Monday":
echo "Start of the week!";
break;
case "Friday":
echo "End of the workweek!";
break;
default:
echo "Midweek days.";
Output
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Looping Statements

a. for Loop
Used to execute a block of code a specific number of times.

for ($i = 0; $i < 5; $i++)


{
echo $i;

b. while Loop
Executes a block of code as long as the specified condition is true.

$i = 0;
while ($i < 5)
{
echo $i;
$i++;
}
Looping Statements
c. do...while Loop
Similar to the while loop, but it guarantees that the block of code will execute at least once.

$i = 0;
do
{
echo $i;
$i++;
}
while ($i < 5);

d. foreach Loop
Specifically designed for iterating over arrays.

$fruits = array("Apple", "Banana", "Cherry");


foreach ($fruits as $fruit)
{
echo $fruit;
}
PHP Arrays

An array stores multiple values in one single variable

PHP, there are three types of arrays:

1. Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index


2. Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys
3. Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one or more
arrays
PHP Arrays

An array stores multiple values in one single variable

PHP, there are three types of arrays:

1. Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index


2. Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys
3. Multidimensional arrays - Arrays containing one or more
arrays
Indexed Arrays

1. In indexed arrays each item has an index number.


2. By default, the first item has index 0, the second item has item 1, etc.

$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");

<html>
<body>

<?php
$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");
echo $cars[0];
?>

</body>
</html> Output
Volvo
PHP Associative Arrays

Associative arrays are arrays that use named keys that you assign to them.
car = array("brand"=>"Ford", "model"=>"Mustang", "year"=>1964);

<html>
<body>
<?php

$car = array("brand"=>"Ford", "model"=>"Mustang", "year"=>1964);


echo $car["model"];

?>
</body>
</html>

Output

Mustang
PHP Multidimensional Arrays
A multidimensional array is essentially an array that contains one or more arrays as
its elements. $cars = array (
array("Volvo",22,18),
array("BMW",15,13),
array("Saab",5,2),
array("Land Rover",17,15)
);

<html>
<body>
<?php
$cars = array (
array("Volvo",22,18),
array("BMW",15,13),
array("Saab",5,2),
array("Land Rover",17,15)
);
echo $cars[0][0].": In stock: ".$cars[0][1].", sold: ".$cars[0][2].".<br>";
?>
</body>
</html>
PHP User Defined Functions
1. A function is a block of statements that can be used repeatedly in a program.
2. A function will not execute automatically when a page loads.
3. A function will be executed by a call to the function.

A user-defined function declaration starts with the keyword function, followed


by the name of the function

Example
function myMessage()
{
echo "Hello world!";
}
PHP User Defined Functions
Call a Function

To call the function, just write its name followed by parentheses ()

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
function myMessage() {
echo "Hello world!";
}

myMessage();
?>

</body>
</html>
PHP Form Handling
The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form for user input.
The PHP superglobals $_GET and $_POST are used to collect form-data.

GET :
1. Information sent from a form with the GET method is visible to everyone (all variable
names and values are displayed in the URL)
2. GET also has limits on the amount of information to send .
3. The limitation is about 2000 characters
4. GET may be used for sending non-sensitive data.

POST :
1. Information sent from a form with the POST method is invisible to others (all
names/values are embedded within the body of the HTTP request) and has no limits on
the amount of information to send.

2. Moreover POST supports advanced functionality such as support for multi-part binary
input while uploading files to server.
<form> action Attribute
action

The action attribute specifies where to send the form-data when a form is submitted.

Eg.

<form action="/action_page.php" method=“post">


Q. Write a PHP script for login form and get user name and password from user.
Login.php

<html>
<body>
<form action="welcome.php" method="post">
User Name: <input type="text" name="name"><br>
Password : <input type="password" name="pass"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

welcome.php
<html>
<body>
User name <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?><br>
password <?php echo $_POST["pass"]; ?>
</body>
</html>
PHP Cookies
1. A cookie is often used to identify a user.

2. A cookie is a small file that the server embeds on the user's computer.

3. Each time the same computer requests a page with a browser, it will send the cookie too.

With PHP, you can both create and retrieve cookie values.

Create Cookies With PHP


A cookie is created with the setcookie() function.

The setcookie() function must appear BEFORE the <html> tag.


PHP Create/Retrieve a Cookie

1. The following example creates a cookie named "user" with the value “Ntiin ".

2. The cookie will expire after 30 days (86400 * 30). The "/" means that the cookie is
available in entire website (otherwise, select the directory you prefer).

3. We then retrieve the value of the cookie "user" (using the global variable $_COOKIE).

4. We also use the isset() function to find out if the cookie is set
PHP Cookies
<?php
$cookie_name = "Nitin";
$cookie_value = "AI and DS Dept.";
setcookie($cookie_name, $cookie_value, time() + (86400 * 30), "/"); // 86400 = 1 day
?>

<html>
<body>
<?php
if(!isset($_COOKIE[$cookie_name])) {
echo "Cookie named '" . $cookie_name . "' is not set!";
}
else
{
echo "Cookie '" . $cookie_name . "' is set!<br>";
echo "Value is: " . $_COOKIE[$cookie_name];
}
?>

</body>
</html>
PHP File Handling
File handling is an important part of any web application. You often need to open
and process a file for different tasks.

PHP has several functions for creating, reading, uploading, and editing files.

File handling function in PHP


1. readfile() : function is useful if all you want to do is open up a file and read its
contents.
2. fopen() : A better method to open files is with the fopen() function.
1. This function gives you more options than the readfile() function.
2. The first parameter of fopen() contains the name of the file to be opened
and the second parameter specifies in which mode the file should be
opened.
3. fread() : The fread() function reads from an open file.
4. fclose () : The fclose() function is used to close an open file.
Example File Read Operation

<html>
<body>
<?php
$myfile = fopen("webdictionary.txt", "r") or die("Unable to open file!");
echo fread ($myfile,filesize("webdictionary.txt"));
fclose($myfile);
?>
</body>
</html>
Example Write Operation

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<?php
$myfile = fopen("newfile.txt", "w") or die("Unable to open file!");
$txt = "AI & DS Branch \n";
fwrite($myfile, $txt);
fclose($myfile);
?>
</body>
</html>
PHP Sessions
1. A session is a way to store information (in variables) to be used across multiple
pages
2. Unlike a cookie, the information is not stored on the users computer.
3. A session is started with the session_start() function.
4. Session variables are set with the PHP global variable: $_SESSION.
5. The session_start() function must be the very first thing in your document.
Before any HTML tags.
let's create a new page called "demo_session1.php". In this page, we start a new PHP
session and set some session variables:

<?php
// Start the session
session_start();
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
// Set session variables
$_SESSION["favcolor"] = "green";
$_SESSION["favanimal"] = "cat";
echo "Session variables are set.";
?>

</body>
</html>
MySQL with PHP

1. MySQL is the most popular database system used with PHP.


2. The mysqli_connect() function in PHP is a fundamental tool for establishing
a connection to a MySQL database.
3. This function initiates a connection to the MySQL server and returns a
connection object on success, or FALSE failure.
4. Syntax:

mysqli_connect ( "host", "username", "password", "database_name" );

1. host: The hostname or IP address of the MySQL server.


2. username: The username to access the MySQL server.
3. password: The password associated with the given username.
4. database (optional): The name of the database to select upon connection.
5. port (optional): The port number to connect to the MySQL server. Default is 3306.
6. socket (optional): The socket or named pipe to use for the connection.
1. How does connectivity with mySQL work in Php. Explain with example.

<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "username";
$password = "password";

// Create connection
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);

// Check connection
if (!$conn) {
die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "Connected successfully";
?>
WAP and WML
1. WAP [Wireless application protocol]
2. WAP is a protocol that is introduced in 1999, which stands for Wireless application
protocol.
3. It offers Internet communications over wireless devices, such as mobile phones.
4. Most of the wireless networks are supported by WAP.
5. It enables access to the internet in mobile devices and uses the mark-up language like
WML, which stands for Wireless Markup Language that is referred to as XML 1.0
application.
6. A WAP gateway is a server.
WAP Model
1. In the mobile device, the user opens the web browser and access the website and visit
webpages accordingly.
2. The mobile device forwards the URL request to a WAP gateway through the network
using the WAP protocol.
3. Then, the WAP gateway refers to this request over the internet after translating it into a
conventional HTTP URL request.
4. The specified Web server accepts the request and processes the request. Then, it returns
the response to the mobile device in the WML file through the WAP gateway that will be
displayed in the web browser on the device.
WML [Wireless Markup Language ]
1. WML stands for Wireless Markup Language (WML) which is based on HTML
and HDML.
2. It is specified as an XML document type. It is a markup language used to
develop websites for mobile phones.
3. While designing with WML, constraints of wireless devices such as small
display screens, limited memory, low bandwidth of transmission and small
resources have to be considered.
4. WML is used only for WAP sites on mobile phones and can be hosted only be
WAP hosts that support WML
5. WML sites are monochrome.
6. The concept WML follows is that of a deck and card metaphor.
7. A WML document is thought of as made up of many cards.
8. WAP site has many cards. One card will be displayed at a time on the screen,
just like how one page is displayed at a time in an HTML website.
WML [Wireless Markup Language ]
Many cards can be inserted into a WML document, and the WML deck is identified by a
URL. To access the deck, the user can navigate using the WML browser, which fetches the
deck as required

WMLScript : WMLScript is the client-side scripting language of WML in Wireless


Application Protocol(WAP) and whose content is static.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.2//EN"
"-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">

<wml>

<!-- This is first card-->


<card id="one" title="First Card">
<h1> AI and DS </h1>
<p>
AI and DS Branch
</p>
</card>

<!-- This is second card-->


<card id="two" title="Second Card">
<p>
This is created by WML
</p>
</card>

</wml>
Overview of the .NET Framework

Components of .Net Framework


Overview of the .NET Framework

1. The .NET Framework is a software development platform developed by Microsoft.

2. It provides a comprehensive set of libraries, tools, and runtime environments for

building and running applications on Windows-based operating systems.

3. Introduced in the early 2000s, the .NET Framework is designed to be a highly

productive and versatile platform for developing a wide range of applications, from

web and desktop applications to enterprise-level systems.


Net Framework is a platform that provides tools and technologies to develop Windows, Web
and Enterprise applications. It mainly contains two components

1. Common Language Runtime (CLR)


2. .Net Framework Class Library.

1. Common Language Runtime (CLR)

.Net Framework provides runtime environment called Common Language


Runtime (CLR).
2. It provides an environment to run all the .Net Programs. The code which runs under the
CLR is called as Managed Code. Programmers need not to worry on managing the
memory if the programs are running under the CLR as it provides memory management
and thread management.

Programmatically, when our program needs memory, CLR allocates the memory for scope
and de-allocates the memory if the scope is completed.

Language Compilers (e.g. C#, VB.Net, J#) will convert the Code/Program to Microsoft
Intermediate Language (MSIL) intern this will be converted to Native Code by CLR.
2. .Net Framework Class Library (FCL)

This is also called as Base Class Library and it is common for all types of applications i.e.
the way you access the Library Classes and Methods in VB.NET will be the same in C#, and
it is common for all other languages in .NET.

The following are different types of applications that can make use of .net class library.
1. Windows Application.
2. Console Application
3. Web Application.
4. XML Web Services.
5. Windows Services.

3. Common Type System (CTS)

It describes set of data types that can be used in different .Net languages in common. (i.e),
CTS ensures that objects written in different .Net languages can interact with each other.

4. Common Language Specification (CLS)

It is a sub set of CTS and it specifies a set of rules that needs to be adhered or satisfied by all
language compilers targeting CLR. It helps in cross language inheritance and cross language
debugging.
Overview of C#
1. C# (pronounced "C-sharp") is a modern, object-oriented programming language
developed by Microsoft as part of the .NET Framework.
2. It was designed to be simple, powerful, and flexible, with strong support for software
development across a wide range of platforms—from web and mobile applications to
game development and enterprise-level systems.
Key Features of C#
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
1. Encapsulation: C# supports data encapsulation, which allows classes to hide their
internal workings and expose only necessary functionality via public methods and
properties.
2. Inheritance: C# supports inheritance, allowing classes to derive functionality
from other classes and promote code reuse.
3. Polymorphism: C# enables polymorphism through method overriding and
interface implementation, allowing different classes to implement the same
interface in different ways.
4. Abstraction: C# allows for abstract classes and interfaces that enable abstraction,
ensuring that certain implementation details are hidden from the user.
Introduction to ASP.NET
1. ASP.NET is a web application framework designed and developed by Microsoft.
ASP.NET is open source and a subset of the .NET Framework and successor of the
classic ASP(Active Server Pages). With version 1.0 of the .NET Framework, it was first
released in January 2002.
2. ASP.NET is built on the CLR(Common Language Runtime) which allows the
programmers to execute its code using any .NET language(C#, VB etc.).
3. It is specially designed to work with HTTP and for web developers to create dynamic
web pages, web applications, web sites, and web services as it provides a good
integration of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
4. .NET Framework is used to create a variety of applications and services like Console,
Web, and Windows, etc. But ASP.NET is only used to create web applications and web
services. That’s why we termed ASP.NET as a subset of the .NET Framework.
ASP.NET Controls
ASP.NET provides web forms controls that are used to create HTML components

Control Name Applicable Events Description

It is used to display text on


Label None
the HTML page.

It is used to create a text


TextBox TextChanged
input in the form.

It is used to create a
Button Click, Command
button.

It is used to create a button


LinkButton Click, Command that looks similar to the
hyperlink.

It is used to create an
ImageButton Click imagesButton. Here, an
image works as a Button.
It is used to create a hyperlink
Hyperlink None control that responds to a click
event.
It is used to create a dropdown list
DropDownList SelectedIndexChanged
control.
It is used to create a ListBox
ListBox SelectedIndexCnhaged
control like the HTML control.
CancelCommand, EditCommand,
DeleteCommand, ItemCommand, It used to create a frid that is used
SelectedIndexChanged, to show data. We can also perform
DataGrid
PageIndexChanged, paging, sorting, and formatting
SortCommand, UpdateCommand, very easily with this control.
ItemCreated, ItemDataBound
CancelCommand, EditCommand,
DeleteCommand, ItemCommand,
It is used to create datalist that is
DataList SelectedIndexChanged,
non-tabular and used to show data.
UpdateCommand, ItemCreated,
ItemDataBound
CheckBox CheckChanged It is used to create checkbox.

It is used to create a group of


CheckBoxList SelectedIndexChanged
check boxes that all work together.

RadioButton CheckChanged It is used to create radio button.


Web Services
We can now use ASP.NET to create Web Services based on industrial standards
including XML, SOAP, and WSDL.
A Web Service is a software program that uses XML to exchange information with
other software via common internet protocols. In a simple sense, Web Services are a
way of interacting with objects over the Internet.
A web service is
1. Language Independent.
2. Protocol Independent.
3. Platform Independent.
4. It assumes a stateless service architecture.
5. Scalable (e.g. multiplying two numbers together to an entire customer-
relationship management system).
6. Programmable (encapsulates a task).
7. Based on XML (open, text-based standard).
8. Self-describing (metadata for access and use).
9. Discoverable (search and locate in registries)- ability of applications and
developers to search for and locate desired Web services through registries.
This is based on UDDI.
Overview of Node JS
Node.js is an open-source, cross-platform JavaScript runtime environment that
allows developers to run JavaScript code on the server side
Node.js has revolutionized server-side programming by offering an efficient, event-
driven, and non-blocking I/O model.
Let’s explore some key aspects:
1. JavaScript Runtime: Node.js runs on the V8 JavaScript engine, which is also
the core engine behind Google Chrome.
2. Single Process Model: A Node.js application operates within a single process,
avoiding the need to create a new thread for every request.
3. Asynchronous I/O: Node.js provides a set of asynchronous I/O primitives in
its standard library. These primitives prevent JavaScript code from blocking,
making non-blocking behavior the norm.
Overview of Node JS
1. Concurrency Handling: Node.js efficiently handles thousands of concurrent
connections using a single server. It avoids the complexities of managing thread
concurrency, which can lead to bugs.
2. JavaScript Everywhere: Frontend developers familiar with JavaScript can seamlessly
transition to writing server-side code using Node.js.
3. ECMAScript Standards: Node.js supports the latest ECMAScript standards. You can
choose the version you want to use, independent of users’ browser updates.

Reasons to Choose Node.js


1. Easy to Get Started: Node.js is beginner-friendly and ideal for prototyping and agile
development.
2. Scalability: It scales both horizontally and vertically.
3. Real-Time Web Apps: Node.js excels in real-time synchronization.
4. Fast Suite: It handles operations quickly (e.g., database access, network connections).
5. Unified Language: JavaScript everywhere—frontend and backend.
6. Rich Ecosystem: Node.js boasts a large open-source library and supports asynchronous,
non-blocking programming.

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