Anthrax: Bacillus Anthracis

Anthrax
Etiology :
Bacillus anthracis ,virulent strain cotain three protein Protective antigen
,lethal antigen , edema factor .
Epidemiology:
1- World wide in distribution .

2- Morbidity rate may be high among all farm animals and thesusceptiblity is highest
among ruminant followed by horse. And swin.
3- Source of infection ,sporse from the soil or from fodder grown on infected soil,from
contaminated bone meal or protein concentratrat or from infected excreta , blood
or other material .
4- Water can be contaminated by infected carcasses .
5- Spread of organism with in the area by Streams,insect,dogs and other carnivores
,wild bird ,by contamination animal product .
6- Infection gains entrance to the body by ingestion ,inhalation or through the skin .
7- Human can infected and cause fatal human illness (human who eat meat from
infected animals).
Pathogenesis :
After entry of bacteria move to local lymph node ,proliferation , then bacilli pass via
the lymphatic vessels into blood stream .Septicemia ,with massiveinvasion of all
body tissue .
-the organism produce alethal toxin caused edema ,tissue damage death resulting
from shock and acute renal failure .
Clinical Finding
- incubation period 1-2 weeks in cattle, sheep.
1-Peracute form:
Is most common at the beginning of outbreak,animal found dead without
premonitory signs ,the cours 1-2 hr. but fever muscle tremor ,dyspnea and
congestion of mucosa can see .
- The animal soon collapse and die after convulsion .
- After death discharge of blood from nostrils ,mouth ,anus and vulva.
2-Acute form :
-course of the disease 48 hr.
- sever depression and listlessness observed first.,high body temperature .
- Respiration is rapid and deep,mucosa congested and hemorrhagic.
- no food is taken and ruminal stasis.
- pregnant cow may abort, reduce milk production and maybe blood stained or
deep yellow color.
- diarrhea and dysentery.local edema of tongue and in the
throat,sternum,perineum and flank .
Clinical Pathology :
1-in living animal the organism can detected in stained smear of peripheral blood .
2- when there islocal edema the smearfrom edema fluid 3-serological test .
Necropsy Finding :
1- absence of rigor mortis and the carcases undergoes gaseous decomposition
2- All natural orifice usually exude dark tarry blood which dose not clot and
putrefaction and bloating are rapid .
3- Present of ecchymotic hemorrhage ,through out the body tissue .
4- Severenteritis and gross enlargement of spleen with softening and liquefaction of its
structure are certain indication of the presence of anthrax. Differential Diagnosis :
Sudden death
1- Electrical storms , careful examinationof environment
2- Peracute black leg ,it restricted to young animal ,crepitation swelling .
3- Acute leptospirosis ,occur sporadically and Hburia .
4- Bacliiary hemoglobinuria ,Hburia , infarcts in liver .
5- Peracute lead poisoning ,
6- Hypomagnesemia tetany .
7- Acute bloat ,gaseous distension and exudation of blood from the orifice Treatment
:
Rx - seves ill animal are unlikely to recover.
1- penicillin 10000 unit bw. Twice daily
2- streptomycin 8-10 gm/day two dose im for cattle
3- oxytetracyclin 5mg /kgbw./day at vaccination
In cattle and sheep
-procainepenicillin and streptomycin in larg dose at 12 hr.intervals and antiserum for
at least 5 days .
Control :
1-cntrol meat and milk producing animals in infected herd.
2-when outbreak occur placing the farm in quarantine ,destruction of discharges
and cadavers and vaccination of survivors.
3-infected carcase should not opened but immediately burned or buried with
bedding 2meter deepand the incontact animals must segregated until cases ceas
for 2 weeks ,and the animal give hyperimmun serum and used disinfection 5%lysol
incontactnwith spores for at least 2 days ,formalin or hydroxid 5-10% 4-vaccination
:
- living attenuated strain of organism.
- avirulent spore vaccine one or two dose use in sheep.
In enzootic area annual revaccination of all stock ,milk from vaccinated cow is
usually discarded for 72 hr. after injection .
- Stern vaccine ,the organism not appear in milk nor can isolated from blood for 10
and 7 days after vaccination .

Anthrax: Bacillus Anthracis

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anthrax: Bacillus Anthracis

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anthrax: Bacillus Anthracis

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anthrax

Bacillus anthracis ,virulent strain cotain three protein Protective antigen

,lethal antigen , edema factor .

1- World wide in distribution .

You might also like