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Lesson 5 - The Process of Reproduction

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Lesson 5 - The Process of Reproduction

Uploaded by

henry regal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Gender and Society

Main Reference: Gender and Society: A Human Ecological Approach


by: Peralta, Atty. Eric Paul, etal. 2019. Rex Bookstore
Course Outline
• Gender and Sexuality as a Social Reality
• Biomedical Perspective in Gender and Sexuality
• Psychosocial Perspective in Gender and Sexuality
• Political-Legal Perspective in Gender and Sexuality
• Some Cross-Cutting Issues in Gender and Sexuality
The Process of Reproduction
• Define fertilization, conception, pregnancy.
• Explain how pregnancy occurs and its
prevention.
• Identify the complications of early
pregnancy in the growing adolescent.
Female puberty usually
begins at about 8-13 years
of age; the reproduction
maturation of boys lags
about two years behind
that of girls. The physical
changes of female puberty
include breast
development, rounding of
the hips and buttocks,
growth of the hair in the
pubic region and the
underarm, and the start of
menstruation.
How does on Ovulate?
Menstrual Cycle
• the monthly ovulation cycle that
leads to menstruation in the
absence of pregnancy.
• from the first day of a period
until the last day before the next
period starts. Normally, its lasts
around 28 days, on the average,
but can be as short as 21 days or
as long as 40. Whatever the
length, ovulation will happen
about 10-16 days before the start
of the next period.
How Does Pregnancy Occur
• The sperm needs to meet up
with an egg. It officially starts
when he fertilized egg
implants in the lining of the
uterus.
• Conception is the process that
begins with fertilization of an
egg by the sperm and ends
with implantation.
Ejaculation or coming releases the sperm via the penis into
the vagina. The sperm swims through the female cervix, into
the womb, and finally into the fallopian tubes. Once the egg
or ovum has been released into the fallopian tube, hundreds
of sperm swim up to reach it. Finally, the sperm penetrates
the egg in the fallopian tube where fertilization takes place
and eventually becomes an embryo.
Once the embryo (fertilized egg) attaches to the inner lining of the
uterus (endothelium), a fetus develops within 5 to 7 days from a
ball of cells floating in the uterus, which officially begins
pregnancy.

A normal pregnancy lasts 37-42 weeks (9 months). This is


measured from the first day of the last period.
Teen pregnancy has a tremendous impact on the educational, social,
and economic lives of young people. Although there is a decline in
teenage pregnancy rates it has been steady over the past two decades.

Equipping the youth with the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary
to protect themselves against unwanted pregnancy and provide them
access to reproductive healthcare are needed.
Type of How it Effectiv Benefits Instructi Benefits
Contrac Works eness on for other
eptive Use than
Method Contrac
eption
Birth Alters Theoreti Low Taken None
Control ovulatio cally 99- cost, daily
Pill: n 100%, easily after
contains process but availabl menstru
syntheti women e, and al cycle
c have controll begins
oestrog conceiv ed by
en ed on the
the woman
Birth Not Given None
Control known by the
Injection doctor
: given in
the first
days of
the
menstru
ation
and then
every 2-
3
months
Withdra Prevent Theoreti No cost, Depend None
wal: s the cally, under ent on
removal semen 85% but the the man
of the from in control
pens going reality, of the
from into the about man
the vagina 70% and the
vagina woman
before involved
ejaculati
on
Intraute Inserted Theoreti Long Inserted None
rine inside cally, lasting by the
Device the 95-98% and doctor in
(IUD) uterus relativel the first
by a y few days
doctor inexpen of
sive menstru
ation;
should
be
examine
d every
few
months
Male Rolled 80-85% Low Do not Can be
Condom over the cost, use with effective
: rubber penis easily oil- in
sheath accessib based preventi
that fits le, and lubrican on of
over the reduces ts such STIs and
penis risk of as HIV/AID
STDs/ST creams S
Is and
lotions
Implant Continu Not Continu Implant None
able ous known ous of the
Hormon release birth capsule
e of control in the
Device: hormon for five upper
continu es years arm,
ous done by
release the
of doctor
hormon
e
Calendar Allows Theoreti No cost Woman None
Method: the cally and must
woman
woman 85% but under keep
predicts
the day
to keep in the track
of track of reality control with the
ovulation ‘safe” about of the help of
by days for 60% woman a
keeping a sex calendar
calendar
of the
length of
each
menstrua
l cycle
Sterilizati Allows Theoreti No cost Woman None
on: the cally and must
vasectom
woman 85% but under keep
y for
males
to keep in the track
and tubal track of reality control with the
ligation ‘safe” about of the help of
for days for 60% woman a
females sex calendar

Note: Some of the methods are intrusive in nature


and have side effects that may be harmful. The user
must examine its pros and cons before making a
choice.
What are the
health effects of
early teenage
pregnancy
among growing
adolescent?
• A young woman’s body is not mature enough to
handle bearing a child. When a woman is under 20,
the pelvic area (the bone surrounding he birth
cabal) is till growing ad may not be large enough to
allow the baby to easily pass through the birth canal
(obstructed labor) which may require “caesarean
section.”
• High maternal mortality rate. If a young woman is
not physically mature, he uterus may tear during
the birth process, and she may die because of blood
loss.
• A baby’s head can also tear the vagina causing a
hole between he vagina and bladder or between
the vagina and the rectum (fistula).
• Excessive vomiting
• Severe anemia
• Hypertension
• Convulsions
• Difficulty in breastfeeding (if the girl is
too young to produce milk)
• Premature and low birth weight babies
• Infection
• Prolonged labor
• High maternal mortality or death.
Prevention is better than cure.
How does this relate to teenage
pregnancy?

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