Circular

Functions
 At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

O
B
J
E
1. illustrate the different circular
C functions;
T
I 2. uses reference angles to find exact
V
E values of circular functions.
S
 UNIT CIRCLE
The unit circle is y

D
a circle with a (0,1)
E radius of 1.
F
I On the
N coordinate
I 𝜃
T plane, origin is (-1,0) (1,0)
x

I the center of the

O unit circle.
N

(0,-1)
UNIT CIRCLE
y

1 60° 1 Shorter leg (half of

hypotenuse)
30° 90° 2
𝟑 x
𝟐
Longer leg
( 𝟑 ∙ 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒆𝒈)
𝟏
𝟑 ∙
𝟐
UNIT CIRCLE
y

3 1
,
2 2
1 60° 1
30° 90° 2
𝟑 x
𝟐
 UNIT CIRCLE
y

2 2
1 a ,
2 2

1 45°
a 𝟐
2
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 45° 90°

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑎2 𝟐 x

𝑐 2 = 2𝑎2 𝟐

𝑐=𝑎 𝟐

1=𝑎 𝟐

𝟐
𝑎=
2
UNIT CIRCLE
y 𝟏 𝟑
,
𝟐 𝟐

30°

1 𝟑
𝟐

60° 90°

1 x

2
Terminal Points/ Trigonometric Points
 UNIT CIRCLE
𝟎, 𝟏 1 3
𝝅 ,
y 𝝅 2 2
𝟐
𝟑 2 2
𝟗𝟎° 𝝅 ,
2 2
𝟒
𝟔𝟎°
3 1
𝟒𝟓° 𝝅 ,
2 2
𝟔
𝟑𝟎°

−𝟏, 𝟎 𝝅 𝟏𝟖𝟎° 𝟎° 𝟎 𝟏, 𝟎
x

𝟐𝟕𝟎°

𝟑𝝅
𝟐
𝟎, −𝟏
 UNIT CIRCLE
1 3 y
− ,
2 2

30°
Longer leg 1
( 𝟑 ∙ 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒆𝒈) 𝟑
𝟏 𝟐
𝟑 ∙ 120°
𝟐
90° 60°
1 x
2

Shorter leg (half of

hypotenuse)

𝜃𝑟 = 180- 𝜃 °
𝜃𝑟 = 180°- 120°
𝜃𝑟 = 60°°
 UNIT CIRCLE
𝟎, 𝟏 1 3
1 3
− , 𝝅 ,
2 2 𝟐𝝅 y 𝝅 2 2
𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 2 2
2 2
− , 𝟗𝟎° 𝝅 ,
2 2 𝟑𝝅 2 2
𝟒 𝟒
𝟏𝟐𝟎° 𝟔𝟎°
3 1 𝟓𝝅
3 1
− , 𝟏𝟑𝟓° 𝟒𝟓° 𝝅 ,
2 2 𝟔 2 2
𝟔
𝟏𝟓𝟎° 𝟑𝟎°

−𝟏, 𝟎 𝝅 𝟏𝟖𝟎° 𝟎° 𝟎 𝟏, 𝟎
x

𝟐𝟕𝟎°

𝟑𝝅
𝟐
𝟎, −𝟏
 UNIT CIRCLE
y
Longer leg
( 𝟑 ∙ 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒆𝒈)
𝜃𝑟 = 𝜃 -180° 𝟏
𝟑 ∙
𝟐
𝜃𝑟 = 210°-180° 𝟑
𝟐
𝜃𝑟 = 30°° 210°

Shorter leg (half of 90° 30° x

hypotenuse)
1
2 60° 1
 UNIT CIRCLE
y

𝟑
𝟐
90° 30° x
1
210°
2 60° 1
3 1
− ,−
2 2
 UNIT CIRCLE
𝟎, 𝟏 1 3
1 3
− , 𝝅 ,
2 2 𝟐𝝅 y 𝝅 2 2
𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 2 2
2 2
− , 𝟗𝟎° 𝝅 ,
2 2 𝟑𝝅 2 2
𝟒 𝟒
𝟏𝟐𝟎° 𝟔𝟎°
3 1 𝟓𝝅
3 1
− , 𝟏𝟑𝟓° 𝟒𝟓° 𝝅 ,
2 2 𝟔 2 2
𝟔
𝟏𝟓𝟎° 𝟑𝟎°

−𝟏, 𝟎 𝝅 𝟏𝟖𝟎° 𝟎° 𝟎 𝟏, 𝟎
x
𝟐𝟏𝟎° 𝟑𝟑𝟎°

𝟕𝝅 𝟑𝟏𝟓° 𝟏𝟏𝝅 3 1
3 1 𝟐𝟐𝟓°
− ,− 𝟔 𝟔 ,−
2 2 𝟐𝟒𝟎° 𝟑𝟎𝟎° 2 2
𝟓𝝅 𝟕𝝅 2 2
2 2 𝟒 𝟐𝟕𝟎° 𝟒 ,−
− ,− 2 2
2 2 𝟒𝝅 𝟓𝝅
1 3 𝟑𝝅 1 3
𝟑 𝟑
− ,− 𝟐 ,−
2 2 𝟎, −𝟏 2 2
 𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑦
sine 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑟
𝑥
cosine 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑟

𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑦
tangent 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 = =
𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑥

ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑟
cosecant 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 = =
𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑦

ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝑟
SohCahToa secant 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗
= 𝑥

𝑎𝑑𝑗 𝑥
cotangent 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 = =
𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝑦
 Circular Functions
Let 𝜽 be an angle in standard position and
D
P(𝜽) = P(𝒙, 𝒚) the point on its terminal side on
E
F the unit circle. Define
I 1
N sin𝜃 = 𝑦 csc𝜃 =
𝑦
I
T cos𝜃 = 𝑥 1
I s𝑒𝑐𝜃 =
O 𝑥
N 𝑦 𝑥
tan𝜃 = , 𝑥 ≠ 0 cot𝜃 = , 𝑦 ≠ 0
𝑥 𝑦
 Circular Functions

E
X 1. Find the value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠135°. −
𝟐 𝟐
,
𝟐 𝟐
A
M 𝟐
𝑐𝑜𝑠135° = −
𝟐
P
L
E Unit Circle

Unit Circle
Ex. 2

Ex. 2
 UNIT CIRCLE
𝟎, 𝟏 1 3
1 3
− , 𝝅 ,
2 2 𝟐𝝅 y 𝝅 2 2
𝟐
𝟑 𝟑 2 2
2 2
− , 𝟗𝟎° 𝝅 ,
2 2 𝟑𝝅 2 2
𝟒 𝟒
𝟏𝟐𝟎° 𝟔𝟎°
3 1 𝟓𝝅
3 1
− , 𝟏𝟑𝟓° 𝟒𝟓° 𝝅 ,
2 2 𝟔 2 2
𝟔
𝟏𝟓𝟎° 𝟑𝟎°

−𝟏, 𝟎 𝝅 𝟏𝟖𝟎° 𝟎° 𝟎 𝟏, 𝟎
x
𝟐𝟏𝟎° 𝟑𝟑𝟎°

𝟕𝝅 𝟑𝟑𝟎° 𝟏𝟏𝝅 3 1
3 1 𝟐𝟐𝟓°
− ,− 𝟔 𝟔 ,−
2 2 𝟐𝟒𝟎° 𝟑𝟎𝟎° 2 2
𝟓𝝅 𝟕𝝅 2 2
2 2 𝟒 𝟐𝟕𝟎° 𝟒 ,−
− ,− 2 2
2 2 𝟒𝝅 𝟓𝝅
1 3 𝟑𝝅 1 3
𝟑 𝟑
− ,− 𝟐 ,−
2 2 𝟎, −𝟏 2 2 Back on ex. 1

Back on ex. 1
 Circular Functions

E 2. Find the value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛135°. − 𝟐 , 𝟐

𝟐 𝟐
X 𝟐
A 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝑡𝑎𝑛135° = = ∙− =
M 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 −𝟐 𝟐
−
P 𝟐 = −𝟏
L
E 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟏𝟑𝟓° = −𝟏
Unit Circle
 Circular Functions

E
X
A 3. Find the value of sin(−60°). 1
2
,−
2
3

M
P sin(−60°) = 𝟑
L −
𝟐
E Next slide

Unit Circle Next slide

 Circular Functions

E 4. Find the value of sec(−60°). 1

2
,−
2
3

X
𝟏 𝟐
A sec(−60°) =
𝟏 = 𝟏 ∙ =𝟐
𝟏
M 𝟐
P
L
E sec −60° = 2 Next slide

Unit Circle Next slide

 Circular Functions

D
E
F
I
N
I
T
I
O
N
trigonometric functions
 Circular Functions
Let s be any real number. Suppose 𝜃 is the
D angle in standard position with measures
E rad. Then we define
F
I csc 𝑠 = csc𝜃
N sin 𝑠 = sin𝜃
I
T cos 𝑠 = cos𝜃 sec 𝑠 = s𝑒𝑐𝜃
I
O
N tan s = tan𝜃 cot 𝑠 = cot𝜃