Itis one of the easiest chapters which contributes almost 6-8% problems in Quantitative Aptitude Section of CAT. Besides there are several other aptitude tests which includes plethora of questions from this topic itself. Therefore it is advised that those students who are not so good in other sections such as algebra or sort of logical questions they must ‘emphasise on this chapter. Even the questions asked from this chapter are not as much complex as in Geometry. Definition : | Mensuration is a science of measurement, ofthe lengths of lines, areas of surfaces and volumes of solids. Planes: Planes are two dimensional ie, these two dimensions are namely length and breadth. These occupy surface. Solids: Solids are three dimensional, namely length, breadth and height. These occupy space. Mem | aay a dye abn CONVERSION OF SOME IMPORTANT UNITS | )TUNNIN 1 km = 10 hectometre =100 decametre =1000 metre = 10,000 decimetre (00,000 centimetre = 10,00,000 millimetré 1 hectare = 10,000 square metre 1 are =100 square metre 1 square hectometre = 100 square decametre 1 square decametre = 100 square metre 1 square metre = 100 square decimetre | square decimetre = 100 square centimetre 1 square centimetre = 100 square millimetre v2=1.414, V3=1.732, V5 =2.236, V6 =2.45 Weight = Volume x density 2-D Figures (Plane figures) Figure Nomenclature ern | F 5 [i tength Ixb=Ib 21+26=2(1+) b| |b—>breadth b 1 d 2 2. | Square aside @axa=a* atatata=4a 'd— diagonal a a ja d=ay2 o> z Triangle , band care three sides | ,. 1 =! (Scalene) of triangle and s the | 3% O%* ere semiperimeter, where | (ji 7 M (a3) Gi) S(6=a) 6-H G—9) 2 —— bisthe base and his tho| ™*" rmala) altitude of triangle .each other and h is the perpendicular distance between parallel sides triangle h—>height or altitude 2/,| \e aa a Isoseles a> equal sides ah triangle : b— base “ +h height or altitude ‘il 4 apa i) 7x bx faa? = 9? oe b 2 Right angled b> base 1 6 + i +hed triangle ‘A d A> altitudemeight Fie d— diagonal b d=yb +h? b Isosceles right a5 Saqual side toe pace angled triangle d d diagonal | d=av2 a ‘Quadrilateral © | AC is the diagonal and|1 AB+BC+CD + AD D it hy hy ae the altitudes on|2* 46%“ +2) AC from the vertices D and B respectively A 8 Parallelogram a aand b are sides adjacent | ax h 2(a +b) : to each other. h > | h—> distance between the parallel sides a |. | Rhombus D, 2 © |a—reachequal sideof [ly 4 xa, 4a Ne] rhombus a [a | and d, are the diagonals: @™~ 4, > BD a f |aaac Trapezium oa! ¢ _—_| a and bare parallel sides to |(a+5 AB +BC+CD + ADa reach of the equal side hexagon, 13. [Regular a—reach of equal side |2a? (1+./2) Ba ‘octagon 14, | Circle ry radius of the circle | nr? 2nr (called a n= 22 =3,1416(approx) —— 15. | Semicirele 1r—>radius of the circle mr+2r 16. | Quadrant 7 rradius Me? oe 2 17. | Ring or circular | Router radius n(R? =r?) (outer) > 2nR path (shaded 7 —> inner radius (inner) — 2a region) 18. |Sector of a |O — centre of the circle a 2 8 1+2r circle r > radius Or" S608 1 length of the are Tt 16 -> angle of the sector Gsrxt (sex) 1=2n 360°. 19, |Segment of a }O-rangle of the sector _| Area of segment ACB circle r > radius (minor segment) ‘AB > chord ; ‘ =?(70__sino ACB arc of the circle |=" (= ae 20. | Pathways |r tength (+ b—w)w 2(1+6)-4w running across ia b> breadth =2[1+b-2] the middle of a w—>width of the path (road) rectangle ~ w. | ’ 1 —__(inner) >2(1+6) b> breadth w—> widthness of the path 1 len +b+20)20 ee lrbeaan oe) aad 40) > widthness of the path . Teng (l+b-2m)2w | (outer) +2 (+ 5) (nner) 921+ 5-40) 3, Diagonal ofa rectangle = (engin + Creasy? = YP + B® 4. Diagonal of square = side? +side? =side /2 = av2 5. Perimeter ofa rectangle =2 (length + breadth) =2(1+ 6) 6. Perimeter of a square = 4x side = 4a 7. Area of four walls of a room =2 (/+6)x A [GuPLEL The lengeh and Breadth ofa rectangular room Gre 15 inand 6m respectively: * (@) Find the perimeter of room. % ) Find the area of the floor of room. (@ Find the maximum possible length of the rod that can be ho pu on the floor. a SOLUTION (a) Perimeter = 2(15+ 8)= 46m ) Area of floor = 15 x8 = 120 m? (© Length of diagonal = G5)? + @F =17m {TI The maximum possible longth of any rod that can be placed on @ eee eh peel te ee tor On ea pape rese pe ‘io "CANPLE 2°The side of a sgiar’ shaped garden ti 20 m, Find the! 5 © weaofthe garden © perimeter (or boundary) ofthe garden i ee ‘maximum possible distance between ary two comers of Bi mtd: é pedal "SUMO (a Aiea = (ie = 20# = 400m? square mex) to primer = 4 si 4x20= 80m Diagonal = side Y2 = 20 x /2 = 201.414 = 28.28m Bann? ah fa none on Gol el Seatanier Retbone tend a SOLUTION d=P +b? => 13=/12+b* bee Area = [xb=12x5= 60m? TEXAMPLE 4 ‘The length of a rectangle is 1 cm more than its breadth. The diagonal is 29 em. Pind the area ofthe rectangle. Be (@) 481 cm* ate On cm? te © 420 em? "@ 870m = SOLUTION I=@+1) and d= (P40 = (0+ 17 +P =29 = #+b=420 > b=20 le21 ‘Area = 1x = 420 em? TEXAMPLE'S The length of walls 5/4 times of ts heighe” If ehe! “area of the wall be 180 m?. What is the sum of the length and height [ofthe wall) oy, 2 AR Yeh 3 | SOLUTION Let the length be Sx and height be 4x then Lich = 180 = Sx x 4x = 20x? > x=3 si Lt hei5+12=27 Alternatively : 1.254? =180S7ay) 31. The ratio of the area of a square to that of the square Grawn on its diagonal is : @) 1:2 Mensuration, 32, The length and breadth of a square are increased by 60% and 40% respectively. The area of the resulting (b) 1:2 rectangle exceeds the area of the square by Ou (1:4 (@) 224% (b) 24% (©) 124% (d) 100% Pi ‘An important property : In A ‘an equilateral A. perpendiculars (1) Areaofatriangle=+ x base x height (General formula) drawn from all the three vertices > intersect each other in the ratio of 2 (Q) Area of an scalene triangle be + 1 from the vertex tothe base. =s(s-a) 6-5) (6-0) where s is the semiperimeter of the triangle and F c @,bandc are the three sides of the triangle, +b+e (-***) (Scalene triangle : A triangle whose all sides are different in length) 3) Area ofa right angle triangle 1 x base x height 2 ight (Right angle triangle : A triangle in which two sides ‘are perpendicular) Also, Hypotenuse = «/(base)? + (height)? (4) Area of an equilateral triangle —ly siden“ side be ide)? peste Fae) 7 (side) (Equilateral triangle: A triangle in which all the ‘three sides are equal also all the three internal angles are equal) Height of an equilateral triangle (1) = 4 xside Os the centre of two circles. Circle PQ) incircle (touching the sides) and circle ABC is called as circumecircle (touching the vertices) [EXAMPLE 1 The base of @ right"angied triangle is'8.cm and “fopotenuse is 17 em. Find ts area. eas SOLUTION Hypotenuse = (base) + (alitudey 07) = (64+ (x? a > 2a9=644x% om) Vom = x? 2225 = x= 15cm ee area = 1 xbase xaltnde (height is called altude also) =i xexis 2" = 60 ca? TEXAMPLE 2 Find te area ofan equilateral triangle whose sides SOLUTION Aves ofan equilateral rangle = 3 (side? Sar Braseinent \ength of ts hypotenuse is 10cm. The length ofthe shorter le is: AS am. SOLUTION aoatrillckaer diate reroneioria @)4en' H? = A? +B? =100 cm? area= 5 0A xB bem > @3em_ 3)Mensuration ee. > AxB=48 cm? a . (A+ BY =A? +B? + Dap (A+ By =196 5 = ASBa14 ‘Ain (A-By = A? 5? 208 > (A-Bye 4 2 A-B=2 Therefore by solving equation (1) and (2) we get A=8 and B=6 ‘Therefore the shorter leg is 6 em. Alternatively : Go through options. Jxaxp=24 > AxB=48 Letus assume B =6, then A= Now, A? +B? =100 (y + (67 = 100 100 = 100 Hence choice (c) is correct. TBAMPLE 4 Find the area and perimeter ofa triangle whose Sides (are 17 cm, 8 cm and 15 cm long. aii SOLUTION Since 8% +15 =17? 64+ 225= 289 289 = 289 1. What is the area of the triangle whose sides are 84 m, 80 m and 52 m? (@) 1620 sq.m (b) 2016 sq.m (©) 1818 sq.m (¢) none of these 2. Two poles 15 m and 30 m high stand upright in a play ground. If their feet be 36 m apart, find the distance between their tops. @ 41m (b) 36 m © 39m (d) none of these 3. The sides of a triangle are 25 m, 39 m and 56 m respectively. Find the perpendicular distance from the vertex opposite to the side 56 m. (@ 15m (b) 16.5 m (©) 18.6m (@2im 4. ABC is a triangle and D, E, F are the mid-points of the sides BC, CA, AB respectively. The ratio of the areas of 4 ABC and 4 DEF is : (a) 4: © (b) 5:1 (@) can't be determined 375 Hence itis aright angled triangle. 1 rca} xb oN =tx1sx8 2 a5 = 60 oa? and perimeter = 8 + 15+ 17 = 40cm TEXAMPLE'S ‘Find the area and perimeter ofan isosceles triangle howe equal sides are 5 cm each and base is 6 em. fi SOLUTION Area ofan isosceles triangle b 2 2 ae 7 -¢ qx25— 36 B =5xJ64=12cm? Alternatively : We know that the ¢ altude CD bisects the base AB in the isosceles triangle ABC. Som Som AD = BD =30n Using Pythagorus theorem in A ADC we have, Acne ae —eem— seat} tse eet 5. 1x6 x42 12cm? a x6 x4e12 ‘Also, the perimeter of tangle = 5+ 5+ 6 = 16 em The integral base of an area is 60 crn? and the I 130m: (2) 20m (© 16cm Aladder is resting with INTRODUCTORY EXERCISE-10.2 isosceles triangle can be whose length of one of the equal sides is (b) 10cm (@) data insufficient one end in contact with the top of ‘a wall of height 60 m and the other end on the ground is at a distance of 11 m from the wall. The length of the ladder is : (@) 61m (©) 87m ‘The base of a triangular: (b) 71m (d) mone of these dis three times its height. If the cost of cultivating the field is Rs. 36.72 per hectare is Rs. 495.72, find the height and base of the triangular field : (@) 480 m, 1120 m (©) 300 m, 900 m If every side of a triang area of the triangle is : (a) 200% (©) 400% (b) 400 m, 1200 m (@) 250 m, 650m gle is doubled, then increase in (b) 300% (@) none of these‘S76 9. If the altitude of an equilateral triangle is 2V3, then its area is: (@) 43 on? (b) 12/3 en? © 5 on? (©) none of these 1. (a) Area of parallelogram = base (b) x height (#) (b) Area of parallelogram = product of any two adjacent side * x sine of the included angle 2. Perimeter =2 (sum of any two adjacent sides) 3, (a) Area of rhombus = (product of diagonals) 1 =i xd; 2*ae (b) Area of rhombus = product of adjacent sides x-sine of the angle included by them 4, Perimeter of rhombus = 4 side 5. Areaof trapezium = x sum of parallel sides eight ‘ height > distance between the two parallel sides ~ 6. Perimeter of trapezium = sum of all the four sides Mensuratio, 10. |f the perimeter of an equilateral triangle and a squar same and the area of equilateral triangle is Pang yt area of square is Q, then : e (P< (P>O (by P radius of the circle) 2. Circumference of the circle =20R ° . tan (2. 3, Length of an are (=) (are x R) 4, Area ofa sector = xR? x) 360° 2 5. Ares of eeginent ~na?( 0) Bano Diameter =2.x radius 0B =0A —> radius a 8 4B diameter TGeamPue 1 The radis of creutar wheel i137, How mary |peolutions willie make in travelling 11:Km?. vo £8) SOLUTION Total distance (travelled) = 11 km =11000m Distance travelled in one revolution : = circumference of the wheel 2,7 eaxexredx2 Zonm a 7-4 1000 : umber of revolutions in 11 km = > = 1000 revolution Bani ies 18.5 a ope if fhe ala ‘thet ofradius 17 cm. How much paint is required to paint a similar freulonsheer with double the radius? «9-200 SOLUTION Ratio of radii=1: 2 * Ratio of areas = 1: 4 Area of -3-14-4) (sce et 2x2 74, «Quantity of required paint is 4 times Thus we need 4 «13.5 = 54 ml paint. TEXAMPLE 3 circular road runs round a circular garden. If the difference between the circumference ofthe outer circle and the inner circle is 44 m, Find the width ofthe road. ‘a SOLUTION Let R and be radii of outer circle and inner circle respectively : ‘Width of the road = R ~r : ot r= bad meR-n=4m : Gore (eel TEXAMPLE 4°"7he radi of @eirete is 5 m. What is the radius of ‘another irl whose area is 25 times tha of the frst? | SOLUTION Ratio of areas = (ratio of radii)* 23 «(ato of aid? = ootet=$ ‘Therefore radius of another circle is 5 times ene the reed dis = 25 TBeiPLe 5° What isthe rads of a circle whose area is equal to ithesum of the areasof voces whose ai are20 cm and21 |Mensuration 17. The circumference of the following figure is : (2) @0 + 10x) (b) 20% (10x (@) 30x 200m 18, The area of a minor sector subtending the central angle at the centre 40° is 8.25 crm’, What is the area of the remaining part (i.e., major sector) of the circle? (@) 82.5 en? (b) 74.25 on? (©) 66cn? (@) none of these 19, The area of a sector of a circle of radius 8 cm, formed by an arc of length 5.6 cm, is (2) 22.4cn? (b) 2.24 en? (©) 56 cn? (@) none of these 20, How long will a man take to go, walking at 13.2 km/h, round a circular garden of 700 m radius? (@) 12 minute (b) 30 minute (©) 20 minute (@) none of these 21. What is the radius of circular field whose area is equal to the sum of the areas of three smaller circular fields of radii 8 m, 9 m and 12 m respectively? wisz9 @ 17m (b) 20m © 21m (@) 29m A rope by which a calf is tied is decreased from 23 m to 12 m. What is the decrease in area to be grazed by it? (a) 1110 nr? (b) 1210 n? (©) 120m (@) 1221 mn? A wire is bent in the form of a square of side 66 m. It is cut and again bent in the form of a circle. The diameter of this circle is: (@) 42m (b) 84m © 21m (A) none of these . A wire is in the form of a circle of radius 42 m is cut and again bent in the form of a square. What is the diagonal of the square? (@) 66m (b) 66V3 m (©) 66v2 m (2) none of these If the driving wheel of a bicycle makes 560 revolutions in travelling 1.1 km. Find the diameter of the wheel : (a) 31.5em (b) 30.5 em (©) 625m (@) none of these 22. 23. 25. Ge SA EP 4 me. | Curved/Lateral | Total surface Vol Nommemare | Vote | Uewacenren [ou aeen J length Toh 20+ d)h 2 (lb+ bh + hi) b> breadth hh height a — edgelside a 4a? 6a? rrradius of base | xr7h 2nrh Jnr (h+r) h—> height of the f cylinder : 4 r>radius Lh ml mr (+7) [height 3 1 1 slant height a ae ‘Mensuratog Ms. ee Tra [Pe Vane [CarvedLateral] Toy > in Five, | 2 Mme S| Figure Nomenclature a surface area_| surface arg, S: |Righttriangular __ area of basex height | perimeter of base | lateral sur. prism xheight area +2 (areg of base) h Base 6. | Right pyramid = 1 area ofthe base x| x perimeter of] !teral surice : 3 2 area + area op rage height ‘the base x slant| the base height 7. |Sphere = ry radius —— Ane? Hemisphere cae radius 28 amr? Snr? 3 9, | Spherical shell r—>inner radius | 4 .¢p3 _,3 — 4m [R? +r") R > outer radius 10. |Frustum of a| 4 _ Ry yd 2) [e+ R)L lateral surfice | eer i : Bh(? +Rr+R?) Eee n[R? +r] A (1 length, b > breadth, h > height) Cuboid : A cuboid has 6 faces, 12 edges, 8 vertices and 4 diagonals. Faces: Cube: A- cube has 6 ABCD, EFGH, ABEH;CFGD, equal faces, 12 equal edges, 8 BCFE, ADGH vertices and 4 equal diagonals Edges: AB, BC, CD, AD, i EF, FG, GH, EH, BE, CF, DG, AH Volume : (a)' Vertices : 4, B,C, D, E,F,G,H ‘Total surface area =6(@)? Diagonals: AF, BG, CH, DE Formulae: Volume =/x bx h (edge of the cube) : eee —_ Diagonal (d) = a3 Total surface area =2 (Ib+ bh + hi) Diagonal (d)=\/" +6? +h? Euler's Theorem — (V +) =(E +2); where V ~> no. of vertices, F -> no. of faces, E —> no. of edges "Mensuration ‘28. If the length of diagonal of a cube is 6V3 cm, then the (a) 152cn? (b) 94 cm? length of its edge is : (© 108 cr? (6) 60V2 err? O2e (gen 31, The volume of a wal, 3 times as high as itis broad and 8 © 6em () Bem times as long as itis high, is 36.864 r®. The height of the wall is : 29, The length of longest pole that can be placed on the floor nen @24m ‘of a room is 12 m and the length of longest pole that c of these bbe placed in the room is 15 m. The height of the room i (4.2m (@) none 32, If the areas of 3 adjacent sides of a cuboid are x, J, 2 (a) 3m (b) 6m rs jam (@ none of these respectively, then the volume of the cuboid is: i 3 length, b ts (@) 92 () 7 30, The sum of length, breadth and depth of a cuboid is 12 © aye (@ hone of these ‘om and its diagonal is 52 cm. Its surface area is : LA oe: Cylinder : Volume = base area eight Radius geen: 1 dateral/slant height) =wh Curved surface area tee Ce radi ofthe base) Total surface of the cylinder 1 ta Vo = 1x base area x height = + 77h = curved surface area + 2 (base area) Base — =2nrh+2nr? =2nr(h+r) ‘Curved surface area = ar! Total surface area = nrl-+ nr? = nr (+r) Volume of a hollow cylinder = nh (R? - r?) Frustum of a cone : CS Wotie of he fun of ‘cone hr? +Rr+R?) Curved/Lateral surface a C2 area of the frustum of cone =nl(r+R) a "Game “The bas radius ofa tinder 6 14cm andits heights EXAMPLE 2. How many cubicmetres of earch must be dg to make ca Gell deer and tiated Sen. Pi nsdn and 8 hcieg dots sais ne aaa “£} SOLUTION Earth o be dugout from the well ce a ‘= volume of the cylindrical well SOLUTION (a) Volume of ender =n? x= 22 14 x14 x90 nthe? 202004 =18480 en? oe 7 es sg maa (©) Curved surface area = 2nrh = 25° x14 x30 ME wie oe re oA = 2640 cm? iron 2 em thick. Ifthe external diameter be SO cm and the length of (© Total surface area = 2ar(h+ r) {the rube is 210 cm find the number of cubic em of rom init. 5) 22x 1480414) SOLUTION External radius (R) = 25 cm ie Internal radius (7) = (25-2) = 23 em . 2228 x14 Ade 3872" Volume of iron = mh (R? - 7)386, 24. The radius and hei ratio of 5: 12. tits: (@) 26m © 13m 25. The volume and height of ight of a right gitcular cone are in the volume is 314 7 ™,its Slant heights : (b) 19.5 m (@) none of them a right circular cone are 1232 cm? and 24 ¢ i it sac (inverse Peetve, the area of its curved a) 1100 b) 225 (©) 616 @ 550 26. The circumference of the base ofa right circular cone is 220 cm? and its height 84 cm, The curved surface area of the cone is : (@) 20020 en? (b) 2020 em? (©) 2200 en? (@) 10010 cn? 27. How many metres of cloth 10 m wide will be required to ‘make a conical tent with base radius of 14 m and height is 48m? (@) 110m () 55m © 77m (@) 220m 28. Acone of height 2.8 cm has a lateral surface area 23.10 ir, The radius of the base is (@) 3.5m (b) 2m © 21cm @) 4cm 29, The radii of two cones are equal and their slant heights are in the ratio 3: 2. If the curved surface area of the ‘smaller cone is 300 cr, then the curved surface area of the bigger cone (in cr?) is : (a) 250 (b) 450 () 150 (@) 200 30. The ratio of the volume of a right circular cylinder and a right circular cone of the same base and height will be: (@) 2:3 (b) 1:3 © 3:1 @ 9:1 31. If the diameter of the base of right circular cone is equal to 8 cm and its slant height is 5 cm, then the area of its axial section is: (@) 9en? (b) 12 en? (©) 20 err? (@) 40 cn? ‘32. If the base radius and the height of a right circular cone 33, 35. 36. 37. 39, Mensuration From a circular sheet of paper of radius 25 cm, a sector area 4% is removed. If the rem make a conical surface, then the ratio of the radius and height of the cone is (@) 16:25 (&) 9:25 (7:12 (©) 24:7 If the radius of the base is doubled, keeping the height constant, what is the ratio of the volume of the larger cone to the smaller cone? @2:1 () 3:1 @4an 4:3 A largest posible cone is cut out from a cube of volume. 1000 crr?. The volume of the cone is : (@) 280 om? (b) 261.9 en? (©) 269.1 em? (@) 296.1 cm? If the height and the radius of a cone are doubled, the volume of the cone becomes : (a) 2 times (b) 8 times (©) 16 times (6) times A conical tent has 60° angle at the vertex. The ratio of its radius and slant height is : (@) 3:2 (by 1:2 © (A) can't be determined Water flows at the rate of 5 m per min from a cylindrical ipe 8 mm in diameter, How long will it take to fill up a conical vessel whose radius is 12 cm and depth 35 cm? (@) 315s (b) 365s (© 5min (d) none of these A reservoir is in the shape of a frustum of a right circular ‘cone, It is 8 m across at the top and 4 m across at the bottom. It is 6 m deep its capacity is : (a) 224m? (b) 176 me (©) 225m? (2) none of these A conical vessel whose internal radius is 10 cm and height 72 crm is full of water. If this water is poured into a cylindrical vessel with internal radius 30 cm, the height of the water level rises in itis : are increased by 40% then the percentage increase in @ 22cm @) 33cm volume (approx) Is : . (@) 175% (b) 120% (@ 8$em (@) none of these (c) 64% (d) 540% Hemisphere : a (radius) Volume =? nr? 3 ‘Curved surface area = 2nr? (radius) Total surface area = 3nr? (nr? + nr?) Spherical shell : 4 Volume == n(R? =r?) 3 Total surface area = 4m(R? +r?) es387 Slant height (0) Lateral surface area +} x perimeter of the base x slant height Total surface area = lateral surface area + base area TeamLe 1 I een dees a of ie Total surface area = 3x72 SE OAS sts tacts SiR Latnnitide abl inane 22,77 2 3922 2 520115 Se 7 *a*a SOLUTION Volume: 37 renee re cea aaee? volume of sphere Surface EL SOLUTION Number of bullets = Yolume of sphere 34.2 x35x35=154en? 4, Saxexexs a ours cee = 34 _- 64000 (BAMPLE2 Find ule volume, curved surface ‘area and total’ 4nx02%02%02 ace area of a hemisphere of diameter 7 cm, ae = sear TExameue'@" 1 pt he ae al open we ‘Bight 12cm and base radiu cm. Find the rads he ‘SOLUTION eins radius of wire is : (@) 1m (b) 2em. (©) 4em (@) none of these sphere? 8. A hemispherical bow! of internal radius 6 cm contains alcohol. This alcohol is to be filled into cylindrical 1. A spherical ball of lead 6 cm in radius is melted and recast into three spherical balls. The radii of two of these balls are 3 cm and 4 cm. What is the radius of the third (@) 4.5em (b) Sem © 6em () 7m shaped small bottles of diameter 6 cm and height 1 ¢m. 2. The radius of a copper sphere is 12 cm. The sphere is How many bottles will be needed to empty the bowl? melted and drawn into a long wire of uniform circular (@) 36 (&) 27 cross-section. If the length of the wire is 144 cm, the (©) 16 @4