-NOTES BY AKSHAD-

INTEGERS
Mastering positive and negative numbers
(Part 1)

26/11/2024

 Introduction to Integers, Basic Operations with Integers, Properties of Integers, Integer

Word Problem, Integer Operation with multiple terms, Integer patterns, Integer in Real-life
scenario, Games and Activities, Integer+ Advance Topics
 INTRODUCTION TO INTEGERS

Positive Numbers

The numbers which are greater than Zero

Negative Numbers

The numbers which are lesser than Zero

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 EXAMPLES OF POSITIVE INTEGERS

2 , 3, 4, 5, 10, 100, 345, 999 etc

NOTE - A positive integer does not need a plus

sign (+) in front of it. we typically write them
without a plus sign.

For example :-

Let’s say, when you see a number like 2, it is

automatically assumed to be positive.

2 = Positive Integer

123 = Positive Integer

999 = Positive Integer

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 EXAMPLES OF NEGATIVE INTEGERS

-1 , -2 , -3 , -10 , -25 , -100 , -500 , -7 etc

Can we write negative numbers without sign?

No, negative numbers must have a negative sign (-)

in front of them to indicate that they are less than
zero. Without the minus sign, the number would
be considered positive.

Example -> If you wrote 5 without a minus sign, it

would simply be a positive integer, not a negative
one.

5 -> Positive Integer; -5 -> Negative Integer

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 ZERO AND IT’S ROLE

It is neither positive nor negative.

It acts as a neutral point on the number line,

separating positive numbers from negative ones.

Zero is the point of balance in the middle.

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 CLEARING COMMON CONFUSIONS
Q1: Is zero an integer?
A1: Yes, zero is an integer. It is neither positive nor
negative but is still considered an integer because
it is a whole number.
Q2: Can integers be fractions or decimals?
A2: No, integers cannot be fractions or decimals.
Integers are whole numbers, meaning they are not
divided into parts. For example, 1, -5, 0 are
integers, but 1/2, 3.5, and -2.7 are not.
Q3: Why is zero neither positive nor negative?
Zero is neutral because it is the number that
separates positive integers (greater than zero) and
negative integers (less than zero) on the number
line. It is not considered positive or negative.

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 BASIC OPERATIONS WITH INTEGERS
Addition of Integers
Subtraction of Integers
Multiplication of Integers
Division of Integers
Remember, the first step gets you halfway; it's the
second step that reveals the final answer!

Remember
You will not get answers in a single step.

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 ADDITIONS WITH INTEGERS
EXAMPLE 1.1
Q1. Calculate:-
a) 2 + 3 = ?
3 is a positive number

2 is a positive number
[ Step 1: Check the sign of numbers (+ and +) ]

[ Step 2: If both signs are same, add them ]

+ 2
+ 3
= 5

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[ Step 3: Put the sign of the greatest number
in your final answer i.e 5 ]
+ 2
+ 3 3 is larger than 2
= 5

Since, 3 contains a positive sign.

So, 2 + 3 = +5
and we normally avoid showing positive
sign….
Therefore, 2 + 3 = 5

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EXAMPLE 1.2
Q2. Calculate:-
a) - 5 - 7 = ?
-7 is a negative number

-5 is a negative number
[ Step 1: Check the sign of numbers (- and -) ]

[ Step 2: If both signs are same, add them ]

- 5
- 7
= 12

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[ Step 3: Put the sign of the greatest number in
your final answer i.e 12 ]
- 5
- 7 7 is larger than 5
= 12

Since, 7 contains a negative sign.

Therefore,
So, - 5 - 7 = - 12

Don’t forget to put negative sign

in your final answer.

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 TEST YOUR SKILL
Step 1: Check the sign of numbers
Step 2: If both signs are same, add them
Step 3: Put the sign of the greatest number
in your final answer.
Q3. Calculate:-
a) 22 + 33 = ? b) - 25 – 37 = ?
c) -13 – 24 = ? d) 15 + 9 = ?
e) – 38 – 16 = ? f) 42 + 36 = ?

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 SUBTRACTIONS WITH INTEGERS
EXAMPLE 2.1
Q1. Calculate:-
a) -12 + 13 = ?
13 is a positive number

-12 is a negative number

[ Step 1: Check the sign of numbers (- and +) ]

[ Step 2: If both signs are different, subtract them ]

- 12 Why Error?

+ 13 It is possible to subtract the larger number from

= Error the smaller one, but not the smaller number
from the larger one.

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 So, + 13
- 12
= 1

[ Step 3: Put the sign of the greatest number in

your final answer i.e 1 ]
+ 13 13 is larger than 12
- 12
= +1

Since, 13 contains a positive sign.

Therefore,
So, - 12 + 13 = 1

Don’t use positive signs to show positive number.

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 TEST YOUR SKILL
Step 1: Check the sign of numbers
Step 2: If both signs are different, subtract them
Step 3: Put the sign of the greatest number
in your final answer.
Q3. Calculate:-
a) - 81 + 33 = ? b) 25 – 37 = ?
c) - 13 + 24 = ? d) 15 - 9 = ?
e) - 38 + 16 = ? f) 42 - 36 = ?

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 MULTIPLICATION WITH INTEGERS
EXAMPLE 3.1
Q1. Calculate:-
a) - 21 x - 3 = ?
3 is a negative number

21 is a negative number
[ Step 1: Check the sign of numbers (- and -) ]

[ Step 2: Ignore the signs of both integers and

multiply]

21
x 3
= 63

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[ Step 3: If both signs are same, the answer is
always a positive number ]
Therefore, - 21 x - 3 = 63
b) 76 x - 19 = ?
19 is a negative number

76 is a positive number
[ Step 1: Check the sign of numbers (+ and -) ]

[ Step 2: Ignore the signs of both integers and

multiply]

76
x 19
= 1444

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[ Step 3: If both signs are different, the answer is
always a negative number ]
Therefore, 76 x - 19 = -1444
TEST YOUR SKILL
Step 1: Check the sign of numbers
Step 2: Ignore the signs of both integers and
multiply
Step 3: If both signs are same, the answer is
always a positive number
Q3. Calculate:-
a) - 22 + 33 = ? b) - 25 – 37 = ?
c) -13 + 24 = ? d) - 15 + 9 = ?
e) – 38 – 16 = ? f) - 42 + 36 = ?

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 DIVISION WITH INTEGERS
EXAMPLE 4.1
Q1. Calculate:-
a) - 111 / - 3 = ?
3 is a negative number

111 is a negative number

[ Step 1: Check the sign of numbers (- and -) ]

[ Step 2: Ignore the signs of both integers and

Divide ]

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[ Step 3: If both signs are same, the answer is
always a positive number ]
Therefore, - 111 / - 3 = 37
b) 861 / - 7 = ?
7 is a negative number

861 is a positive number

[ Step 1: Check the sign of numbers (+ and -) ]

[ Step 2: Ignore the signs of both integers and

divide]

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 [ Step 3: If both signs are different, the answer is
always a negative number ]
Therefore, 861 / - 7 = - 123
TEST YOUR SKILL
Step 1: Check the sign of numbers
Step 2: Ignore the signs of both integers and
divide
Step 3: If both signs are different, the answer is
always a negative number
Q3. Calculate:-
a) - 22 / 2 = ? b) - 48 / 12 = ?
c) -121 / - 11 = ? d) - 15 / 5 = ?
e) – 14283 / 23 = ?

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