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MidTerm Exam - Fall 2021 - Solution

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129 views7 pages

MidTerm Exam - Fall 2021 - Solution

Uploaded by

lendybesty
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Midterm Examination Fall 2021 Program: UG

Department: Electronics and Communications No. Questions: 6


Engineering
Time allowed: 75 mins Date: 19 December 2021 Max. Marks: 60
Course Code - Title: ECE 211 Introduction to Electronics Engineering
Course Instructor: Ahmed H. Abd El-Malek
Allowed Equipment Only calculators are allowed

Name:………………………………………………………… ID No.:……………

Group: …………………………. Section: ………………………..

Instructions to Students
‫ كما أنه غير مسموح بالكالم مع األخرين أثناء وقت‬،‫غير مسموح للطالب دخول االمتحان بالهواتف النقالة‬
.‫األمتحان‬
Side talks and mobile Phones are not allowed during the Exam
• You should solve 6 questions with a total of 60 marks.
• The exam papers are 12 pages, including this page.
• Answer each question in its dedicated area in this exam sheet.
• Readable and clear writing and graphs are essential.
• It is not allowed to leave the examination room before 45 minutes.

[Turn over only when instructed to do so]

Page 1 of 7
3
𝐵 = 7.3 × 1015 cm−3 K −2 for Silicon, k: Boltzmanns’s constant = 8.62 × 10−5 eV/K, Bandgap Energy 𝐸𝑔 =
1.12 V for Silicon, Silicon electrical permittivity = 1.04 × 10−12 F/cm, Electron charge = 1.6 × 10−19 Col.

1) [12 Marks] If, for a particular junction, the acceptor concentration is 1018 /cm3 and the donor
concentration is 1017 /cm3 . Assume 𝑛𝑖 = 1.5 × 1010 /cm3.
a) Find the junction built-in voltage.
𝑁𝐴 𝑁𝐷 −3
1018 × 1017
𝑉0 = 𝑉𝑇 ln ( 2 ) = 25.8 × 10 ln ( ) = 0.87 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
𝑛𝑖 (1.5 × 1010 )2
b) Find the width of the depletion region (𝑊) and its extent in each of the p and n regions when
the junction terminals are left open.

2𝜖0 1 1 2 × 1.04 × 10−12


𝑊=√ ( + ) 𝑉0 = √ (10−17 + 10−18 )(0.87) = 1.12 × 10−5 cm
𝑞 𝑁𝐴 𝑁𝐷 1.6 × 10−19

𝑁𝐷
𝑥𝑃 = 𝑊 = 1.014 × 10−5 cm
𝑁𝐴 + 𝑁𝐷
𝑁𝐷
𝑥𝑛 = 𝑊 = 1.018 × 10−6 cm
𝑁𝐴 + 𝑁𝐷
c) Calculate the magnitude of the charge stored on either side of the junction. Assume that the
junction area is 100 μm2.
𝑁𝐴 𝑁𝐷 1018 × 1017
𝑄=𝐴𝑞 ( ) 𝑊 = 100 × 10−4 × 1.6 × 10−19 ( 18 ) 1.12 × 10−5
𝑁𝐴 + 𝑁𝐷 10 + 1017
= 1.63 × 10−9 Col
d) If the junction is connected with a reverse bias voltage VR = 1 V, calculate the new width of the
depletion region.

2𝜖0 1 1 2 × 1.04 × 10−12


𝑊=√ ( + ) (𝑉0 + 𝑉R ) = √ (10−17 + 10−18 )(0.87 + 1)
𝑞 𝑁𝐴 𝑁𝐷 1.6 × 10−19

= 1.635 × 10−5 cm

Page 2 of 7
2) [8 Marks] The Zener in the circuit shown below has a fixed voltage drop of 18 volt
across it as long as 𝐼𝑍 is maintained between 20 mA and 200 mA.
a. Find 𝑅 so that the load voltage remains at 18 volt while 𝑉𝑠 is free to vary from 24V
to 28V.
b. Using 𝑅 of part a, find the maximum Zener current

Page 3 of 7
3) [15 Marks] A full-wave rectifier circuit with a 2-kΩ load operates from a 220-V
(rms) 60-Hz household supply through a 22-to-1 transformer having a center-tapped
secondary winding. It uses two silicon diodes that can be modeled to have a 0.7-V
drop for all currents. Calculate the following:
a) What is the peak voltage of the rectified output?
b) For what fraction of a cycle does each diode conduct?
c) What is the average output voltage?
d) What is the average current in the load?
e) What is the PIV of the diode?
220 √2
𝑎) 𝑉𝑜𝑝 = − 0.7 = 5√2 − 0.7 = 6.37 Volt
2 × 22

𝑏) The fraction of cycle each diode conduct


𝜋 − 2𝜃
= × 100%
2𝜋
0.7
The angle 𝜃 can be calculated as 𝜃 = sin−1 (5√2) = 5.68° = 0.099 rad
𝜋−2𝜃
Hence, the fraction of conduction is given by = × 100% = 46.84%
2𝜋

c) The average output voltage is given by


𝜋−𝜃
1 5√2
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 = ∫ (5√2 sin(𝜔𝑡) − 0.7)𝑑𝑡 ≈ 2 × − 0.7 = 3.8 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
𝜋 𝜋
𝜃
d) The average current at the load
𝑉𝑎𝑣𝑔 3.8
𝐼𝐿,𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = = 1.9 mA
𝑅 2000
e) PIV = 2 𝑉𝑠 − 𝑉𝐷 = 10√2 − 0.7 = 13.44 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡

Page 4 of 7
4) [8 Marks] For the circuit shown below, all diodes are identical with barrier voltage
𝑉𝐷 = 0.7. Find the values of 𝐼1 , 𝑉1, and 𝑉2.

Page 5 of 7
5) [10 Marks] For the circuit shown below

+
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡

Find the output voltage 𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 , if the input voltage Vi is a square wave given by

Page 6 of 7
6) [7 Marks] Sketch the transfer characteristics (𝑣𝑜𝑢𝑡 versus 𝑣𝑖 ) of the circuit shown
below. Assume ideal diodes.

Best Wishes
Page 7 of 7

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