LUISS Guido Carli

Bachelor's Degree in Management and Computer Science

Problem sheet n.11  Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

Exercise 1. For each of the following pair A and v determine if v is an eigenvector of the matrix A and if so,
compute the corresponding eigenvalue:
       
1 0 0 −5 8 2
(a) A= , v= (b) A= , v=
−5 2 11 −6 9 2

       
1 1 −1 2 8 1 −10 −1
(c) A = −2 −2 2 , v = 1 (d) A= 2 −1 −2  , v =  0
2 2 −2 3 −3 1 1 −1

       
2 1 −4 3 1 3 2 −5 7 −1
−1 2 1 0 1  2 0 0 2  0
(e) A= , v=  (f ) A= , v= 
 5 3 −3 −3 1 −4 2 −3 0  1
1 1 −3 −1 1 −1 1 −1 1 1

Exercise 2. Let:  
4 1 1
A = −3 0 −1
−1 −1 2
Determine which of the following is an eigenvalue for A and compute its geometric multiplicity:

t1 = −1 t2 = 0 t3 = 1

Exercise 3. For each of the following matrices nd all the eigenvectors associated with the given eigenvalues
and compute the geometric multiplicity of each eigenvalue:
 
−4 0
(a) λ1 = −4 , λ2 = 1
−3 1
 
3 2 2
(b) −3 −1 −3 λ1 = −1 , λ2 = 1 , λ3 = 2
−1 −2 0
 
0 1 0
(c) 1 0 0 λ1 = −1 , λ2 = 1
0 0 1
 
3 3 0 1
 0 −3 0 2
(d)   λ1 = −3 , λ2 = −1 , λ3 = 3
 0 0 −1 −1
0 0 0 −1

1
Problem sheet n.11 Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

Exercise 4. For each of the following matrices compute the eigenvalues, nd their geometric and algebraic
multiplicity and describe the corresponding eigenspaces:
   
    0 1 2 2 0 0
2 3 0 −1
a) (b) (c) 2 −2 3 (d) −3 −1 3
4 6 1 0
1 1 1 0 0 2
   
0 1 1 0 0 0
e) 0 0 1 (f ) 1 0 −1
0 0 0 0 1 −2

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 Solutions.

Exercise 1.
(a) λ=2 (b) λ=3

(c) λ=0 (d) λ = −2

(e) v is not an eigenvector of A (f ) λ=1

Exercise 2. t3 = 1 is an eigenvalue and mg (1) = 1.

Exercise 3. (a)    
x 5
λ1 = −4 = t t 6= 0 mg (−4) = 1
y 3

   
x 0
λ2 = 1 = t t 6= 0 mg (1) = 1
y 1

(b)    
x −1
λ1 = −1  y  =  1 t t 6= 0 mg (−1) = 1
z 1

   
x −1
λ2 = 1  y  =  0 t t 6= 0 mg (1) = 1
z 1

   
x 0
λ3 = 2 y  = −1 t t 6= 0 mg (2) = 1
z 1

(c)    
x −1
λ1 = −1 y  =  1 t t 6= 0 mg (−1) = 1
z 0

     
x 1 0
λ2 = 1 y  = 1 s + 0 t s, t ∈ R with (s, t) 6= (0, 0) mg (1) = 2
z 0 1

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 Solutions. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

(d)    
x1 −1
x2   2
λ1 = −3   =  t
x3   0 t 6= 0 mg (−3) = 1
x4 0

   
x1 0
x2  0
λ2 = −1   =  t
x3  1 t 6= 0 mg (−1) = 1
x4 0

   
x1 1
x2  0
λ2 = 3   =  t
x3  0 t 6= 0 mg (3) = 1
x4 0

Exercise 4.

(a)     
x −3 ma (0) = 1
λ1 = 0 V0 = = t |t ∈ R
y 2 mg (0) = 1

    
x 1 ma (8) = 1
λ2 = 8 V8 = = t |t ∈ R
y 2 mg (8) = 1

(b) No real eigenvalues

(c)     
 x 1
ma (−3) = 1

λ1 = −3 V−3 = y  = −5 t | t ∈ R
mg (−3) = 1
z 1
 

    
 x −5
ma (−1) = 1

λ2 = −1 V−1 = y  = −1 t | t ∈ R
mg (−1) = 1
z 3
 

    
 x 1
ma (3) = 1

λ3 = 3 V3 = y  = 1 t | t ∈ R
mg (3) = 1
z 1
 

(d)     
 x 0
ma (−1) = 1

λ1 = −1 V−1 = y  = −1 t | t ∈ R
mg (−1) = 1
z 0
 

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 Solutions. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

      
 x −1 1
ma (2) = 2

λ2 = 2 V2 = y  =  1 s + 0 t | t ∈ R
mg (2) = 2
z 0 1
 

(e)     
 x 1
ma (0) = 3

λ=0 V0 = y  = 0 t | t ∈ R
mg (0) = 1
z 0
 

(f)     
 x 0
ma (−1) = 2

λ1 = −1 V−1 = y  = 1 t | t ∈ R
mg (−1) = 1
z 1
 

    
 x 1
ma (0) = 1

λ2 = 0 V0 = y  = 2 t | t ∈ R
mg (0) = 1
z 1
 