Conceptual Framework
Conceptual Framework
Independent Variable:
o Use of Generative AI Tools - This refers to the integration of AI-
powered educational tools into the curriculum. These tools could
include language learning applications, AI writing assistants, and AI
reading comprehension aids that are designed to assist students in
improving their language, reading, and literacy skills. The independent
variable focuses on how much these tools are used and their
effectiveness in the learning process.
Dependent Variables:
o Language Proficiency - This variable measures students' abilities in
grammar, vocabulary, and comprehension. It assesses how well
students can use language accurately and effectively in both written
and spoken forms.
o Reading Skills - Reading skills include comprehension, reading
speed, and critical analysis of texts. This variable examines how well
students understand and process written information and whether AI
tools help improve these skills by offering personalized learning
experiences and feedback.
o Literacy Development - Literacy development extends beyond basic
reading and writing to include digital literacy (ability to use technology)
and media literacy (ability to critically evaluate media content). This
variable explores whether generative AI tools contribute to broader
literacy skills necessary in a modern, digital world.
Mediating Variables:
o Engagement with AI Tool - This refers to students’ perceptions and
comfort levels with using AI-based learning tools. Positive attitudes are
likely to enhance the effectiveness of these tools, while negative
attitudes may hinder their potential benefits. The study looks at how
student openness to AI affects their learning outcomes.
Moderating Variables:
o Access to Technology - This variable assesses the availability of
devices and internet connectivity, which are essential for students to
use AI tools. It moderates the effectiveness of AI-based learning
because students with limited or no access to the necessary
technology will not benefit fully from these tools.
o Socioeconomic Status - Students’ socioeconomic backgrounds can
influence their access to technology and educational resources. This
variable examines how differences in family income, parental support,
and access to educational materials might affect the relationship
between AI tool usage and learning outcomes.
o Prior Knowledge and Skills - The existing proficiency levels of
students in language, reading, and digital skills can affect how well they
benefit from AI tools. Students who already possess strong
foundational skills may see greater improvements, while those with
lower proficiency levels might struggle more with using the AI tools
effectively.