Results illustrating the behavior of fuselage with aluminum metal for without cut-out are presented.

Then, results illustrating the behavior of a fuselage with composite materials for without cut-out are
presented. In second case, the behavior of fuselage with aluminum metal for circle shaped cut-out is
presented. Then, results illustrating the behavior of a fuselage with composite materials for circle
shaped cut-out are presented. In third case, the behavior of fuselage with aluminum metal for square
shaped cut-out is presented. Then, results illustrating the behavior of a fuselage with composite
materials for square shaped cut-out are presented.

mechanics of composite materials and structures madhujit

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behavior of a fuselage with composite materials for rectangle shaped cut out are presented. In fifth
case, the behavior of fuselage with aluminum metal for vertical shaped rectangle cut-out is
presented. Then, results illustrating the behavior of a fuselage with composite materials for vertical
shaped rectangle cut-out are presented. In sixth case, the behavior of fuselage with aluminum metal
for rectangle with rounded corners is presented. Then, results illustrating the behavior of a fuselage
with composite materials for rectangle with rounded corners are presented.

In analysis of Fuselage we are considering both model analysis and static analysis for aluminum
alloy and for composite materials. At first we are going to discuss Model analysis of Fuselage with
without cut-out for Aluminum alloy.

In case of Composite materials we consider two types of composites at first we consider Glass Fabric
Epoxy and for this composite we consider different orientations such as 0, 60,120,180,240,300,360.
It is consider ten modes of frequencies. Out of ten here now we are considering deformation and
displacement vector sum for mode 1 and mode 10.

In case of Composite materials we consider two types of composites here in second case we consider
Carbon Epoxy and for this composite we consider different orientations such as 0,
60,120,180,240,300,360. It is consider ten modes of frequencies. Out of ten here now we are
considering deformation and displacement vector sum for mode 1 and mode 10.

A composite material is made by combining two or more materials to form third materials that have
a very different property. FRP composites were developed 80 years before. It has high strength, high
stiffness, high elasticity, light in weight, corrosion resistance and low cost [1]. They are replacing
the metal with many uses like automobile and aerospace industries. The FRP composites are
classified are as i) Metal matrix composites (MMCs) ii) Polymers matrix composites (PMCs), iii)
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) and iv) Carbon/carbon composites. The approximate maximum
service temperature of PMCs, MMCs and CMCs are up to 250°C, 600°C and 1200°C respectively
[2-4]. A composite normally consists of matrix and a reinforcing phase. The discontinuous phase is
usually harder and stronger than the continuous face and is called the enforcement, whereas the
continuous face has termed the matrix [4]. The classification of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
composites are listed below-
The broad applications of advanced FRPs are in the sports sectors, aircraft, and aerospace and in
automobile sectors. Advanced composite materials are generally known as polymer matrix composite
[6, 7]. The center of advanced materials in transport aircraft structures was established in 2003 [8].
The two basic segments of advanced composite material are i) Industrial composites and ii)
Advanced polymer matrix composites. Industrial composite utilizes resin, polymer, epoxy etc. These
materials along with curing agent like glass fiber are used in the production for producing industrial
components and human good like auto bodies, piping, boats and other components. The advance
FRP composite industries are utilized the high-performance resin system for high strength and high
fiber reinforcement for sporting goods like golf, tennis and archery etc [9]. At present manual and
automated process are used for making advanced composite parts for machinery and transportation
equipment [10].

It is light in weight and has desirable mechanical properties. Two types of polymer matrix materials
are- a) Thermosets and b) Thermoplastics. Thermosets have 3D molecular structure after curing and
are most suited for fiber composites. The main thermosetting polymers are an epoxy resin which is
used in the aerospace structure for high-performance application, polyester resin, phenolic resin,
vinyl ester resin and polyamides. Thermoplastics have one or two-dimensional molecular structure
and soften at elevated temperature.

The thermal properties of FRP composite are the thermal conductivity; thermal expansion and heat
distribution temperature Thermal conductivity of a material is the rate of heat flow through it. The
materials expanded when heated and contract when cooled [18]. The rate of expansion is governed
by the bond strength and the atomic packing. The heat distortion temperature is a measure of the
maximum service temperature for a plastic beyond which significant bending occurs [19]. The
electrical properties are the conductivity. The electrical conductivity of a material represents the
ease with which it can conduct electrical current. Ceramic insulator materials are often used as
dielectric materials due to their good dielectric properties [20]. Polymer materials have poor
conductivity due to lack of charge carries. Mechanical properties of composites are defining the
behavior of materials under the application of mechanical force. It includes the strength, stiffness,
ductility, hardness, fatigue strength, creeps strength and wears resistance of composites. The
characteristics of the composite relating to its behavior in chemical reactions are called chemical
properties of composite [21, 22].

The first advanced composite material was the fiberglass and it is widely used at present for boat
hulls, building panels, sports. Fiber reinforced composites have high strength and stiffness [25].
Coefficients of thermal expansions of fibers reinforced composites are much lower than those of
metals. As such composites structure exhibit a better dimensional stability over a wide range of
temperature variation. Therefore the difference in thermal expansions between metals and
composite materials create undue thermal stresses when they are used as a conjunction [26]. Fibers
reinforced composites possess high internal damping. This leads to better Vibrational energy
absorption within the material and results in a reduced transmission of noise, vibration, and
hardness [27]. Polymers matrix composites absorb moisture from the surroundings which create
dimensional changes as well as adverse internal stresses in the material. FRP constructions have a
low maintenance cost. Structures made of fiber reinforced composite are lighter than those are
made of conventional materials which reduce the weight and cost of materials [28].

Aircraft are required reduction in weight to find the greater speed. Fiber reinforced composite has
been found to be ideal for this purpose. Carbon fiber with a hybrid condition is used for making
large numbers of aircraft components. Carbon and Kevlar materials are used for making wings,
fuselage, empennage components, elevator face sheets, horizontal stabilizers and upper rudder etc.
of commercial aircraft. Epoxy resin with FRP is used for making of helicopter blades. A missile
structure, when made of FRP is light in weight and increased its range of action [30, 31]. Graphite
composites are used for its high stiffness, strength and minimum weight. Graphite and Kevlar fibers
are well suited for space allocations because of their high specific strength and modulus and low
coefficient of thermal expansion. Strength and stiffness of composite material are the major
consideration for the aircraft and low coefficient of thermal expansions and high stiffness are the
major consideration for space applications. Antennas, booms, support trusses and struts of
spacecraft, all are made by FRPs [33, 34].

Pultrusion is a continuous process where the composites in the form of fabric or fibers are pulled out
through a bath of a liquid resin and then pulled through a heated die. Finally, the materials are
cured to its final shape and final product and cut it into a required shape. The resin-like polyester,
epoxy, and phenolic may be used with ant fiber. This process is used for making the beams and
girders which used in the roof structure, ladders, bridges, frameworks, etc [45].

Fiber reinforced polymer composites have low density, high strength, low price and solidified easily
as compared to synthetic composite materials. So FRP utilizes in construction and building
materials, automotive industries, aircraft, space, marine field and other commercial applications.
FRP composite improves the mechanical behavior of polymers. This article evaluates the properties
and characteristics of FRP composites like energy absorption, thermal and mechanical properties,
tribology properties, relaxation and viscoelastic behavior etc. Different fabrication methods of FRP
are compared by the easiest way of fabrication with various applications. Finally, it is focusing on
the importance of FRP in the mechanical field and latest development in composites world.

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