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Lab 4

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9 views4 pages

Lab 4

Uploaded by

mrb4jw42002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GIFT School of Engineering

and Applied Sciences

Fall 2024

CS-349: Operating System- Lab

Lab-4 Manual
Pointers and Structures in C

v1.0

12/06/2022
Objective
To understand programming with Pointer, String, and Structure.

Task # 1

Program to concatenate two strings without using library functions

Objectives: Study string –using char arrays - in C language.


Tools/Equipment: Editors like gedit, and vi editor in Linux with GCC on desktop or laptop
computers.

THEORY:
Strings are one-dimensional arrays of characters terminated by a null character '\0'

ALGORITHM:
step1: start
step2: Read two strings in two arrays str1,str2; let 1=j=0;
Step 3:if str1[i] not equal to ‘\0’ ,increment i, repeat this step
Step 4:if str2[j] not equal to ‘\0’ go to next step otherwise go to step 7
Step 5:str1 [i]=str2[j]
Step 6: increment i and j, go to step 4
Step 7:str1 [i]=’\0’
Step 8: Print Concatenated string str1
Step 9: stop

Input Output
Enter the first string: hello
Enter the second string: world
Concatenated String is: helloworld
Task # 2
Program to print the elements of an array using pointers

Objectives: Study pointers in C language.

Tools/Equipment: Editors like gedit, and vi editor in Linux with GCC on desktop or laptop
computers.

THEORY
A pointer is a variable whose value is the address of another variable, i.e., the direct address of
the memory location. Like any variable or constant, you must declare a pointer before using it
to store any variable address. The general form of a pointer variable declaration is −

type *var-name;

Here, type is the pointer's base type; it must be a valid C data type and var-name is the name
of the pointer variable. The asterisk * used to declare a pointer is the same asterisk used for
multiplication. However, in this statement, the asterisk is being used to designate a variable as a
pointer.

Every variable is a memory location and every memory location has its address defined which
can be accessed using the ampersand (&) operator, which denotes an address in memory.

(a) We define a pointer variable, int *p


(b) Assign the address of a variable to a pointer p=&x, x is an integer variable
(c) Finally access the value at the address available in the pointer variable. v=*p

Write a program to find the sum of all the elements of an array using pointers.

Structure Exercise Questions:


Create a structure named Student which has rollNo, name, address, age, and average_marks
as member variables. Read five students' data from the user and display the details from the
function.
Objectives: Study structure concepts in C language.
Tools/Equipment: Editors like gedit, and vi editor in Linux with GCC on desktop or laptop
computers.

Theory
The structure is a user-defined data type available in C that allows combining data items of
different types
To define a structure, you must use the struct statement. The struct statement defines a new
data type, with more than one member. The format of the struct statement is as follows:-

struct [structure tag] {


member definition;
member definition;
...
member definition;
} [one or more structure variables(optional)];

To access any member of a structure, we use the member access operator (.).

The member access operator is coded as a period between the structure variable name and the
structure member that we wish to access.

We would use the keyword struct to define variables of structure type.


struct Books Book1;
Book1.title
To access the members of a structure using a pointer to that structure, you must use the →
operator as follows:-
struct Books *struct_pointer;
struct_pointer->title;

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