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    CH 1.2 Multimedia

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    abrash.omairkhan

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    CH 1.2 Multimedia

    Uploaded by

    abrash.omairkhan
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    Ch 1.2 Multimedia (3)

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    CH 1.2 Multimedia

    Uploaded by

    abrash.omairkhan

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    1.

    2 Multimedia: Graphics and Sound Computer Science


    9618 AS

    1.2 Multimedia: Graphics and Sound


    Graphics
    Bitmapped Images
    Understanding Data Encoding for Bitmapped Images:
     Bitmapped Image: Also known as a raster image, is made up of pixels (picture
    elements), where each pixel represents a small portion of the image.
     Data Encoding: Each pixel in a bitmapped image is stored as a binary value, where
    the number of bits used to store each pixel determines the image’s colour depth.
    Key Terms:
     Pixel: The smallest unit of a bitmapped image. Each pixel represents a single point
    of colour in the image.
    o Example: A 10x10 pixel image has 100 pixels.
     File Header: A section of the image file that contains metadata about the image,
    such as the width, height, colour depth, and compression method.
     Image Resolution: The number of pixels in an image, typically expressed as width x
    height (e.g., 1920x1080 pixels).
     Screen Resolution: The number of pixels displayed on a screen, often described in
    terms of pixels per inch (PPI).
     Colour Depth/Bit Depth: The number of bits used to represent the colour of each
    pixel. Higher bit depth allows more colours to be represented.
    o Example:
     1-bit depth: 2 colours (black and white)
     8-bit depth: 256 colours
     24-bit depth: 16.7 million colours
    Calculating File Size for a Bitmap Image:
     Formula:
    o File Size (in bits) = Image Resolution x Colour Depth
    o Convert to bytes by dividing by 8.
    o Example: A 100x100 image with a 24-bit colour depth:
     File size = 100 x 100 x 24 = 240,000 bits = 30,000 bytes (30 KB)

    Effects of Changing Elements on Image Quality and File Size:

    Sahir Masroor Khan 03009543074


    1.2 Multimedia: Graphics and Sound Computer Science
    9618 AS

     Image Resolution:
    o Increasing resolution improves quality but increases file size.
    o Decreasing resolution reduces quality and decreases file size.
     Colour Depth:
    o Increasing colour depth enhances image quality by allowing more colours but
    increases file size.
    o Reducing colour depth reduces the number of possible colours, decreasing
    quality and file size.
    Vector Graphics
    Understanding Data Encoding for Vector Graphics:
     Vector Graphic: Represents images using geometrical primitives like points, lines,
    curves, and shapes, defined mathematically rather than by pixels.
     Data Encoding: Each object in a vector graphic is stored with its properties (e.g.,
    position, shape, colour).
    Key Terms:
     Drawing Object: An individual component of a vector graphic, such as a line, circle,
    or rectangle.
     Property: Characteristics of a drawing object, such as colour, line thickness, or
    position.
     Drawing List: A list containing all the drawing objects and their properties in a vector
    graphic.
    Justification for Using Bitmap or Vector Graphics:
     Bitmap:
    o Suitable for complex images with many colours and details, like photographs.
    o However, scaling a bitmap image can cause loss of quality (pixelation).
     Vector:
    o Ideal for images that require scaling without loss of quality, such as logos and
    diagrams.
    o File sizes are often smaller, and the images are resolution-independent.

    Sound
    Understanding Sound Representation and Encoding:

    Sahir Masroor Khan 03009543074


    1.2 Multimedia: Graphics and Sound Computer Science
    9618 AS

     Sound Encoding: Involves converting analog sound waves into digital form by
    sampling the sound at regular intervals.
     Analog vs Digital Data:
    o Analog Data: Continuous and can take any value in a given range.
    o Digital Data: Discrete and represented as binary values (0s and 1s).
    Key Terms:
     Sampling: The process of measuring the amplitude of an analog sound wave at
    regular intervals to create a digital representation.
     Sampling Rate (Sampling Frequency): The number of samples taken per second,
    measured in Hertz (Hz).
    o Example: A sampling rate of 44.1 kHz means 44,100 samples per second.
     Sampling Resolution (Bit Depth): The number of bits used to represent each
    sample, which determines the precision of the sound data.
    o Example:
     8-bit: 256 possible amplitude values
     16-bit: 65,536 possible amplitude values
    Impact of Changing Sampling Rate and Resolution:
     Sampling Rate:
    o Increasing the sampling rate improves sound quality but increases file size.
    o Decreasing the sampling rate reduces quality but decreases file size.
     Sampling Resolution:
    o Higher resolution increases sound accuracy and file size.
    o Lower resolution decreases accuracy and file size.
    Example Calculation:
     File Size:

    o File Size = Sampling Rate x Sampling Resolution x Duration (in seconds)


    o Example: A 10-second audio clip at a 44.1 kHz sampling rate with 16-bit
    resolution:
     File size = 44,100 x 16 x 10 = 7,056,000 bits = 882,000 bytes
    (approximately 860 KB)

    Sahir Masroor Khan 03009543074

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