Pre-Calculus

Quarter 2, Week 3
Session 1
Learning Competencies

✗ The learners illustrate the different

circular functions.
 Pre-
Activity
4
Identify the least positive and largest negative coterminal
angle and the quadrant where the following degree or radian
measure located.

Answer:
1. 𝟑𝟎𝟎° 1. 𝟑𝟎𝟎° −𝟔𝟎°
2. −𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟎° 2. 𝟑𝟓𝟎° −𝟏𝟎°
𝟏𝟎𝟎𝝅 𝟏𝟎𝝅 𝟖𝝅
3. 3. −
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗

5
 REVIEW
SOHCAHTOA /
CHOSHACAO

6
 Complete the table
below by finding the
exact value of the six
(6) trigonometric
functions

7
8
𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒕

𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
𝟑𝟎° 𝟐 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑

𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝟓° 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
𝟔𝟎° 𝟑 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
9
 Introduction to
Circular Functions
𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒕

𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟐 𝟑
𝟑𝟎° 𝟐 𝟑
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑

𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟒𝟓° 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏
𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
𝟔𝟎° 𝟑 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 𝟑
11
Let 𝜽 be an angle in standard position and 𝑷 𝜽 = 𝑷(𝒙, 𝒚) the
point on its terminal side on the unit circle. Define

𝒚 𝒓
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 = 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝜽 = , 𝒚 ≠ 𝟎
𝒓 𝒚
𝒙 𝒓
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽 = , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎
𝒓 𝒙
𝒚 𝒙
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 = , 𝒙 ≠ 𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝜽 = , 𝒚 ≠ 𝟎
𝒙 𝒚

12
The figure on the
right shows a unit
circle in which it has
a radius of 1 unit.
This implies that it
lies on
𝟏, 𝟎 , 𝟎, 𝟏 , −𝟏, 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟎, −𝟏 .

13
0° 𝑎𝑛𝑑 360° 𝑥=1 𝑦 = 0 𝑟 = 1
90° 𝑥=0 𝑦 = 1 𝑟 = 1
180° 𝑥 = −1 𝑦 = 0 𝑟 = 1
270° 𝑥 = 0 𝑦 = −1 𝑟 = 1

14
Illustrative
Examples

15
 Find the six trigonometric functions of each
quadrantal angle.
1. 𝟗𝟎°
𝒚 𝟏 𝒓 𝟏
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟗𝟎° = = = 𝟏 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝟗𝟎° = = = 𝟏
𝒓 𝟏 𝒚 𝟏

𝒙 𝟎 𝒓 𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟗𝟎° = = = 𝟎 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟗𝟎° = = = 𝒖𝒏𝒅
𝒓 𝟏 𝒙 𝟎

𝒚 𝟏 𝒙 𝟎
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟗𝟎° = = = 𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟗𝟎° = = = 𝟎
𝒙 𝟎 𝒚 𝟏

16
 Find the six trigonometric functions of each
quadrantal angle.
2. 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟎°
𝒚 𝟎 𝒓 𝟏
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟎° = = = 𝟎 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟎° = = = 𝒖𝒏𝒅
𝒓 𝟏 𝒚 𝟎

𝒙 −𝟏 𝒓 𝟏
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟎° = = = −𝟏 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟎° = = = −𝟏
𝒓 𝟏 𝒙 −𝟏

𝒚 𝟎 𝒙 −𝟏
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟎° = = =𝟎 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟏𝟔𝟐𝟎° = = = 𝒖𝒏𝒅
𝒙 −𝟏 𝒚 𝟎

17
Try This!

18
Direction: Find the six trigonometric functions of each
quadrantal angle.
𝟒𝟓𝟗𝟎°

19
Performance Task 2.2
Group PETA
✗ Complete the
Table using the
Unit Circle Chart.

21
22
Degree Radian sin cos tan csc sec Cot
0°
30°
45°
60°
90°
120°
135°
150°
180°
210°
225°
240°
270°
300°
315°
330°
360° 23
 Very Needs
Category Excellent Satisfactory
Satisfactory Improvement
100% of the 80 -99% of the 60-79% of the Below 60% of the
Content-
solutions are solutions are solutions are solutions are
Accuracy (20)
correct. (20) correct (17) correct (14) correct (11)
Output is Output is
Presentation of Output is Output is
exceptionally acceptably
Output attractive in terms distractingly
attractive in terms attractive though
of design, layout messy and not
(15) of design, layout it may be a bit
and neatness (13) attractive (9)
and neatness (15) messy (11)
Complete
Substantial Partial Limited
understanding of
Mathematical understanding of understanding of understanding of
the mathematical
Content/ the mathematical the mathematical the mathematical
concepts is evident
Reasoning (15) concepts is concepts is concepts is
in the presentation.
applied. (13) applied. (11) applied. (9)
(15)
Learning Competencies

✗ The learners use the reference

angle to find the exact values of the
circular functions.
Reference Angle
 Reference Angle
Reference angle – is the positive acute angle formed between
the terminal side of the given angle and the 𝒙 − 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔.
Quadrant Degree
I Every angle is reference angle
II 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝛉
III 𝛉 − 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
IV 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝛉
28
✗ Illustrative
Examples

29
 What is the measure of the reference angle for a
205° angle?
Terminal side is on Quadrant III
Reference Angle = 𝛉 − 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
𝟐𝟎𝟓°
= 𝟐𝟎𝟓° − 𝟏𝟖𝟎°
Reference Angle 𝟐𝟓°
= 𝟐𝟓°

30
 Find the measure of the reference angle if the given
angle is 𝟑𝟏𝟓°.
Terminal side is on Quadrant IV
Reference Angle = 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝛉
𝟑𝟏𝟓°
= 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝟑𝟏𝟓°
= 𝟒𝟓° 45°

Reference Angle

31
 Find the measure of the reference angle if the given
angle is 𝟑𝟎𝟑𝟎°.
𝜽
Solve for k: 𝐤 = Terminal side: Q II
𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝟑𝟎𝟑𝟎 Reference Angle:
= = 𝟖. 𝟒𝟐
𝟑𝟔𝟎
𝐤=𝟖 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝛉
Smallest Positive: 𝛉 − 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝒌 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝟏𝟓𝟎°
= 𝟑𝟎𝟑𝟎° − 𝟑𝟔𝟎(𝟖) = 𝟑𝟎°
= 𝟏𝟓𝟎°
32
 𝟏𝟑𝝅
Find the reference angle for .
𝟔

Since the angle measure is more

than 1 revolution, use the
Reference Angle
concept of coterminal angles.
𝜽 𝝅
Use the formulas: 𝒌 = and 𝟔
2𝜋 𝟏𝟑𝝅
𝜃 − 2𝜋𝑘 𝟔
Since it lies in Q1, therefore, we
will just copy the angle measure.

33
 𝟕𝝅
Find the reference angle for .
𝟒
Terminal Side: Q IV
Reference Angle: 2𝜋 − 𝜃
7𝜋
= 2𝜋 −
4
𝜋
=
4
Try This!

35
 Direction: Determine at what quadrant the angle measure is
located and find the reference angle of the following given angle
measures.
Answer:
1. 𝟏𝟔𝟓° 1. 𝑸𝟐: 𝟏𝟓°

2. 𝟑𝟐𝟖° 2. 𝑸𝟒: 𝟑𝟐°

𝝅
𝟗𝝅 3. 𝑸𝟒:
3. − 𝟒
𝟒
𝟑𝝅
𝟒𝟑𝝅 4. 𝑸𝟐:
4. 𝟒
𝟒

36
Finding the Exact
Values of Circular
Functions Using
Reference Angle

37
✗ Illustrative
Examples

39
Find the exact values of the six trigonometric functions
of the given angle measure.
1. 𝟑𝟏𝟓°

Solution: 𝟐 𝟐
Terminal Side: Q IV 𝑷 𝒙, 𝒚 = ( , − )
𝟐 𝟐
Find the reference angle:
= 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝜽
= 𝟑𝟔𝟎° − 𝟑𝟏𝟓°
= 𝟒𝟓°

40
Find the six trigonometric functions of 𝟑𝟏𝟓°.
𝟐 𝒓 𝟏
𝒚 −
𝟐 𝟐 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝟑𝟏𝟓° = = =− 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟑𝟏𝟓° = = =− 𝒚 −
𝟐
𝒓 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝒓 𝟏
𝒙 𝟐 𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝟑𝟏𝟓° = = = 𝟐
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑𝟏𝟓° = = = 𝒙 𝟐
𝒓 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
𝒚 − 𝟐 𝒙
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟑𝟏𝟓° = = 𝟐
= −𝟏 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟑𝟏𝟓° = = 𝟐
= −𝟏
𝒙 𝒚 𝟐
𝟐 − 𝟐

41
Find the exact values of the six trigonometric functions
of the given angle measure.

2.
37𝜋 Positive Coterminal:
6
𝜽 − 𝟐𝝅𝒌
𝟑𝟕𝝅
Solution: Angle measure is − 𝟐𝝅(𝟑)
more than 1 revolution. 𝟔
𝝅
37𝜋 =
𝟔
𝒌= 6 Terminal Side: Q I
𝟐𝝅
𝒌 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖 = 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
𝑷 𝒙, 𝒚 = ( , )
𝟐 𝟐
42
 𝟑𝟕𝝅
Find the six trigonometric functions of .
𝟔
𝟏 𝝅 𝒓 𝟏
𝝅 𝒚 𝟐 𝟏 𝐜𝐬𝐜 = = =𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 = = = 𝟔 𝒚 𝟏
𝟔 𝒓 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝝅 𝒓 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝝅 𝒙 𝟐 𝟑 𝐬𝐞𝐜 = = =
𝐜𝐨𝐬 = = = 𝟔 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑
𝟔 𝒓 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
𝝅 𝒚 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐
𝐭𝐚𝐧 = = 𝟑
= 𝐜𝐨𝐭
𝝅 𝒙
= = 𝟐
= 𝟑
𝟔 𝒙 𝟑 𝟏
𝟐 𝟔 𝒚
𝟐

43
 Applying
Trigonometric
Functions Given
Specific Conditions

44
✗ Illustrative
Examples

45
Analyze the given specific condition and answer what is
being asked in the question.
𝟑
1. Given 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐀 = and A lies on Quadrant II, find
𝟕
the values of other trigonometric functions.
Solution: Identify the values of x, y and r.
By Pythagorean Theorem: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
𝒙𝟐 + (𝟑)𝟐 = 𝟕𝟐 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝟎
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟗 = 𝟒𝟗 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟒𝟗 − 𝟗 𝒙 = 𝟐 𝟏𝟎
Therefore, 𝐱 = −𝟐 𝟏𝟎, 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒓 = 𝟕
46
 Find the six trigonometric functions of angle A.

𝒚 𝟑 𝒓 𝟕
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝑨 = = 𝐜𝐬𝐜 𝑨 = =
𝒓 𝟕 𝒚 𝟑

𝒙 𝟐 𝟏𝟎
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝑨 = = − 𝒓
𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝑨 = = −
𝟕
= −
𝟕 𝟏𝟎
𝒓 𝟕
𝒙 𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟎
𝒚 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏𝟎
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝑨 = = − = − 𝒙
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝑨 = = −
𝟐 𝟏𝟎
𝒙 𝟐 𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟎
𝒚 𝟑

47
Analyze the given specific condition and answer what is
being asked in the question.
𝟏𝟏𝝅
2. Determine the exact value of 𝒕𝒂𝒏 − .
𝟔
𝟏𝟏𝝅
Solution: Determine the quadrant where − lies.
𝟔
Terminal Side: Quadrant I
Reference Angle:
𝟏𝟏𝝅 𝝅
=− + 𝟐𝝅 =
𝟔 𝟔

48
Analyze the given specific condition and answer what is
being asked in the question.
𝟏𝟏𝝅
2. Determine the exact value of 𝒕𝒂𝒏 − .
𝟔
Solution: Determine the coordinates of the terminal
𝟏𝟏𝝅
point of − .
𝟔
𝝅 𝟑 𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝝅
Since 𝑷 =( , ) and − is in Quadrant I, then
𝟔 𝟐 𝟐 𝟔
𝟏𝟏𝝅 𝟑 𝟏
𝑷 − =( , )
𝟔 𝟐 𝟐
49
Analyze the given specific condition and answer what is
being asked in the question.
𝟏𝟏𝝅
2. Determine the exact value of 𝒕𝒂𝒏 − .
𝟔
Solution:
Therefore,
𝟏
𝟏𝟏𝝅 𝒚 𝟏 𝟑
𝒕𝒂𝒏 − = = 𝟐 = =
𝟔 𝒙 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐

50
Try This!

51
 𝟐𝝅
Determine the exact value of 𝒔𝒆𝒄 ( ).
𝟑
Solution: 𝝅 𝟏 𝟑
Since 𝑷 =( , ) and
Quadrant: II 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝝅
𝑷 𝜽 = 𝑷(−𝒙, 𝒚) is in Quadrant II, then
𝟑
Reference Angle: 𝟐𝝅
𝑷( ) =
𝟏 𝟑
(− , )
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
𝟐𝝅 𝝅 Therefore,
𝝅− =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟐𝝅 𝟏 𝟏
𝒔𝒆𝒄 = =
𝟑 𝒙 𝟏
−
𝟐
= −𝟐
52
 𝟑 𝟏
Given 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝟎° = , 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟔𝟎° = , find 𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟔𝟎°.
𝟐 𝟐

Solution:
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟔𝟎°
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟔𝟎° =
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝟎°
𝟏
𝟐 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑
𝐜𝐨𝐭 𝟔𝟎° = = ∙ =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟐

53