1.

Create a Rectangle Class

Implement a Rectangle class that includes:

o Private member variables for length and width.

o A default constructor that initializes the rectangle to default values

(e.g., length and width set to 0).

o A parameterized constructor that accepts values for length and width.

o Implement a method to calculate and display the area of the rectangle.

class Rectangle {
private:
double length;
double width;
public:
//default constructor
Rectangle() {
length = 0;
width = 0;
}
//parameterised constructor
Rectangle(double length, double width) {
this->length = length;
this->width = width;
}

//Methods
double CalculateArea()const{
double area;
return (area = length * width);
}

void DisplayArea() const{

cout << "Area = " << CalculateArea() << endl;
}
};

2. Demonstrate Constructor Overloading

Extend the Rectangle class to include:

o Constructor overloading with multiple constructors that initialize the

rectangle differently (e.g., one with default values and another with

specific values).

o Provide examples in a main program demonstrating how to create

Rectangle objects using different constructors.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Rectangle {
private:
double length;
double width;
public:
//default constructor
Rectangle() {
length = 0;
width = 0;
}
//one parameter constructor
Rectangle(int length) {
this->length = length;
this->width = length;
}
//parameterised constructor
Rectangle(double length, double width) {
this->length = length;
this->width = width;
}
};
int main() {
//by using default constructor.
Rectangle rec1;
//by using one parameter constructor.
Rectangle rec2(5);
//by using two parameter constructor.
Rectangle rec3(2, 6);

return 0;
}

3. Use of Setter and Getter Methods

o Implement setter and getter methods in the Rectangle class for
length and width.
o Write a main program that creates a Rectangle object, modifies its
dimensions using setters, and displays the updated area using getters.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Rectangle {
private:
double length;
double width;
public:

//Setter Method
void setLength(double length) {
this->length = length;
}
void setWidth(double width) {
this->width = width;
}

//Getter Methods
 double getLength() const {
return length;
}
double getWidth() const {
return width;
}
double CalculateArea()const{
double area;
return (area = length * width);
}
void DisplayArea() const{
cout << "Area = " << CalculateArea() << endl;
}

};
int main() {
Rectangle rec1;

rec1.setLength(5);
rec1.setWidth(10);

cout << "Length: " << rec1.getLength() << ", Width: " << rec1.getWidth() <<
endl;
cout << "Area = " << rec1.CalculateArea() << endl;

return 0;
}

4. Initialize Using Initializer Lists

o Modify the Rectangle class to use initializer lists in the constructors.
o Show an example in the main program where an object is initialized
using the initializer list.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Rectangle {
private:
double length;
double width;
public:
//default constructor initialiser list
Rectangle(): length(0), width(0) {}

//one parameter constructor initialiser list

Rectangle(int length): length(length), width(length) {}

//parameterised constructor initialiser list

Rectangle(double l, double w): length(l), width(w) {}

//Getter Methods
double getLength() const {
return length;
}
double getWidth() const {
return width;
}
 double CalculateArea()const{
return length * width;
}
void DisplayArea() const{
cout << "Area = " << CalculateArea() << endl;
}

};
int main() {
Rectangle rec1(10);

cout << "Length: " << rec1.getLength() << ", Width: " << rec1.getWidth() <<
endl;
cout << "Area = " << rec1.CalculateArea() << endl;

return 0;
}

5. Array of Rectangle Objects

o Write a program that creates an array of Rectangle objects.
o Initialize the array with different lengths and widths using
constructors.
o Iterate through the array and display the area of each rectangle using a
simple for loop.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Rectangle {
private:
double length;
double width;
public:
//default constructor initialiser list
Rectangle(): length(0), width(0) {}

//one parameter constructor initialiser list

Rectangle(int length): length(length), width(length) {}

//parameterised constructor initialiser list

Rectangle(double l, double w): length(l), width(w) {}

//Methods
double CalculateArea()const{
return length * width;
}
void DisplayArea() const{
cout << "Area = " << CalculateArea() << endl;
}

};
int main() {
Rectangle rectangles[3] = {
Rectangle(5, 3),
Rectangle(6, 2),
Rectangle(3, 4)
 };

//Displaying Area of rectangles

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
cout << "RECTANGLE-0" << i + 1 << "\n";
rectangles[i].DisplayArea();
}

return 0;
}

6. Default Constructor and Parameterized Constructor

o Discuss what happens when both default and parameterized

constructors are defined.
o Create a simple example illustrating the usage of both in a single
program.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Rectangle {
private:
double length;
double width;
public:
//default constructor
Rectangle(){
length = 0;
width = 0;
}

//one parameter constructor

Rectangle(int length){
this->length = length;
this->width = length;
}

//parameterized constructor
Rectangle(double l, double w){
this->length = length;
this->width = width;
}

};
int main() {
Rectangle r1;
Rectangle r1(5, 7);

return 0;
}

7. Default Constructor with Default Arguments

o Implement a default constructor that includes default arguments for
length and width.
o Create instances of the Rectangle class to demonstrate the use of
default arguments.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Rectangle {
private:
double length;
double width;
public:
//Default constructor with default arguments
Rectangle(double l = 0, double w = 0) {
length = l;
width = w;
}
//Getter Methods
double getLength() const {
return length;
}
double getWidth() const {
return width;
}
double CalculateArea()const{
return length * width;
}
void DisplayArea() const{
cout << "Area = " << CalculateArea() << endl;
}

};
int main() {
Rectangle r1;

r1.DisplayArea();
return 0;
}

8. Understanding the Purpose of Access Specifiers

o Create a class that illustrates the use of public, private, and
protected access specifiers.
o Write methods that demonstrate how each access specifier affects
accessibility of member variables.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class accessSpecifiers {
private:
int privateVar; //Can't be accessed outside the class directly.
public:
int publicVar; //Can be accessed anywhere.
//Methods
void setPrivateVar(int privateVar) {
this->privateVar = privateVar;
}
void display() const {
cout << "PrivateVar = " << privateVar << endl;
}
};
int main() {
accessSpecifiers test;

test.setPrivateVar(10);
test.display();

test.publicVar = 20; //setting publicVar outside the class explicitly.

cout << "PublicVar = " << test.publicVar << endl;

return 0;
}

9. Implement Basic Input Validation

o Add basic input validation in the setter methods of the Rectangle
class to ensure that negative values for dimensions are not accepted.
o Modify the main program to handle these validations gracefully.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Rectangle {
private:
double length;
double width;
public:
//Default constructor with default arguments
Rectangle(double l = 0, double w = 0) {
length = l;
width = w;
}
//Setter Methods
void setLength(double length) {
if (length > 0) {
this->length = length;
}
else
cout << "Invalid input" << endl;
}
void setWidth(double width) {
if (width > 0) {
this->width = width;
}
else
cout << "Invalid input" << endl;
}

//Getter Methods
double getLength() const {
return length;
}
double getWidth() const {
return width;
}
double CalculateArea()const{
return length * width;
}
void DisplayArea() const{
 cout << "Area = " << CalculateArea() << endl;
}

};
int main() {
Rectangle r1;

r1.setLength(-5);
r1.setWidth(5);

cout << "Length: " << r1.getLength() << ", Width: " << r1.getWidth() << endl;
r1.DisplayArea();

return 0;
}

10.Simple Text-Based Menu System

o Create a simple text-based menu in the main program that allows
users to:
 Create a rectangle.
 Display the area of the rectangle.
 Modify dimensions using setters.
 Exit the program.
o Use a loop to keep the program running until the user chooses to exit.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Rectangle {
private:
double length;
double width;
public:
//Default Constructor
Rectangle(double length = 0, double width = 0): length(length), width(width)
{}

//Setter Methods
void setLength() { //setting length for rectangle
cout << "Enter the length for Rectangle: ";
cin >> length;
}
void setWidth() { //setting width for rectangle
cout << "Enter the width for Rectangle: ";
cin >> width;
}

//Getter Methods
double getLength() const{ //Getting Length
return length;
}
double getWidth() const{ //Getting Width
return width;
}

//Some other functions

 void createRectangle() {
setLength();
setWidth();
}
void displayArea() const{
cout << "Area = " << getLength() << " * " << getWidth() << " = " <<
(getLength() * getWidth()) << endl;
}
void updateDimentions() {
setLength();
setWidth();
}
};

void Menu() {
cout << "\n1. Create a Rectangle\n";
cout << "2. Display the area of Rectangle\n";
cout << "3. Update the Dimentions\n";
cout << "4. Exit\n";
}

int main() {
Rectangle rec1;
int choice;

while (true) {
Menu();

cout << "Enter your choice: ";

cin >> choice;

switch (choice) {
case 1:
rec1.createRectangle();
break;
case 2:
rec1.displayArea();
break;
case 3:
rec1.updateDimentions();
break;
case 4:
cout << "\n\nExiting Program... ... ... !!\n\n";
exit(0);
}
cout << "\n\n";
}

return 0;
}