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Structural Organisation of Frogs

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49 views11 pages

Structural Organisation of Frogs

Uploaded by

shreyasin8145
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Structural Organisation of

Frogs
Biological name of frog is Rana tigrina.
Morphology of Frog
Frogs:-
· They change body temperature so they are
called cold blooded or
poikilotherms.
· Camouflage- Change colour according to
environment.
· Summer sleep:- Aestivation
· Winter sleep:-Hibernation
· Rainy season - Active – Breeding
Locomotion:-
· Leap 1.5-2m
· Hindlimb help in swimming.
· Forelimb help in
Morphology:-
· Skin is smooth, slippery (for respiration) due
to mucus.
· Frog never drinks water but absorb it through
skin.
· Dorsal side:- Olive green with dark irregular
spots.
· Ventral side:- Uniformly pale yellow.
· Neck and tail absent.
· Frog body divided into head and trunk.
· Forelimb-4digits-No thumb-No webs
· Hindlimb-5digits-webbed
· Eyes are bulged and covered by a Nictitating
membrane that protects
them while in water.
· Onother side of eyes a membranous
tympanum(ear) receive sound
signals.
· Mesonephric kidney.
· Large intestine absent.
· Tail is present in larval stage but absent in
adult.
Anatomy of Frog
1. Digestive System
The alimentary canal is short because frogs are
carnivorous and hence the length of intestine is
reduced.
Digestive glands- Liver secretes bile stored in pancreas
pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes.
Digestive, reproductive and excretory system have
common opening called cloaca.
Mouth

Buccal Cavity

Through Pharynx

Oesophagus(short tube)

Stomach

Intestine

Rectum

Finally opens outside by cloaca

Digestion of Food

Bilobed tongue, prehensile

Food
Stomach (HCl+gastric juices)

Chyme (Partially digestive food)

Duodenum

Emulsifies fat

Bile juice

From gall bladder

Common bile duct

Pancreatic juice from

pancreas digest

carbohydrate protein

Final digestion in intestine

Absorption of Food
By numerous finger - like folds in inner wall of
intestine called villi and microvilli.
Egestion of Food
Undigested solid waste moves into rectum and
passes out through cloaca.
2. Respiratory System
Frog respire through different ways like
cutaneous, lungs and bucco pharyngeal cavity.
In case of bucco pharyngial cavity the gaseous
exchange occurs through the lungs and
cutaneous respiration occurs through the skin.
Cutaneous respiration occurs in both the
condition in water and on the land.
3. Vascular System
The vascular system of frog is well-developed
close type.
Frogs have a lymphatic system.
Heart is a muscular structure situated in the
upper part of the body cavity. It has three
chambers (2 atria and 1 ventricle).
It is covered by a membrane called
pericardium.
Impure blood Vena Cava Sinus Venosus Right Atrium

Body Ventricle

Capillary Asterio Conus Arterisus Left Atrium Lungs

The RBC of frog is different from humans.


The RBC of frog is nucleated.
The circulation of blood is achieved by the
pumping action of the muscular heart :-
Myogenic
4. Excretory System
The excretory system consist of kidney, ureter,
urinary bladder and cloacal region.
Kidney is situated in posterior portion of the
body on the dorsal surface of the body on both
side of vertebral column.
There is little bit different in the excretory
system of male and female frog, in male both
the urine and sperm is passed through a
common passage called as urinogenital duct
which leads to cloaca where as in female it is
different urine is passed through the ureter
whereas the ova is passed through the oviduct
into cloaca.
The cheap product of nitrogenous waste is
urea.
The frog is ureotelic.
The structural and functional unit of kidney is
nephron or uriniferous tubules.
5. Nervous System
Unpaired diencephalon and paired cerebral
hemispheres.
Presence of paired optic lobe in mid brain.
Hind brain consists of cerebellum and medulla
oblongata.
The medulla oblongata passes out through the
foramen magnum and continues into spinal
cord, which is enclosed in the vertebral column.
All the sensory organs are present but eye and
ear are well developed like the human beings.
6. Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
The male reproductive system of frog is
consists into paired testis located over the
kidney which is surrounded by an structure
called as mesorchium and vasa efferent
arisefrom the testis and connected with a canal
like structure called as Bidder’s canal which is
come out through the kidney.
In male frog both the urine and sperm is carried
out through a common duct called as
urinogenital tract.
This common duct leads into a common
chamber cloaca to carry sperm and urine.
Through cloacal aperture it will thrown out the
body.

Female Reproductive System


The female reproductive organ in the frog there
is presence of a pair of ovary which is located
nearby kidney and from both of the ovary a
duct is arise called oviduct which leads into
cloacal chamber to carry ova.
The female frog release about 2500 to 3000
eggs at a time.
It will release eggs throughout the body
through cloacal chamber.
Fertilisation is external which takes place into
the water.
Frog is beneficial in our daily life in some of the
ways like it will helpful to maintain ecosystem
(food chain and food web).
It also helps us by eating the insects for
agriculture and crop.

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