Scribd
Upload
24 views5 pages

Python Programming Notes-Unit - 2

Uploaded by

hemantkumardingh414
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
24 views5 pages

Python Programming Notes-Unit - 2

Uploaded by

hemantkumardingh414
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

UNIT – 4

Python File Operations & Exception Handling

File Handling

➢ The key function for working with files in Python is the open() function.
➢ The open() function takes two parameters; filename, and mode.

• There are four different methods (modes) for opening a file

➢ "r" - Read - Default value. Opens a file for reading, error if the file does not exist

➢ "a" - Append - Opens a file for appending, creates the file if it does not exist

➢ "w" - Write - Opens a file for writing, creates the file if it does not exist

➢ "x" - Create - Creates the specified file, returns an error if the file exists

• In addition you can specify if the file should be handled as binary or text mode

➢ "t" - Text - Default value. Text mode

➢ "b" - Binary - Binary mode (e.g. images)

Syntax

➢ To open a file for reading it is enough to specify the name of the file
➢ f = open("demofile.txt")

Open a File on the Server

➢ To open the file, use the built-in open() function.


➢ The open() function returns a file object, which has a read() method for reading the
content of the file:
Example
➢ f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
➢ print(f.read())
If the file is located in a different location, you will have to specify the file path, like
this

• Example

➢ Open a file on a different location:


➢ f = open("D:\\myfiles\welcome.txt", "r")
➢ print(f.read())

Read Only Parts of the File

➢ By default the read() method returns the whole text, but you can also specify how many
characters you want to return:

Example

➢ Return the 5 first characters of the file:


➢ f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
➢ print(f.read(5))

Read Lines

➢ You can return one line by using the readline() method:

➢ Example
➢ Read one line of the file:
➢ f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
➢ print(f.readline())

• By calling readline() two times, you can read the two first lines

Example

➢ Read two lines of the file:


➢ f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
➢ print(f.readline())
➢ print(f.readline())

Close Files
➢ It is a good practice to always close the file when you are done with it.

➢ Example
➢ Close the file when you are finish with it:
➢ f = open("demofile.txt", "r")
➢ print(f.readline())
➢ f.close()
Python File Write

➢ Write to an Existing File


• To write to an existing file, you must add a parameter to the open() function:

➢ "a" - Append - will append to the end of the file

➢ "w" - Write - will overwrite any existing content

• Example

Open the file "demofile2.txt" and append content to the file:

f = open("demofile2.txt", "a")
f.write("Now the file has more content!")
f.close()

#open and read the file after the appending:


f = open("demofile2.txt", "r")
print(f.read())

• Example

Open the file "demofile3.txt" and overwrite the content:

f = open("demofile3.txt", "w")
f.write("Woops! I have deleted the content!")
f.close()

#open and read the file after the overwriting:


f = open("demofile3.txt", "r")
print(f.read())

Create a New File

• To create a new file in Python, use the open() method, with one of the following
parameters:

➢ "x" - Create - will create a file, returns an error if the file exist

➢ "a" - Append - will create a file if the specified file does not exist

➢ "w" - Write - will create a file if the specified file does not exist
• Example

➢ Create a file called "myfile.txt":


➢ f = open("myfile.txt", "x")
➢ Result: a new empty file is created!

• Example

➢ Create a new file if it does not exist:


➢ f = open("myfile.txt", "w")

Delete a File

➢ To delete a file, you must import the OS module, and run its os.remove() function:

• Example
➢ Remove the file "demofile.txt":
➢ import os
➢ os.remove("demofile.txt")

Delete Folder

➢ To delete an entire folder, use the os.rmdir() method:

• Example
➢ Remove the folder "myfolder":
➢ import os
➢ os.rmdir("myfolder")

Exception Handling

➢ When an error occurs, or exception as we call it, Python will normally stop and generate
an error message.

➢ The try block lets you test a block of code for errors.

➢ The except block lets you handle the error.

➢ The else block lets you execute code when there is no error.

➢ The finally block lets you execute code, regardless of the result of the try- and
except blocks.
• Example

➢ The try block will generate an exception, because x is not defined:


➢ try:
➢ print(x)
➢ except:
➢ print("An exception occurred")

Else

➢ You can use the else keyword to define a block of code to be executed if no errors were
raised

Example

In this example, the try block does not generate any error
try:
print("Hello")
except:
print("Something went wrong")
else:
print("Nothing went wrong")

Finally

➢ The finally block, if specified, will be executed regardless if the try block raises an error or
not.

Example

try:
print(x)
except:
print("Something went wrong")
finally:
print("The 'try except' is finished")

You might also like