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PROF.
ED REVIEWER
LEARNER CENTERED PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES
CHAPTER 1
COGNITIVE AND METACOGNITIVE
1. NATURE OF LEARNING PROCESS
 The learning of complex subject matter is most effective when it is an intentional
process of constructing meaning from information and experience.
2. GOAL OF THE LEARNING PFROCESS
 The successful learner, over time and with support and instructional guidance,
can create meaningful, coherent representations of knowledge. The strategic
nature of learning requires students to be goal-directed.
3. CONSTRUCTION OF KNOWLEDGE
 The successful learner can link new information with existing knowledge in
meaningful ways.
4. STRATEGIC THINKING
 Learning involves the development and application of strategies for thinking
critically, solving problems, and making decisions.
5. THINKING ABOUT THINKING
 Effective learning includes an awareness of one's own thought processes and the
ability to monitor, regulate, and adapt these processes.
6. CONTEXT LEARNING
 Learning is influenced by the environmental, social, and cultural context in which
it occurs. The context can either support or hinder learning.
MOTIVATIONAL AND AFFECTIVE

7. MOTIVATIONAL AND EMOTIONAL INFLUENCES ON LEARNING
 Motivation and emotions play a significant role in learning. Positive emotions
and motivation can enhance learning, while negative emotions can hinder it.
8. INTRINSIC MOTIVATION TO LEARN
 Learners are more motivated when they find the learning process inherently
interesting and relevant to their lives.
9. EFFECTS OF MOTIVATION ON EFFORT
 Motivation affects the amount of effort learners are willing to invest in learning.
Higher motivation typically leads to greater effort and better performance.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS
10. DEVELOPMENTAL INFLUENCES ON LEARNING
 Learning is influenced by the developmental stage Of the learner. Instruction
should be appropriate to the learner’s level of development.
11. SOCIAL INFLUENCES ON LEARNING
 Learning is enhanced by social interactions and collaboration. Students benefit
from working with others and learning in a social context.
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES FACTOR
12. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES ON LEARNING
 Learners have different abilities, backgrounds, and learning styles. Instruction
should be differentiated to meet the diverse needs of all students.
13. LEARNING AND DIVSERSITY
 Learners bring diverse cultural, linguistic, and experiential backgrounds to the
learning process. Instruction should be inclusive and respectful of this diversity.
14. STANDARDS AND ASSESSMENT
 Assessments should be fair, transparent, and aligned with learning objectives.
They should provide meaningful feedback that supports learning and reflects the
diversity of learners.
ISSUES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 2
o Human Development is the process of enlarging people's freedoms and opportunities
and improving their well-being.
o Human development also include GROWTH, LEARN I NG and CHANGE
o Development is the process of growth and change in physical (body changes), cognitive
(thinking and understanding of the world), and psychosocial (personality and social ski l
ls) aspect that every individual person experiences starting from the moment they are
born.
FOUR (4) ISSUES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
1. NATURE VS. NURTURE
o NURTURE points to the idea that genetic make-up the parent has endowed to
the child as early as conception is an important factor in the child's development.
o NURTURE is the kind of environment the child is subjected to that contributes to
development.
2. CONTINUITY VS. DISCONTINUITY
o Continuity is a child development shows that development is a continuous
process that occurs gradually in small increments.
o Discontinuity development is made up of a series of discrete stages that
represent major and abrupt transformation in functioning.
3. PASSIVITY VS. ACTIVITY

o Passivity hold the idea that a child is a passive organism that is simply shaped by
the genetic composition or by the environmental influences.
o activity holds the beliefs that children are active agents who shape, control, and
direct their own development.
4. EARLY EXPERI ENCES VS. LATER EXPERIENCE
o Early experience contributes a lot to the development of the child.
o Improvements have been observed in those individuals who have not so
good experiences during their child hood.
THE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS
 PRE-NATAL PERIOD can be considered that time of development and growth of a baby
prior to birth.
 GERMINAL STAGE begins at conception when the sperm and egg cell unite in one of the
fallopian tubes.
 EMBRYONIC STAGE The start of embryonic period, a time when the mass of cells
becomes distinct human.around the fourth week it starts to form the head, followed by
the facial features. Two weeks to eight weeks.
 FETAL STAGE Once cell differentiation is mostly complete, the embryo enters the next
stage and becomes known as a fetus. ( 8 WEEKS TO BIRH)
 INFANCY STAGE The first 12 months are the foundation on nutrional health to be
established. A child will learn to say a few words like "mama and papa" (1-2 yrsold)
 SANSTROCK Started to make psychological activities like playing making a music
dancing and singing.A lign bulaga and sawsaw suka if you can recall those (18-24
months).
 HAVIGHRUST Walk, eat solid foods, learn to write, learns to bond of family ect. (0-5
yrsold)
 EARLY CHILDHOOD commonly these are the child who were on a Pre-School(3-5 yrsold)
 Sanstrock age (5-6 yrs old) The chilid is on the pre school They learn to become self
sufficient Oftenly spend most of their times ir playing.
 MIDDLE AND LATE CHILDHOOD (6-12 yrs old) The child is how school ready Knows how
to read,write,and calculate They are now exposed on the diffents values and culture.
 ADOLENCESCENT (13-18 yrs old) This time puberty occurs they are now extremely
concerned on their physical appearance.Boys started to develop their muscles while
girls are now experiencing changes in theri body shape.
 EARLY ADULTHOOD STAGE (19-29 years old) It is the stage where they Established
Personal,Economic Development and Career Development They study seriously
preparing for ther future.
 MIDDLE ADULTHOOD STAGE are ages (30-60 yrs old )in these stage they will experience
Physical Changes like: Less Eyesight and Hearing Problem
 LATE ADULTHOOD STAGE Ages (61 years old and above) This is the time when they will
have: Less strength, Retirement, Weak immune system has a great possibility to have an
illness

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PROF.

MOTIVATIONAL AND AFFECTIVE

ISSUES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

3. PASSIVITY VS. ACTIVITY

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