Chapter 1

Internet Basics

1. A website is a collection of ............... .

1. HTML documents
2. Graphic files
3. audio and video files
4. all the above

Answer

all the above

Reason — A website is a collection of web pages which are linked together. These webpages are HTML
documents which may contain graphic, audio or video files.

2. HTML is an acronym for ............... .

1. Hyper Transfer Mail Language

2. High Tech Mail Language
3. Hyper Text Markup Language
4. Hypertech Mail Language

Answer

Hyper Text Markup Language

Reason — HTML is an acronym for Hyper Text Markup Language.

3. The first page that you normally view at a web site is its ............... .

1. Home page
2. Master page
3. First page
4. Banner page

Answer

Home page

Reason — The first page that we normally view at a web site is its home page.

4. The Internet is most often used for the exchange of ............... and ...............

Answer

The Internet is most often used for the exchange of messages and information.

5. When you visit a website, it will open the page set as ............... of the website.

1. Website
2. Home page
3. Email
 4. ISP
Answer

Home page

Reason — When we visit a website, it will open the page set as home page of the website.

6. The first page on a website that allows you to navigate to other pages via menu system or links, is known as
............... .

1. front page
2. primary page
3. home page
4. first page
5. main page

Answer

home page

Reason — The first page on a website that allows us to navigate to other pages via menu system or links, is
known as the home page.

7. Web pages on a site are linked together through a system of ............... .

Answer

Web pages on a site are linked together through a system of hyperlinks.

8. Online personal journal where one can post her entries to which others can post comments is called ............... .

1. Blog
2. News group
3. Website
4. None of these

Answer

Blog

Reason — Online personal journal where one can post her entries to which others can post comments is
called a blog.

9. Which of the following protocols is used for WWW?

1. ftp
2. http
3. w3c
4. none of these

Answer

Http

Reason — HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the set of rules for transferring hypertext on the World
 Wide Web.
10. The ............... are documents that use HTTP.

Answer

The webpages are documents that use HTTP.

11. Which protocol is used on most URL addresses ?

1. HTML
2. HTP
3. HTTP
4. HLINK

Answer

HTTP

Reason — HyperText Transfer Protocol is used on most URL addresses as this protocol is used to transfer
hypertext documents on the World Wide Web.

12. URL stands for ............... .

1. Universal Resource Locator

2. Uniform Resource Location
3. Uniform Resource Locator
4. None of the above

Answer

Uniform Resource Locator

Reason — URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator.

13. Which of these is not a part of the URL ?

1. IP address
2. Port Number
3. Domain Name
4. None of these

Answer

IP address

Reason — IP address is not a part of URL. A URL contains port number in number based naming system
and domain name in character based naming system.

14. Which portion of the URL below records the directory or folder of the desired resource ?

http://www.somestore.com/firstfloor/shoes.htm

1. http
2. firstfloor
3. shoes.htm
 4. www.somestore.com

Answer
Firstfloor

Reason — A URL is written as type://address/path, where path specifies the location of the file on the
server. Here, firstfloor/shoes.htm is the path and firstfloor is the folder of the desired resource.

15. The address of the location of the document on the world wide web is called its ...............

. Answer

The address of location of the document on the world wide web is called its URL (Uniform Resource
Locator).

16. In the URL, http://www.pacein.com/pr/main.htm, which component identifies the protocol or type of the server
?

1. http
2. www.pacein.com
3. /pr/main.htm
4. None

Answer

Http

Reason — A URL is written as type://address/path, where type specifies the protocol or type of the server.
Thus, http identifies the protocol or type of the server.

17. In URL, http://www.pacein.com/pr/main.htm, which component identifies the web-site ?

1. http
2. www.pacein.com
3. /pr/main.htm
4. None

Answer

www.pacein.com

Reason — A URL is written as type://address/path, where address identifies the website on the server.
Thus, www.pacein.com identifies the website.

18. In the URL, http://www.pacein.com/pr/main.htm, which component identifies the path of a web page ?

1. http
2. www.pacein.com
3. ...com/pr/main.htm
4. None

Answer

...com/pr/main.htm
 Reason — A URL is written as type://address/path, where path tells the location of file on the server. Thus,
pr/main.htm is the path of the file.
Theoretical Questions

Question 1

What is WWW ? How does it function ?

WWW stands for World Wide Web. The World Wide Web is an Internet system i.e., a set of programs, standards,
and protocols that allows multimedia and hypertext files to be created, displayed and linked on the Internet.

The World Wide Web uses different technologies and protocols such as Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML),
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), web browser, internet etc. The basic functioning of WWW is as follows:

1. A client uses a web browser to make HTTP requests to a web server to get some resource on the World
Wide Web.
2. This request reaches the web server via the Internet.
3. The web server locates the required resource on the database and makes it available to the client via the
Internet.

For example, if the client enters the URL : http://www.edupillar.com/index.htm

in the browser, a request is sent to the web server whose domain name is edupillar.com. The server then fetches the
page named index.htm and sends it to the browser of the client.

Question 2

What is a server ? What is a web server ?

A server is a computer that has server software loaded on it. Its main job is to manage network resources and share
resources for clients. There are many types of servers — file server, mail server, web server etc.

A web server is a World Wide Web server that stores web documents and responds to the requests made by web
browsers. It is a specific protocol type of server, looking only for HTTP requests instead of many different types of
resource requests.

Question 3

Enlist some services provided by a server on a network ?

Some services provided by a server on a network are:

1. Equipment/Resource Sharing — High quality printers and photocopiers are often designed to connect
directly to a network and all authorised users can share the equipment. A server is responsible for such a
resource sharing request.
2. Centralised File Saving for Data Sharing — Servers help the user save files to their home directories on the
file server, workers can load their documents on any networked computer.
3. Centralised Virus Scanning — Most file servers run virus scanners constantly to detect and take care of
viruses introduced by any user on any computer.
4. Centralised Backups — High-capacity tape devices in the file server back up all users' work, usually every
night. In case of system failure (or worker failure), lost work can be recovered quickly and easily.
Question 4
 Enlist some services provided by a web server.

A web server is completely dedicated to handling requests for webpages. It provides following major services :

1. Serving Web Pages — The primary function of a webserver is to deliver web pages on the request of
clients using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). This means delivery of HTML documents and any
additional content that may be included by a document, such as images, style sheets and scripts.
2. Running Gateway Programs (CGI) and Returning Output — In order to process the requests received, the
webservers need to run special programs called CGI programs which help them fetch the required output as
per the request made by the client.
3. Controlling Access to the Server — A full implementation of HTTP also includes ways of receiving
content from clients. This feature is used for submitting web forms, including uploading of files. 4.
Monitoring and Logging all Access — The web servers also ensure that only authenticated access takes place
and thus they keep running many monitoring programs and keep logging all the activities. 5. Server Side
Scripting — Many generic web servers also support server-side scripting using Active Server Pages (ASP),
PHP, or other scripting languages.

Question 5

Name some web server software prominently in use.

Some web server software prominently in use are :

1. Apache Webserver
2. Apache Tomcat
3. Webserver IIS
4. The Lighttpd Server
5. Jigsaw web server
6. Sun Java system web server

Question 6

Differentiate between a web page and a home page.

Web page Home Page

A document using http and that

Home page is the top-level web page of a web site. This
resides on a web-site is known as
is the page that gets displayed first of all when a web-site
a web page.
is opened.

A website can contain many web

Only one web page can be set as the home page for a
pages.
web site.

Question 7

How is a web site different from that of a web portal ?

 Web site Web Portal

Collection of webpages offering specialized Collection of launch webpages of array

content pertaining to the need and goal of of web-services like email, search
the organization owning the website. engine,
weather, gaming, news etc.

It is often the final destination to access and It is normally an entry point or gateway
use the provided specific information. for using the offered web-services.

A website is generally linked to its own Generally linked to many other websites
webpages. that provide these web-services.

Caters to or delivers one specific type of A complete environment for managing

application or content as per the goal of the and integrating a large number of diverse
website. applications.

Examples : knowledgeboat.com, Examples : Google, Yahoo, Rediff,

edupillar.com, cbseacademic.in, ncert.nic.in MSN, AOL etc.
etc.

Question 8

What are the components of a website ?

The essential components of a website are as follows:

1. Webhost — A website is physically located on a Webhost. A group of linked webpages qualify to be called
a website only when hosted on a web server. When the user specifies the address of the website, the
webpages are transmitted to the user's computer from a webhost.
2. Address — This is the address (URL) of the website. One needs to put this address into the web browser to
see a website, and the asked site is delivered by the webserver.
3. Homepage — The first page that appears when viewers go to a website is called the Homepage. Home page
is very important as it sets the look and feel of the website and directs viewers to the rest of the pages in
the website.
4. Design — It is the overall look and feel the website has as a result of proper use and integration elements
like navigation menus, graphics, layout etc.
5. Content — All the webpages contained in the website together make up the content of the website. 6. The
Navigation Structure — The navigation structure of a website is the order of the pages, the collection of what
links to what. Usually it is held together by at least one navigation menu.

Question 9

What are the components of a webpage ?

The components of a webpage can be categorized in two ways:

1. Content wise components— Content wise components of a web page are as follows:
i. Hypertext — It refers to a digital text, which is more than just text as it can include information in
 various media formats such as text, graphics, sound, images, videos and hyperlinks.
ii. Hyperlink — It refers to a link from a hypertext file to another such file. A hyperlink can be in the
form of a graphic or text, upon clicking where the linked document opens up.
2. Structure wise components— Structure wise components of a web page are as follows: i. Page Title —
This is a single line text which is displayed on the title bar of the browser displaying web page.
ii. Header — This is generally a one or two line text defining the purpose of the web page. It is
displayed at the top of the web page, below the address bar of the browser.
iii. Body of the web page — This is the section below the header of the web page and it contains the
actual content of the web page.
iv. Navigational Links — These are the hyperlinks placed on the web page using which we can move
to the linked web pages/documents.
v. Footer — This is the bottom section of the web page. This is the section where usually the
copyright notice, website contact information, etc. is put.

Question 10

The first page on a website that allows you to navigate to other page via menu system or links, is known as
............... .

1. front page
2. primary page
3. home page
4. first page
5. main page

Answer

home page

Reason — The first page on a website that allows you to navigate to other page via menu system or links, is
known as home page.

Question 11

Discuss the functioning of a web browser and a web server. Also give some examples of web browsers and web
servers.

A World Wide Web client is called a web browser and a World Wide Web server is called a web server. The
functioning of a web browser and a web server is as follows:

1. The user requests a resource by providing the URL, say http://www.edupillar.com/index.htm to the web
browser.
2. The web browser generates HTTP requests which are sent to the web server whose domain name is
www.edupillar.com via the Internet.
3. The web server then fetches the page named index.htm and sends it to the requesting browser.
4. The web browser displays the web page to the user.

Some commonly used web browsers are Google Chrome, Mosaic, Netscape, Internet Explorer, Safari, Opera etc.

Some commonly used web servers are Apache Web Server, Apache Tomcat, Web Server IIS, The Lighttpd Server,
Jigsaw web server, Sun Java system web server etc.
Question 12

What is a web site ? How is it related to a web page and a home page ?
A website is a group of related web pages hosted on a web server and are linked together and share a common
interface and design.

The web pages of a website are linked together through hyperlinks and hypertext, and share a common interface
and design. All these web pages contain information related to the topic of the website.

The first page that appears when viewers go to a website is called the home page. Home page is very important as
it sets the look and feel of the website and directs viewers to the rest of the pages in the website.

Question 13

What is blogging ? What are its advantages and disadvantages ?

A blog refers to an online journal where entries are posted and the activity of updating or writing a blog is called
blogging.

The advantages of blogging are:

1. It enables us to write down our thoughts on anything that interests us.

2. It is easy to set up and doesn't need much technical knowledge.
3. It is easy and quick to update or add new posts.
4. People can leave comments on our blog.
5. If we want to read other people's blogs there are literally millions to choose from.

The disadvantages of blogging are:

1. Whatever we publish is available for everyone to see. If we write a post in anger we might regret later.
2. Personal blogs may be biased or contain inaccurate information.
3. Blogs can be time-consuming. Finding time to write regular updates can become a chore.
4. People may leave rude or inappropriate comments.
5. There are many very dull blogs around. We may have to look at many before we find some worth reading.

Question 14

What do you understand about a (i) Web browser (ii) Web server ?

A web browser is a program that lets us visit different websites on the internet and display their offerings on our
own computer. For example, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, etc.

A web server is a World Wide Web (WWW) server that stores web documents and responds to the requests made
by web browsers. For example, Apache Webserver, Apache Tomcat, Webserver IIS, etc.

Question 15

Each web page has its own unique address known as ............... .

1. Uniform Resource Locator

2. Universal Resource Location
3. Uniform Resource Location
 4. Universal Resource Locator

Uniform Resource Locator

Reason — HTTP uses Internet addresses in a special format called the Uniform Resource Locator to locate
websites.

Question 16

In the URL, http://www.mycorp.com/pr/master.htm, what is the http component ?

In the given URL, http is the type component which tells the protocol and the type of server in which the file is
located.

Question 17

In the URL, http://www.mycorp.com/pr/master.htm, what is the www.mycorp.com component ?

Answer

In the given URL, www.mycorp.com is the address component which tells the address of the server.

Question 18

In the URL, http://www.mycorp.com/pr/master.htm, what is the /pr/master.htm component ?

Answer

In the given URL, /pr/master.htm is the path component which tells the path of the required resource.

Question 19

What is a URL ? What are its components ? Exemplify.

A location on a net server is called a URL or Uniform Resource Locator.

A URL is written as type://address/path

Thus, the components of a URL are:

1. type — The type of server or protocol

2. address — The name/address of the server on the Internet
3. path — The location of the file on the server

For example, in the following URL:

http://encycle.msn.com/getinfo/styles.asp

1. http — specifies the type of server and protocol

2. encycle.msn.com — specifies the name/address of the server on the Internet
3. getinfo/styles.asp — specifies the location of the file on the server

Question 20
 What do you understand about protocols ? What roles do various protocols play on the Internet ?

A protocol is a set of rules governing an operation or application. It is usually an agreed upon or standardized
method for transmitting data and/or establishing communications between different devices.
Different protocols play different roles on the Internet. Some examples are as follows:

1. Hypertext Transfer Protocol — HTTP is a system for transferring information over the internet without any
security feature. It is used to send non-sensitive information.
2. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure — HTTPS is a system for transferring information with Secure Socket
Layer (SSL) that encrypts and sends information over a secure connection, making it hard to steal. It is
used to send sensitive information.

Question 21

Search for some sites that let you create blogs.

Some sites that let us create blogs are:

1. www.wordpress.org
2. www.weebly.com
3. www.blogger.com
4. www.tumblr.com
5. www.blogspot.com

Application Based Questions

Question 1

PJM Bank has a Head Office based in Bangalore and a large number of branches nationwide. The Head Office and
branches communicate using the Internet. Give two features of the Internet.

Answer

Two features of Internet are:

1. The Internet has made it possible for people all over the world to effectively and inexpensively
communicate with each other.
2. The Internet serves as a vast repository of information, making it easily accessible to anyone with an
Internet connection.

Question 2

Chirpy Toys is a small company manufacturing soft toys. They have decided that it would be beneficial to the
company to create a website, which would allow customers to order on-line.

(a) Explain how a customer who did not know the company's website address would gain access to the site.

(b) Describe how Chirpy Toys would benefit from the introduction of a website.

(c) Describe how the customers would benefit from the introduction of the website.
 (d) Give three disadvantages of using the Internet to purchase goods.

Answer
(a) A customer can use a search engine like Google or Bing to search for "Chirpy Toys". The search results will
likely display the company's website among the top results, allowing the customer to click on the link and access
the site.

(b) Chirpy Toys would get the following benefits from the introduction of a website :

1. Increased Reach — A website would provide Chirpy Toys with a global online presence, allowing them to
reach a wider audience beyond their physical location. Customers from different regions or even countries
can discover and purchase their soft toys.
2. 24/7 Availability — Unlike a physical store, a website can operate round the clock. Customers can access
and make purchases at any time convenient to them, even outside regular business hours. This increases
sales opportunities and customer satisfaction.
3. Cost Efficiency — Setting up and maintaining a website is generally more cost-effective compared to
establishing and operating a physical store. It reduces expenses related to rent, utilities, and staffing
requirements.
4. Enhanced Customer Insights — Through the website Chirpy Toys can gather valuable customer data,
analyze buying patterns, and obtain feedback through online surveys. This information can help them
understand their customers better and make informed business decisions.

(c) The customers would get the following benefits from the introduction of the website:

1. Convenience — Customers can browse and purchase Chirpy Toys' products from the comfort of their own
homes or anywhere with an internet connection. They can shop at their own pace, without the need to visit
a physical store or adhere to specific opening hours.
2. Wide Product Selection — Chirpy Toys can showcase their entire product range on the website, including
new releases and exclusive items. Customers can access a broader selection of soft toys compared to a
physical store with limited shelf space.
3. Enhanced Product Information — The website can provide comprehensive product descriptions, images,
videos and customer reviews, enabling customers to make well-informed purchasing decisions. 4.
Economical — Customers will save time and money by not having to visit the shop in person and still being
able to have a simplified shopping experience.

(d) Three disadvantages of using the Internet to purchase goods are as follows:

1. Lack of Physical Inspection — When purchasing goods online, customers do not have the opportunity to
physically inspect or try out the product before making a purchase.
2. Potential for Fraud and Security Risks — Online shopping involves providing personal and financial
information, which can be vulnerable to hackers if proper security measures are not in place. 3. Delayed
or Inconvenient Delivery — It takes time for the good purchased using the Internet to get delivered to
us. If the product is required urgently then we can't get it through Internet.

Question 3

Simon has a villa, which he rents to holidaymakers. He creates a website to advertise the villa. Simon chooses an
ISP to host his website. The structure of his website is shown below.
(a) State what Simon should have on his homepage to help users navigate his website.
(b) Simon uploads his website files to the ISP host computer.

(i) State what ISP means.

(ii) Name the Internet service that Simon uses to upload his website files.

(iii) Name the type of data transmission that takes place when his website files are transferred to the host computer
from Simon's computer.

(c) The URL for the Web page which has a map is :

http://www.indiaisp.co.in/simonsvilla/map.html

(i) State the domain name for this Web page.

(ii) Describe the function of the Domain Name Service.

(d) Simon registers details of his website with a search engine company. State one reason why this will
benefit Simon.

Answer

(a) Simon's website should include the following elements on his home page:

1. Navigation Menu to facilitate easy navigation of web pages.

2. Attractive Visuals as it sets the look and feel of the website.
3. Brief Introduction of his villa and its facilities.
4. Call to Action buttons like "Book Now", "Check Availability", "Contact Us" etc to guide users towards
specific actions.
5. Contact information including phone number, email address, and any other relevant details.

(b)

(i) An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is an organization that provides the facility of availing internet services
against a fee.

(ii) Simon uses FTP service to upload his website files to the ISP host computer.

(iii) The type of data transmission that takes place when Simon's website files are transferred from his computer to
the host computer is known as upload or upstream data transmission.

(c)

(i) The domain name for this web page is indiaisp.co.in.

(ii) The function of the Domain Name Service is to translate domain names into IP addresses that computers can
 understand. DNS acts as a directory that matches human-readable domain names to their corresponding numerical
IP addresses, allowing users to access websites without needing to remember or type in the IP addresses directly.

(d) Registering details of his website with a search engine company will increase the visibility of Simon's website
in search engine results. When people search for relevant keywords or phrases related to villa rentals or holiday
accommodations, Simon's website will have a higher chance of appearing in the search engine's results page.

Question 4

The Internet is a series of interconnected computers throughout the world.

(a) Name one of the services that is offered on the Internet.

(b) When using the World Wide Web, a user can type in the web address of a page they wish to look at. Suggest
one other way that a user could go to a web page.

Answer

(a) Email or electronic mail.

(b) Users can use search engines like Google or Bing to visit web pages. They simply search for keywords or
phrases related to the desired site. The search engine displays relevant results as clickable hyperlinks/URLs. By
clicking on the appropriate hyperlink, the user's web browser opens the desired site.

Question 5

Shashwat accesses a web page which gives tips on how best to play the game.
The URL is :
http://www.granalan.com/tips/faq.html

(a) What server is hosting this web page ?

(b) What is the name of the file being accessed ?

Answer

(a) The web page is hosted on http server.

(b) The name of the file being accessed in the URL is faq.html.
Internet Services and Mobile Technologies
Objective Type Questions

1. In web services, the communication takes place between ............... .

1. Two electronic devices

2. Two human beings
3. Two spiders
4. None of the above

Answer

Two electronic devices

 Reason — Web services are the software based services that take place when two electronic devices
connected via network communicate over WWW's HTTP.

2. An email can be sent via, ............... .

1. PC
2. Tablet
3. Smart phone
4. All the above

Answer

All the above

Reason — An email can be sent via PC, tablet or smart phone.

3. In an email address, the characters following '@' character represent ............... .

1. User name
2. E-mail Recipient
3. Domain name
4. None of these

Answer

Domain name

Reason — In an email address, the characters following '@' character represent the domain name for the
host server.

4. In the email address "[email protected]", what is the domain name ?

1. the whole email address

2. .com
3. edupillar.com
4. Hithere

Answer

edupillar.com

Reason — In an email address, the characters following '@' character represent the domain name for the
host server.

5. ............... field of email-compose box allows to send same message to multiple recipients without getting them
know about other recipients.

1. cc
2. To
 3. bcc
4. Message

Answer

Bcc

Reason — bcc stands for Blind Carbon Copy. the bcc field of the email-compose box allows sending the
same message to multiple recipients without letting them know about other recipients.

6. Which of the following is not a legal domain in context of web address ?

1. edu
2. com
3. tv
4. Work

Answer

Work

Reason — edu, com and tv are legal domain names of web addresses and they represent educational firms,
commercial firms and television channels respectively.

7. Chatting on Internet is :

1. Talking face to face

2. Talking on phone
3. Online textual talk
4. None of these

Answer

Online textual talk

Reason — Online textual talk is called chatting.

8. Chat Rooms are actual rooms where chat sessions take place.

Answer

False

Reason — Chat rooms are not actual rooms but websites or a part of some online services that provide an
online venue for communities of users with a common interest to communicate in real time.

9. To participate in a chat, you must be logged in to the same site and communicate live with others by typing
words on your computer. (T/F)

Answer

True
 Reason — To participate in a chat, you must be logged in the same site and communicate live with others
by typing words on your computer.

10. A ............... room or online forum allows users to communicate through typed messages which are displayed
almost instantly.

1. Mail
2. Buddy
3. Chat
4. Message

Answer

Chat

Reason — A chat room or online forum allows users to communicate through typed messages which are
displayed almost instantly.

11. Online textual talk is called ............... .

1. Video Conferencing
2. Telephony
3. Text Phone
4. Chat

Answer

Chat

Reason — Online textual talk is called chatting.

12. Electronic mail cannot be used for ............... .

1. Sending documents
2. Sending bulk data (say over 2GB)
3. Sending attachments
4. Sending messages

Answer

Sending bulk data (say over 2GB)

Reason — Email can be used to send documents, attachments and messages. There are limitations on
attachment size imposed by email providers.

13. A two way video phone conversation among multiple participants is called ............... .

1. Video chatting
2. Video talking
 3. Video conferencing
4. Video watching

Answer

Video conferencing

Reason — A two way video phone conversation among multiple participants is called Video conferencing.

14. Which of the following is not a feature / service of the web ?

1. E-mail
2. Telnet
3. CPU
4. Chat

Answer

CPU

Reason — CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a part of the computer and not a feature / service of the web.
E-mail, chat and telnet are features / services of the web.

15. You can use email to send messages but not files across the Internet. (T/F)

Answer

False

Reason — E-mails can be used to send messages as well as files of a limited size.

16. Pick the odd one out.

1. Amazon
2. e-bay
3. twitter
4. Naaptol

Answer
Twitter

Reason — While Amazon, eBay and Naaptol are all e-commerce platforms or online marketplaces, Twitter
is a social media platform primarily focused on micro-blogging and social networking.

17. The benefit of E-learning is :

1. Class work can be scheduled around work and family

2. Reduces travel time and travel costs for off-campus students
3. Students can study anywhere they have access to a computer and Internet connection
4. All the above
 Answer

All the above

Reason — E-learning reduces travel time and travel costs for off-campus students, allows remote learning
facilities and scheduling of class work around work and family.

18. Fill in the blanks

1. A ............... is a set of rules that are needed for communication.

2. ............... enables the actual sending and receiving of messages.
3. The symbol, '@' is pronounced as ............... and this remains the same in every email address.

Answer

1. A protocol is a set of rules that are needed for communication.

2. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) enables the actual sending and receiving of messages. 3. The
symbol, '@' is pronounced as at the rate or at and this remains the same in every email address.

19. Out of the following which one is the most used feature of Internet :

1. E-mail
2. FTP
3. Telnet
4. Usenet ?

Answer

E-mail

Reason — E-mail is the most used feature of Internet as it is publicly used for sending messages.

20. e-Reservation is a process of making reservations of ............... .

1. Tickets
2. Hotel rooms
3. Tourist packages
4. All of these

Answer
All of these

Reason — e-Reservation is a process of making reservations of tickets, hotel rooms and tourist packages.

21. Buying goods by placing orders online is called ............... .

1. e-Commerce
2. e-Shopping
3. e-buying
 4. all the above

Answer

e-Shopping

Reason — e-Shopping means buying goods by placing orders online.

22. Which of the following is the major reason cited for e-Shopping's popularity ?

1. unique offers
2. price
3. impulse
4. Convenience

Answer

Convenience

Reason — Convenience is the major reason cited for e-Shopping popularity.

23. Which of the following is/are immensely popular services of the Internet ?

1. e-commerce
2. blogs
3. social-networking
4. E-shopping

Answer

Social-networking

Reason — Social-networking is a popular service of the internet.

24. Which of the following is an example(s) of e-governance ?

1. Applying for passport online

2. Sending email to your school friend
3. Buying books online
4. Enquiring about the status of Aadhaar application.

Answer
Applying for passport online & Enquiring about the status of Aadhaar application

Reason — e-governance refers to the application of electronic means in governance. Since applying for a
passport and enquiring about the status of Aadhaar involves using online services provided by the
government, they are examples of e-governance.
 Theoretical Questions

Question 1

Out of the following which one is the most used feature of Internet ?

1. e-mail
2. FTP
3. Telnet
4. Usenet

Answer

E-mail is the most used feature of Internet as it is publicly used for sending messages.

Question 2

What are the two parts of an e-mail address ? Which character is used to separate these two parts ?

Answer

An e-mail address has two parts separated by '@' symbol :

1. Username — On the left side of @ operator is the username.

2. Domain name for the host server — The portion to the right of @ identifies the server or host or network
that services our e-mail.

Question 3

In an e-mail account, which folder stores the received emails ?

Answer

Inbox folder stores the received emails.

Question 4

What is emoticon ? What is its usage ?

Answer
An emoticon is a symbol, most often used in computer-mediated communications.

It is used to represent a facial expression that communicates the emotional state of the sender.
Question 5

Why is it necessary to be online while chatting ?

Answer

We need to be online while chatting for the following reasons :

1. Chatting is a web service which requires internet. If we want to chat, we need to log on to a server that
provides chat facility.
2. Chat platforms often rely on instant messaging, where messages are delivered and received instantly. 3.
Being online while chatting allows us to engage in real-time conversations with other users. This allows for
immediate responses and facilitates smooth and dynamic communication.

Question 6

Explain the structure of an e-mail address.

Answer

E-mail addresses are commonly written in the form given below:

username@hostname

An email-address has two parts separated by '@' symbol.

1. Username — On the left side of @ separator is the user name. A user name can not have blanks. 2.
Domain name for the host server — The portion to the right of @ identifies the server or host or network
that services your e-mail. It is sometimes also called the e-mail server.

For example, [email protected], [email protected], etc.

Question 7

Explain the structure of an e-mail message. Also differentiate between Cc: and Bcc: fields.

Answer

The general structure of an e-mail message is as follows:

1. From — This is the address of the sender of the e-mail.

2. To — This is the address or addresses to which the e-mail is sent.
3. CC — It stands for Carbon Copy. Here we specify the address/addresses of those to whom we want to send
a copy of the e-mail. The CC recipient's name is visible to all recipients.
4. BCC — It is for Blind Carbon Copy. This is also a list of addresses that will receive a copy of the e-mail
but BCC recipient's name is not visible to other recipients. The BCC recipients can see the TO and CC
addresses.
5. Subject — A short title for the mail which speaks about contents of the message.
6. Body — It is the actual message.
 7. Attachments — We can attach one or more pictures and documents or any other file with our e-mail. 8.
Date — This is the date and time on which the message was sent from the sender's computer. 9. Message-id
— Every message will have a unique id, which is used to track replies to it. The message id is not visible to
us. It is used internally by the e-mail program and the e-mail system.

The difference between cc and bcc is as follows:

Cc Bcc

It stands for Carbon Copy. It stands for Blind Carbon Copy.

The e-mail addresses of all the recipients are

It hides the e-mail addresses of all recepients such that they
displayed in the message.
are not visible in the message.

It does not protect the privacy of our

It protects the privacy of our recipients.
recipients.

Question 8

To find out about e-mail address of one of your friends, which utility will you use and how ?

Answer

I can use the website — www.123people to find out about e-mail address of my friend.

To find the e-mail address of a person, follow these steps:

1. Log onto www.123people.com.

2. We will see the people search page on our screen. Now type the first name and last name of the person
whose email-id is to be searched.
3. Click Search button and the search engine will search for the name given in its database and display the
results on the screen.

Question 9

What do you understand by video conferencing ? What all things must be installed on your computer in order to
have video conferencing ?

Answer

A two-way videophone conversation among multiple participants is called Video Conferencing. The

things that must be installed on a multimedia computer in order to have video conferencing are : 1. a

camera hardware
 2. a video compression hardware
3. access to Internet over an ordinary telephone line
4. videophone software

Question 11

What are the uses and misuses of social networking sites ?

Answer

Major uses of social networking sites are :

1. It is easier to connect with people from all across the world on social networking site. 2. With social
networking, conducting discussions and collecting views or opinions on anything has become easier.
3. Social networking sites provide interactive involvement with other people.
4. Interactive involvement in online and social networking forums helps in improving the world awareness.

Major misuses of social networking sites are :

1. Some people with wrong intentions can misuse the personal information posted by innocent users such as
date-of-birth, address, school address, phone numbers etc.
2. Some people with bad intentions use social networking sites for spreading baseless 'facts' resulting in a
complete abuse of the 'freedom of expression'.
3. There are numerous fake user profiles in these sites.
4. With growing use of social networking sites undesirable elements have crept up who resort to needless
bullying, defamation, harmful commenting and pranks and persecute hapless, innocent victims and pages. 5.
In order to fit under peer-pressure, often people lie or put exaggerated information about them. This leads to
consequences born out of jealousy and harmful reactions.

Question 12

Name some social networking sites.

Answer

Some social networking sites are as follows:

1. Facebook
2. Twitter
3. Reddit
4. LinkedIn

Question 13

What precautions and measures should you take while using web services such as social networks, e-shopping
etc.?

Answer
We should take the following precautions and measures while using web services such as social networks,
 e-shopping, etc. :

1. One should carefully upload the contents, pictures, videos etc. as it may also involve others and posting
these may violate other users' privacy.
2. One should deliberately keep away from indulging in illegal and unethical activities like hacking and
posting of threatening online messages.
3. One should treat every other user equal and no less in any way.
4. Any of our action must not hinder in any way the betterment of the society and promoting common good of
the users.
5. One should use strong, unique passwords for each online account to minimize the risk of unauthorized
access.
6. One should review and configure privacy settings on social networks to control the visibility of personal
information.
7. One should be cautious of suspicious emails, messages, or links that may lead to phishing websites.
8. One should regularly update software and devices.
9. Read terms and conditions carefully before signing up or using a web service.
10. One should regularly monitor and review accounts.

Question 14

What are blogs ? How are they useful ?

Answer

A blog refers to an online journal where entries are posted.

Blogs are useful in the following ways:

1. Information sharing — Blogs allow sharing valuable information and expertise.

2. Personal expression — Blogs provide a platform for personal experiences and stories. 3.
Community building — Blogs foster a sense of community and encourage discussions. 4.
Authority and credibility — Blogs establish expertise and professional credibility.
5. Marketing and promotion — Blogs promote businesses, products, or services.
6. Creative and professional development — Blogs enhance writing skills and foster growth.

Question 15

What is video conferencing ? Name some popular video conferencing software.

Answer

A two-way videophone conversation among multiple participants is called Video Conferencing.

Some popular video conferencing software include Skype, Zoom, Google Meet, ooVoo, etc.

Question 16

What is the utility of e-learning ?

Answer
 The utilities of e-learning are as follows:

1. Reduced Overall Cost — It's less expensive to produce. e-training is virtually free once the break-even
point is reached.
2. e-Learning is self-directed and self-paced — Learners control the amount of time they spend on any
particular topic.
3. e-Learning is interactive and hands-on — The use of a variety of multimedia in e-Learning increases
student involvement and reinforces the learning experience.
4. e-Learning is flexible — Learning can take place anytime and anywhere, as long as the necessary
equipment is accessible.
5. Consistent delivery — e-learning eliminates the problems associated with different instructors teaching
slightly different material on the same subject.
6. Easily Manageable — Today's e-learning software allow a group of people to keep track of the course
offerings, schedule and track their progress and results.

Question 17

What is e-reservation ?

Answer

Making reservations of tickets or hotel rooms or tourist packages etc., through Internet is known as e-Reservation
or online reservation.

Question 18

Name some protocols that are used for remote logging on a server.

Answer

Some protocols that are used for remote logging on a server are :

1. Telnet
2. SSH (Secure SHell) Protocol

Question 19

Name some file transfer protocols used over Internet.

Answer

Some file transfer protocols used over Internet are:

1. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

2. SFTP (Secure FTP) Protocol
3. SCP (Secure CoPy) Protocol

Question 20
 What is the significance of SSH protocol ?

Answer

The traditional Internet protocols like Telnet, FTP, even email, share data/information in unencrypted form over
Internet, which can easily be eavesdropped. Since the data is unencrypted, it is unsecure and hence any hacker can
easily grab that data such as username and password, other data shared etc.
On the other hand, if we use SSH, it secures our data by creating a secure connection with encrypted data. This
ensures that only the client and the server will have access to actual data.

Question 21

What are commonly used Mobile technologies?

Answer

Commonly used mobile technologies are :

1. SMS (Short Message Service) — It is also commonly referred to as a "text message". With an SMS, one
can send a message of up to 160 characters to another mobile device. Most cell phones support this type of
text messaging.
2. MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) — It is a standard way to send messages that include multimedia
content (such as pictures, video, or audio content) to and from mobile phones.
3. 3G (Third Generation) — It enabled wireless devices to operate at speeds which made web browsing a
more enjoyable experience on mobile devices.
4. 4G (Fourth Generation) — 4G is the next generation of mobile technologies with enhanced download and
upload speeds, and better connectivity. A 4G network offers peak data rates of at least 100 megabits per
second for high mobility communication.
5. 5G (Fifth Generation) — 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to connect virtually everyone
and everything together including machines, objects, and devices.

Question 22

How is an MMS different from SMS ?

Answer

SMS (Short Message Service) lets us send only short text messages of up to 160 characters over mobile
phones. SMS cannot include pictures, video or audio content.

MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) is a standard way to send messages that include multimedia content to and
from mobile phones. MMS can include various types of media in it, such as pictures, video, or audio content.

Question 23

Give one difference between 3G and 4G.

Answer
A 3G network can produce a download data rates of upto 384 kbps under normal conditions and up to 2 Mbps in
 some instances while a 4G network offers peak data rates of at least 100 megabits per second for high mobility
communication (users in cars, trains, etc.) and at least 1 Gigabit per second for low mobility communication
(pedestrians and stationary users).

Question 24

A mobile phone, though supports a 4G service, is receiving only 3G. What could be the reason ?

Answer

The reason could be the network coverage. The network in area might be 3G only and 4G coverage might not be
available there. Hence, even though the mobile phone supports 4G service, it will only receive 3G.

Question 25

What is Telnet ? Why is it used ?

Answer

Telnet is an Internet utility that lets us log onto remote computer systems.

Uses of Telnet are :

1. It is used to login onto remote systems and do work.

2. It can also be used to connect to thousands of catalogs at libraries around the world and find out the
availability of books.

Question 26

Why is SFTP called a secure protocol ?

Answer

SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) is called a secure protocol for file transfer as it takes the following measures
to ensure data safety :

1. SFTP requires that the client user must be authenticated by the server and the data transfer must take place
over a secure channel (SSH).
2. All data is encrypted before being sent across the network.
3. SFTP encrypts both commands and data providing effective protection against common network security
risks.

Question 27

What is SSH ? How is it related to SFTP and SCP protocols ?

Answer

SSH (Secure SHell) is remote logging protocol that logs into remote machine via a shell where all data between
the client and server is encrypted.
 The SSH protocol ensures security shell using other protocols like SCP and SFTP. The SCP (Secure Copy)
protocol allows transmission of files from one machine to another over Internet with the encryption benefits of
SSH. Similarly, SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) is a secure protocol for file transfer and it ensures security of
data based on the SSH protocol.

Application Oriented Questions

Question 1

When an e-mail is received it can be sent on to other e-mail addresses. This is :

1. forwarding
2. replying
3. mailing
4. attaching

Answer

forwarding

Reason — A received message can be sent on to other e-mail addresses by using the 'Forward' option.

Question 2

PJM Bank has a Head Office based in Bangalore and a large number of branches nationwide. The Head Office
uses video conferencing to communicate with the branch managers.

(a) Identify the requirements to be fulfilled by each branch for video conferencing.

(b) Describe three benefits to the bank of using video conferencing.

(c) Describe three problems that may occur when using video conferencing.

Answer

(a) For video conferencing, each branch should fulfill the following requirements :

1. Multimedia PCs
2. Video Cameras
3. Microphones
4. Internet connection
5. Video conferencing software

(b) Three benefits to the bank of using video conferencing are:

1. Cost and time savings — It reduces travel expenses for the bank and saves valuable time for the branch
managers by reducing the need to travel to the head office for meetings.
2. Enhanced communication and collaboration — It improves communication and collaboration resulting in
faster decision-making.
 3. Increased efficiency and productivity — It enables sharing documents and presentations during meetings
making it easier to provide updates, have real-time discussions and conduct training sessions for branch
managers and staff.

(c) Three problems that may occur when using video conferencing are:

1. Technical difficulties — Video conferencing relies heavily on technology, and technical issues like poor
internet connection, poor quality video camera or microphone, etc. can disrupt or degrade the quality of
meetings.
2. Distractions and multitasking — Participants in video conferences may face distractions from their
immediate environment, such as noise, interruptions, or personal devices.
3. Lack of non-verbal cues — The video camera might not be able to see all parts of the room at the same
time leading to potential misunderstandings or misinterpretations during discussions.

Question 3

(a) Give two ways, other than video conferencing, in which branches are able to communicate. Give one advantage
for each.

(b) There has been a large increase in the number of customers who use the Internet banking facilities offered by
PJM Bank. Give, two reasons why customers choose to use Internet banking.

Answer

(a) Two ways, other than video conferencing, in which branches can communicate are:
S. Method Advantage

N
o.

1. E-mail Emails can be sent and read at different times, allowing flexibility for recipients
to respond when convenient.

2. Instant Instant Messaging allows for instant exchanges, facilitating quick

Messaging decision-making and problem-solving.

(b) Two reasons that customers choose to use Internet banking are:

1. Customers don't need to visit the branch. It saves their time and travel cost.
2. Customers can do their banking transaction at anytime as per their convenience without being restricted by
the business hours of the bank.

Question 4

(a) Juhi uses a computer to send e-mails to her sister in America.

 1. Juhi has a photograph stored on her computer that she wants to send to her sister. Describe the process of
sending an e-mail with a photograph.
2. Explain what all types of files can she send with e-mail ?

(b) Juhi is researching Indian freedom struggle history on the Internet. She uses a search engine to help her.

1. The computer sometimes takes a long time to respond when Juhi enters a question into the search engine.
Give two reasons why this might happen.
2. The search engine returned a large number of links when she entered 'Gandhi'. Give two things Juhi can do
to reduce the number of links.

Answer

(a) Juhi uses a computer to send e-mails to her sister in America :

1. To send mail to her sister, Juhi needs to first log in to her e-mail account and then follow these steps :
Step 1 — Click on Compose button to compose a new mail message.
Step 2 — In the Compose Message window, type the e-mail address of her sister in the To
field. Step 3 — Fill in the subject of the message in the Subject field.
Step 4 — Click on the Attach a file link below Subject box. Browse through the computer and select the
photograph to be sent. Then click on Open.
Step 5 — Write the message in the box designated for it.
Step 6 — Click on Send button.
2. Juhi can send the following types of files through e-mail:
i. Documents — This includes files in formats such as DOCX (Microsoft Word), PDF (Portable
Document Format), XLSX (Microsoft Excel), PPTX (Microsoft PowerPoint), and TXT (plain text
files).
ii. Images — Popular image formats like JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP can be attached to emails. These
files can include digital photos, illustrations, or graphics.
iii. Audio files — Formats like MP3, WAV, and AAC can be sent as email attachments. These files can
include music, sound effects, or voice recordings.
iv. Video files — Common video file formats such as MP4, AVI, MOV, and WMV can be attached to
emails. These files can include recorded videos or video clips.
v. Compressed files — Archives or compressed files, like ZIP or RAR, can be sent as email
attachments. These files are used to combine multiple files into a single compressed file for easier
sharing.
vi. Presentations — Presentation files, such as PPTX (PowerPoint) or Keynote files, can be sent via
email.
vii. Spreadsheets — Spreadsheet files, like XLSX (Excel) or CSV (Comma-Separated Values), can be
attached to emails.

(b) Juhi is using a search engine to research Indian freedom struggle history :

1. Two reasons why computer is taking longer to respond are :

i. Slow internet connection — If Juhi has a slow internet connection, it can significantly affect the
response time of the search engine.
ii. High server load — The search engine's servers may be experiencing a high volume of requests,
 leading to slower response times.
2. Two things Juhi can do to reduce the number of links are:
i. Use specific keywords — Instead of using a broad term like 'Gandhi', Juhi can refine her search by
including more specific keywords related to her research topic. For example, she can search for
'Mahatma Gandhi Indian freedom struggle' or 'Gandhi's role in Indian independence movement'.
Adding relevant keywords will help narrow down the search results to more specific and relevant
information.
ii. Utilize advanced search operators — Juhi can use operators like quotation marks (" ") to search for
exact phrases or hyphen (-) to exclude specific words or terms. For example, she can search for
"Mahatma Gandhi" -movie to exclude links related to movies about Gandhi.

Question 5

Swirlpool is a company that sells washing machines from its website. Sophie buys a washing machine from the
Swirlpool website.

(a) What is this way of shopping called ?

(b) Describe one advantage to the customers of e-sales.

(c) Swirlpool encourages its employees to study online and enhance their skills. What is the term that describes
this form of learning ?

Answer

(a) This way of shopping is called e-shopping.

(b) e-shopping is very convenient for the customers. They don't have to visit the shops. They can shop from
anywhere which saves their time and travel cost.

(c) Studying online is called e-learning.

Solutions of Unsolved Examination Questions

Question 1(a)

Explain the term "Downloading from Internet."

Answer

The term "Downloading from Internet" means the process of transferring files from a net server onto one's local
machine.

Question 1(b)

Give the full form of the following terms :

(i) WWW

(ii) FTP.
 Answer

(i) WWW — World Wide Web

(ii) FTP — File Transfer Protocol

Question 1(c)

Explain briefly Chat in computer terms.

Answer

Chat is online textual conversation wherein the message typed by the sender is instantly made available to the
recipient and vice versa.

Question 2(a)

What is a Web Site ?

Answer

A website is a group of related web pages hosted on a web server and are linked together and share a common
interface and design.

Question 2(b)

What do you understand by TELNET ?

Answer

Telnet is an Internet utility that lets us log onto remote computer systems. It has been used by people who have
logins on remote systems and want to do serious work there.
Question 2(c)

Give any two websites used as SEARCH ENGINES.

Answer

Two websites used as SEARCH ENGINES are:

1. www.google.com
2. www.bing.com

Question 2(d)

What do you understand by Video conference ?

Answer

A two-way videophone conversation among multiple participants by using computer networks to transmit audio
and video data, is called Video Conferencing.

Question 2(e)
 Identify web addresses and e-mail addresses from the following :

(i) www.kool.com

(ii) [email protected]

(iii) www.hotspider.co.in

(iv) [email protected]

Answer

Web addresses are :

1. www.kool.com
2. www.hotspider.co.in

Reason — Web addresses represent the addresses of websites.

E-mail addresses are :

1. [email protected]
2. [email protected]

Reason — e-mail address has a username (Raga100 and 123hotshot), @ symbol followed by the domain name of
the host server (rediffmail.com and elixir.co.in).

Question 3(a)

What is a Web server ?

Answer
A web server is a World Wide Web server that stores web documents and responds to the http requests made by
web browsers.

Question 3(b)

Mention any two uses of Internet.

Answer

Two uses of Internet are:

1. It can be used to send and receive e-mails.

2. It can be used to search information on any topic.

Question 3(c)

What do you understand by REMOTE LOGIN ?

Answer

Remote Login is a process in which a user can login on to a remote computer and use services that are available on
the remote computer.
Question 3(d)

Give any two websites used to send e-mail.

Answer

Two websites used to send e-mail are:

1. www.gmail.com
2. www.rediffmail.com

Question 3(e)

What do you understand by UPLOADING a file on Internet ?

Answer

Uploading a file on internet means to copy a file from the local computer to a server location.

Question 3(f)

What do you understand by CHAT ROOMS ?

Answer

Chat rooms are websites or a part of some online services that provide an online venue for communities of users
with a common interest to communicate in real time.

Question 3(g)

Identify web addresses and e-mail addresses from the following :

(i) www.scrapbook.com

(ii) [email protected]

(iii) www.countrywide.co.in

(iv) [email protected]

Answer

Web addresses are as follows:

1. www.scrapbook.com
2. www.countrywide.co.in

Reason — Web addresses represent the addresses of websites.

E-mail addresses are as follows:

1. [email protected]
2. [email protected]

Reason — e-mail address has a username (aba and 123), @ symbol followed by the domain name of the host
 server (scrapbook.com and hotshot.co.in).

Question 4(a)

Name two INTERNET service providers in India.

Answer

Two INTERNET service providers in India are:

1. BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.)

2. Bharti Airtel

Question 4(b)

What happens when you click on the Back command on the Web Browser ?

Answer

Back command causes the web browser to move back one page in the session history.

Question 4(c)

What is MODEM ?

Answer

A modulator-demodulator or modem is a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format into a
format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio and vice versa.

Question 4(d)

Give an example of email address and explain each part of it.

Answer

An example of e-mail address is [email protected].

An e-mail address has two parts separated by '@' symbol :

1. Username — On the left side of @ operator is the username. Here the username is 'aman123'. 2. Domain
name for the host server — The portion to the right of @ identifies the server or host or network that
services our e-mail. The domain name of the host server is 'gmail.com'.

Question 4(e)

What do you understand by the term Protocol ?

Answer

A protocol is a set of rules governing an operation or application. It is usually an agreed upon or standardized
method for transmitting data and/or establishing communications between different devices.

Question 4(f)
 Expand the terms :

(i) HTTP

(ii) FTP

Answer

(i) HTTP — Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

(ii) FTP — File Transfer Protocol

Question 5(a)

How one can move from one web page to another on a web site ?

Answer

One can move from one web page to another on a web site by clicking on hypertext or hyperlinks provided within
the webpage for navigation purposes.

Question 5(b)

Define Home Page. Give two advantages of Home Page.

Answer

The first page that appears when viewers go to a website is called the Homepage.

Two advantages of Homepage are:

1. It sets the look and feel of the website.

2. It directs viewers to the rest of the pages in the website.
Question 5(c)

What is HTTP ? Why it is required ?

Answer

HyperText Transfer Protocol is a set of rules for transferring hypertext — text, graphic, image, sound, video etc.,
on World Wide Web.

It is the primary access method used for interacting with Internet. The http is responsible for accessing hypertext
documents on world wide web.

Question 5(d)

Write the purpose of Search engines.

Answer

A search engine is a program that searches through a database of web pages for a particular information. We
provide keywords to a search engine. The search engine searches the given keywords on the web and provides
details.
Question 5(e)

What is the purpose of "Back" button on the web browser ?

Answer

The "Back" button causes the web browser to move back one page in the session history.

Question 5(f)

Distinguish between FTP and Remote Login.

Answer
FTP Remote Login

File Transfer Protocol is a commonly used

Remote Login is a process in which a user can login on
protocol for exchanging files over any network
to a remote computer and use services that are
that supports the TCP/IP protocol.
available on the remote computer.

Question 5(g)

Why uploading and downloading a file is required ? Explain with example.

Answer

When we need a file which is located on the server, we have to download the file that means a transmission of the
file from the server to the local computer. For example, when we make a reservation for a seat of the train, we
download the train ticket from the server to our computer and get a printout of the ticket.
Similarly, if we want to share some content (file, picture, video etc.) and we want it to be visible online, we have to
upload that content on the Internet i.e., a transmission of the file from our computer to the server. For example,
uploading a picture on our social media account.

Question 6(a)

What is an ISP ? Name any one ISP of India.

Answer

An ISP (Internet Service Provider) is an organisation that provides the facility of availing internet services against
a fee.

Bharti Airtel is an ISP of India.

Question 6(b)

What happens on clicking the Refresh / Reload command on the Web Browser ?
 Answer

Refresh command is used to ask the web browser to send the most updated version of the current web page.

Question 6(c)

Distinguish between a Web address and an e-mail address with example.

Answer
Web address e-mail address

A web address is the address of a webpage on the

An e-mail address is the address of a mail box of an
world wide web.
e-mail account holder.

A web address is written as type://address/path, username@hostname, where:

where :

username — is the net name of the user

type — specifies the the type of server or protocol,
@ — symbol of at the rate
address — is the address of the server
host name — is the server/host/network that
path — tells the location of file on the server. services the e-mail.
An e-mail address is written as

A web address never has an "@" symbol. An e-mail address always contains "@" symbol.
For example, [email protected],
[email protected], etc.
For example, www.google.co.in,
www.wikipedia.com etc.
Question 6(d)

Expand :

(i) HTML

(ii) HTTP

(iii) TCP/IP

(iv) URL

Answer

(i) HTML — HyperText Markup Language

(ii) HTTP — HyperText Transfer Protocol

 (iii) TCP/IP — Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

(iv) URL — Uniform Resource Locator

Question 6(e)

What is the need of uploading and downloading files ?

Answer

When we need a file which is located on the server, we have to download the file that means a transmission of the
file from the server to the local computer. For example, when we make a reservation for a seat of the train, we
download the train ticket from the server to our computer and get a printout of the ticket.

Similarly, if we want to share some content (file, picture, video etc.) and we want it to be visible online, we have to
upload that content on the Internet i.e., a transmission of the file from our computer to the server. For example,
uploading a picture on our social media account.

Question 7(a)

Why is e-mail so popular over conventional mail ?

Answer

e-mail is popular over conventional mail because:

1. It is cheaper.
2. An e-mail is faster.
3. It saves paper and reduces waste.
4. It is easy to use.
5. A record is maintained of all the e-mails sent and received.
6. It is flexible as the recepient can respond at his convenience.
7. It is available 24 hours a day 7 days a week.

Question 7(b)

Why do we use a Web Browser ?

Answer

We use a Web Browser to navigate the World Wide Web (WWW), view websites and interact with various online
content and services.

Question 7(c)

Give the full form of the following :

(i) URL

(ii) FTP

Answer

(i) URL — Uniform Resource Locator

 (ii) FTP — File Transfer Protocol

Question 7(d)

What do you mean by the term Telnet ?

Answer

Telnet is an Internet utility that lets us log onto remote computer systems. It has been used by people who have
logins on remote systems and want to do serious work there.

Question 7(e)

What is a Web Server ?

Answer

A web server is a World Wide Web server that stores web documents and responds to the http requests made by
web browsers.

Question 7(f)

What do you understand by uploading a file ? Name software used for it.

Answer

Uploading a file refers to the process of transferring the file from one's local computer to a net server.

SmartFTP and FireFTP can be used to upload a file on the server.

Question 7(g)

Define the following terms :

(i) Video Conferencing

(ii) Search Engine

Answer
(i) A two-way videophone conversation among multiple participants by using computer networks to transmit audio
and video data, is called Video Conferencing.

(ii) A search engine is a program that searches through a database of web pages for a particular information.