Chapter : 1 : Simple Stresses and Strains n #
(i) Young’s modulus:
It is the ratio between tensile stress
and tensile strain or compressive stress and
compressive strain. It is denoted by E. It is
the same as modulus of elasticity.
t c
or, E =
e e or e
t c
...(1.4)
(ii) Modulus of rigidity:
It is defined as the ratio of shear stress
(tau) to shear strain and is denoted by C,
N or G. It is also called shear modulus of
Heavy duty punching machine.
elasticity.
or, = C, N or G ...(1.5)
es
(iii)Bulk or volume modulus of elasticity:
It may be defined as the ratio of normal stress (on each face of a solid cube) to volumetric
strain and is denoted by the letter K.
n
or, = K ...(1.6)
ev
Example 1.1. A square steel rod 20 mm × 20 mm in section is to carry an axial load (com-
pressive) of 100 kN. Calculate the shortening in a length of 50 mm. E = 2.14 × 108 kN/m2.
Solution.
Area, A = 0.02 × 0.02 = 0.0004 m2
Length, l = 50 mm or 0.05 m
Load, P = 100 kN
E = 2.14 × 108 kN/m2
Shortening of the rod l:
P
Stress, =
A
100
= 250000 kN/m 2
0.0004
Stress
Also, E =
Strain
Stress 250000
or, Strain =
E 2.14 108
l 250000
or, =
l 2.14 108
250000 250000
l = 8
l 0.05
2.14 10 2.14 108
= 0.0000584 m or 0.0584 mm
Hence, the shortening of the rod = 0.0584 mm (Ans.)
Download more at Learnclax.com
