Quality Management 2

Satyabhama University
Department of Architecture
 TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION

 Quality Tools – Introduction

 Quality Classic Tools

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 PROJECT MANAGEMENT – LIFE CYCLE

History of Quality
Management Systems

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 Quality Tools- Introduction

 Quality tools are the charts, check sheets, diagrams, graphs, techniques,
and methods used to create an idea, engender planning, analyse the
cause, analyse the process, foster evaluation, and create a wide variety
of situations for continuous quality improvement.

 Applications of tools enhance chances of success, help maintain

consistency and accuracy, and improve efficiency and process
improvement.

 There are several types of tools, techniques, and methods that are used as
quality improvement tools and have a variety of applications in
manufacturing and the process industry

 However, not all of these tools are used in construction projects because
these projects are customized and non repetitive.

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 Quality Tools- Introduction
Some of the most commonly used quality management tools in the construction
industry are

1. Quality classic tools

2. Management and planning tools
3. Process analysis tools
4. Process improvement tools
5. Innovation and creative tools
6. Lean tools
7. Cost of quality
8. Quality function deployment
9. Six Sigma
10. TRIZ

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 Quality Classic Tools – 1. Cause & Effect Diagram
 A cause and effect diagram is also called an Ishikawa diagram, after its developer
Kaoru Ishikawa, or a fishbone diagram.
 It is used to identify possible causes and effects in processes. It is used to
explore all the potential or real causes that result in a single output.
 The causes are organized and displayed in a graphical manner to their level of
importance or details.
 The diagram is a graphical display of multiple causes with a particular effect.
 The effect or problem being investigated is shown at the end of the horizontal
arrow
 The causes are organized and arranged mainly into four categories.
1. Machine
2. Manpower
3. Material
4. Method

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 Quality Classic Tools – 1. Cause & Effect Diagram

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 Quality Classic Tools –2. Check sheets
 A check sheet is a structured list, prepared from the collected data to
indicate how often each item occurs.
 It is an organized way of collecting and structuring data.
 The purpose of a check sheet is to collect the facts in the most efficient
manner.
 Data is collected and ordered by adding check marks against predetermined
categories of items or measurements.

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 Quality Classic Tools –3. Control charts
 The control chart is the fundamental tool of statistical process control.
 It is a graph used to analyse how a process behaves over time and to show
whether it is stable or is being affected by a special cause of variation and
creating an out-of-control condition.
 It is used to determine whether the process is stable or varies between
predictable limits.
 With control charts, it is easy to see both special and common cause
variation in a process.

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 Quality Classic Tools –4. Flow Charts
 The flowchart is a pictorial tool that
is used for representing processes
in sequential order.
 A flowchart uses graphic symbols
to depict the nature and flow of
the steps in a process.
 It helps one see whether the steps
of the process are logical, uncover
problems or miscommunications,
define the boundaries of a
process, and develop a common
base of knowledge about a
process.
 The flow of steps is indicated with
arrows connecting the symbols.

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 Quality Classic Tools –5. Histograms
 The histogram is a pictorial representation of frequency distribution of data.
 It is created by grouping the data points into cells and displays how frequently
different values occur in the data set.

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 Quality Classic Tools –6. Pareto Chart
 The Pareto chart is a graph chart having a series of bars whose heights reflect
the frequency of occurrence.
 Pareto charts are used to display the Pareto principle in action, by arranging data
so that the few vital factors that cause most of the problems reveal
themselves.
 The bars are arranged in descending order of height from left to right.
 Pareto charts are used to identify those factors that have the greatest
cumulative effect on the system, and thus less significant factors can be
screened out from the process.
 The Pareto chart can be used at various stages in a quality improvement
program to determine which step to take next.

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 Quality Classic Tools –7. Pie Chart
 A pie chart is a circle divided into wedges to depict the proportions of data or
information in order to understand how they make up the whole.
 The entire pie chart represents all the data, while each slice or wedge represents
a different class or group within the whole.
 The portions of the entire circle or pie sum up to 100 percent.

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 Quality Classic Tools –8. Run Chart
 A run chart is a graph plotted
by showing measurement
(data) against time.
 Run charts are used to show
the trends or changes in a
process variation over time
over the average.
 A run chart is also used to
monitor process performance.
Run charts can be used to track
improvements that have been
put in place, checking to
determine their success.

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 Quality Classic Tools –9. Scatter diagram
 A scatter diagram is a plot of one variable versus another.
 It is used to investigate the possible relationship between two variables that both
relate to the same event.
 It helps to know how one variable changes with respect to the other.
 It can be used to identify potential root causes of problems and to evaluate cause
and effect relationships.

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 Quality Classic Tools –10. Stratification diagram
 Stratification is a graphical representation of data collected from different data.

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 THANK YOU

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