Plate Tectonics 4

Plate tectonics
By Joshita & Vibha

• How do volcanos and earthquakes
happen?
• What are volcanos?
Agenda • What happens when a volcano
erupts?
• What happens in an earthquake?
Presentation Title 2
How do volcanos and
earthquakes happen?
Pg. 32 & 33
• First of all , What is a volcano ? , A volcano is defined as an opening in the Earth's crust through which lava, ash, and gases erupt.
And What is a Earthquake ? , An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another.
• Volcanoes and Earthquakes often occur in the same places and are usually found in long narrow belts. In a simple words we can
say that, They are both caused by the heat and energy releasing from the Earth's core.
• Volcanoes : In mantle , a rock liquid called magma , which is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth's
surface , can move to the surface at some places.A heavy plug of stone explodes out of the chimney , red-hot magma shoots out
of the crater and turns into lava when it runs down slopes. Magma and lava both refer to molten rock from which igneous rocks
form. However, magma refers to molten rock below Earth's surface, and lava refers to molten rock at the surface.
• When this happening, the movement of the plates scraping together also makes the ground shake and sets of earthquakes .
• Earthquakes : When the stress on the edge overcomes the friction, there is an earthquake that releases energy in waves that travel
through the earth's crust and cause the shaking that we feel.
• The earth’s surface is made up of several plates that move about very slowly. Volcanoes and earthquakes are mostly likely to occur
in areas where the plates meet )
What are volcanos?
Pg. 34 & 35
• What exactly is a Volcano ?A Volcano is a vent that directly connects magma to the surface of the earth. It is
also described as a mountain or hill , typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava , rock
fragments , hot vapor and gas are being or have been released.
• Volcanoes may be Active , Dormant , Extinct.
• Active :If a volcano has erupted recently and is likely to erupt again, It is described as Active.
• There are over 700 active volcanoes around the world.Ex : Mount Etna is an active volcano because it has
erupted in1917 , 1983 , 1992 , 2002 , 2012 and as recently as 2013.
• Dormant :Volcanoes that have erupted in the past 2,000 years, but not recently, are said to be dormant or
sleeping. These may dangerous because as it is difficult to predict when they are going to erupt again.
• Extinct :Many Volcanoes are unlikely ever to erupt again. They are said to be extinct because they are dead
and their volcanoes erupted over 50 million years ago and have mostly been worn by erosion.
• Ex : The Edinburgh volcano in Scotland, and Snowdon in Wales, are examples of extinct volcanoes in Britain.
• The greatest volcanic explosion of modern times happened when the Indonesian island of Krakatoa erupted in 1883. The
noise from that so loud that it could be heard over 4700km( 3,000 miles ) away in Australia.
• Most volcanoes are cone-shaped but the steepness of their slopes can vary considerably. This steepness depends mainly
on the type of lava erupted from the vent.
-SOME DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOS-

• Ash Volcano : Volcanoes formed from ash usually steep-sided. They often have a large crater. ( E.g. Paricutin, Mexico )
• Lava Volcano : Thick, slow-flowing lava that hardens quickly forms steep-sided volcanoes. ( E.g. Cotopaxi, Ecuador )
• Lava Volcano : Runny, faster-flowing lava moves easily and spreads over a large area. It forms volcanoes with gently
sloping sides.( E.g. Mauna Loa, Hawaii )
What happens when a volcano
erupts?
Pg. 36 & 37
• When a volcano erupts it can cause serious problems. People are put in danger and
their surroundings can be severely damaged.
• Problems like this are called Natural hazards.Ex : Earthquakes , Floods , Drought and
Strong winds are some examples of Natural hazards.
• Why do Volcanic areas often have a lot of people living in them ?A lot of people
often live in volcanic areas. This is because ash and lava turn into rich fertile soil
which is good for farming.
• Link: https://www.indiatoday.in/visualstories/education/4-dev-46731-03-
07-2023
What happens in an
earthquake?
Pg. 38 & 39
• Earthquakes occur along fault lines, cracks in Earth's crust where tectonic plates meet.
• They occur where plates are subducting, spreading, slipping, or colliding.
• As the plates grind together, they get stuck and pressure builds up.
• Finally, the pressure between the plates is so great that they break loose.
• Depending on how much pressure has built up, the ground may tremble slightly or shake
forcefully.
• To sum it up, When the entangled rocks of 2 crust plates break open suddenly with a big jolt,
the earthquake occurs releasing a tremendous amount of energy. This sudden release of
tremendous amount of energy produces shock waves (or seismic waves) which make the earth
shake.
Thank you

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Plate tectonics

By Joshita & Vibha

-SOME DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOS-

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