FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLE

A frequency distribution represents the pattern of how frequently each value of a variable appears in a dataset. It shows the
number of occurrences for each possible value within the dataset.

Two types of Frequency Distribution Table

1. Frequency Distribution Table for Grouped Data
2. Frequency Distribution Table for Ungrouped Data

Student 1 = 11 Student 6 = 11 Student 11 = 23 Student 16 = 26

Student 2 = 13 Student 7 = 9 Student 12 = 11 Student 17 = 11
Student 3 = 20 Student 8 = 18 Student 13 = 23 Student 18 = 23
Student 4 = 22 Student 9 = 21 Student 14 = 29 Student 19 = 25
Student 5 = 23 Student 10 = 21 Student 15 = 30 Student 20 = 30

Ungrouped Grouped
Scores Tally Frequency Scores Tally Frequency
9 I 1 0-5 0 0
11 IV 4 6-10 I 1
13 I 1 11-15 V 5
18 I 1 16-20 II 2
20 I 1 21-25 VII 7
21 II 2 26-30 V 5
22 I 1
23 III 3
25 I 1
26 III 3
29 I 1
30 I 1

Example: Make the Frequency Distribution Table for the grouped data given as follows:
23, 27, 21, 14, 43, 37, 38, 41, 55, 11, 35, 15, 21, 24, 57, 35, 29, 10, 39, 42, 27, 17, 45, 52, 31, 36, 39, 38, 43, 46, 32, 37, 25

Class Interval Tally Frequency

10-20 V 5
21-30 VIII 8
31-40 XII 11
41-50 VI 6
51-60 III 3

Example: Make the Frequency Distribution Table for the ungrouped data given as follows:
10, 20, 15, 25, 30, 10, 15, 10, 25, 20, 15, 10, 30, 25

Value Tally Frequency

10 IV 4
15 III 3
20 II 2
25 III 3
30 II 2
 MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY
A measure of central tendency is a single value that represents the center point of a dataset. This value can also be referred to as
“the central location” of a dataset.

THREE COMMON MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY:

• The mean - The most commonly used measure of central tendency is the mean. To calculate the mean of a dataset,
you simply add up all the individual values and divide by the total number of values.

Example. The weights of 8 boys in kilograms: 45, 39, 53, 45, 43, 48, 50, 45. Find the mean weight for the given set
of data.
Mean = Sum of the weights/Number of boys
(45 + 39 + 53 + 45 + 43 + 48 + 50 + 45) 368
=
8 8
= 46
Thus, the mean weight of the group is 46 kilograms.

• The median - is the middle value in a dataset. You can find the median by arranging all the individual values in a
dataset from smallest to largest and finding the middle value.

Example: The weights of 8 boys in kilograms: 45, 39, 53, 45, 43, 48, 50, 45. Find the median.
Arranging the given data set in ascending order:
39, 43, 45, 45, 45, 48, 50, 53
45+45 90
=
2 2
= 45

• The mode - Mode is one of the measures of the central tendency, defined as the value which appears most often in the
given data, i.e. the observation with the highest frequency is called the mode of data.
Example: The weights of 8 boys in kilograms: 45, 39, 53, 45, 43, 48, 50, 45. Find the mode.
Since the mode is the most occurring observation in the given set.
Mode = 45

STANDARD DEVIATION AND VARIANCE

Standard Deviation - The Standard Deviation is a measure of how spread out numbers are. Its symbol is σ (the Greek letter
sigma)
Formula: it is the square root of the Variance.

Variance - The average of the squared differences from the Mean.

To calculate the variance follow these steps:
• Work out the Mean (the simple average of the numbers)
• Then for each number: subtract the Mean and square the result
• Then work out the average of those squared differences.
 Example: You and your friends have just measured the heights of your dogs (in millimeters): The heights (at the shoulders)
are: 600mm, 470mm, 170mm, 430mm and 300mm. Find out the Mean, the Variance, and the Standard Deviation.

x x-𝒙̅ (𝒙 − 𝒙̅)𝟐
600 600 – 394 = 206 42,436
470 470 – 394 = 76 5,776 600+470+170+430+300
𝑥̅ =
170 170 – 394 = -224 50,176 5
430 430 – 394 = 36 1,296 ̅ = 𝟑𝟗𝟒
𝒙
300 300 – 394 = -94 8,836

42436 + 5776 + 50176 + 1296 + 8836

𝜎2 =
5
𝝈𝟐 = 𝟐𝟏, 𝟕𝟎𝟒

Standard Deviation – square of a variance

𝜎 = √21,704
𝝈 = 𝟏𝟒𝟕. 𝟑

Example 2: Find the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the data given.

x x-𝒙
̅ ̅)𝟐
(𝒙 − 𝒙
2
3
5
7
8