Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

School of Information Technology and Engineering

Fundamentals of Networking (SITE-

2102)

Industrial Visit Report

AAU-5kilo Campus Data Center

Feben Getachew
UGR/4295/15
Section – 3

Submitted to: Mr. Daniel Abebe

Submission Date: May 24, 2024 G.C

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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During the visit, I had the privilege of observing the intricate systems, robust security
measures, and dedicated professionals who ensure the seamless operation of the data
center. From the humming servers to the meticulous cable management, every detail
underscored the importance of this facility in our interconnected society.I extend my
thanks to each member of the data center team who generously shared their
knowledge and patiently answered my questions. Your passion for maintaining
uptime, optimizing efficiency, and safeguarding data did not go
unnoticed.Furthermore, I appreciate our instructor’s guidance throughout the visit.
Their expertise and ability to contextualize complex concepts made the experience
even more enriching. Their commitment to fostering our understanding of data center
operations is commendable.

Introduction

One year ago, the AAIT Data Center emerged as a testament to innovation and
reliability, serving as the cornerstone of technological advancement for the institution.
With its state-of-the-art infrastructure and meticulous design, this facility stands as a
beacon of excellence in the realm of data management and IT operations. Comprising

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several key components meticulously crafted to optimize performance and efficiency,
the data center exemplifies a commitment to excellence in every aspect of its
operation.In the digital age, data centers have become the backbone of organizations,
supporting critical operations and enabling the seamless flow of information. AAIT
data center stands as a testament to the institution's commitment to excellence in
technological infrastructure. This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis
of the various aspects of the university's data center, including its architecture,
management techniques, networking infrastructure, access points, cooling system, and
best practices.

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Main components of AAU-5kilo campus data center

1.Facilities

1.1.1 Space

The AAU 5 Kilo data center, located on the ground floor of the NB building at the
Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, is strategically situated around the gate of the
building. This facility is designed to optimize the functionality and infrastructure
essential for supporting the institution's network and IT operations. The following
sections detail the specific spaces within the data center, including their sizes and
purposes.

1. IT Room

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The IT room occupies a significant portion of the data center, providing space for
housing critical IT infrastructure such as servers, networking equipment, and storage
devices. The room measures 54.81m^2

This area is designed with a raised floor, elevated by approximately 40 centimeters, to

facilitate efficient routing of wires and cables, ensuring a well-organized and
accessible cabling system.

2. Power House (PH)

The power house is the central hub for the data center's power infrastructure,
encompassing generators, electrical panels, UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
systems, and other auxiliary tools. The room measures 28.8 m^2

This area is critical for ensuring the continuous and reliable power supply necessary
for the operation of the data center.

3. Network Operations Center (NOC)

The Network Operations Center (NOC) is essential for administering, maintaining,

and monitoring the network infrastructure. The NOC room measures 14.4 m^2.This
room houses monitoring devices, consoles, and tools that facilitate efficient network
operations and ensure the health and performance of the network.

1.2 Power
Power is a critical component of any data center, providing the necessary energy to
support the continuous operation of servers, networking equipment, and other
essential infrastructure. Reliable power ensures the uninterrupted functionality and
optimal performance of data center systems. This report details the power
infrastructure of the Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (AAIT) campus data center,
highlighting its robust design and implementation.

Main Power Source

The primary source of electricity for the AAIT data center is provided by the
Ethiopian Electric Light and Power Authority (EELPA). This main supply ensures a
stable and consistent flow of electricity necessary for daily operations. The power
system is designed to handle multiple power suppliers, providing flexibility and
redundancy. If one power source becomes deficient, the system can seamlessly switch
to an alternative source to maintain continuous operations.

Power Regulation and Distribution

Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR)

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The Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is a crucial component that stabilizes the
incoming electrical power from EELPA. Its primary function is to adjust and regulate
the voltage to ensure it stays within the specified range required for the data center's
sensitive electronic equipment. By customizing the voltage, the AVR helps maintain a
steady and reliable power supply, reducing the risk of damage caused by overvoltage
or undervoltage conditions.

Main Distribution Board (MDB)

The Main Distribution Board (MDB) acts as the central hub for distributing electricity
throughout the data center. After the power is regulated by the AVR, the MDB
receives the stabilized power and efficiently distributes it to various components and
subsystems within the data center.

Circuit Breakers
Protect electrical circuits from overloads or short circuits by automatically
interrupting the flow of electricity when an issue is detected.
Switches
Manage the distribution of power, allowing control over which circuits are energized.
Safe Distribution Ensures that each part of the data center receives the appropriate
amount of power needed for its operation, safeguarding equipment and maintaining
operational continuity.

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Systems and Backup Power Flow

UPS Systems
The AAIT data center is equipped with two Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
systems to provide redundancy and ensure continuous operation. Each UPS system
(5000 series) is connected to two racks, ensuring balanced power distribution. Each
rack contains 16 batteries, making a total of 64 batteries, each with a voltage of 12
volts. These UPS systems are designed to take over instantly in the event of a power
interruption, ensuring that the data center continues to operate without any downtime.

Configuration and Components

UPS1: Connected to two racks.
UPS2: Connected to another two racks.
Batteries Each rack contains 16 batteries, providing the necessary power storage to
maintain operations during power outages.

Backup Power Sequence

The data center receives power from EELPA, which is regulated by the AVR and
distributed through the MDB. The UPS systems remain in standby mode,
continuously charging their batteries and monitoring the incoming power quality.
Upon a power interruption from EELPA, the data center’s primary response is to
switch to the main campus generator.

Main Generator: The main generator supplies power to the entire campus, including
the data center, ensuring continuous operation if the primary power source fails.

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 If the main generator fails to start promptly, a dedicated mini generator specifically
designed to provide backup power to the data center alone takes over. This mini
generator serves as an intermediate backup solution.

If both the main and mini generators fail to provide power, the UPS systems activate
immediately. The UPS systems detect the loss of external power within milliseconds
and switch to battery power without any interruption.

The UPS systems, with their total of 64 batteries, provide the necessary power to
maintain data center operations for a short duration. This allows time for either the
main generator or mini generator to come online or for power from EELPA to be
restored. The batteries are designed to maintain operations for a sufficient period to
prevent data loss and ensure continuous operation.

Additional Power Management Features

Access Control (AC)

The access control system is essential for maintaining the security and integrity of the
power infrastructure. It ensures that only authorized personnel can access critical
areas of the data center.

-Hardware Managed by Software:Provides robust control and monitoring of access to

sensitive areas.
- Security: Prevents unauthorized access, protecting the power system from potential
threats and disruptions.

Sensors

The data center is equipped with various sensors to monitor environmental conditions
such as temperature and humidity. These sensors provide real-time data that helps
maintain optimal operating conditions and prevent issues like overheating.

Emergency Lighting
Emergency lighting systems are installed to ensure that personnel can safely navigate
and continue their work even in the event of a UPS failure.

- Independent Power Source: Not connected to the UPS, ensuring functionality even if
the UPS fails.
- Safety: Provides illumination to maintain safety and operational efficiency during
power outages.

Conclusion
The AAIT Campus Data Center is equipped with a highly reliable and redundant
power infrastructure that ensures continuous operation of critical systems. The
multiple layers of power sources, including the national power grid, campus
generator, mini generator, and a robust battery system, prevent single points of failure

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and guarantee uninterrupted functionality. The integration of Automatic Voltage
Regulators, dual Power Distribution Units, and comprehensive access control further
enhances the resilience and reliability of the power supply. By implementing these
comprehensive power management strategies, the AAIT Campus Data Center
demonstrates a strong commitment to maintaining uninterrupted operations and
providing reliable services, even in the face of potential power-related disruptions.

`1.1.3 COOLING

Cooling systems in data centers are designed to dissipate the heat generated by
servers, storage devices, networking equipment, and other hardware components.
These systems typically consist of various components such as air conditioners,
chillers, fans, and airflow management mechanisms. The primary objective is to
maintain a stable temperature and humidity level throughout the facility, thus
safeguarding the integrity of the equipment and maximizing its operational efficiency.
The AAIT Data Center is equipped with a comprehensive cooling system to maintain
optimal temperatures for the efficient operation of the server racks and other
equipment. The cooling system includes a combination of air conditioning units, rack
fans, and hot aisle-cold aisle containment technology.

In the power house area, there are a total of 5 outdoor Media air conditioners and 2
indoor cassette type air conditioners installed to regulate the temperature. These air
conditioning units work in conjunction to ensure a consistent and cool environment
within the data center.

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Additionally, there are 14 rack fans strategically placed to provide airflow and prevent
overheating of the server racks. These fans help to circulate air efficiently throughout
the data center, maintaining a stable temperature for the equipment.

One of the key features of the cooling system is the hot aisle-cold aisle containment
technology. This system is designed to separate the hot and cold air streams within the
data center, directing cold air to the front of the server racks and expelling hot air
from the back. By isolating the hot and cold air streams, this technology helps to
optimize cooling efficiency and reduce energy consumption.

Furthermore, the data center also utilizes in-row cooling systems to provide targeted
cooling directly to the server racks. These systems are designed to supplement the
overall cooling infrastructure and ensure that each rack receives sufficient airflow to
prevent overheating.

Overall, the combination of air conditioning units, rack fans, hot aisle-cold aisle
containment, and in-row cooling systems in the AAIT Data Center works together to
create a reliable and efficient cooling environment for the critical equipment housed
within the facility. This sophisticated cooling system plays a crucial role in
maintaining the performance and reliability of the data center operations.

1.1.4 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM

At AAit Data Center, the safety of equipment and personnel is of paramount

importance, leading to the implementation of a sophisticated fire suppression system.
This system consists of two main components: the JB-QB-EIN70 Fire Alarm & Gas
Fire Extinguishing Control Unit and the HFC-227ea Fire Suppression Cylinder.

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The control unit, characterized by its model JB-QB-EIN70, functions as the central
hub of the system, detecting fire incidents through sensors like smoke detectors, heat
detectors, and flame detectors. Upon detection, it triggers alarms and manages the
release of the fire suppression gas, ensuring timely response to potential hazards.
Meanwhile, the HFC-227ea cylinder houses a clean agent fire suppressant, which is
discharged to extinguish fires without causing harm to electronic equipment.

This cylinder, equipped with a valve, pressure gauge, and discharge nozzle, operates
in tandem with the control unit to effectively suppress fires as soon as they are
detected. Integration of these components ensures seamless operation of the system,
from early detection and alarm activation to gas release and fire extinguishing. Post-
event procedures include continuous monitoring to prevent re-ignition and regular
maintenance checks to uphold system readiness. Through these measures, AAit Data
Center exemplifies a proactive approach to risk management, prioritizing the safety
and integrity of its infrastructure.

1.1.5 Security

Security Features of AAIT Data Center The AAIT data center employs a
comprehensive security system to safeguard its infrastructure, equipment, and data.
The security measures include surveillance cameras, biometric and card access
control, and emergency escape mechanisms.

Surveillance Cameras
Surveillance cameras are a critical component of the security infrastructure at AAIT
Data Center. These cameras are strategically positioned throughout key areas of the
facility, including the powerhouse, data center, monitoring room, and exterior
perimeters. Their primary function is to provide continuous monitoring and recording
of activities within these critical zones. By capturing real-time footage and storing

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recordings, surveillance cameras enable security personnel to detect and respond to
unauthorized access attempts, suspicious behavior, or security incidents promptly.
Additionally, surveillance footage serves as valuable evidence for investigations and
legal proceedings in the event of security breaches or incidents.
Access Control Systems
AAIT Data Center employs sophisticated access control systems to regulate entry into
sensitive areas and ensure that only authorized personnel can access critical
infrastructure and data. The access control measures include both biometric and card-
based authentication mechanisms. Biometric access control utilizes fingerprint
scanners installed on doors to verify the identity of individuals seeking entry. This
technology offers a high level of security by uniquely identifying authorized
personnel based on their biometric data, such as fingerprints, which are virtually
impossible to replicate. In addition to biometric authentication, access cards are used
as a secondary method of access control. Authorized personnel are issued access cards
encoded with unique credentials, allowing them to unlock doors electronically. This
dual-layered approach to access control enhances security while providing
convenience for authorized staff members.
Emergency Escape Methods
Ensuring the safety of personnel in the event of emergencies is paramount at AAIT
Data Center. The facility is equipped with robust emergency escape methods designed
to facilitate rapid evacuation and ensure the well-being of occupants during crisis
situations. Emergency escape routes are clearly marked and prominently displayed
throughout the facility, guiding individuals to designated exits. In addition to marked
escape routes, emergency doors are strategically positioned to provide quick access to
safe areas in the event of fire, natural disasters, or other emergencies. These doors are
equipped with panic hardware or emergency release mechanisms, allowing them to be
opened easily even under high-stress conditions. By prioritizing the implementation
of effective emergency escape methods, AAIT Data Center demonstrates its
commitment to personnel safety and emergency preparedness.
In conclusion, the combination of surveillance cameras, access control systems, and
emergency escape methods at AAIT Data Center forms a robust security framework
that safeguards the facility, its assets, and personnel. These measures not only deter
unauthorized access and mitigate security risks but also ensure compliance with
regulatory standards and industry best practices. By investing in state-of-the-art
security technologies and protocols, AAIT Data Center upholds its reputation as a
secure and reliable provider of data center services.

1.1.6 Management

Effective management of data centers requires a blend of cutting-edge technologies

and best practices to ensure optimal performance, security, and sustainability. AAit
Data Center employs a suite of advanced management systems, including Cisco
DNA, NetEco 5000-A, and PowerEco, to achieve these goals. This report examines
the functionalities and benefits of each system, highlighting their contributions to the
overall management strategy of the data center.

Cisco DNA (Digital Network Architecture)

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Cisco DNA is a pivotal platform used at AAit Data Center for comprehensive
network management and monitoring. This advanced architecture provides deep
insights into network performance, enabling the IT team to proactively manage and
optimize network operations. Cisco DNA automates network configuration, reducing
the manual workload and minimizing the risk of human error. Additionally, it
enhances security through constant monitoring and analysis, identifying potential
threats and anomalies in real-time. By integrating Cisco DNA into its management
practices, AAit Data Center ensures robust, secure, and efficient network operations,
supporting the seamless delivery of services.

NetEco 5000-A

Maintaining optimal environmental conditions is crucial for the longevity and

performance of data center equipment. The NetEco 5000-A precision air conditioning
system plays a critical role in achieving this at AAit Data Center. This system
meticulously controls temperature and humidity levels, ensuring that all equipment
operates within safe thermal parameters. By preventing overheating and maintaining
consistent environmental conditions, NetEco 5000-A enhances the reliability and
longevity of the hardware. This precision air conditioning system not only safeguards
the infrastructure but also contributes to energy efficiency by adjusting cooling based
on real-time needs, thereby reducing unnecessary power consumption.

PowerEco

Energy management is a key aspect of sustainable data center operations. The

PowerEco system at AAit Data Center is designed to optimize power usage and
improve energy efficiency. This system monitors energy consumption in real-time,
providing detailed insights into power usage patterns and identifying inefficiencies.
PowerEco suggests improvements to optimize energy consumption, contributing to
significant energy savings and reducing the overall carbon footprint of the data center.
By implementing PowerEco, AAit Data Center demonstrates its commitment to
sustainability and cost-effective operations, ensuring that energy resources are utilized
efficiently.

The integration of Cisco DNA, NetEco 5000-A, and PowerEco systems into AAit
Data Center's management practices exemplifies the facility's dedication to
operational excellence, security, and sustainability. Cisco DNA provides
comprehensive network management and enhanced security through automation and
real-time monitoring. NetEco 5000-A ensures optimal environmental conditions,
protecting equipment and improving energy efficiency. PowerEco optimizes power
usage, contributing to energy savings and a reduced carbon footprint. Collectively,
these advanced management systems enable AAit Data Center to maintain high
standards of performance, security, and environmental responsibility, positioning it as
a leader in modern data center management.

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 1.2.1 1.2 INFRUSTRUCTURESSERVERS

The Addis Ababa University (AAU) Data Center hosts a variety of servers that form
the backbone of its IT infrastructure. These servers support a wide range of academic
and administrative functions, ensuring efficient operations and user satisfaction. This
report provides a detailed overview of each type of server hosted at the AAU Data
Center, emphasizing their specific roles and contributions to the university's digital
ecosystem.

Server Infrastructure

Application Server
The application server at AAU Data Center manages and runs the software
applications used by the university. This server is crucial for handling enterprise
applications, including student information systems, learning management systems,
and administrative tools. By centralizing application management, the application
server ensures that these tools are accessible, reliable, and perform efficiently. It
simplifies maintenance and updates, providing a consistent environment for all
university applications.

Web Server
The data center hosts two web servers: one for the main university website
(www.aait.edu.et) and another for the student registration portal. These servers are
responsible for hosting and delivering web pages and web applications. They handle
HTTP requests from users, ensuring fast and reliable access to web content. The web
servers are essential for maintaining the university's online presence, supporting e-
learning platforms, and providing various online services to students, faculty, and
staff.

File Server
The file server at AAU Data Center provides centralized storage and management of
files. This server enables users to store, retrieve, and share files efficiently across the
network. It supports collaborative work by allowing multiple users to access and
modify files concurrently. Additionally, the file server offers data redundancy and
backup solutions, ensuring the integrity and availability of important documents and
academic resources.

Email Server
The email server manages and delivers email communications within the university. It
handles incoming and outgoing email traffic, ensuring secure and efficient message
delivery. The email server supports various email protocols (such as SMTP, IMAP,
and POP3) and integrates with directory services for user authentication. By providing
a reliable email service, the server facilitates essential communication among
students, faculty, and administrative staff, supporting academic and operational
activities.

DNS Server

The DNS (Domain Name System) server at AAU Data Center translates human-
readable domain names into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other on

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the network. This server ensures that users can access university websites and online
services without needing to remember complex IP addresses. The DNS server is
fundamental for network connectivity and accessibility, playing a vital role in the
smooth operation of internet-based services and applications.

Storage Server
The storage server provides scalable and secure data storage solutions for AAU's
digital assets. It supports a wide range of data types, including documents, multimedia
files, databases, and backups. The storage server ensures data redundancy and high
availability, making critical data always accessible even in the event of hardware
failures. By centralizing data storage, the server simplifies data management and
enhances data security and integrity.

Specialized Servers for Test Centers

AAU Data Center hosts specialized servers for managing exam-related services, such
as those provided by Pearson Vue. These servers handle the specific requirements of
test administration, including candidate registration, test delivery, and result
processing. They ensure a secure and reliable testing environment, supporting high-
stakes exams and certifications. These specialized servers are optimized for
performance and security to meet the stringent standards required for managing
sensitive exam data.

Dell Server with High-Speed Network Capabilities

The AAiT Campus Data Center houses a Dell server configured with high-speed
10GB SR SFP network capabilities. This server supports the extensive data
requirements of the university by ensuring rapid data transfer and minimal latency.
The advanced networking features make it well-suited to handle various demands
placed upon it by the university’s digital infrastructure. This server is pivotal in
maintaining the AAiT student database and powering the portal for the university’s
website. It provides robust performance and reliability, supporting a range of crucial
academic and administrative functions. Students rely on this server for accessing their
academic records, course materials, and other online resources essential for their
education.

Dell EMC PowerEdge R930 Rack Server

The AAiT Campus Data Center also features a Dell EMC PowerEdge R930 rack
server, designed for the most demanding enterprise applications with industry-leading
internal storage and memory scalability. Equipped with the latest Intel® Xeon® E7
v4 processors, this four-socket server offers up to 96 processing cores and supports up
to 12TB of DDR4 memory, optimizing performance for in-memory databases, OLTP,
OLAP, CRM, ERP, and Unix to Linux migrations. The server's configuration includes
10 PCIe 3.0 slots and up to 24 2.5" hot-plug SAS/SATA SSDs or HDDs, enhancing
I/O bandwidth and storage options. Managed by Dell's OpenManage portfolio, it
ensures streamlined server lifecycle management with features like the Dell Remote
Access Controller (iDRAC8) with Lifecycle Controller. The PowerEdge R930's
advanced capabilities, including cost-effective memory scaling, internal storage
optimization, and high availability with hot-plug components, make it an essential
component of the data center's infrastructure.

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The AAU Data Center's diverse range of servers, including application, web, file,
email, DNS, storage, and specialized test servers, supports the university's critical
academic and administrative functions. The integration of advanced servers like the
Dell server with high-speed network capabilities and the Dell EMC PowerEdge R930
rack server ensures robust performance, reliability, and scalability. By leveraging
these advanced technologies, AAU Data Center ensures reliable access to
applications, data, and communication tools, thereby enhancing the overall academic
and operational experience.

1.2.2 Storage

The AAIT Data Center boasts a robust storage infrastructure with a total capacity of
approximately 60 TB. This extensive storage capability is essential for managing the
diverse and expanding data needs of the institution. To ensure data redundancy and
disaster recovery, additional backup storage is available at the 6-Kilo Campus,
providing a secure location for copies of critical data. The storage systems in use are
designed for both security and efficiency, featuring advanced encryption, access
controls, and optimized performance to facilitate fast data retrieval and minimal
latency. These systems are scalable, allowing for seamless capacity expansion as data
requirements grow.

Moreover, comprehensive data management tools are integrated to organize, monitor,

and maintain data effectively. The strategic importance of this storage infrastructure
cannot be overstated, as it underpins vital functions such as research and
development, academic support, and operational continuity by ensuring that data is
securely stored, easily accessible, and protected against loss. The AAIT Data Center's
commitment to leveraging advanced storage technologies ensures that it remains at
the forefront of data management and security, meeting both current and future
demands.

1.2.3 Networking

Networking infrastructure at the AAIT Data Center comprises several essential

elements, each contributing to the efficiency, security, and reliability of data
transmission within the facility.

Core Switches

At the heart of the network are two core switches, which serve as the backbone
infrastructure. These high-capacity switches facilitate inter-VLAN routing and IP
distribution, ensuring seamless communication between different segments of the
network. By efficiently managing data traffic and optimizing routing paths, the core
switches play a vital role in enhancing overall network performance and reliability.

Firewalls

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Critical to network security are devices like the Fortinet FortiGate, which serve as
firewalls. These devices monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic
based on predetermined security rules. By actively managing traffic flow and
enforcing security policies, firewalls help protect against unauthorized access and
potential cyber threats, safeguarding the integrity of the network.

Access Switches
A distributed network of 65 Aruba access switches is strategically deployed
throughout the building. These switches serve as connection points for end-user
devices, providing the necessary interface for devices like computers and printers to
connect to the network. By distributing access switches across the facility, the data
center ensures comprehensive coverage and reliable connectivity for all networked
devices, optimizing access and usability for end-users.

Other Cybersecurity Elements

Complementing core networking components are various cybersecurity measures,

including intrusion detection systems, antivirus software, and encryption protocols.
These additional security tools and devices are dedicated to enhancing the security
and integrity of the network. By employing a multi-layered approach to cybersecurity,
the data center strengthens its defenses against cyber threats, ensuring the
confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data transmitted across the network.

In summary, the networking infrastructure of the AAIT Data Center is a robust and
multi-faceted system designed to support mission-critical operations while prioritizing
security and reliability. From core switches and firewalls to access switches and
additional cybersecurity elements, each component plays a vital role in ensuring the
smooth operation of the network and safeguarding against potential threats.

1.2.4 Cables and racks

Efficient space utilization and management are essential aspects of maintaining a

well-functioning data center. Proper organization of cables and server racks not only
enhances the aesthetic appeal but also plays a crucial role in ensuring optimal
performance and reliability. This report provides an overview of the cable and rack
management practices employed at the AAIT Data Center, highlighting their
importance in maintaining order, preventing overheating, and maximizing efficiency.
Cable Management
Cable management is a critical aspect of data center infrastructure, as it directly
impacts the overall organization and functionality of the facility. At the AAIT Data
Center, meticulous attention is paid to cable management to ensure that all cables are
neatly organized and properly routed. By keeping cables organized and free from
tangles, the risk of accidental disconnections and downtime is minimized. Moreover,
proper cable management prevents overheating and interference, which can degrade
network performance and compromise data integrity.

Server Racks

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Server racks are fundamental components of any data center, providing the
framework for organizing and housing servers, networking equipment, and other
hardware. At the AAIT Data Center, there are 8 racks dedicated to organizing servers
and networking equipment. These racks are strategically arranged to optimize space
utilization and facilitate easy access for maintenance and upgrades. Each rack is
equipped with cable management solutions, such as cable trays and vertical cable
managers, to ensure tidy and efficient cable routing.
Importance of Proper Management
The importance of proper rack and cable management cannot be overstated. Well-
organized racks and cables contribute to the overall efficiency and reliability of the
data center infrastructure. By minimizing clutter and maintaining order, airflow is
optimized, reducing the risk of overheating and prolonging the lifespan of equipment.
Additionally, organized cable routing simplifies troubleshooting and maintenance
tasks, saving time and minimizing downtime in the event of equipment failure or
upgrades.

1.2.5 Physical Network Design

The physical network design of the AAIT Data Center is meticulously structured to
optimize performance, efficiency, and manageability. The layout incorporates a hot
aisle-cold aisle containment system, segregating cold air intake and hot air exhaust
paths to enhance cooling efficiency and minimize the workload on cooling systems.
Additionally, organized cabling ensures that cables are neatly routed to minimize
clutter and optimize airflow, reducing the risk of interference and overheating.
Strategic equipment placement further enhances performance and manageability by
minimizing cable runs and optimizing network traffic flow. Overall, the physical
network design of the AAIT Data Center is integral to maintaining optimal operating
conditions and maximizing the reliability and availability of its networking
infrastructure, ensuring efficient data storage, processing, and communication.

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 1.2.6 Logical Network Design
The logical network design of the AAIT Data Center is meticulously crafted to
prioritize efficient data flow and robust security measures. VLANs are strategically
implemented to segment network traffic, allowing for better control, optimization, and
security of data transmission. Furthermore, the logical design incorporates robust IP
distribution mechanisms to ensure seamless communication between devices while
maintaining stringent security protocols. Network segmentation and addressing
schemes are carefully devised to facilitate efficient data exchange while safeguarding
against unauthorized access and potential cyber threats. Overall, the logical network
design of the AAIT Data Center plays a critical role in supporting the institution's
operations by enabling efficient data storage, processing, and communication while
ensuring the highest standards of security and reliability.

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 1.2.7 IP address both IPv4 and IPv6

The AAIT Data Center exclusively employs IPv4 addressing, ensuring streamlined
communication and robust security measures within its network infrastructure.
Operating within the 10.5.0.0/16 address space, the data center utilizes a Class C
network with subnetting capabilities, accommodating up to 200 devices per subnet.
This addressing scheme is meticulously organized to serve various purposes,
including departmental and building-level segregation, such as finance, registrar, and
IT departments.

It's noteworthy that the AAIT Data Center does not utilize IPv6 addresses,
exclusively relying on IPv4 for its networking requirements. By leveraging IPv4
addressing, the data center optimizes communication pathways while implementing
stringent security protocols to safeguard against unauthorized access and potential
cyber threats. This focused utilization of IPv4 addresses enhances both the efficiency
and security of data transmission within the AAIT Data Center, ensuring the
reliability and integrity of its operations.

1.2.8 Backup and Recovery system

Comprehensive backup and recovery systems are implemented within the AAIT Data
Center to ensure the integrity and availability of data. These systems are designed to
regularly back up data and restore it in the event of data loss or corruption.
Additionally, to further enhance data redundancy and disaster recovery capabilities,
the data center utilizes additional backup storage at the 6-Kilo Campus. This
supplementary storage facility serves as a secure location for storing copies of critical
data, providing an extra layer of protection against unforeseen events. Together, these
backup and recovery measures safeguard the data center's operations, ensuring
continuity and reliability in the face of potential challenges.

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 1.2.9 Management Platforms

The AAIT Data Center relies on a diverse array of management platforms and tools to
oversee its operations, monitor systems, and ensure optimal performance. These tools
serve as integral components in the data center's infrastructure, enabling efficient
tracking of performance metrics, timely detection of issues, and effective resource
management. By leveraging these platforms, the data center can uphold its
commitment to reliability, efficiency, and scalability.

The management platforms utilized within the AAIT Data Center provide
comprehensive insights into various aspects of its operations. From monitoring
network traffic and server health to tracking storage utilization and energy
consumption, these platforms offer real-time visibility into critical performance
metrics. This visibility enables data center operators to proactively identify potential
issues and take preemptive measures to address them, minimizing downtime and
optimizing resource allocation.

Moreover, the tools employed in the AAIT Data Center facilitate efficient resource
management and capacity planning. Through advanced analytics and predictive
modeling, these tools enable data center administrators to optimize resource
utilization, allocate capacity where it's needed most, and plan for future growth and
expansion. This proactive approach to resource management ensures that the data
center can adapt to evolving demands while maintaining optimal performance and
efficiency.

1.2.10 IT Personnel

The AAIT Data Center operates under the supervision of a dedicated team of 5 IT
personnel, each with distinct roles and responsibilities ensuring the smooth
functioning of the facility:

Network Admins
Tasked with maintaining and managing the intricate network infrastructure, these
professionals oversee the configuration, optimization, and troubleshooting of
networking devices and systems. Their responsibilities include monitoring network
performance, implementing security protocols, and ensuring seamless connectivity
across the data center.
System Admin
Responsible for the management and maintenance of servers and other computing
resources within the data center, the System Admin plays a critical role in ensuring
the reliability and performance of server systems. Their duties encompass server
configuration, software installation, performance monitoring, and troubleshooting to
guarantee optimal server functionality.

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Infrastructure Head
Serving as the overseer of the entire infrastructure, this individual holds a pivotal role
in coordinating and managing all aspects of the data center's operations.
Responsibilities include strategic planning, resource allocation, infrastructure
optimization, and adherence to industry standards and best practices to uphold the
data center's efficiency and reliability.

Data Center Facilitator

Responsible for ensuring the smooth day-to-day operations of the data center, the
Data Center Facilitator plays a crucial role in managing various administrative tasks,
coordinating communication between team members, and addressing operational
issues as they arise. Their role encompasses logistical support, coordination of
maintenance activities, and fostering a collaborative work environment to facilitate
efficient operations.

Together, this team of IT personnel at the AAIT Data Center works in synergy to
uphold the reliability, security, and efficiency of the facility's operations. By
leveraging their expertise and collaborative efforts, they ensure that the data center
remains a trusted hub for data storage, processing, and communication, meeting the
evolving needs of the institution and its stakeholders.Data center design and
infrastructure standards.
2. Data center design and infrastructure standards

2.1 Uptime Institute Tier Standard

The AAIT Data Center complies with the Uptime Institute Tier Standard to guarantee
the required levels of availability and redundancy. This standardized classification
system provides a framework for assessing and categorizing data center performance
and reliability. By adhering to these standards, the data center ensures that its
infrastructure is designed and operated to meet the highest levels of uptime and
resilience, minimizing the risk of service disruptions and downtime.2.2 ANSI/TIA
942-B
The data center conforms to the ANSI/TIA 942-B standard, which sets rigorous
standards for telecommunications infrastructure. This standard ensures that the data
center's design supports high levels of reliability and security for telecommunications
and information technology systems. Compliance with ANSI/TIA 942-B guarantees
that the data center's infrastructure is robust, resilient, and capable of meeting the
demanding requirements of modern telecommunications and IT operations.2.3 EN
50600 Series
The AAIT Data Center adheres to the EN 50600 Series, which specifies requirements
and recommendations for data center facilities and infrastructure. This comprehensive
standard covers various aspects, including power distribution, environmental control,
and security measures. Compliance with the EN 50600 Series ensures that the data
center's facilities are designed and operated in accordance with industry best practices,
optimizing performance, reliability, and security across all operational domains.2.4
ASHRAE
The data center follows guidelines provided by the American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) to optimize environmental
controls and energy efficiency. ASHRAE standards play a crucial role in designing

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and operating energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable data centers. By
adhering to ASHRAE guidelines, the AAIT Data Center ensures that its
environmental controls are optimized for performance, reliability, and energy
efficiency, contributing to both operational excellence and environmental
sustainability.
3. Physical Space and Data Center Organization
4. At AAU-AAIT campus data center, the physical space is thoughtfully
organized into three main rooms: the Server Room, Power House, and NOC Room.
This strategic layout is aimed at optimizing operational efficiency and enhancing
security measures. Spanning an overall area of 300.9 m², the data center's design
facilitates seamless workflow and accessibility while ensuring robust security
protocols are in place.Data Center Security Design and Configuration
The security design and configuration at AAU-AAIT campus data center prioritize
stringent measures to safeguard against potential threats. These
include:Implementation of 5 access-controlled doors to restrict entry solely to
authorized personnel.Utilization of 8 surveillance cameras for continuous
monitoring of the facility.Deployment of biometric authentication and keycards
to further restrict access.Integration of network firewalls to monitor and control
network traffic effectively.Utilization of email and web filtering mechanisms to
prevent the infiltration of malicious content.Implementation of end-to-end VPNs
for secure communications, particularly in exam centers.Additional cybersecurity
measures such as antivirus, anti-spyware, anti-spam, intrusion detection and
prevention, content filtering, leak prevention, and URL filtering. Notably, the
data center remains vigilant against social engineering threats, acknowledging
past incidents and actively addressing this security concern.5.AAU-AAIT
Campus Data Center Power Operation and Performance Summary
 The power operation and performance at AAU-AAIT campus data center are
characterized by a robust infrastructure aimed at ensuring uninterrupted service
delivery. Key components of the power infrastructure include:Primary power
sourced from the Ethiopian Electric Utility (EEU), ensuring reliable power
supply.Backup generators, with one dedicated to the campus and another solely
for the data center, providing redundancy in case of utility failures.Utilization of
two UPS systems equipped with 64 batteries in total, delivering 240 KVA power
capacity. These UPS systems, coupled with automatic voltage regulators (AVR)
and automatic transfer switches (ATS), ensure consistent voltage supply and
seamless power transition during outages, capable of sustaining operations for 8-
12 hours. This resilient power infrastructure underscores the data center's
commitment to operational continuity and service reliability.

6.AAU-5kilo campus Data center cooling systems current working

summery

The cooling systems at the AAU-5Kilo Campus Data Center are currently operational
and functioning effectively to maintain optimal temperature levels within the facility.
These systems are vital for regulating the temperature of server rooms and equipment,

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preventing overheating and ensuring the reliable operation of critical infrastructure.
The data center employs various cooling mechanisms, including air conditioning
units, ventilation systems, and possibly advanced cooling technologies like precision
air conditioning or liquid cooling systems. Regular maintenance and monitoring
protocols are in place to ensure the efficient performance of these cooling systems,
with dedicated personnel overseeing their operation. Overall, the cooling systems at
the AAU-5Kilo Campus Data Center play a crucial role in maintaining a conducive
environment for data center operations, contributing to the reliability and stability of
its services.

7.AAU-5kilo Campus Data center infrastructure management

software and tools

The management of the AAIT Data Center relies on several platforms to ensure
efficient operation and monitoring. Two key platforms utilized are Huawei Power
ECO and NetEco.

Huawei Power ECO is a critical component of the data center's infrastructure as it

provides essential power management solutions. This platform plays a crucial role in
ensuring the reliability and stability of servers and networking equipment. It achieves
this through real-time monitoring, load balancing, and energy optimization features.
By continuously monitoring the power consumption and performance of the
equipment, Power ECO can identify any anomalies or potential issues promptly. This
proactive approach helps to prevent power-related failures and ensures the smooth
operation of critical systems within the data center.

Additionally, the load balancing capabilities of Power ECO help distribute the power
evenly across the servers and networking equipment, optimizing their performance
and enhancing overall efficiency.
Another important platform utilized in the data center is NetEco, which specializes in
network management. NetEco offers a range of features and functionalities that
contribute to the efficient and secure operation of the data center's network
infrastructure.

One of its key capabilities is network topology discovery, which allows administrators
to gain a comprehensive understanding of the network layout and connections. This
information is crucial for effective network management and troubleshooting. NetEco
also provides performance monitoring tools that enable real-time monitoring of
network devices, bandwidth usage, and traffic patterns. By closely monitoring these
parameters, administrators can identify any performance bottlenecks or issues and
take appropriate actions to optimize network performance.

8.AAU-5kilo campus Data center best practices

The AAU-5Kilo Campus Data Center adheres to several best practices to ensure
efficient and reliable operations. These practices include:

 Regular maintenance of hardware and infrastructure to prevent downtime and

ensure optimal performance.

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 Implementation of stringent security measures to safeguard against unauthorized
access and cyber threats.
 Adherence to industry standards and regulations for data center design, operation,
and security.
 Continuous monitoring of environmental conditions such as temperature,
humidity, and airflow to maintain ideal conditions for equipment.
 Implementation of disaster recovery and backup solutions to mitigate risks and
ensure data integrity.
 Adoption of energy-efficient technologies and practices to minimize
environmental impact and reduce operational costs.
 Ongoing staff training and development to keep personnel updated on the latest
technologies and best practices in data center management.
9.AAU-6kilo campus Data center challenges

The AAIT data center is in need of additional security devices to bolster its overall
security. However, the management team is hesitant to allocate funds for these crucial
security measures due to a lack of awareness about the significance of data center
security. Furthermore, the data center is experiencing a shortage of skilled personnel,
which poses a considerable risk to its operations and security. Proficient professionals
are vital for efficiently overseeing and monitoring the data center's systems,
implementing security protocols, and promptly addressing any security incidents or
technical challenges.

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