EXERCISES APPLIED LINEAR ALGEBRA

FOR IT
 APPLIED LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR IT Phạm Kim Thủy M.A
EXERCISES

1. Convert the following matrices to echelon form:

1 2 −1 0 2 1 1 −1 1 3
   
 2 4 1 −3 −2   0 1 1 1 1 
A= ; B=
   
0 1 1 −2 −3 1 0 −2 1 6

   
1 −4 −7 −1 −19 2 −1 −5 −3 −5

2. Using Gaussian Elimination, find a row-echelon form of the following augmented matrix.

3. Using Gaussian - Jordan Elimination, find a row-echelon form of the above augmented
matrix.

4. Solve the following linear systems using the Gaussian method:

 
2x − y − z = 4

 3x2 − 6x3 + 6x4 + 4x5 = −5


(a)  3x + 4y − 2z = 11 (d)  3x1 − 7x2 + 8x3 − 5x4 + 8x5 = 9

3x − 2y + 4z = 11 
3x1 − 9x2 + 12x3 − 9x4 + 6x5 = 15

x1 + x2 + 2x3 + 3x4 = 1 
2x3 + 4x4 + 2x5 = 8


3x1 − x2 − x3 − 2x4 = −4

 

(b) (e) x1 + 2x2 + 4x3 + 5x4 + 3x5 = −9
2x1 + 3x2 − x3 − x4 = −6
−2x1 − 4x2 − 5x3 − 4x4 + 3x5 = 6

 


x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 − x4 = −4

 
x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 + 4x4 = 5

 
x+y−z =0
(c)  2x1 + x2 + 2x3 + 3x4 = 1 (f)  2x + 3y + z = 1

3x1 + 2x2 + x3 + 2x4 = 1 
3x + y − 9z = 2

x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 − x4 + 2x5 = 0


 x+y+z =0 

(g) i. 2x − y − z = 0 x − x2 − 2x3 + x4 =0


ii.  1
−x + 2y + 2z = 0



 x 1 + 2x 2 + 3x 3 + x 4 + 4x 5 = 0
2x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 + 2x5 = 0


5. Find x, y, z and t
    ! !
x 1 0 3 1 0 x 3 2x − 1 2x − 4 z 7
(c) =
(a)  0 y z  =  0
  
2 3 
 y 4 4y 1 t + 1 3y + 1
t 2 1 4 −5 1 ! !
x y x+3 2x − 1 −1 t
(d) =
   
0 x 1 0 4 1 z 4 4y x 5 + y −4
(b)

 3 y y = 3 1 y 
 

z 0 2 1 0 t

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 APPLIED LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR IT Phạm Kim Thủy M.A
6. Solve for x, y and z if
! ! !
x y 2x −y 14 4 − y
3 +2 =
y z 3y −4z 18 15

7. Solve for x, y, z and w if

! ! !
x 4 4x 2z 20 30
3 −5 =
4y w −3 −2w 5 −7

8. Find the inverse matrix, if it exits

   
1 2 −1 −3 1 2
A =  −3 −2 1 
; B =  2 −1 0 
 

2 1 1 2 1 −3

9. Calculate the determinants of the following matrices by using cofactor expansion

1 2 3 4 −2 3 4 −1
   
 −3 4 6 1   10 4 9 −2 
A=  B=
   
 5 3 9 2   −1 7 0 3 


3 −1 8 9 −3 −2 4 2
x 3 5 5 0 3 1 −1
   
 2x 4 9 3   2 4 m 3 
C=  D=
  
 3x 7 1 3   1 n 1 3 
 

4x −2 −5 −1 −x −2 2 −1
10. Calculate
 the determinants
 ofthe following matrices
    
4 3 −1 9 −3 2 1 2 m x y 3−x
A=  −2 5 7 
; B =  2 6 −1  C =  −m 1 1   2y x
D= 1 
 
 
6 3 8 3 4 5 2 4 −3 −x 5 1
11. Calculate the determinant of the following matrices using elementary row operations affect
determinants
1 2 3 4
 
   
1 3 1 −3 2 7  2 3 4 1 
A=  −2 3 5 ; B =  5 3 6 ; C = 
   
 3 4 1 2 

1 −2 2 −2 7 1
4 3 2 1
12. Solve the determinant of matrices
 
1 0 2 a x a b 0 c
 

2 0 b 0 0 y 0 0 d
   
(a) A =    
 
3 c 4 5 (c) C = 0 e z 0 f
   
   
d 0 0 0 
 g h k u l 


m 1 1 1
 0 0 0 0 v
 1 m 1 1 
(b) A = 
 
1 1 m 1

 
1 1 1 m

13. Find the inverse of the

 followingmatrices by using
 ADJ
−3 2 0 3 −2 1
A =  2 −4 5  ; B = −4 −2 1 
 
  
1 −1 −1 1 0 −4
14. Solve the following linear system by Cramer’s Rule

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 APPLIED
 LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR IT Phạm Kim Thủy M.A
− − 3x4 = −1


 2x 1 x 2 x 3 = 4 
 x 1 + x 2 + 2x 3 +
(a)  3x1 + 4x2 − 2x3 = 11 3x − x2 − x3 − 2x4 = −4


(b)  1

3x1 − 2x2 + 4x3 = 11 
 2x1 + 3x2 − x3 − x4 = −6
x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 − x4 = 4


15. Let make the vector x into a linear combination of ui :

(a) In R2 , x = (7; −3), u1 = (−6; 7), u2 = (3; 5)
(b) In R3 , x = (7, −12, 15), u1 = (2; −3, 0), u2 = (−1, 3, 2), u3 = (5, −1, 3)
(c) In R4 , x = (2, −1, 1, 2), u1 = (−2, 3, 1, 0), u2 = (−1, −1, 2, −3), u3 = (0, −1, −2, 0), u4 =
(0, −3, 2, 1)
16. Is S a linearly independent vectors set?
(a) S = {x = (1, 2), y = (1, −3)} for R2
(b) S = {u1 = (3, −6, 9), u2 = (−2, 4, 5), u3 = (3, 4, −2)} for R3
(c) S = {u1 = (1, 0, 0, 1), u2 = (0, 2, 1, 0), u3 = (1, −1, 2, 3)}, u4 = (2, 0, −3, 4) for R4
17. For R3 , let S = {u1 = (1, −7, 9), u2 = (4, −5, 1), u3 = (−9, 3, 5)}
(a) Prove that S is a basis for R3 ,
(b) Find the coordinate vector of v = (−2, 4, −7) relative to S.
18. For R3 , let S = {u1 = (1, 2, 1), u2 = (2, 9, 0), u3 = (3, 3, 4)}
(a) Prove that S is a basis for R3
(b) Find the coordinate vector of v = (5, −1, 9) relative to S.
(c) Find a vector w in R3 such that (w)S = (1, 3, 3)
19. For R4 , let S = {u1 (1, −3, 2, 5), u2 = (4, −5, 1, 0), u3 = (−1, 4, 2, 1), u4 = (3, 0, 2, 1)}
(a) Prove that S is a basis for R4
(b) Find the coordinate vector of v = (2, 1, 0, 1) relative to S.
Let S = {u1 = (1, −2, 3), u2 = (3, 4, 1), u3 = (4, 3, −5)} and T = {v1 = (4, −2, 5),v2 =
(3, −4, 0), v3 = (−6, 3, −2)} are both bases for R3 ,
(a) To find the transition matrix from S → T
 
1
(b) Let [v]T =  −3 . Find [v]S
 

7
(c) To find the transition matrix from T → S
 
−2
(d) Let [w]T =  −1 . Find [w]S
 

20. Let S = {u1 = (1, 3, 2), u2 = (4, 1, −9), u3 = (3, 4, −1)} and T = {v1 = (−2, 5, −2), v2 =
(−4, 8, 1), v3 = (3, −2, 1)} are both bases for R3 .
(a) To find the transition matrix from S to T
 
−3
(b) If v ∈ R3 is such that [v]S =  5 , find (v)T
 

8
(c) To find the transition matrix from T → S

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 APPLIED LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR IT  Phạm
Kim Thủy
 M.A
−4 3 9
21. Let S and T are both bases R3 . Let transition matrix PT →S =  3 −5 10 
 

3 10 −9

(a) Find (v)S , with (v)T = (−2, −2, −2)

(b) Find (v)T , with (v)S = (−5, 6, 7)
 
1 0 −1 1 4
22. Give matrix A =  0 1 4 2 1 . Find the row space and column space of A.
 

0 0 −2 0 1

1 2 3
 
 −3 2 1 
23. Give matrix B  . Find the row space and column space of B.
 
 2 −1 3 
3 2 1
24. Find a basis for the row space and column space of matrix

3 2 1 5 −1 0 2 1 0
   
 0 1 2 3   2 1 −1 2 2 
A= ;

B= 
1 3 2 4 1 1 1 3 2
  
   
5 −1 2 0 −2 −1 1 −1 −1

25. Let {u1 = (1, 2, 0, 4), u2 = (0, 1, 5, 0), u3 = (−1, 3, 2, −4), u4 = (2, 1, 0, 8), u5 = (3, 1, −1, 12)}
and V = span{u1 , u2 , u3 , u4 , u5 }. Find a basis for V .
26. Find the conditions for the existence of an inverse matrix. From there, find the inverse of
the following matrices:
   
m + 1 −m 3 4m 3 −4
(a) A =  3

−4m 2m 
 (c) C =  2 + 2m 1

−m  
1 −2 −m 1 −1 m − 2
   
−3m 2 4 −2 −2 m
(b) B =  1

−m 2 
 (d) D =  −2 m −2 


3 1−m 4 m −2 −2

27. Using elementary row operations, calculate the following matrix:

 
1 −1 2 1 2 3 4
 

(a) A =  −1 2 1  2 3 4 1
   
(d) D = 
 
2 −3 2 3 4 1 2

 

1 −2 1 −1
 4 1 2 3
 −1 4 −2 3  
1 2 3 4

(b) B =  
2 0 1 3 
 
  −2 1 4 3 
−2 6 0 5 (e) E =  
3 −4 −1 2
 
 

2 −1 0 3

4 3 −2 −1
 1 1 2 −1 
(c) C =  
−1 2 3 1 
 

0 1 2 1

28. Using the Gauss - Jordan method, find the inverse of the following matrices (if any)

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 APPLIED  LINEAR ALGEBRA
 FOR IT Phạm Kim Thủy M.A
2 1 −1 2 3 0 0
 

(a) A =  0 1 3  3 2 0 0 
  
(d) D =  
2 1 1  1 1 3 4 
 

1 3 2

2 −1 2 3
(b) B =  −1 0 1  1 −2 1 −1
   

2 2 3  −1 4 −2 3 
(e) E =  
2 0 1 3 
 
1 3 −2 4
  
 −2 0 1 3  −2 6 0 2
(c) C =  
2 −3 0 1
 
 
4 1 −2 3

29. Find the rank of matrices

 
1 2 −1 0 1 5 4 3 1
 

(a) A =  −1 2 4 2  2 −1 2 −1 0
  
(c) C = 
  
−3 −2 6 2 5 3 8 1 1

 
4 9 10 5 2
 
4 3 −5 2 3
1 2 3 −2 6 8 6 −7 4 2
   
 
 
 2 −1 2 −1 0  (d) D =  4 3 −8 2 7 
(b) B =    
5 3 8 1 1 4 3 1 2 −5
   
   
4 9 10 5 2 8 6 −1 4 6

30. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors the matrices:

     
0 −1 0 1 0 2 0 0 3
(a)  0 0 2  (f)  0 1 0  (j)  0 3 0 
    

1 1 1 2 0 1 3 0 0
!
3 −18  
(b) 
−1 4 −2
 1 1 1
2 −9
(k)  0 2 5 
 
  (g)  4 −1

2 
2 1 6

0 0 6 0 0 3
(c)  0 2 5 

  
0 0 2   1 0 1
  1 1 1  0 −2 0 
(l)  
2 3 4 (h)

0 2 0 
  0 0 3
(d)  3 0 2 
 
4 1 1
4 2 3 
2 0 0 0

   
−1 1 0 3 −1 1  −4 0 0 0 
(m) 
 
(e) 1 2 3  (i) −1 1 −1  3 1 2 0
  
     
0 1 −1 −1 −1 1 0 −3 0 6

31. In R3 , let S = {u1 = (−9, 7, 0), u2 = (1, −1, 3), u3 = (4, 2, m)}. Find m that S is a basis
of R3
32. Find the coordinates of the vector u = (3, −7, 8) relative to B = {u1 = (3, 4, 5), u2 =
(−4, 6, −2), u3 = (4, 5, −1)}
33. In R3 ,let S = {u1 = (−3, 2, 0), u2 = (1, −1, 3), u3 = (4, 2, −1)} and T = {u01 =
(7, 5, 3), u02 = (−2, −2, 1), u03 = (6, 5, 4)}.
(a) Roof S and T are the bases for R3
(b) Find the coordinate of the vector v = (−5, 2, 1) relative to S.
(c) Find the transition matrix from T to S

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 APPLIED LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR IT Phạm Kim Thủy M.A
(d) Use the transition matrix from T to S, find the coordinate of w relative to S, with
(w)T = (1, −3, −5)
34. In R4 , let S = {u1 = (−9, 7, 0, 1), u2 = (1, −1, 3, −3), u3 = (4, 2, −1, 0), u4 = (1, 1, 1, 1)}
and T = {v1 = (1, −1, 3, 1), v2 = (−2, 0, −2, 1), v3 = (3, 0, 3, 0), v4 = (−2, 3, 3, −2)}.
(a) Roof S and S 0 are the bases R4
(b) Find the coordinate of the vector v = (−5, 2, 1, 0) relative to S.
(c) Find the transition matrix from S 0 to S
(d) Let (w)T = (4, −1, 2), to find (w)S
2 −4 1 1
 
 1 −5 2 0 
35. Give the matrix A =  
1 3 0 1
 
 
1 2 −1 1
(a) Determine the row space and column space of A.
(b) Find a basis for the row space or column space of A.
(c) Find a basis for the nullspace and determine the nullity of A.
36. Determine the number of dimensions and a basis of the solution space of the system:
 
2x1 + x2 + 3x3 = 0

 


2x1 − 4x2 + x3 + x4 =0
(a)  x1 + 2x2 = 0 x1 − 5x2 + 2x3 =0





x 2 + x3 = 0 (e)  −2x2 − 2x3 − x4 =0
(
3x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 0
 

 x1 + 3x2 + x4 =0
(b) 
 x1 − 2x2 − x3 + x4 =0
5x1 − x2 + x3 − x4 = 0 
x+y+z =0

3x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 0
 


3x + 2y − z

=0

(c)  4x1 + 5x3 = 0




x1 − 3x2 + 4x3 = 0 (f) 2x − 4y + z =0
4x + 8y − 3z

 
 =0
x1 − 2x2 + x3 = 0


2x + y − 2z =0

 

(d) 2x1 − 6x2 + 2x3 = 0
3x1 − 9x2 + 3x3 = 0



37. Find the basis and dimension of the subspace of R3 generated by the following vectors:
(a) u1 = (1, −1, 2); u2 = (2, 1, 3); u3 = (−1, 5, 0)
(b) a = (2, 4, 1); b = (36, −2); c = (−1, 2, − 12 )
38. Find the basis and dimension of the subspace of R4 generated by the following vectors:
(a) u1 = (1, 1, −4, −3); u2 = (2, 0, 2, −2); u3 = (2, −1, 3, 2)
(b) a = (−1, 1, −2, 0); b = (3, 3, , 6, 0); c = (9, 0, 0, 3)
(c) x = (1, 1, 0, 0); y = (0, 0, 1, 1); z = (−2, 0, 2, 2); t = (0, −3, 0, 3)
(d) v1 = (1, 0, 1, −2); v2 = (0, 0, 1, 1); v3 = (2, 1, 5, −1); v4 = (1, −1, 1, 4)
39. Find the coordinate matrix and coordinate vector of w relative to S = {u1 ; u2 ; u3 , that
(a) w = (2, −3, 3); u1 = (2, 3, −1); u2 = (−4, 1, 2); u3 = (1, 2, 3)
(b) w = (5, −12, 3), u1 = (1, 2, 3), u2 = (−4, 5, 6); u3 = (7, −8, 9)
40. Give the basis for the space Euclide R3 , S = {u1 = (1, −2, 5), u2 = (3, −4, 1), u3 =
(1, 2, 1)}. Find the an orthogonal basis for the space Euclide R3
41. Give the basis for the space Euclide R4 , S = {u1 = (1, −1, 0, −1), u2 = (0, 0, 1, 1), u3 =
(1, 2, 1, −2), u4 = (1, 0, 0, −3)}. Find the an orthogonal basis for the space Euclide R4
42. Is A diagonalizable? Let diagonalize A (if any).

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 APPLIED LINEAR ! ALGEBRA FORIT  Phạm
 Kim Thủy
 M.A
1 -1 5 4 6 3 -2 0
(a) A =
1 3 (c) A =  4 5 6  (d) A =  -2 3 0 
 
 
  -4 -4 -5 0 0 5
4 2 -1 !
 -6 -4 3 
(b) A =  
−7 24
(e) A =
-6 -6 5 24 7
 
1 1 0
 −1 2 1 . The matrix A Can it be diagonalized? Let’s diagonalize A (if
43. Let A =  

1 0 1
any).
 
1 1 0
44. Let A =  1 1 0 . Find the orthogonal matrix P diagonalizes A, let P −1 AP and find
 

0 0 0
20
A
 
−4 0 −6
45. Let A =  2 1 2 . Find A10
 

3 0 5
 
−1 4 −2
 −3 4 0 . Find A100
46. Let A =  

−3 1 3
 
−2 0 −36
47. Let A =  0 −3 0 

. Find the matrix P is orthonormal diagonalization A and
−36 0 −23
find P −1 AP
48. Given T : R2 → R3 , is determined by
 
!! x − 3y
x
T = y−x 
 
y
−y
and S = {u1 = (−2, 3), u2 = (5, −1)} and S 0 = {v1 = (1, 2, 3), v2 = (−1, 3, 8), v3 =
(−4, 6, 3)} are the bases of R2 and R3 . Find the matrix of the transformation T with S,
S0
49. Let the transformations T : R3 → R3 , is determined by
   
x 2x − 3y
T  y  =  3y − z 
   

z x+y+z
and the bases R3 is S = {u1 = (−1, 2, 3), u2 = (−1, 3, 8), u3 = (−4, 6, 3)}. Find the matrix
of the transformation T relative S.
50. Let the transformation T : R4 → R3 , is determined by
x1
 
 
x1 − 2x2
 x2 
T  
=  x2 − 3x3 

x3
  
 
x3 + x4
x4
and B = {u1 = (1, 4, 1, 2), u2 = (3, 1, 2, 1), u3 = (−1, 1, 0, 1), u4 = (2, 3, 1, 0)}, B 0 = {v1 =
(1, 2, 3), v2 = (−1, 3, 2), v3 = (2, −1, −1)} are the bases R4 , R3 . Find the matrix of the
transformation T with B and B 0 .

8
 APPLIED LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR IT Phạm Kim Thủy M.A
3 −1 2
 
 2 −2 1 
51. Let A =   is the matrix of the transformation of T : R3 → R4 . The basis
 
 3 −4 −2 
5 2 1
0 0
B = {u1 = (2, 3, 3), u2 = (4, 4, −1), u3 = (2, 1, 4)} of R3 vàB 
= {u
1
= (4, 0, 0, 0), u02 =
−1
0 0 4
(−2, 3, 0, 0), u3 = (3, 2, 1, 0), u4 = (1, 2, 3, 4)} of R . Find T  0 
 

−2
 
2 −1 2
52. Let A =  −1 −2 1  is the matrix of the transformation of T : R3 → R3 . The bases
 

1 4 5
B = {u1 = (0, −2, 3), u2 = (4, 4, −1), u3 = (2, 1, 4)} of R3 Find T ((9, 7, 8))
 
2 −1 2 −1
53. Let A = 
 −1 −2 1 0   is the matrix of the transformation of T : R4 → R3 . The
1 4 5 4
bases u = {u1 = (1, 1, , 0, 1), u2 = (−1, 0, −2, 1), u3 = (−3, 1, 0, 0), u4
= (−1,2,

1, −2)}
−2
and V = {v1 = (0, −2, 3), v2 = (4, 4, −1), v3 = (2, 1, 4)} in R3 . Find T  1 
 

54. In, R4 and R3 Let S = {v1 = (1, 2, 3, 4), v2 = (−1, 1, −1, 0), v3 = (−2, 3, −4, 1), v4 =
0
(−1, 1, 3, 2)} and S

= {u1 = (2, 1, 1),u2 = (3, 5, 1), u3 = (2, 1, −3)} are the bases of R4
−2 0 2 1
and R . Let A =  1 1 −1 1  is the matrix of the transformation of T : R4 →
3  

3 2 1 −2
−1
 
 −1 
R3 . Find the image T   
 2 
 

−2