Table FxLimit.

Functional limitation in adults aged 18 and over, by selected characteristics: United States, selected years 2010–2019
Excel version (with more data years and standard errors when available): https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/contents2020-2021.htm#Table-FxLimit
[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population]

18 years and over 18–64 years 65 years and over

Characteristic 2010 2012 2018 2019 2010 2012 2018 2019 2010 2012 2018 2019

Level of difficulty Number (millions)

A lot of difficulty or cannot do at all . . . . . . . . . . . 18.8 18.0 24.8 22.7 10.8 10.7 13.8 12.5 8.0 7.3 11.0 10.2
Some difficulty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.6 69.9 81.0 80.3 46.8 52.8 58.3 55.5 14.7 17.1 22.7 24.7
No difficulty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130.4 140.5 137.1 147.9 117.9 124.0 120.8 129.6 12.4 16.5 16.4 17.9

Percent of population reporting a lot of difficulty or cannot do at all

Total, age adjusted1,2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.6 7.5 9.5 8.2 5.7 5.3 6.7 5.8 23.1 18.5 23.0 20.2
Total, crude2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 7.9 10.2 9.0 6.2 5.7 7.2 6.3 22.6 17.9 21.9 19.3

Sex
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 6.6 9.3 8.1 5.3 4.6 6.7 5.7 20.0 16.9 20.1 17.9
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 9.1 11.1 9.9 7.0 6.8 7.6 6.9 24.8 18.8 23.5 20.4

Race3
White only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 7.8 10.3 9.4 5.9 5.5 7.2 6.5 22.5 17.1 21.2 19.0
Black or African American only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 9.8 11.1 9.0 8.9 7.4 8.0 6.8 21.1 24.7 28.5 20.7
American Indian or Alaska Native only . . . . . . . . * * 12.5 13.3 * * 9.1 9.5 * * * 37.4
Asian only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *4.5 *4.3 6.7 3.5 * * 4.0 2.1 *21.8 *19.8 20.9 10.9
Native Hawaiian or
Other Pacific Islander only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * *
2 or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *7.0 *13.3 9.8 11.6 * *13.3 8.4 9.2 * * 19.9 28.3

Hispanic origin and race3

Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4 7.4 8.3 7.9 5.3 5.9 6.0 5.8 31.0 24.0 26.9 24.5
Not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.1 8.0 10.6 9.3 6.3 5.7 7.4 6.4 22.0 17.5 21.4 18.8
White only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.2 7.9 10.7 9.7 6.1 5.5 7.5 6.7 21.9 16.5 20.5 18.7
Black or African American only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.5 9.5 11.4 9.0 8.8 7.2 8.1 6.7 21.4 23.8 28.8 20.9

Percent of poverty level4

Below 100% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.6 14.7 19.1 18.4 13.3 11.5 15.1 14.8 33.7 39.6 39.4 35.5
100%–199% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.3 12.2 15.9 13.8 9.5 8.5 11.1 9.9 32.0 26.4 31.2 26.5
200%–399% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.7 7.2 10.5 8.5 4.8 4.7 7.2 5.5 18.2 16.0 21.7 19.1
400% or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 3.4 5.3 4.5 3.1 2.6 3.5 2.8 17.0 7.9 13.1 11.3

Location of residence5
Within MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.1 7.1 9.6 8.2 5.5 5.0 6.7 5.7 22.5 17.2 21.5 18.4
Outside MSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 11.9 14.3 13.9 10.2 9.4 10.9 10.4 23.1 20.9 24.1 23.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 1 of 4 Trend Tables Health, United States, 2020–2021

Table FxLimit. Functional limitation in adults aged 18 and over, by selected characteristics: United States, selected years 2010–2019—Con.
Excel version (with more data years and standard errors when available): https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/contents2020-2021.htm#Table-FxLimit
[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population]

18 years and over 18–64 years 65 years and over

Characteristic 2010 2012 2018 2019 2010 2012 2018 2019 2010 2012 2018 2019

Percent of population reporting some difficulty

Total, age adjusted1,2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.8 29.7 32.2 30.6 26.1 27.1 29.4 27.2 42.0 41.9 45.6 47.1
Total, crude2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.2 30.6 33.3 32.0 26.7 28.2 30.2 28.1 42.0 41.7 45.4 46.8

Sex
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.3 30.8 33.2 31.8 25.6 28.3 29.9 28.0 43.4 43.9 47.4 47.8
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.1 30.4 33.4 32.2 27.7 28.1 30.5 28.2 40.8 39.9 43.8 46.0

Race3
White only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.4 31.0 34.5 33.4 26.7 28.4 31.2 29.1 41.8 41.9 46.3 47.7
Black or African American only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.7 29.0 29.5 31.2 27.1 27.1 27.9 28.6 46.3 40.9 38.5 44.6
American Indian or Alaska Native only . . . . . . . . *27.4 *27.2 39.4 29.8 *27.6 *24.7 39.2 28.5 * * * 38.5
Asian only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.5 24.8 23.8 24.1 23.6 22.7 20.3 20.5 *32.4 39.2 42.5 42.4
Native Hawaiian or
Other Pacific Islander only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * 24.7 * * * 19.8 * * * *
2 or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.8 42.6 35.9 33.3 30.0 43.1 34.3 30.9 *55.2 * 47.0 49.7

Hispanic origin and race3

Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24.5 21.7 29.6 25.0 23.6 20.4 28.4 23.3 35.1 35.6 39.2 38.4
Not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.0 32.2 34.1 33.4 27.2 29.7 30.6 29.2 42.5 42.1 46.0 47.6
White only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.3 32.9 35.8 34.8 27.4 30.3 32.0 30.3 42.2 42.3 47.1 48.2
Black or African American only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.9 29.5 28.9 31.2 27.1 27.5 27.2 28.6 47.4 41.4 38.2 44.8

Percent of poverty level4

Below 100% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.6 31.4 33.6 35.1 27.3 31.4 32.3 33.0 39.2 31.9 39.9 44.5
100%–199% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.0 31.2 35.6 35.4 28.1 28.2 32.9 31.8 41.9 42.4 44.0 47.4
200%–399% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.2 30.7 35.5 32.3 27.8 27.6 32.1 27.8 44.0 42.2 47.3 48.3
400% or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.8 29.8 30.8 29.3 25.0 27.3 27.4 25.2 39.9 43.4 45.8 45.7

Location of residence5
Within MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29.0 29.2 32.7 31.2 26.5 26.7 29.7 27.5 42.5 41.1 45.1 46.0
Outside MSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.5 37.8 37.4 36.8 27.6 36.0 34.1 31.8 40.0 44.0 47.1 50.4

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 2 of 4 Trend Tables Health, United States, 2020–2021

Table FxLimit. Functional limitation in adults aged 18 and over, by selected characteristics: United States, selected years 2010–2019—Con.
Excel version (with more data years and standard errors when available): https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/contents2020-2021.htm#Table-FxLimit
[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population]

18 years and over 18–64 years 65 years and over

Characteristic 2010 2012 2018 2019 2010 2012 2018 2019 2010 2012 2018 2019

Percent of population reporting no difficulty

Total, age adjusted1,2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.6 62.8 58.3 61.2 68.2 67.6 63.9 67.1 35.0 39.7 31.4 32.7
Total, crude2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.9 61.5 56.4 58.9 67.2 66.1 62.6 65.6 35.4 40.4 32.7 33.9

Sex
Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.2 62.5 57.5 60.1 69.2 67.1 63.4 66.3 36.6 39.2 32.6 34.3
Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.7 60.6 55.5 57.9 65.2 65.2 61.9 64.8 34.4 41.3 32.8 33.6

Race3
White only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.7 61.3 55.2 57.1 67.4 66.1 61.6 64.5 35.6 41.0 32.5 33.3
Black or African American only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.8 61.2 59.4 59.8 64.0 65.5 64.1 64.6 32.6 34.4 33.0 34.7
American Indian or Alaska Native only . . . . . . . . 55.6 65.7 48.1 57.0 61.2 72.0 51.7 62.0 * * * 24.1
Asian only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.0 71.0 69.5 72.4 73.8 75.3 75.7 77.4 45.8 41.0 36.6 46.6
Native Hawaiian or
Other Pacific Islander only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * 65.9 * * * 72.2 * * * *
2 or more races . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.3 44.1 54.4 55.1 64.7 43.6 57.3 59.9 * *61.4 33.0 22.0

Hispanic origin and race3

Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.0 70.9 62.1 67.2 71.2 73.7 65.6 70.9 34.0 40.5 34.0 37.1
Not Hispanic or Latino . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.9 59.9 55.3 57.3 66.4 64.6 61.9 64.4 35.5 40.4 32.6 33.6
White only. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.5 59.2 53.5 55.5 66.5 64.1 60.4 63.0 35.8 41.1 32.4 33.0
Black or African American only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59.5 61.0 59.7 59.8 64.0 65.3 64.7 64.6 31.2 34.8 33.0 34.3

Percent of poverty level4

Below 100% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.8 53.9 47.3 46.5 59.4 57.2 52.6 52.2 27.1 28.5 20.7 20.0
100%–199% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.6 56.6 48.5 50.8 62.4 63.4 56.1 58.3 26.1 31.2 24.8 26.1
200%–399% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 62.1 54.0 59.2 67.4 67.7 60.7 66.7 37.8 41.8 30.9 32.6
400% or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68.5 66.7 63.8 66.2 72.0 70.1 69.1 71.9 43.1 48.8 41.1 43.0

Location of residence5
Within MSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.9 63.7 57.7 60.6 68.0 68.3 63.7 66.8 34.9 41.7 33.4 35.6
Outside MSA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.3 50.3 48.3 49.2 62.2 54.6 55.0 57.8 36.9 35.1 28.8 26.3

See footnotes at end of table.

Page 3 of 4 Trend Tables Health, United States, 2020–2021

Table FxLimit. Functional limitation in adults aged 18 and over, by selected characteristics: United States, selected years 2010–2019—Con.
Excel version (with more data years and standard errors when available): https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/contents2020-2021.htm#Table-FxLimit
[Data are based on household interviews of a sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population]

* Estimates are considered unreliable. Starting with 2016 data, the reliability of survey percentage estimates is assessed using new multistep National Center for Health Statistics data presentation standards for proportions. Before 2016 data, the reliability of estimates was evaluated
based on relative standard errors (RSEs). Data preceded by an asterisk have an RSE of 20%–30%. Data not shown have an RSE greater than 30%. For more information, see Sources and Definitions, Relative standard error (RSE); Statistical reliability of estimates.
1
Estimates are age adjusted to the year 2000 standard population using five age groups: 18–44 years, 45–54 years, 55–64 years, 65–74 years, and 75 years and over. Estimates for adults aged 18–64 are age adjusted to three groups: 18–44 years, 45–54 years, and 55–64 years. Estimates
for adults aged 65 and over are age adjusted to two groups: 65–74 years and 75 years and over. Age-adjusted estimates in this table may differ from other age-adjusted estimates based on the same data and presented elsewhere if different age groups are used in the adjustment
procedure. See Sources and Definitions, Age adjustment.
2
Includes all other races not shown separately and those with unknown sex.
3
The race groups White, Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and 2 or more races include people of Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin. People of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Starting with 1999 data, race-specific estimates are
tabulated according to the 1997 “Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity” and are not strictly comparable with estimates for earlier years. The five single- and multiple-race categories shown follow the 1997 standards. The race-specific
estimates are for people who reported only one racial group; the category 2 or more races includes people who reported more than one racial group. Starting with 2003 data, race responses of other race and unspecified multiple race are treated as missing, and then race is imputed if
these were the only race responses. Almost all people with a race response of other race are of Hispanic origin. See Sources and Definitions, Hispanic origin; Race.
4
Percent of poverty level is based on family income and family size and composition using U.S. Census Bureau poverty thresholds. Missing family income data are imputed for 1997 and beyond. See Sources and Definitions, Family income; Poverty.
5
MSA is metropolitan statistical area. Starting with 2016 data, MSA status is determined using 2010 census data and the 2010 standards for defining MSAs. For more information, including the definition applied before 2016, see Sources and Definitions, Metropolitan statistical area
(MSA).
NOTES: Functional limitation is defined by the reported level of difficulty in six domains of functioning: seeing (even if wearing glasses), hearing (even if wearing hearing aids), mobility (walking or climbing stairs), communication (understanding or being understood by others),
cognition (remembering or concentrating), and self-care (such as washing all over or dressing). Respondents with answers to one or more of the six questions are included in one of three mutually exclusive categories. Adults who respond “a lot of difficulty” or “cannot do at all/unable
to do” to at least one question are classified in the “a lot of difficulty or cannot do at all” category. Of the remaining respondents, adults who respond “some difficulty” to at least one question are classified in the “some difficulty” category, and adults who respond “no difficulty” to all
questions are classified in the “no difficulty” category. Adults who respond “don’t know” or “refused” to all six questions are excluded. During 2010–2019, 0%–8% of respondents were missing data and excluded. See Sources and Definitions, Functional limitation. In 2019, the National
Health Interview Survey (NHIS) questionnaire was redesigned and other changes were made to weighting and design methodology. Data for 2019 have not been fully evaluated for comparability with earlier years. For more information on the 2019 NHIS redesign and evaluation of the
redesign on selected indicators, see: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/2019_quest_redesign.htm. Standard errors and data for additional years are available in the Excel spreadsheet version of this table on the Health, United States website at: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/index.htm.
SOURCE: National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey. See Sources and Definitions, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

Page 4 of 4 Trend Tables Health, United States, 2020–2021