Trigonometry

3rd Year
Higher
Level
Revision
A. Gilleran

1
 Trigonometry
Trigonometry mainly appears on paper 2.
It appears on Paper 2.

1) Pythagoras

On page 16 of The Formulae and Tables Booklet you will see the following:

Note: Be careful with the letters a, b and c because the examiner often labels the triangles in your Junior Cert with these
letters, but they may have nothing to do with these letters in Pythagoras’ Theorem.

The way I like to remember this is:

(𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠)2 = (𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠)2 + (𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠)2

Note: The longest side is always the one across from the right angle. If you are looking for a shorter side--> square the
other two sides, subtract them and get the square root of your answer.

Question 1
Find the length of 𝒙𝒙.

x
3

2
 Question 2

Question 2
Find the length of 𝒚𝒚.

12

13

Note: Sometimes we are asked to write our answer in ‘surd form’. This means to leave your answer with the square
root sign.

Question 3
Find 𝒛𝒛, in surd form.

Question 4
𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 is an isosceles triangle with:
|𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂| = |𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃|, |𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂| = √𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 and |⦟𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂| = 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗°. Find |𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃|.

√72

c b

3
 Question 5

The lengths of the sides of a right-angled triangle are as shown in the diagram.

i)Using the theorem of Pythagoras, write an equation in 𝒙𝒙.

2x+2
x+1

x+2

ii) Solve this equation to find 𝒙𝒙 correct to 2 decimal places.

4
Note: Sometimes the examiner gives us a real life situation which requires the use of Pythagoras. You can also be asked
to list the assumptions you have made. Don’t let this confuse you. Think about the next example:

Question 6

A kite is held by a string 13m long. When blown in the wind it is 9m above the ground as shown in the diagram:

A B

How far is the point A from B, correct to the nearest metre?

List any assumptions you have made.

5
Question 7

Question 7

Show that Sutton is 14km further from Birmingham than Walsall is from Birmingham.

Walsall 26km Sutton

8km

Oldbury 6km Birmingham

7
 Question 8

Question 8

The height of a wooden goal post is 2.5m and the width is 7m James

wants to play a prank by nailing X-bars on the goal as shown:

What is the minimum total length of wood that James needs to make the prank a success, correct to the nearest metre?

8
2) Sin, Cos, Tan

On page 16 of The Formulae and Tables Booklet you will see the following:

However, as with Pythagoras, the letters a,b and c can be very confusing. Therefore, you must learn the rules a different
way, as follows:
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 =
ℎ𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 =
ℎ𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦
𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 =
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

The way to remember these formulae is:

SOH CAH TOA

or

Silly Old Harry, Caught A Huge , Trout Out Angling

To use these formulae, you clearly have to know how to label the sides of a triangle:

The hypotenuse is the side across from the right angle.

The opposite is the side across from the angle we are using.

The adjacent is the other side.

x
hyp

opp
or hyp
adj

x
adj

opp

9
 Note: You should always label your triangle sides. When labelling the sides we can use the names
ℎ𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦, 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜, 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎.

Note: In these questions you will often end up with something like 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 = √ 3, so to find 𝑥𝑥 you write
2
𝑥𝑥 = cos−1 ( √3). This Is called cos inverse. The way you get this on your calculator is by pressing:
2

Casio: 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖, 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

Sharp: 2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖, 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

If you’re using a Sharp, make sure to include the brackets after the 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐−1.

If you’re using a Casio, the brackets are automatically included.

You should get 30 as your answer .

Note: You need to make sure your calculator is in ‘degrees’ mode.

To check if your calculator is is degrees mode:

Casio: There should be a little ‘D’ at the top of the screen.

Sharp: There should be a little ‘DEG’ at the top of the screen.

If your calculator isn’t in degrees mode you can change it as follows:

Casio: 𝑆𝑆ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖, 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 3

Sharp: 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆, 0, 0
Note: if you have any problems with your calculator make sure to ask me. Your calculator is a sound chap, you just have
to know how to deal with him.
Question 1

Find the measure of the angle x.

10
 Question 2

In the triangle 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴, |𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵| = 1 and |𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴| = √3.

Find |∠𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵|.

Note: As well as using Sin, Cos & Tan to find angles, we can use them to find sides:

Question 3

Find x, correct to three decimal places.

Question 4
Calculate the measure of the angle 𝑩𝑩, correct to the nearest degree

9
B

40
41

11
 Question 5
Find 𝒙𝒙, correct to one decimal place.
Note: Be careful with your algebra at the end of this question!!!

17

30˚

Question 6
An architect’s view of Leinster Rugby’s proposed new North Stand at The RDS is given below:
The architect has informed the engineer of the following specifications:
|AB|=5m
|AC|=15m
|⦟DAB|=40˚
Find (i) |AD| correct to two decimal places
(ii) |DC| correct to two decimal places

12
3) Minutes
You must be able to change angles from decimals to ‘minutes’. For

example: Change 37.36° to the nearest minute.

Casio: To change from decimals to minutes, type in the number with the decimal, then press
the button with all the commas (2 buttons above number 8), then press equals.

Sharp: To change from decimals to minutes type in the number with the decimal, then press 2nd
function, then DMS.

You should get 37°21′36"

Now the 37 is the degrees, the 21 is the minutes and the 36 is called seconds. If your value for seconds is 30 or
greater you round up. If it is less than 30 you round down. Just like time
Therefore we will round up:
= 37°22

Question 3
Change 50.27° to the nearest minute.

Question 2
Change 50.38° to the nearest minute.

Sometimes an angle will be given to you in degrees and minutes so you have to be careful when putting this into your
calculator.

For example: Find correct to 4 decimal places.

Casio Calculator: Press sin 31°26′, then 31, then the comma button, then 26, then the comma button
again, then equals.
Sharp Calculator: Press Sin, then 31, then the DMS button, then 26, then the DMS button again.

You should get 0.5215061194 (depending on your calculator you may even get more decimal places).

We are asked to round off to 4 decimal places so our answer is 0.5215

Question 3
Evaluate 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑°𝟕𝟕′ to four decimal places.

13
4) Angles of elevation/depression
There are two other points we must know to help us with ‘real world’ scenarios:

i) Angle of elevation:
This is the angle your line of vision makes with the horizontal when looking up:

Angle of elevation

Horizontal

ii) Angle of depression:

This is the angle your line of vision makes with the horizontal when looking down:

Horizontal

Angle of depression

14
 Question 4.

Question 1

A boat is anchored off the coast near100m high cliffs in Co. Kerry. The angle of elevation from the boat to the cliff top is
15˚. The next day the boat moves further towards land and anchors again. This time the angle of elevation is 38˚. How
far did the boat move?

Give your answer correct to the nearest metre and make assumptions as necessary, stating them clearly.

15
 Question 4.

Question 2
A boat sails due east from the base, 𝑨𝑨, of a 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 high lighthouse, [𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨]. At the point 𝑩𝑩 the angle of depression of the boat
from the top of the lighthouse is 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔°. Ten seconds later the boat is at the point 𝑪𝑪 and the angle of depression is now 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑°.

i) Find |𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩|, the distance the boat has travelled in this time.
ii) Calculate the average speed at which the boat is sailing between 𝑩𝑩 and 𝑪𝑪. Give your answer in metres per
second, correct to one decimal place.

30m

A B C

16
 Question 4.

Question 3

The beach at Brittas Bay slopes downwards at a constant angle of 12˚ to the horizontal. How far out into the sea can a
man walk before the water covers his head? Make assumptions as necessary.

17
Note: If you’re asked to “explain your answer”, simply explain it with maths.

For example, in the question below the answer is Yes or No. When they ask you to explain your choice, Explain using
methods like Pythagoras, sin, cos, tan etc.

Question 4

The city council decides to construct a ramp for the local skate park. Before they start construction, they ask some
skaters for their advice:

“We want a ramp that is 3 meters high at the top, but we don’t want the angle of elevation to be more than 20˚.”

The city council comes up with a design. The design has the ratio of max height to ramp length of 3:8.

Does this designs fit in with the skaters requests? Explain your answer.

18
Question 5
A builder called Mark wants to build a canopy roof. Since he is worried about the chance of collapse due to the weight of
snow, he asks the advice of a friend in Canada who is in the building trade. His Canadian friend says that it is best to
build a roof with a pitch greater than 40˚ so that the snow will not accumulate. Mark’s design for the roof is illustrated
below:

3.5m

8m

Has Mark followed the advice of his friend?

Explain your answer.

19
5) From one to another

We can be given what 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺, 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 or 𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 is equal to and then from this be asked to find another one.

There are 5 steps:

1) Sketch a right angled triangle.

2) Label the angles given.
3) Label the two sides given.
4) Find the missing side using Pythagoras.
5) Fill out the answer.
Question 1

If 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = √7, find the value of 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.

4

20
Question 2

Given that 𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 𝑨𝑨 = 𝟒𝟒, write 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 in the form 𝟏𝟏 , 𝒙𝒙 ∈ 𝑵𝑵

√𝒙𝒙

Question 3
Given that 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 = 𝟏𝟏, write 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 in the form 𝟒𝟒√𝒂𝒂 , 𝒂𝒂, 𝒃𝒃 ∈ 𝑵𝑵
𝟕𝟕 𝒃𝒃

21
Question 4
Use the information given in the diagram to find 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 and 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪. Give your answer in surd form.

A
2

22
 6) Evaluating trigonometric functions

This section sounds complicated but these types of questions are actually embarrassingly easy. You simply use page 13
of the Formulae and Tables booklet, or your calculator.

Note: If given 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝟐𝟐𝜽𝜽, we rewrite this as (𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺)𝟐𝟐. The same rule applies for 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 and 𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻. If using your calculator, you
must put in the brackets!

Question 1

Evaluate: 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝟐𝟐 30˚ + 𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝟐𝟐 45˚.

Question 2
Evaluate: 1 − 2𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇245°.

Question 3
Verify that:
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇60°𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇30° + 1
=4
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶245°

23
7) Past and probable exam questions
Question 1

24
Question

25
Question

26
Question

27
Question

28
Question

29
Question

30
31
Question 8

32
([) Find !Loo4

33
Question

34
Question 35

35
Question 36

36
Question 37

37
Question 38

38
 Question 39
(Note: this question contains a mixture of topics)

39
Question 40

40
Question 41

41
 Question 42

(Note: This question contains a mixture of topics)

(,c)

42
43
44
8) Solutions to Trigonometry

Question 1.1

x2 = 42 + 32
x2 = 16 + 9
x2 = 25
x=5

Question 1.2
132 = 122 + y2
169 = 144 + y2
169 - 144 = y2
25 = y2
⟹y=5

Question 1.3
72 = 42 + z2
49 = 16 + z2
49 – 16 = z2
33 = z2
⟹ z = √33

Question 1.4
(√72 )2 = |ac|2 + |bc|2
72 = 2𝑥𝑥2 (Remember: |ac| = |bc|)
72
2
= x2
36 = x2
√36 = x = 6

Question 1.5
(2x+2)2 = (x+2)2 + (x+2)2
1) (2x+2)(2x+2) = 4x2 + 4x + 4x + 4 = 4x2 + 8x + 4
2) (x+1)(x+1) = x2 + 2x + 1
3) (x+2)(x+2) = x2 + 4x + 4

∴ 4x2 + 8x + 4 = x2 + 2x + 1 + x2 + 4x + 4
4x2 + 8x + 4 = 2x2 + 6x + 5
2x2 + 2x -1
a = 2, b = 2, c = -1

−𝑏𝑏±√𝑏𝑏2−4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 −2±√22−4(2)(−1)
=
2𝑎𝑎 2(2)
−2±√22−4(2)(−1)
=
2(2)
−2±√4+8 −2±√12
= =
4 4
−2+√12 −2±√12
x= or x=
4 4
x = 0.37 or x= -1.37

45
Question 46
Assume that the kite (length of string) is at its longest which is 13 m.
132 = 92 + |AB|2
169 = 81 + |AB|2
88 = |AB|2
|AB| = √88
|AB=9m|

Question 1.7

Find distance from Walsall to Birmingham

hyp2 = 82 + 62 ⟹ hyp2 = 64 + 36 ⟹ hyp2 = 100 ⟹ hyp = 10

Now find distance from Sutton to Birmingham

262 = 102 + x2
676 = 100 + x2
676 – 100 = x2
x2 = 576
x = √576 = 24
Sutton is 14km further from Birmingham than Walsall is from Birmingham.

Question 1.8

hyp2 = 72 + 2.52
hyp2 = 49 + 6.25
hyp2 = 55.25
hyp = √55.25
hyp = 7.433
We need two planks so we need to multiply 7.433 by 2 = 14.866.
The minimum length, correct to the nearest metre, is 15m.

Question 2.1
x = sin-1(21) = 30o

46
 Question 47
|∠𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵| = tan-1 ( 1 ) = 30o
√3

Question 2.3
cos 45o = 𝑥𝑥
40
40 cos 45o = x
x = 28.284

Question 2.4
B = tan-1(40
9
) = 77o

Question 2.5
tan 30o = 17
𝑥𝑥
17
x= = 29.4
tan 30

Question 2.6
(i) Find |AD|
Cos 40o = 5𝑥𝑥
5
x= = 6.53m
cos 40
(ii) Find |DC|
First get |DB|:
6.532 = 52 + x2
42.6409 = 25 + x2
17.6409 = x2
x = 4.2m

|DC|2 = 102 + 4.22

|DC|2 = 117.6409
|DC| = √117.6409
|DC| = 10.85

47
Question 48

50.27° to the nearest minute

= 50° 16’

Question 3.2
50.38° to the nearest minute
= 50° 23’

Question 3.3
Sin 35° 7’ = 0.5752

Question 4.1

Tan 15° = 100

𝑥𝑥
Tan 35° = 100
𝑦𝑦
100 100
x= y=
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 15° 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 35°
x = 373.21m y = 128m
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦
= 373.21 − 128
= 245𝑚𝑚

Question 4.2
(i)

Tan 68° = 30
|𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴|
30
⇒ |AB| =
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 68°

= 12.121m

Tan 33° = 30
|𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴|
30
⇒ |AC| =
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 33°

= 46.196m

∴ BC = AC – AB = 34.075 m

(ii)
34.075𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = = 3.41 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
10 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠

48
Question 49

If the man is Carl, assume his height to be 1.5 m.

x is the distance Carl needs to walk out.
Tan 12° = 1.5
𝑥𝑥
1.5
⇒x= = 7.1m
Tan 12°

Question 4.4
Ramp height =3m

θ = Sin-1(38) = 22°

No, as 22° > 20°

Question 4.5

θ = Tan-1(3.5
4
) = 41.2°

He has followed the advice, as 41.2° > 40°

49
Question 50
√7
sin x =
4
42 = (√7)2 + adj2
16 = 7 + adj2
9 = adj2
adj = 3

⇒ Cos x = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 3
ℎ𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 4

Question 5.2
x2 = 42 + 12
x2 = 17
x = √17

⇒ Cos A = 1
√17

Question 5.3
72 = 12 + opp2
49 = 1 + opp2
opp2 = 48
opp = √48 = 4√3
4√3
Sin x =
7

50
Question 5.4
x2 = 72 + 22
x2 = 49 + 4
x2 = 53
x = √53
Sin A = 7
√53
Cos A = 2
√53

Question 6.1
Sin2 30° + Tan2 45° = 14 + 1
= 11
4

Question 6.2
1 – 2 Tan2 45° = 1 – 2
= –1

Question 6.3
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 60° 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 30°+1
Verify that =4
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶2 45°

1
√3 ( )+1 2
√3
1 = 1 =4
2 2

51
Solutions to past and probable exam questions
Question 1
(a)
|𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴|
Sin 60° =
10
10(Sin 60°) = |AB|
|AB| = 8.66 cm

(b)
(i)
|𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜|
Tan 65° =
10
10 Tan 65° = |op|
|op| = 21.4 cm

(ii)
|∠ mon| = |∠ mop| + |∠ pon|
|∠ mop| = 25°
|∠ pon| = Cos-1(21.4
30
) = 44.49°
44.49° + 25° = 69.5°

Question 2
(i)
Sin 30° = 2𝑥𝑥
2
⇒ x = Sin 30°
x=4

(ii)
Use Pythagoras:
42 = 22 + adj2
16 = 4 + adj2
12 = adj2
adj = √12 = 2√3 = 3.464m

3.464 ×2 = y
y = 6.93m

52
Question 3

(i)
|ac|2 = 92 + 122
|ac|2 = 81 + 144
|ac| = √225 = 15

(ii)
Tan 36.87° = 15|𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐|
15
⇒ |cd| = = 20𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Tan 36.87°

(iii)
Find |ad|
|ad|2 = 152 + 202
|ad|2 = 225 + 400
|ad|2 = √625
|ad| = 25km

Total length = 25 + 20 + 12 + 9 = 66km

Question 4
(i)
Tan-1 (1.63 ) = 28°
(ii)
Tan 28° = (13
𝑥𝑥 )

13(Tan 28°) = x
x = 6.9m

Question 5
(a)
Sin 25° = 0.423, Cos 25° = 0.906, Tan 25° = 0.466
Sin 50° = 0.766, Cos 50° = 0.643, Tan 50° = 1.192

(b)
(i)
No. While Sin and Cos are always less than 1, tan is only less than 1 for angles less than 45°. (At 45°, opp = adj ⇒ Tan
45° = 1, Tan 50° = 1.192)

(ii)
No. Trigonometric functions are not linear.
E.g. 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 40° = 1.8 ≠ 2
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 20°

(iii)
No. Cos reduces with increasing angle (for θ < 180°)
Cos 40° = 0.766, Cos 20 = 0.940
∴ Cos 40° < Cos 20°

53
Question 6

(a)
Tan 60° = ℎ𝑥𝑥 ⇒ √3 x = h
(b)
√3 x
Tan 30° =
24−𝑥𝑥
1 √3 x
=
√3 24 − 𝑥𝑥
24 – x = 3x
24 = 4x
x=6

h = √3(6) = 10.39m

Question 7
(a)
Angle of elevation = 65°
(b)
Tan 65° = 10
ℎ

h = 10(Tan 65°) = 21.45m

(c)
Total height of tree = 21.45m + 1.75m = 23.2m

(d)
He may not be as tall as Sean

Question 8
(a) (i)

24

(ii)

Tan A = 24
7

(b) (i)
Cos 60° = 1
2
(ii)
|pr| : Cos 60° = |𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝|
12
⇒ 12(12) = |pr| = 6

(c) (i)
|∠ bac| = 41° - alternate angles
(ii)
Tan 41° = |𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏|
35

35
⇒ |ba| = = 40.26
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 41°

Ans. = 40m

54
Question 9
(a)
Sin-1 (0.5045) = 30.2982°

(b)
Cos 50°48’ = |𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟|
20
20(Cos 50°48’) = |rq|
|rq| = 12.6m

(c)

Tan -1 = 65 = 50°

Question 10
(a)
|AB|2 = |BC|2 + |AC|2
22 = 12 + |AC|2
4 = 1 + |AC|2
|AC|2 = 3
⇒ |AC| = √3

(b)
Cos ∠ BAC = √32 = 30°

(c)
x2 = 12 + 12
x2 = 2
x = √2
Cos 45° = 1
√2

(d)
Cos 75° = √6−4 √2 = 0.259

Cos 45° = 1 = 0.707

√2

Cos 30° = √32 = 0.866

0.259 ≠ 0.707 + 0.866

55
Question 56
(a)
The circumference will be used to calculate the radius of the Spire, which will help to give the full distance that Maria
is from the Spire.

2πr = 7.07m
7.07
r= = 1.126
2𝜋𝜋

𝑥𝑥
Tan 60° = = 123.194 m
71.126

Add Maria’s height,

123.194 + 1.72
Ans = 125m

56
Question 57
(a)
|∠ B| = 50°
Sin B = 0.766
(b)
Sin 50° = ℎ8
⇒ 8(Sin 50°) = h
H = 6m
(c)
Area of ABC = 1 Base × Height
2
= 12 (7.5 × 6) = 22.5 cm2

Question 13
(a)
Tan 30° = 𝑥𝑥
18
⇒ x = 18 (Tan 30°) = 10.4m

(b)
We need to know what Jasmine’s height is and add it to the result we got in part (a).

57
Question 14

(i) Use construction 13, Right-angled triangle, given the length of the hypotenuse and one other side. A
demonstration is available on The Dublin School of Grinds website:
www.dublinschoolofgrinds.ie/constructions .

(ii) 530

(iii)
cos 53° = 0.60181502
= 0.602 (correct to 3 decimal places)

(iv) Because the answer in part (ii) is rounded off to a whole number it gives a different answer.

Question 15

(a) An angle opposite a diameter in a circle is a right angle i.e. 900 or the angle at the centre of a circle is twice the
angle at the circumference standing on the same arc.

(b)

10
sin 𝑥𝑥 =
30
−1
10
sin ( ) = 19.471
30
= 19.5°

58
Question 16

(a)
𝑦𝑦 = 8 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 11
(b)
① 𝑥𝑥2 = 42 + 72
𝑥𝑥2 = 16 + 49
𝑥𝑥2 = 65
=> 𝑥𝑥 = √65

② 72 = 42 + 𝑥𝑥2
49 = 16 + 𝑥𝑥2
𝑥𝑥2 = 33
=> 𝑥𝑥 = √33

Question 17

(a)

𝑥𝑥
tan 30° =
20
=> 𝑥𝑥 = 20(tan 30°)
𝑥𝑥 = 11.55m

(b)

𝑦𝑦
tan 38° =
20
=> 𝑦𝑦 = 20(tan 38°)
𝑥𝑥 = 15.6257m

ℎ = 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥
ℎ = 15.6257 − 11.55
= 4.08
= 4.1m

(c) Shape of the water tank: Cylinder

Measurements from photograph

(label each measurement):
From photo radius = 1.9
1.9: 2.3 = 𝑥𝑥: 4.5
1.9 𝑟𝑟
=
2.3 4.5
=> 𝑟𝑟 = 3.7

Calculations:
Vol. of cylinder = 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋2ℎ
= 𝜋𝜋(3.7)2(4.5)
= 193.5378𝑚𝑚3
= 194𝑚𝑚3
Volume of water, in m3: 194𝑚𝑚3

59