PARTS OF SPEECH

“Words are divided into different kinds or classes, called Parts of Speech, according to their usages;
that is, according to the work they do in a sentence. The parts of speech are eight in number”

NOUN 1. Jane Austen wrote many novels. (Doing)

“A noun is a word used as the name of a 2. They were swimming in the pond
person, place, or thing” (Doing)
E.g. William Wordsworth was a nature poet. 3. You are a good student. (State/ Being)
Romanticism shows its first evidence in 4. The chair has broken. (happening)
1798. 5. It is raining cats and dogs. (happening)
PRONOUN ADVERB
“Any of a small set of words in a language that “Adverbs are words that modify verbs,
are used as substitutes for nouns or noun adjectives, other adverbs, conjunctions, and
phrases and noun clauses are known as the prepositions or even entire clauses"
pronoun" E.g. One of those students writes beautifully
E.g. Bill, Carter, and Ram were playing poker [“Beautifully” qualifies the verb “write”]
with friends. They are happy. E.g. This coffee is rather hot. [“Rather”
Juhi loves watching movies. She likes qualifies the adjective “hot”]
family dramas. E.g. This driver drives very fast. [“Very”
You and I have helped the poor. qualifies the adverb “fast”]
They would like to support the farmers. E.g. There is a thief exactly behind the tree.
E.g. Jane Austen told us. [“exactly” qualifies the preposition
ADJECTIVE “behind”]
"An adjective is a word used to add something E.g. He had cleaned his room just before his
to the meaning of a noun” father came. [“Just” qualifies the
E.g. Maanya is a beautiful girl. conjunction “before”]
I saw some roses in the garden. PREPOSITION
VERB “Prepositions are words that express a
“A Verb is a word used to express an action, relationship between a noun or pronoun
state, happening and being.”
(known as the object of the preposition) and E.g. William Wordsworth and Coleridge were
another part of the sentence” contemporary poets.
Some examples of prepositional phrases are: on Ram worked hard but failed.
the table, in the shed, and across the field. (The You are not only intelligent but also wise.
prepositions are in bold.) INTERJECTION
E.g. Ravi jumped into the river. “Interjections are words, phrases, or sounds
Kings live in big palaces. used to convey emotions such as surprise,
All the travelers were going through the excitement, happiness, or anger”
forest. Note: They are grammatically unrelated to any
CONJUNCTION other part of a sentence, so they are set apart
“Conjunctions are words that connect other by commas.
words, phrases, or clauses, expressing a Common interjections are “alas! Hurrah! Wow!
specific kind of relationship between the two Etc.”
(or more) elements” E.g. Hurrah! We won the innings.
The most common conjunctions are "and, but, Bravo! You played well.
or, nor, for, so, and yet, etc".

Parts of Speech
Directions (01- 15): In the following questions, Q6. The kids felt it was wrong when some got
a sentence is given with one bold word. You to go on the field trip but not others.
have to identify the part of speech of the given (a) adjective (b) verb
word. (c) noun (d) adverb
Q1. After dinner comes the reckoning. Ans. (a)
(a) adjective (b) preposition Q7. Heavy rains washed the topsoil away.
(c) noun (d) adverb (a) intransitive verb
Ans. (b) (b) adverb
Q2. If you run after two hearses, you will (c) transitive verb
catch neither. (d) preposition
(a) adverb (b) preposition Ans. (c)
(c) conjunction (d) adjective Q8. This isn't my usual brand of deodorant.
Ans. (a) (a) demonstrative pronoun
Q3. They closed down after years of low (b) relative pronoun
profits. (c) interrogative pronoun
(a) adverb (b) conjunction (d) indefinite pronoun
(c) noun (d) adjective Ans. (a)
Ans. (d) Q9. Nothing comes wrong to a hungry man.
Q4. Antiques are much sought after (a) preposition (b) noun
nowadays. (c) adjective (d) adverb
(a) verb (b) preposition Ans. (d)
(c) adverb (d) conjunction Q10. It's a very fast car, so it shouldn't take too
Ans. (b) long.
Q5. A moneyless person goes fast through (a) adverb (b) adjective
the market. (c) preposition (d) pronoun
(a) adjective (b) noun Ans. (b)
(c) adverb (d) preposition Q11. Neither road leads to Utica.
Ans. (c) (a) adverb (b) preposition
 (c) adjective (d) conjunction Common Plural Feminine Accusative
Ans. (c) Collective (Countable) Common Genitive
Q12. Wash regularly to ensure personal Material (Uncountable) Neuter Vocative
hygiene. Abstract
(a) Noun (b) verb Proper Noun:
(c) adjective (d) preposition Note: “Proper” (Latin, proprious) means “own”
Ans. (a) “It denotes the name of a person, place or
Q13. Neither of us arrived in time thing”
(a) adjective (b) preposition Noida, James, Shakespeare, Canterbury Tales,
(c) conjunction (d) pronoun Paradise Lost etc.
Ans. (d) Key: a. It’s always written in uppercase.
Q14. A clear fast is better than a dirty b. We never use a/an before it. “zero article”.
breakfast. Common Noun:
(a) verb (b) Noun Note: “Common” (Latin, comminus) means
(c) adjective (d) adverb “shared by all”
Ans. (b) “It denotes the quality possessed by all”
Q15. He has earned a place beside the best “It denotes no one thing in particular”
performers in the business. chauffeur, arsonist, anarchist, autobiographer,
(a) preposition (b) adjective theist, and funambulist.
(c) conjunction (d) adverb Key: a. we always use ‘a/ an’ before the
Ans. (a) singular countable noun.
They don’t want to discuss their ideology with
anarchist (W)
NOUN: “Noun is the name of a person, place
They don't want to discuss their ideology with
or thing”
an anarchist (R)
“Noun is a naming word”
Collective Noun:
“Whatever we can observe by our five senses
“It denotes the collection of people, things or
whether tangible or intangible is called a noun”.
animals”
John, biographer, cardiologist, kindness, love,
Note 2: A Noun of Multitude, since it denotes a
and goodness, etc.
specific group, must be classed as Collective;
Classification: There are five kinds of nouns
but with the difference
A. Concrete
(a) A Collective Noun denotes one
Proper (one thing at a time)
undivided whole;
Common (any number of things and
The jury consists of twelve persons.
persons)
The team has won the innings
Collective (a group of things)
(b) A Noun of Multitude, since it denotes
Material (what is thing is made of)
the individuals of the group;
The jury (the men on the jury) were
B. Abstract (quality, state, and action)
divided on their opinions.
Kinds Number Gender Cases
The team have won the innings.
Proper Singular Masculine Nominative

List of Collective Nouns

A bale of cotton A basket of fruit A batch of bread
A battery of guns A bevy of ladies A block of flats
A board of directors A body of men A book of notes
A bouquet of flowers A bowl of rice A broad of chickens
A bunch of crocks A bunch of keys A bundle of sticks
A caravan of gypsies A catalogue of prices A catch of fish
A chest of drawers A choir of singers A class of students
A cloud of dust A cloud of insects A cluster of coconuts
A collection of coins A colony of badgers A comb of bananas
A company of actors A crew of sailors A crowd of people
A fleet of ships A forest of trees A gaggle of geese
A galaxy of stars A gang of prisoners A group of dancers
A group of islands A hail of bullets A hand of bananas
A harvest of wheat A haul of fish A heap of rubbish
A hedge of bushes A herd of cattle A hive of bees
A horde of savages A horde of savages A host of angels
A library of books A line of kings A mob of rioters
A nest of mice A pack of thieves A pack of wolves
A party of friends A patrol of policemen A plague of locusts
A posse of policemen A pride of lions A quiver of arrows
A range of mountains A ream of paper A reel of film
A regiment of soldiers A school of whales A set of clubs
A sheaf of grain A shower of rain A stack of wood
A staff of employees A staff of employees A string of horses
A string of pearls A stud of horses A swarm of bees
A team of players A tribe of natives A tribe of natives
A troop of scouts A troupe of artistes A wad of notes
A zoo of wild animals An anthology of poems An army of ants
An outfit of clothes A sloth of bears

Material Noun: Quality: Goodness, kindness, cleverness and

“It denotes material and its base features” quality etc.
“It is the name of a particular kind of matter or State: Poverty, manhood, bondage, pleasure,
substance. youth etc.
water, gold, copper, wood, cloth, plastic, etc. Action: Laughter, choice, revenge etc.
Key: Key:
a. We never use a/an before it because it is a. We never use a/an before it because it is
uncountable. uncountable.
b. We never make a plural of it by adding b. We never make the plural of it by adding
s/es. s/es
Note: The same word can be a Material Noun USAGES OF NOUN
or a Common noun according to the sense. Some words may be an Abstract noun or a
Lambs are grazing in the meadow. (Common) Common noun or a Proper noun according to
Lamb is good for food. (Material) the purpose for which it is used
Thus "Sheep" is a common noun, but "mutton" Justice:
(or the flesh of sheep) is a Material Noun. 1. Justice is a virtue ………………… (Abstract)
Abstract Noun: 2. Mahatma Gandhi Ji is a justice of the peace
“It denotes some quality, state or action, etc.” …………….. (Common)
Note: “Abstract” (Latin, abstractus) means Beauty:
“drawn off” (abstract in thoughts) from the 1. Priyanka Chopra is admired for her beauty
objects. ……………... (Abstract)
2. Madonna was the beauty of the Hollywood 1. Everyone admires nobility of character
……………… (Common) ………... (Abstract)
Authority: 2. Sajal is the nobility of the town……...
1. Sometimes you have no authority in (Common)
companies …..…. (Abstract) Kindness:
2. The best authorities differ on some points 1. Kindness is the part of character ……………...
…………. (Common) (Abstract)
Nobility: 2. My friend did me a great kindness…………
(Common)
How Abstract Nouns are formed
Abstract nouns can be formed from Adjectives;
Adjective Noun Adjective Noun
bitter bitterness wide width
brave bravery prudent prudence
cold coldness humble humility
dark darkness long length
deep depth true truth
high height young youth
hot heat sleepy sleepiness
just justice great greatness
short shortness honest honesty
sole solitude broad breadth
sweet sweetness proud pride
Wise wisdom poor poverty
Abstract nouns formed from common nouns
Common Abstract Common Abstract
Agent agency regent regency
Captain captaincy priest priesthood
Friend friendship boy boyhood
King kingship bond bondage
Man manhood child childhood
Rascal rascality rogue roguery
Slave slavery infant infancy
Thief theft mother motherhood
Abstract nouns formed from verbs
Verb Abstract Verb Abstract
Advise advice defend defence
Believe belief please pleasure
Chose choice move motion
Free freedom expect expectation
Hate hatred obey obedience
Judge judgement conceal concealment
Protect protection think thought
See sight relieve relief
Seize seizure laugh laughter
Serve service live life
 Abstract noun and verb same forms
Verb Noun Verb Noun
Cry cry step step
Desire desire regret regeret
Fear fear hope hope
Order order move move
Rise rise fall fall
Sob sob laugh laugh
Stay stay stop stop
Taste taste ride ride
Touch touch love love
Walk walk run run
Books and Movies: Arabian Knights, Three
A few nouns look plural, but they have singular idiots, Two States, Hard Times, Daffodils,
verbs Canterbury Tales and Three Musketeers.
Subjects: Physics, Mathematics, Economics, Country: United States
Linguistics, Phonetics, Statistics, and Other: news, summons
Humanities, etc. a. Arabian Knights, the collection of short
Diseases: Paralysis, Measles, Mumps, Rabies, stories provides the theme to many
Rickets, Tuberculosis, etc. Hollywood movies.
Sports: chess, tennis, gymnastics, aquatics and b. Canterbury Tales is written by Geoffrey
billiards, draughts, etc. Chaucer

A few nouns look plural and they have plural verbs

annals archives arms arms assets belongings
binoculars bowels cards chattels clippers compasses
contents credentials dividers doings dregs dues
eatables eaves edibles forceps goggles greens
guts handcuffs intestines jeans knickers leggings
manes means nuptials obsequies orders outskirts
pantaloons pants pincers pliers premises proceeds
repairs riches ruins sandals scissors shoes
shorts slippers socks specs spectacles stairs
sunglasses surroundings tidingsand trousers tweezers works etc.
a. Scissors are lying on the table. b. Annals have been destroyed by rioters.
A few nouns always have plural verbs
cattle excreta Gentry peasantry people police
poultry vermin
a. Police have arrested a few criminals to maintain law and order in the city.
b. Excreta have been used by farmers to promote herbal farming in the country.
A few nouns have either a singular or plural verb without changing their forms.
aircraft cod deer fish headquarters innings
livestock mischief offspring salmon series Sheep
spacecraft species swine trout
a. A sheep is grazing by the river.
b. Sheep are grazing by the river. (Don’t Say Sheeps)
c. It is difficult for any team to win the match in the fourth innings.
Uncountable “mass” nouns.
Key:
a. We never use a/an before it.
b. We never make the plural of it by adding s/es.
abuse accommodation advice applause baggage
behavior bread butter camping cash
chalk countryside crockery cutlery damage
dirt drainage dust education electricity
equipment espionage evidence food fruit
fuel fun furniture garbage gossip
harm health help homework housework
housing information jewellery justice knowledge
land laughter leisure lightening litter
luck luggage machinery money music
news pay (wages) percentage permission poetry
pollution proof prose rain research
rice rubbish scenery shopping sightseeing
stationary stuff thunder toast traffic
transport travel violence wealth weather
work

• How to use an uncountable noun as chart charts

countable. drum drums
a. Our manager has an urgent piece of work at egg eggs
the office. axe axes
Containers: a cup of coffee, a glass of milk, Nouns that end in s x z ch or sh are made plural
a bottle of wine, a box of rubbish,etc. by adding es.
'Piece': a piece of cheese/ chocolate/ plastic/ Singular Plural
cotton boss bosses
a slice/piece of bread/cake/meat bus buses
• A few compound nouns are always class classes
fox foxes
used in plural
buzz buzzes
Human rights current affairs
witch witches
Current events inverted commas
rash rashes
Armed forces grass roots
Natural resources social studies
Nouns that end in y preceded by a
Industrial relations high heels etc. consonant are made plural by replacing
the y with ies.
NOUN AND NUMBER Singular Plural
Normal nouns are made plural simply by adding ability abilities
an s. Because normal nouns are very numerous battery batteries
this is a very limited list. candy candies
Singular Plural city cities
artichoke artichokes daisy daisies
bubble bubbles energy energies
Nouns that end in y preceded by a vowel leaf leaves
are treated like normal nouns: just add s. life lives
Singular Plural shelf shelves
day days wife wives
play plays Other nouns that end in f or fe are treated
toy toys as normal nouns: just add s.
valley valleys Singular Plural
Some nouns that end in o preceded by a belief beliefs
consonant are made plural by adding es. brief briefs
Singular Plural chef chefs
echo echoes chief chiefs
hero heroes cliff cliffs
potato potatoes gulf gulfs
tomato tomatoes proof proofs
tomato tomatoes safe safes
zero zeroes A small group of nouns that end in f can be
Other nouns that end in o and are made plural either way:
preceded by a consonant are made plural Singular Plural
hoof hoofs or hooves
by just adding s.
dwarf dwarfs or dwarves
Singular Plural
scarf scarfs or scarves
casino casinos
loaf loafs or loaves
disco discos
staff staffs or staves
egos egos
wharf wharfs or wharves
Intro intros
inferno infernos
Some nouns ending in us are made plural
photo photos by changing the 'us' to 'i'.
promo promos Singular Plural
ratio ratios alumnus alumni
Still, other nouns ending in o and preceded cactus cacti
corpus corpora
by a consonant have both recognized
focus focuses or foci
plural forms: add either s or es. If in doubt
fungus funguses or fungi
check a dictionary. genus genera
Singular Plural octopus octopuses or octopi
buffalo buffalos or buffaloes nucleus nuclei
halo halos or haloes radius radii
mosquito mosquitos or mosquitoes stimulus stimuli
gazebo gazebos or gazeboes stylus styli
tornado tornados or tornadoes viscus viscera
embargo embargos or embargoes uterus uteri
Some nouns that end in f or fe become hippopotamus hippopotami
plural by changing the f or fe to ves. Some nouns ending in is are made plural by
Singular Plural changing the ‘is’ to ‘es’.
calf calves Singular Plural
elf elves axis axes
half halves analysis analyses
knife knives
basis bases nebula nebulae or nebulas
crisis crises vertebra vertebrae
diagnosis diagnoses Some compounds have one head with
ellipsis ellipses which they begin. These heads are also
hypothesis hypotheses nouns and the head usually pluralizes
oasis oases leaving the second usually a post-positive
paralysis paralyses
adjective term unchanged
synthesis syntheses
Singular Plural
synopsis synopses
attorney general attorneys general
thesis theses
bill of attainder bills of attainder
Some nouns ending in ix or ex are made court martial courts martial
plural by changing the ix to ices. director general directors general
Singular Plural fee simple absolute fees simple absolute
appendix appendices governor-general governors-general
index indices major general major generals
matrix matrices passerby passersby
vertex vertices ship of the line ships of the line
Some nouns of French origin ending in eau son-in-law sons-in-law
are made plural by changing the eau to minister-president ministers-president
eaux. chief of staff chiefs of staff
Singular Plural procurator fiscal procurators fiscal
beau beaux ghost story ghost stories
bureau bureaus or bureaux handful handfuls
chateau chateaux spoonful spoonfuls
tableau tableaux or tableaus code of conduct codes of conduct
plateau plateaux If a compound can be thought to have two
Some nouns become plural by changing heads both of them tend to be pluralized
the ending to a. when the first head has an irregular plural
Singular Plural form:
bacterium bacteria Singular Plural
corpus corpora man-child men-children
criterion criteria manservant menservants
curriculum curricula woman doctor women doctors
datum data Two-headed compounds in which the first
genus genera head has a standard plural form however
medium media
tend to pluralize only the final head:
memorandum memoranda
Singular Plural
ovum ova
city-state city-states
phenomenon phenomena
nurse-practitioner nurse-practitioners
referendum referenda
scholar-poet scholar-poets
stratum strata
In military usage, the term general as part
Some nouns become plural by changing
of an officer's title is etymologically an
the ending a to ae.
adjective but it has been adopted as a
Singular Plural
antenna antennae or antennas
noun and thus a head so compound titles
formula formulae or formulas employing it are pluralized at the end:
Singular Plural With extended compounds constructed
brigadier general brigadier generals around o only the last term is pluralized (or
major general major generals left unchanged if it is already plural):
Singular and plural of letters and Singular Plural
abbreviation and acronyms etc. cat-o’-nine-tail cat-o’-nine-tails
Singular Plural jack-o’-lantern jack-o’-lanterns
Mr. Messrs will-o’-the-wisp will-o’-the-wisps
Mrs. Mesdames Two forms of plural each with a separate
Mr. Shishodia The Mr. Shishodias/ meaning
Messers Shishodia Brother brothers
S s’s brethren (members of the same society)
Shall shall’s Cherub Cherubim (angles of a certain
5 5’s rank)
MP MPs Cherubs (images of cherub)
UFO UFOs Cloth clothes (dress stitched clothes)
Amit Amit’s cloths (kinds of pieces of cloths)
For compounds of three or more words Cow cows
that have a head (or a term functioning as kine (cattle)
a head) with an irregular plural form only die dies (stamps for coining)
that term is pluralized: dics (small cubes used in games)
Singular Plural Genius Geniuses (man of genius or
man-about-town men-about-town talent)
man-of-war men-of-war Genii (fabulous spirits of the air)
woman of the street women of the street Index Indexes (table of contents)
With a few extended compounds both Indices (signs used in algebra)
terms may be pluralized—again with an Pea Peas (distributive)
alternative (which may be more prevalent Pease (collective)
Penny Pennies (penny pieces;
e.g. heads of state):
Distributive)
Singular plural
Pence (collective)
head of state heads of states/heads
Staff Staves (sticks of poles)
of state
Staffs (department in the army)
son of a bitch sons of bitches/sons-
of-a-bitch
Two meanings in the plural and one in the singular.
Colour (colour) Colours (kinds of colours)
Colours (flag of regiment)
Custom (custom) Customs (habits)
Customs (toll/ tax)
Element (element) Elements (simple substances)
Elements (conditions of the air)
Effect (effect) Effects (results)
Effects (goods and chattels)
Letter (letter) (a. of alphabet; b. epistle.) Letters (of alphabet)
Letters (epistles)
Manner (manner; mode or way) Manners (modes or ways)
Manners (behariour)
Number (number; as in counting) Numbers (as in counting)
Numbers (poetry)
Pain (pain; sufferings) Pains (sufferings)
Pains (trouble care)
Part (part; portion) Parts (portions)
Parts (abilities)
Premise (premise; a statement or proposition) Premises (propositions)
Premises (buildings)
Quarter (quarter; a forth part) Quarters (fourth part)
Quarters (lodgings)
Spectacle (spectacle; anything seen) Spectacles (things seen)
Spectacles (eye glasses)

A few nouns have two meaning in singular against one in the plural
Abuse People
Abuse (wrong doings) People (a nation)
Abuse (reproaches) People (persons)
abuses (wrong doings) peoples (nations)
Foot Powder
Foot (part of body) Powder (a medicinal mixture)
Foot (infantry) Powder (gunpowder)
feet(parts of body) powders (medicinal mixture)
Horse Practice
Horse (a quadruped) Practice (habitual act)
Horse (cavalry) Practice (professional connection)
horses (quadrupeds) Practices (habitual acts)
Issue Stone
Issue (result) Stone (a piece of rock)
Issue (offspring) Stone (fourteen pounds)
issues (results) stones (pieces of rock)
Light Wood
Light (a lamp) Wood (a forest)
Light (radiance) Wood (a timber)
lights (lamps) woods (forests)

Different sense of nouns in singular and plural

Singular Plural
Advice (counsel) advices (information)
Air (atmosphere) airs (demeanour)
Ban (a curse) banns (announcement)
Beef (flesh of ox) beeves (cattle/bulls/ cows)
Compass (range or extent) compasses (an instrument)
Copper (metal) coppers (Pennies)
Force (strength or energy) forces (army)
Good (benefit) goods (luggage/property)
Iron (metal) irons (fetters)
Minute (of time) minutes (of a meeting)
Physic (medicine) Physics (natural science)
Return (coming back) returns(statistics)
Salt (seasoning substance) salts (smelling salt)
Sand (a kind of matter) sands (desert/ sandy land)
Vapour (invisible steam) vapours (dejection)
Vesper (evening) vespers (evening prayers)
Water (element) waters (springs)
Ash (metal) ashes (burns of metal or body)
Work works (novels and dramas)

NOUN AND GENDER

1. Masculine: Male (boy, father, horse, hog etc.)
2. Feminine: Female (girl, mother, cow, mare, etc.)
3. Common: of either sex male or female (teacher, parent, painter etc.)
4. Neuter: of neither sex nor male nor female (box, flock, pen, water etc.)

Modes of denoting gender of Sex

1. By a change of ending
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Abbot abbess author authoress
Duke duchess executor executrix
Lad lass testator testatrix
Widower widow

2. By a change of word
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Bachelor maid/ spinster boar sow
Brother sister buck doe
Colt filly dog bitch
Drake duck earl countess
Father mother friar nun
Gander goose hart roe
Nephew niece stag hind
Wizard witch uncle aunt

3. By placing a word before or after

Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
Bride – groom bride cock sparrow hen- sparrow
Grand father grand mother great uncle great aunt
He goat she goat land lord land lady
Man servant maid servant pea – cock pea – hen

4. Nouns in the common gender; i.e. denoting

either sex Calf: bullock / heifer
Baby: male / female Child: boy/ girl
Bird: cock / hen Cousin: male/ female
Deer: stag/ hind
Fallow deer: buck/ doe spoken to is set forth expressly within a
Foal: colt/ filly sentence.
Fowl: cock / hen James, I need you to help me with the dishes.
Friend/ enemy: male / female Can I have some money, Mom?
Monarch: king/ queen Mr. President, I didn’t see you there.
Orphan: boy/ girl
Parents: father/ mother 6. Possessive:
Pig: boar/ sow "Possessive case; it is so-called because it
Pupil: boy/ girl usually denotes the possessor or owner. It is
Servant: man/ maid formed by adding [‘s called apostrophe s] to
Sheep: ram/ eve singular nouns or sometimes to plural once:
Student: boy / girl E.g. John’s poetry; children’s game; men’s kit;
Teacher: master/ mistress boy’s novel; a cat’s tail;
A few nouns that represent beauty a bird’s feather etc.
gracefulness and gentleness are treated Omission of “s” – There are two kinds of
feminine. instances in which ‘s’ but not the apostrophe is
the moon, the earth, nature, spring, nation and omitted.
ship etc. (i) After all plural noun ending is ‘s’ -
The moon throws her beautiful rays on the horses’ tails; the birds’ nests; the dogs’
earth. kennels; boys’ school;
A few nouns that represent strength firmness girls' hostel, doctors' strike, workers' union
and energy are treated masculine. (ii) Whenever the last syllabus of a singular
the sun, time, death, winter, wind, summer, noun begins and ends with ‘s’ or ends with
thunder, ocean, war and wine etc. ‘ce’.
Death always knows his victims Conscience' sake, peace' sake, Moses'
laws, goodness' sake, Oedipus's complex,
NOUN AND CASES for righteousness’ sake, Sophocles’ plays.
There are four cases (But Venus’s beauty; James’s hat; mouse’s
1. Nominative skin; etc.)
2. Accusative
3. Genitive Some other usages of Possessive case
4. Vocative 1. Noun denoting personified objects –
Nominative: Nature’ law; fortune’s favour; India’s hero;
“If noun functions as the subject of a verb" Sorrow’s tears;
John Keats wrote many odes in English. 2. Noun denoting time-space or weight-
Note: Nominative “Subjective” Case (John Time: a year ear’s absence; at a six month’s
Keats) sight; three day’s grace;
Accusative: a day’s journey; a month’s holiday; three
“If a noun functions as the object of a verb" year’s leave etc.
All the teachers appreciated Jenny. Space: A boat’s length; a hand’s breadth; a
Note: Objective “Accusative” Case (Jenny) hair’s breadth; a razor’s edge; a stone’s
throw a needle’s point etc.
5. Vocative case (Noun of Address) Weight: a pound’s weight a ton’s weight
The vocative case is used for a noun that etc.
identifies a person (animal object etc.). A 3. Nouns signifying certain dignified objects –
vocative expression is an expression of direct The court’s decree; the sun’s rays; the
address by which the identity of the party moon’s crescent; the nature’s works; the
 earth’s axis; the soul’s delight; heaven’s Mr. Arush is Bhavna’s father
will; the law’s delays; truth’s triumph; the (NOT: Mr. Arush is the father of Bhavna’
mind’s eye; the ocean’s roar; duty’s call; because Bhavna can’t have many fathers)
the country’s good etc. She is my wife (NOT she is a wife of mine)
Note: We use "of" in place of apostrophe 12. An apostrophe is not used with (The +
[‘s] to make a possessive case. Adjective)
The leg of the table The problem of the poor (NOT the poor’s
The door of the house problem)
The wheel of cart etc. 13. We normally use the possessive with
4. An apostrophe is used with the last word people and animals.
of a compound noun. My friend's sister
Father-in-law's property. The dog's bone
Sister-in-law's house. The Atkinsons' garden
5. An apostrophe is used with the last word Directions: In the following questions, some
of a noun phrase or noun equivalent part of the sentence may have errors. Find out
words. which part of the sentence has an error and
The king of Delhi’s palace. select the appropriate option. If a sentence is
The government of India’s declaration was free from error, select ‘No Error’.
clear. 1. It is very difficult to chase (A)/ a huge score
6. An apostrophe is used with the last word (B)/ in the second inning (C)/ No Error (D)
of a noun in apposition. A. It is very difficult to chase
John Keats, the romantic poet's poetry is B. a huge score
full of sensuousness. C. in the second inning
John Donne the metaphysics poet’s poetry D. no error
attracts us a lot. Answer: C
7. If both nouns have the joint possession Solution: the error is in the part ‘c’. Use
apostrophe is used with the last word. “innings” in place of “inning”. Some nouns are
Rakesh and Ravi’s shop. (both have the always treated plural and written with ‘s’.
same shop) 2. I went to (A)/ the house and found that
8. If both nouns have a different possession (B)/ the cart’s wheel was broken (C)/ No
apostrophe is used with both nouns. Error(D)
Rakesh’s and Ravi’s shops (both have their A. I went to
own shop means two shops) B. the house and found that
9. An apostrophe is used with indefinite C. the cart’s wheel was broken
pronouns like everybody somebody D. no error
nobody, anybody no one, etc. Answer: C
Rakesh has stolen someone’s beg. Solution: The error is in the part ‘c’. Use “Wheel
Everyone’s duty is to help the helpless. of cart” in place of “cart’s wheel”. We use “of”
10. If ‘else’ is used after indefinite pronoun use with non-living nouns and apostrophe (‘s) with
apostrophe with ‘else’ living nouns.
I like nobody else’s advice. 3. The name of (A)/ Amitabh’s (B)/ and
It is not mine it is somebody else’s. Ajitabh’s father is Bhachchan ji (C)/ No
11. A/an + singular noun + of + nouns + Error(D)
apostrophe A. The name of
A sister of Mohan’s. B. Amitabh’s
A friend of my wife’s. C. and Ajitabh’s father is Bhachchan ji
Mr. Rakesh is a friend of Mr. Mahesh’s D. no error
Answer: B Solution: The error is in the part ‘c’. Use
Solution: The error is in the part “b”. Use “Brethren” in place of “brothers”. Here we are
“Amitabh” in place of “Amitabh’s”. if two nouns making plural of community so the use of
have different possessions, we use apostrophe “brothers” is inappropriate.
(‘s) twice. And if possession is on the single 8. The great artist (A)/ was surrounded by
object, we use apostrophe (‘s) with the last (B)/ his usual crowd of hanger-ons (C)/ No
noun. Error(D)
4. On his way (A)/ to the forest (B)/ a hunter A. The great artist
saw a flock of sheeps (C)/ no error (D) B. was surrounded by
A. On his way C. his usual crowd of hanger-ons
B. to the forest D. no error
C. a hunter saw a flock of sheeps Answer: C
D. no error Solution: the error is in the part ‘c’. Use
Answer: C “hangers on” in place of “hanger ons”. In
Solution: The error is in the part ‘c’. Use compound nouns we should make plural of root
“sheep” in place of “sheeps”. A few noun are noun because ‘on’ is a preposition here.
treated either singular or plural. Don’t make 9. Doctors did (A)/ their best to save (B)/ the
plural of them by adding ‘s/es’ lifes of the accident victims (C)/ No Error
5. Everyone on this earth is aware (A)/ of the (D)
fact that sunrise is a (B)/ great A. Doctors did
phenomena (C)/ no error (D) B. their best to save
A. Everyone on this earth is aware C. the lifes of the accident victims
B. of the fact that sunrise is a D. no error
C. great phenomena Answer: C
D. no error Solution: The error is in the part ‘c’. Use “lives”
Answer: C in place of “lifes”. If a noun ends with ‘fe’ we
Solution: The error is in the part “c”. Use change it into ‘ves’ to make it plural.
“phenomenon” in place of “phenomena”. 10. I hope to visit the U.S.A. (A)/ only next
‘Phenomena’ is a plural word and we should use year during summer (B)/ vacations (C)/ No
singular countable noun after article “a/a”. Error (D)
6. There have been (A)/ ten woman tailors A. I hope to visit the U.S.A.
in (B)/ our colony (C)/ No Error (D) B. only next year during summer
A. There have been C. vacations
B. ten woman tailors in D. no error
C. our colony Answer: C
D. no error Solution: The error is in the part ‘c’. Use
Answer: B “vacation” in place of “vacations”. If we say
Solution: The error is in the part “b”. Use “Ten summer or winter then we use ‘vacation’.
women” in place of “ten woman”. We should 11. A number of boys are reading this novel
make both words plural in compound nouns. (a) because this is one of the most (b)
7. Hindus (A)/ and Muslims (B)/ live like important novel of India (c) No Error(d)
brothers in India (C)/ no error (D) A. A number of boys are reading this novel
A. Hindus B. because this is one of the most
B. and Muslims C. important novel of India
C. live like brothers in India D. no error
D. no error Answer: C
Answer: C
Solution: the error is in the part “c”. Use Solution: the error is in the part “a”. use “loss”
“novels” in place of “novel”. We always use in place of “losses”. We never make plural of
plural noun after “one of + Plural noun” uncountable nouns
12. The book is (a) popular and the sale (b) is 16. I am listening to (a) some old song (b) that
quite brisk in all the major city (c) No I like (c) No Error(d)
Error(d) A. I am listening to
A. The book is B. some old song
B. popular and the sale C. that I like
C. is quite brisk in all the major city D. no error
D. no error Answer: B
Ans. C Solution: the error is in the part ‘b’. Use “songs”
Solution: the error is in the part “c”. Use “cities” in place of “song”. We always us plural or
in place of “city”. We always use plural or uncountable nouns after “some”
uncountable noun after “all” 17. Her sister-in-laws (a) are cruel (b) and
13. In spite of four letter (a) we have sent, we they harass her a lot (c) No Error(d)
have received (b) no answer from the A. Her sister-in-laws
authority (c) No Error (d) B. are cruel
A. In spite of four letter C. and they harass her a lot
B. we have sent, we have received D. no error
C. no answer from the authority Answer: A
D. no error Solution: the error is in the part “a”. Use “sisters
Answer: A in law” in place of “sister in laws”. Compound
Solution: The error is in the part “a”. Use nouns have plural form in their root words.
“letters” in place of “letter”. We should use 18. All individuals are (a) different so their (b)
plural nouns after numerical adjectives tastes vary from one another (c) No
14. Our housing society comprises (a) six Error(d)
blocks and thirty flats (b) in an area of A. All individuals are
about thousand square meter (c) No B. different so their
Error(d) C. tastes vary from one another
A. Our housing society comprises D. no error
B. six blocks and thirty flats Answer: C
C. in an area of about thousand square Solution: the error is in the part “c”. Use “one
meters another’s” in place of “one another”. Here we
D. no error are comparing taste.
Answer: C 19. The sun whose ray give life to the (a) earth
Solution: the error is in the part “c”. Use “a was venerated as (b) God by our ancestors
thousand” in place of “thousand”. Always us (c) No Error (d)
article a/an before singular countable nouns A. The sun whose ray give life to the
15. His losses at the races (a) made the young B. earth was venerated as
man (b) lose the peace of his mind (c) No C. God by our ancestors
Error(d) D. No error
A. His losses at the races Answer: A
B. made the young man Solution: the error is in the part “a”. Use “rays”
C. lose the peace of his mind in place of “ray” because in general “ray”
D. no error cannot be considered singular.
Answer: A
20. Our system of assigning different jobs to superfluous. These words have the meaning of
different people (A)/ should be based on side in themselves.
(B)/ their strengths and weaknesses (C)/ E.g. Final conclusion, final destination, 8 pm in
No Error (D) the evening etc.
A. Our system of assigning different jobs to Here word “final” and “in the evening” are
different people superfluous.
B. should be based on
C. their strengths and weaknesses 23. My friend went to Mumbai and spoke (A)/
D. No error to Mahesh,(B)/ the actor’s secretary (C)/
Ans. C. No Error(D)
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use A. My friend went to Mumbai and spoke
“strength and weakness” in place of “strengths B. to Mahesh,
and weaknesses”. These words are ‘Abstract C. the actor’s secretary
nouns’. “Abstract noun” is always treated D. No error
“uncountable”. Never add s/es to Abstract Ans. D.
Noun to make it plural. Solution: no error
21. My friends and I went (A)/ to enjoy 24. Every student has to (A)/ face a lot of pain
themselves to Delhi to visit “Trade Fair” (B)/ to get selection in this competitive
(B)/ but we found no place to stand there exam (C)/ No error (D)
in hall no eight. (C)/No Error(D) A. Every student has to
A. My friends and I went B. face a lot of pain
B. to enjoy themselves to Delhi to visit “Trade C. to get selection in this competitive exam
Fair” D. No error
C. but we found no place to stand there in hall Ans. B.
no eight. Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
D. No error “pains” in place of “pain” because meaning of
Ans. C. “pains” is suffering. Some nouns change their
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use meaning if they are used in plural.
“room” in place of “place”. 25. Order has been issued for his transfer to
22. You will find a lamp-post (A)/ at the front another district (A)/but he has (B)/not
side of the (B)/ institute (C)/ No Error(D) received them so far(C)/ No Error(D)
A. You will find a lamp-post A. Order has been issued for his transfer to
B. at the front side of the another district
C. institute B. but he has
D. No error C. not received them so far
Ans. B. D. no error
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use Ans. A.
“front” in place of “front side”. This use is Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
superfluous. Never use “side” with [back, front, “orders” in place of “order”.
right and left]. The use of “side” will be
 PRONOUN
“The word that we use in place of a noun is P - PERSONAL
called a pronoun” R - RECIPROCAL
E.g. I, we, you, he, she, they, etc. R - RELATIVE
E.g. Sameer is one of the bright students. He I - INDEFINITE
got the first position in the class. I - INTERROGATIVE
Ram and Lakshman were brothers. They D - DISTRIBUTIVE
spent a miserable life in the forest. D - DEMONSTRATIVE
Sunita is a decent lady. She takes care of E - EXCLAMATORY
her children. E - EMPHATIC
Explanation: Sent 1: “He” is used as a pronoun R - REFLEXIVE
for “Sameer”
Sent 2: “They” is used as a pronoun for “Ram Personal Pronoun:
and Lakshman” “There are three persons first, second and
Sent 3: “She” is used as a pronoun for “Sunita” third”
Kinds First-person – Speaker
There are ten kinds of pronouns. Second person – Listener
Key [PRIDE, RIDER] Third-person – Object (about whom
Every letter suggests the name of a pronoun. we talk)

Table
Person Subjective “Case” Objective “Case” Possessive “Adjective” Possessive
“Pronoun”
Ist I Me My Mine
We Us Our Ours
IInd You You Your Yours
IIIrd He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
It It Its ----
One One One’s ----
They Them Their Theirs

Rule: We always use subjective case before a. It is I (R)

“verb”. It is me (W)
E.g. a. My friend and I have a beautiful selfie. b. If you were he, you would help the poor.
b. You and they have supported many poor (R)
families for years. If you were him, you would help the poor.
Rule: We always use objective case after “let”, (W)
“verb” and “prepositions” Rule: The sequence of personal pronoun
E.g. a. Let me work hard. should be (2,3and1) (second, third and first)
b. He told me. E.g. a. You, they and I have supported this
c. Between you and me there is no political party only.
argument. b. They and you will be the part of the next
Rule: We always use subjective case after “be” tournament.
(is/am/are/was/were/be/ been) verbs c. You and I have supported some policies
of the government.
EXCEPTIONS: b. I, you, and she have hanged a boy in the
The sequence will be (first, second and third) woods.
(1,2 and 3) 2. “If all the persons are plural, the sequence
1. “If confessions or bad activities or motives will be first, second and third.”
are there, the sequence will be first, E.g. a. We, you and they have started a new
second and third” venture at Chandni Chok in Delhi.
E.g. a. I, you and Mohan are criminals/ frauds/
gamblers/ smokers and killers etc.

Relative Pronoun:
who people Subjective case
Whom People Objective case
which animals and things Subjective & Objective case
that people, animals and things Subjective & Objective case
whose People and Animals Possessive case
Of Which Non – Living Possessive case

Use of “WHO”
E.g. a. One day I met John who has composed Usages:
many songs and wrote many scripts. a. Ram and Mohan will entertain whom
b. They know players who have performed you have invited. (Incorrect)
well for many innings. Ram and Mohan will entertain anyone
Explanation: In the above sentences “who” is whom you have invited. (Correct)
the subject of ‘has composed and have Explanation: In the first sentence antecedent is
performed’ and the antecedents for “who” are missing.
‘John and players” respectively
Note: Verb and adjective after "Relative Use of “WHICH”
Pronoun" agree to the number and gender of E.g. a. Students should read William
the antecedent. Shakespeare’s “Macbeth” which is the
Antecedent: Noun/ pronoun before “Relative perfect example of passion and ambition.
Pronoun” (Subjective)
E.g. Who comes first shall get this prize b. Farmers are using excreta which provide
(incorrect) nourishment to the crop.
Whoever comes first shall get this prize. (Subjective)
(Correct) c. I bought a most readable novel “Two
Note: ‘Who’ is a relative pronoun and always States” which I read three times
takes an antecedent. (Objective)
Explanation: In the first two examples ‘Which’
Use of “WHOM” is the subject of verbs ‘is and provide’ and in the
E.g. a. I met a soldier whom I have given a novel last example 'which is the object of the verb
to read. 'read'.
b. John Keats was a poet whom everyone Who And Which: Restrictive or Non – defining
appreciated for his sensuousness. Vs Continuation or Defining
Explanation: In the above sentences ‘Whom’ is Restrictive/ Non-Defining: To restrict, limit or
the object of verbs ‘have given and appreciated’ define more clearly the antecedent.
respectively. 1. My brother, who is a doctor, has gone to
Mathura.
Explanation: I have only one brother. Explanation: “Ganga" and "Taj Mahal" are non-
living here.
Continuation/Defining: To give some a. I know Ravi whose father has been
additional information about the antecedent. teaching here.
1. My brother who is a doctor has gone to b. Every student should read Swami
Mathura. Vivekananda whose teachings influenced
Explanation: I have several brothers. many minds.
Explanation: “Ravi and Swami Vivekananda”
Use of “THAT” are living here.
1. We always use “that” with superlative
degrees Use of “AS”
E.g. a. Burj Khalifa is the tallest building that is Note: “As” is used as a Relative Pronoun, after
situated in the UAE. “same and such”
b. Mohan is the most intelligent student E.g. a. You should not visit such places as are
that got the first position in this deserted.
competition. b. You should avoid such boys as are
2. We use “that” if the following words are smokers.
used.
“everything, something, nothing, anything, Use of “WHAT”
few, a few, the few, little, a little, the little, Note: “What” is used as a Relative Pronoun if
all, none, the same, the such and the only” the antecedent is understood.
E.g. a. Rakesh is the only soldier that has served E.g. 1. What I have you can take all.
the nation. 2. What is your, will be mine.
b. All that glitters is not gold 3. What cannot be cured must be endured.
3. If two different antecedents are connected 4. what is done cannot be undone.
with a conjunction, always use ‘that’ as a
relative pronoun. Interrogative Pronoun:
E.g. a. I saw a boy and a dog that were playing “who, whom, which and what”
in the garden. E.g. a. Who are you thinking about?
(Don’t use who/which) b. Which is your classroom?
b. There were an old saint and a small hut c. About whom are you talking? / who are
that attracted me a lot. you talking about?
(Don’t use who/ which) d. What will all the neighbours say?
4. After interrogative pronouns who, what; e. What is the matter?
as, f. Whom do you want?
a. Who that saw her did not pity her. Interrogative pronouns are used in asking
b. Who am I that I should object? indirect questions?
c. What are that troubles you so much? a. I asked who was speaking.
d. What is there that I do not know. b. I don’t know who is there.
Which is used for both persons and things and
Use of “WHOSE / OF WHICH” it implies a limited number for selection.
E.g. a. This is our holy river Ganga the water of a. Which is your friend?
which is the symbol of purity. b. Which are your books?
b. I love the beauty of the “Taj Mahal” the c. Which of you has done this?
architect of which attracts millions of d. Which will you take?
foreigners every year.
What is used for things only? Reflexive/ Emphatic Pronoun
a. What have you found? “Myself, Ourselves, Yourself/ves, Himself,
b. What do you want? Herself, Oneself, Themselves, Itself, etc."
c. What was sweeter than honey? Usages:
1. Don’t put you into trouble by going to the
Demonstrative Pronoun forest. (Incorrect)
“This, that, these and those” Don’t put yourself into trouble by going to
Note: This and These for near. the forest. (Correct)
That and those for far. 2. Hunter killed himself a tiger in the forest.
E.g. a. These are beautiful flowers. (Incorrect)
b. This is interesting to read. Hunter himself killed a tiger in the forest
c. Baba Ramdev and Yogi Adityanath both (Correct)
are social workers. This is a politician and 3. Don’t underestimate himself too much
that is a yoga guru. (Incorrect)
Don’t underestimate yourself too much
Reciprocal Pronoun: (Correct)
Each other (for two) Explanation: Imperative sentence subject you is
One another (more than two) understood.
E.g. a. The manager and the members of his Rule1. We never use a reflexive or emphatic
office wished New Year to one another. pronoun as a subject or object of a sentence.
b. Ram and Sita live together. They are E.g. a. You and myself are going to visit a zoo
made for each other. tomorrow. (Incorrect)
c. Because of cold, his knees are striking to You and I are going to visit the zoo
each other. tomorrow. (Correct)
b. Let myself be a part of it. (Incorrect)
Indefinite Pronoun Let me be part of it. (Correct)
All Any Rule 2. We always use reflexive pronoun after
Anybody, Anyone the following verbs if there is no object.
Anything Everybody Absent Acquit
Everyone Everything Adapt Address
Few Many Amuse Apply
No one Nobody Avail of Enjoy
None Nothing Hurt Poison
One Others Present Pride
Some Somebody Resign Satisfy
Someone Something E.g. a. We enjoyed ourselves a lot at an
E.g. a. Everyone is doing his work carefully to amusement park. (Correct)
meet the challenges of life. b. Mr. Shyam pride himself on the result of
b. Everything is losing its value in this his daughter. (Correct)
world. c. Mohan enjoyed a comedy movie last
c. Some are born great. night. (Correct)
d. Few escaped unhurt. d. We enjoyed a lot at the party (Incorrect)
e. What is everybody’s business is “there is no object”
nobody’s business. Rule3. We never use reflexive pronoun after
the following verbs.
Bathe Dress
Keep Open
Sell Shave A. It was Coleridge and her
Undress Wash B. who came last night
E.g. a. Everyone shaves himself on Sunday C. and kept on knocking at the gate
(Incorrect) D. no error
b. Everyone shaves on Sunday (Correct) Answer: A
c. You should keep yourself from smokers. Solution: The error is in the part “A”. Use
(Incorrect) “Coleridge and she” in place of “Coleridge and
You should keep from smokers (Correct) her”. We always use subjective case after ‘be’
verbs (is/am/are/was/ were etc)
Distributive Pronoun 3. It was with great (A)/ difficulty that each
"Either, neither, and each, etc." of the brothers could get (B)/ their share
Structure: of property (C)/ No Error (D)
[Either/ neither/ each + of + noun/pronoun A. It was with great
(plural) + verb (singular) + possessive case B. difficulty that each of the brothers could
(singular)] get
Note: These pronouns are always followed by C. their share of property
the preposition "of" with plural nouns and D. no error
singular verbs and possessive case. Answer: C
E.g. a. Every one of the politicians has furnished Solution: The error is in the part “C”. Use “his”
his income tax details to the department. in place of “their”.
b. Each of the players practises hard to be 4. This is the only (A)/ one of Chetan
a part of the international team. Bhagat’s Novels (B)/ that have been
published till date (C)/ No Error (D)
Exclamatory Pronoun: A. This is the only
“We use "what a" as an exclamatory pronoun." B. one of Chetan Bhagat’s Novels
E.g. What a beautiful painting it is. C. that have been published till date
Directions: In the following questions, some D. no error
part of the sentence may have errors. Find out Answer: C
which part of the sentence has an error and Solution: The error is in the part “C”. Use “has”
select the appropriate option. If a sentence is in place of “have”.
free from error, select ‘No Error’. 5. Which cannot (A)/ be cured (B)/ must be
1. There should be (A)/ no misunderstanding endured (C)/ No Error (D)
(B)/ between your father and she (C)/ No A. Which cannot
Error (D) B. be cured
A. There should be C. must be endured
B. no misunderstanding D. no error
C. between your father and she Answer: A
D. no error Solution: The error is in the part “A”. Use
Answer: C “What” in place of “Which”. If there is no
Solution: The error is in the part ‘C’. Use “your antecedent we always use “What”
father and her” in place of “your father and 6. It is difficult (A)/ to say who is the better
she”. We always use objective case after of the (B)/ two politicians (C)/ No Error (D)
prepositions. Here “between” is working as a A. It is difficult
preposition. B. to say who is the better of the
2. It was Coleridge and her (A)/ who came C. two politicians
last night (B)/ and kept on knocking at the D. no error
gate (C)/ No Error (D) Answer: B
Solution: The error is in the part “B”. Use B. Ranjan’s first interview
“which” in place of “who”. We always use C. he dressed himself in his most formal suit
“which” for selection. D. no error
7. She is one of those persons whom (A)/ I Answer: C
am sure always does (B)/ their best even Solution: The error is in the part “C”. Remove
in the most tiring circumstances (C)/ No ‘himself”.
Error (D) 11. Mr. Washington, our representative, (A)/
A. She is one of those persons whom the director of a college he will attend the
B. I am sure always does meeting (B)/ on our behalf (C)/ No Error
C. their best even in the most tiring (D)
circumstances A. Mr. Washington, our representative,
D. no error B. the director of a college he will attend the
Answer: A meeting
Solution: The error is in the part “A”. Use “who” C. on our behalf
in place of “whom”. In the given sentence ‘does’ D. no error
is an extra verb to provide this verb a subject we Answer: B
have to use ‘who’ in place of ‘whom’ Solution: The error is in the part “B”. Remove
8. A body of (A)/ volunteers has been “he” it is superfluous. Because the subject of
organized to help the faculty (B)/ in their the sentence is “Mr. Washington”
attempt to raise funds (C)/ No Error (D) 12. Myself and William (A)/ will take care of
A. A body of the function (B)/ on Saturday (C)/ No
B. volunteers has been organized to help the Error(D)
faculty A. Myself and William
C. in their attempt to raise funds B. will take care of the function
D. no error C. on Saturday
Answer: C D. no error
Solution: The error is in the part “C”. Use “its” Answer: A
in place of “their”. Here in the sentence ‘a body Solution: The error is in the part “A”. Use
of volunteers’ is a collective noun and working “William and I” in place of “myself and William”.
collectively. So the possessive case should be We don’t make reflexive pronoun as a subject
singular. or object of a sentence.
9. Every one of the policemen on duty in (A)/ 13. One should make (A)/ his best efforts if
U.P. has given (B)/ a day’s pay as their one wishes to achieve (B)/ success in this
contribution to the martyrs (C)/ No Error organization (C)/ No Error(D)
(D) A. One should make
A. Everyone of the policemen on duty in B. his best efforts if one wishes to achieve
B. U.P. has given C. success in this organization
C. a day’s pay as their contribution to the D. no error
martyrs Answer: B
D. no error Solution: The error is in the part “B”. Use
Answer: C “one’s” in place of “his”.
Solution: The error is in the part “C”. Use “his” 14. The candidate has appealed (A)/ for
in place of “their”. donations from younger voters (B)/ who
10. As it was (A)/ Ranjan’s first interview (B)/ will be used to defray campaign expenses
he dressed himself in his most formal suit (C)/ No Error (D)
(C)/ No Error (D) A. The candidate has appealed
A. As it was B. for donations from younger voters
C. who will be used to defray campaign 18. These are the painstaking students (A)/ to
expenses that I have taught (C)/ English (C)/ No
D. no error Error (D)
Answer: C A. These are the painstaking students
Solution: The error is the part ‘C’. Use ‘which’ in B. to that I have taught
place of ‘who’. Here ‘who’ is used for voters but C. English
the sentence is discussing the meaning of D. No error
‘donations’ so the ‘Relative Pronoun’ ‘which’ is Answer: B
the right answer. Solution: The error is in the part ‘B’. Use ‘to
15. Ram will be suspended (A)/ because he whom’ in place of ‘to that’. We always use
opened an account without obtaining objective case after prepositions.
none (B)/ of the necessary documents (C)/ 19. Most of the people especially who (A)/
No Error (D) have committed the crime (B)/ are absent
A. Ram will be suspended today (C)/ No Error (D)
B. because he opened an account without A. Most of the people especially who
obtaining none B. have committed the crime
C. of the necessary documents C. are absent today
D. no error D. no error
Answer: B Answer: A
Solution: The error is in the part ‘B’. Remove Solution: The error is in the part ‘A’. Use
‘without’. In the given sentence ‘none’ is a ‘especially those who’ in place of ‘especially
negative word. So the use of ‘without’ shows who’. Every pronoun needs an antecedent. But
double negative which is not possible. especially is not an antecedent. So we should
16. He has lost (A)/ his note book and use a living antecedent here to satisfy ‘who’
compasses (B)/ as well as your (C)/No 20. All the employees including whom (A)/ I
Error(D) have appointed (B)/ have gone against me
A. He has lost (C)/ No Error (D)
B. his note book and compasses A. All the employees including whom
C. as well as your B. I have appointed
D. no error C. have gone against me
Answer: C D. no error
Solution: The error is in the part ‘C’. Use ‘yours’ Answer: A
in place of ‘your’. We should you possessive Solution: The error is in the part ‘A’. Use
pronoun here. Because possessive pronoun is ‘including those whom’ in place of ‘including
the combination of ‘possessive adjective + whom. We also need an antecedent here to
noun’ satisfy the Relative Pronoun ‘whom’
17. One of them who (A)/ are busy in 21. Ajay is a popular Bollywood actor (A)/ who
gambling (B)/ has given up one’s studies lives in Mumbai (B)/ who wants to help the
(C)/No Error (D) helpless (C)/ No Error(D)
A. One of them who A. Ajay is a popular Bollywood actor
B. are busy in gambling B. who lives in Mumbai
C. has given up one’s studies C. who wants to help the helpless
D. no error D. no error
Answer: C Answer: C
Solution: The error is in the part ‘C’. Use ‘his’ in Solution: The error is in the part ‘C’. Use ‘and’
place of (one’s). in place of ‘who’. If we use ‘who’ antecedent
will be ‘Mumbai’ which is not possible. To make 24. Both the girls (A)/ helped one another
the meaning clear we have to use ‘and’. when both of them (B)/ were in difficulty
22. Whenever is the matter (A)/ I shall do this (C)/ No Error(D)
work because I have to expose (B)/ my A. Both the girls
working capacity at any cost (C)/ No B. helped one another when both of them
Error(D) C. were in difficulty
A. Whenever is the matter D. no error
B. I shall do this work because I have to Answer: B
expose Solution: The error is in the part “B”. Use “each
C. my working capacity at any cost other” in place of “one another”.
D. no error 25. I and Shelley will proceed on a journey
Answer: A tomorrow (A)/ as it is an auspicious day (B)/
Solution: The error is in the part “A”. Use according to my uncle (C)/ No Error (D)
“Whatever” in place of “whenever”. We always A. I and Shelley will proceed on a journey
use relative pronoun “what” if there is no tomorrow
antecedent. B. as it is an auspicious day
23. Elizabeth has such a fine (A)/ memory that C. according to my uncle
she can recollect anything what (B)/ happened D. no error
many years ago (C)/ No Error(D) Answer: A
A. Elizabeth has such a fine Solution: The error is in the part “A”. Use
B. memory that she can recollect anything “Shelley and I” in place of “I and Shelley”. The
what sequence of Relative Pronoun in a sentence
C. happened many years ago should be (2,3,1) (Second person, Third person
D. no error and First person)
Answer: B
Solution: The error is in the part “B”. Use “that”
in place of “what”. Relative pronoun is used
according to the antecedent.
 ADJECTIVE
“Adjective is a word that is used to modify a Predicative: “If an adjective is used in
noun or pronoun” predicative part and not before a noun”
E.g. Sujata is an intelligent student. E.g. He is not well.
I watched a fantastic movie last night. You are fantastic.
Explanation: In the above sentences There are ten kinds of Adjectives
"intelligent" and "fantastic" are used as an 1. Proper Adjective
adjective to qualify “student” and “movie” 2. Adjective of Quality/descriptive
respectively. 3. Adjective of Quantity
Use of Adjectives 4. Adjective of Number
There are two places of adjectives in a 5. Demonstrative Adjective
sentence. 6. Distributive Adjective
a. Attributive 7. Possessive Adjective
b. Predicative 8. Interrogative Adjective
Attributive: “If an adjective is used before a 9. Emphatic Adjective
noun” 10. Participle Adjective
E.g. Mohan is a biased manager. 11. Exclamatory Adjective
There are red roses in the garden.

Proper Adjective:
“It is framed with Proper Noun”
Proper Noun Proper Adjective Proper Noun Proper Adjective
India Indian China Chinese
Switzerland Swiss Australia Australian
Africa African Nepal Nepalese
America American France French

E.g. Indian people are hard working. A lot of groundwater in Delhi and
They are not interested in American gold. N.C.R. is not potable.
Note: “Indian” and “American” are used as Adjective of Number:
Proper Adjectives. “It shows the number of a noun”
Adjective of quality: Key “how many”
“It shows colour, shape, origin, and size of a E.g. one, sixth, fifth, double, two, fifty-five,
noun” second, triple, seven, eleven, seventy, few,
E.g. I saw a strange man in the street. many, and some etc.
It is a beautiful morning. E.g. I have read many novels to improve my
Note: “strange” and “beautiful” are adjectives reading skills.
of quality. There are twenty chairs in the room.
Adjective of Quantity: There are two kinds of the adjective of number:
“It shows the quantity of a noun” a. Definite number
Key: “how Much” b. Indefinite number.
E.g. A good deal of, a great deal of, a large Definite number:
amount of, a large quantity of, some, lots It shows the certain number which is fixed. It is
of, a lot of and plenty of, etc. divided into two parts.
E.g. There is plenty of water on the moon. a. Ordinal number (first, second and
third……etc.)
b. Cardinal number (one, two, and Note: These adjectives are always followed by
three……etc.) a singular noun and singular verb.
Usages E.g. Each player has to start his practice by 7:30
1. We always use definite article "the" before am daily.
ordinal numbers. Neither poet has composed any interesting
E.g. India is the seventh-largest country in the piece of poetry.
world.
They were travelling in the last coach of Possessive Adjective:
this metro. E.g. My, our, your, his, her, its, and their.
2. If both “ordinal” and “cardinal” numbers Note: These adjectives are always followed by
are used in a sentence, we use “ordinal” a noun.
before “cardinal” E.g. They don’t like your sitting here.
E.g. The first two works of Shakespeare were A thief has stolen his diamond.
comedies.
The last three parts of this sequence are Interrogative Adjective:
not excellent. E.g. Whose, which and what etc. when they are
Indefinite number: used before a noun.
“It shows uncertain number” E.g. Which classroom is yours?
E.g. Some, few, all, certain, several, lots of, a lot What manner of man is he?
of and most, etc.
E.g. Some novels of the Romantic age are really Emphatic Adjective:
interesting. Very and own
I bought a few short stories. E.g. This is my own car.
I like this very colour.
Demonstrative Adjective: I saw it with my own eyes.
This, That, These, Those, Certain, a certain, such That is the very thing we want.
and such a, etc.
Note: We use the singular noun and singular Participle Adjective:
verb after "this" and "that". “If a verb qualifies a noun, is called a Participle
E.g. This novel was published in the summer Adjective”
last year. E.g. Children were happy to see a talking
Don’t be in such a hurry. parrot.
Certain students can prove themselves in I saw a bloomed flower in the garden.
the exams.
Note: We use plural nouns and plural verbs Exclamatory Adjective:
after "these" and "those". What genius!
E.g. Those students have applied for certain What folly!
competitive exams. What an idea!
What a piece of work is man!
Distributive Adjective:
E.g. Each, Every, Either and Neither.
 Degrees of comparison
Positive Comparative Superlative
Tall Taller Tallest
High Higher Highest
White Whiter Whitest
Wide Wider Widest
Sad Sadder Saddest
Red Redder Reddest
Easy Easier Easiest
Happy Happier Happiest
Gay Gayer Gayest
Gray Grayer Grayest
Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
Useful More useful Most useful
Good/ well Better best
Bad/ill/evil Worse Worst
Fore Former Foremost/first
Late Latter/ later Latest/last
Little Less/lesser Least
Much/many More Most
Old Older/elder Oldest/eldest
Nigh Nigher nighest/next
Fore Further Furthest

Positive degree: Comparative degree:

As………..as (it is used in affirmative sentences) We always use “than” after comparative
So………..as (it is used in negative sentences) degrees.
E.g. Ram will be as intelligent as his friend. E.g. Burj Khalifa is taller than any other building
Ravi won’t be so bad as Rakesh in the world.
E.g. No river in the world is as holy as the This novel is more readable than any other
Ganga. (W) novel in English literature.
No other river in the world is as holy as the Note: Comparison should be in the same
Ganga. (R) objects.
Explanation: “no + singular countable noun” E.g. The climate of Delhi is more polluted than
shows the context of all. Ganga is a river so it J&K (W)
should be separated from all the rivers to The climate of Delhi is more polluted than
diversify the objects. We should write “no that of J&K (R)
other” The plans of Bharti Airtel are more
E.g. No metal in the world is as expensive as economical than Reliance Jio. (W)
diamond (R) The plans of Bharti Airtel are more
Explanation: Here “diamond” is not a metal. economical than those of Reliance Jio. (R)
No other city in India is so polluted as Delhi (R) Note: a. we use article“the” with comparatives
(Don’t say “no city”) if they are used in grading measures.
E.g. a. The higher you go the cooler it gets.
The more you study the more confusion
you have.
 b. If the term of the two is mentioned, we E.g. He is senior and more intelligent than your
use article “the” before comparatives. manager. (W)
E.g. Marry is the wiser of the two poets. He is senior to and more intelligent than
Richard is the braver of the two warriors. your manager. (R)
Note: Use comparative degree with Half/
Superlative Degree: twice or thrice etc. use simile instead.
We always use article “the” before superlative 1. He is half wiser than you (incorrect)
degrees. He is half as wise as you (correct)
E.g. This is the easiest question of this book. 2. This box is twice heavier than that one
After getting selection you will be the (incorrect)
happiest person on the earth. This box is twice as heavy as that one
Rule: We always use “to” in place of “than” (Correct)
after the following adjectives. Note: The proper sequence of adjectives
Senior, junior, superior, inferior, anterior, [Size> shape > age >colour> quality > nationality
posterior, and preferable, etc. > material + noun]
E.g. My friend is senior than you (W) A. Classifying adjectives are used closer to a
My friend is senior to you (R) noun.
Coffee is more preferable than tea in India B. Noun modifiers are used the closest to the
(W) noun.
Coffee is preferable to tea in India(R) 1. They had a wooden old big round table (W)
Note: we never use more before preferable, it They had a big round old wooden table (R)
is a comparative word. 2. He is an old wise man (W)
Note: We never make comparative or He is a wise old man (R)
superlative of the following adjectives. Note: Always use positive degree after as; so;
Perfect, unique, brilliant, ideal, chief, singular, too; very and enough.
awesome, fantastic, whole, universal, fabulous, 1. It is too good (Don’t say Too better)
circular, angular, blind, dumb, deaf, etc. 2. You are enough tall (Don’t say enough
E.g. Mahatma Gandhi is the most ideal to taller)
everyone. (W)
Mahatma Gandhi is the ideal to everyone Use of Some Qualifiers
(R) Little/ a little/ the little “used for uncountable
This church is a more perfect example of nouns”
medieval architecture. (W) Little (not much/ hardly any)
This church is a perfect example of A little (some)
medieval architecture. (R) The little (not much but all)
Note: The following adjectives are used after E.g. I have little money so I cannot buy books.
the noun "attributively" A little knowledge is dangerous.
Afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, He met me on the way and I gave him the
awake and worth. little money that I had at that time.
E.g. I found a baby asleep Few/ a few/ the few “used for plural countable
The horse was alone in the field. (Don’t say nouns”
alone horse) Few (not many/ hardly any)
I have a novel worth reading. A few (some)
Note: If two adjectives require different The few (not many but all)
prepositions, appropriate prepositions should E.g. I have a few coins so I can help you.
be used. I read few novels last month because I was
too busy.
 Later (time) Solution: Option “B” is the right answer. Use
Latter (position) “better” in place of “good”. If two degrees are
E.g. We will discuss it later in the meeting. connected with a conjunction, we should use
Rahul Gandhi put his first step in Indian them properly.
politics later than Modi Ji. 2. The meeting was (A)/ postponed because
John and Shelley are friends. Latter only a few number of persons (B)/were
(Shelley) is a poet and former (John) is a present there (C)/No Error (D)
doctor. A. The meeting was
Elder (family) B. were present there
Older (person/ things) C. postponed because only a few number of
E.g. Ram is my elder brother. persons
Sohan is older than you D. no error
Eldest (family) Answer: C
Oldest (person/ things) Solution: Option “C” is the right answer. Use
E.g. Have you visited the oldest temple of “few number” in place of “a few number”.
Delhi? Few: Not many hardly any (few has a negative
Rohan is the eldest member of my family. meaning)
First (in position) A few: some
Foremost (famous) The few: not many but all there are.
E.g. I have read the first ode of P.B. Shelley. 3. In the opinion (A)/of everyone she is
Who is the foremost prime minister of his (B)/wiser than beautiful (C)/ No Error (D)
time? A. In the opinion
Good (adjective) B. of everyone she is
Well (adjective/adverb) C. wiser than beautiful
E.g. All the students are good (Adj.) D. no error
The patient is well (Adj.) Answer: C
This machine is not working well because Solution: Option “C” is the right answer. Use
of bad weather conditions. “more wise than” in place of “wiser than”. If
(Adverb) two qualities of a person are compared, we use
Latest (recent) ‘more’ and ‘than’ with positive degrees.
Last (position) 4. A businessman had to cut a sorry figure in
E.g. Have you got the latest news of India’s the restaurant (A)/when he realized that he
winning the innings? had no (B)/any money in his purse (C)/ No
I have read the last novel of Thomas Hardy. Error(D)
Directions: In the following questions, some A. A businessman had to cut a sorry figure in
part of the sentence may have errors. Find out the restaurant
which part of the sentence has an error and B. when he realized that he had no
select the appropriate option. If a sentence is C. any money in his purse
free from error, select ‘No Error’. D. no error
1. Queen Elizabeth is (A)/ good and more Answer: C
(B)/ beautiful than Marry (C)/ No Error (D) Solution: Option “C” is the right answer.
A. Queen Elizabeth is Replace “any” it is superfluous. In option “B”
B. good and more ‘no’ is an adjective so we cannot use “any” in
C. beautiful than Marry option “C” which is also an adjective. An
D. no error adjective cannot qualify an adjective.
Answer: B 5. Privatization offers the most ideal
situation (A)/ for consumers (B)/ because
 private sector is very conscious of quality D. No error
(C)/ No Error (D) Answer: B
A. Privatization offers the most ideal situation Solution: Option “B” is the right answer. Use
B. for consumers “better” in place of “best”. If two persons are
C. because private sector is very conscious of there, we should use comparative degree. Here
quality ‘than’ also gives you the clue for ‘better’
D. no error because ‘best than’ cannot be the right answer.
Answer: A 9. He is so lazy that he takes (A)/ a large
Solution: Option “A” is the right answer. number of time (B)/ to complete such a
Remove “most” from here. We don’t use more small piece of work (C)/ No Error (D)
and most before the following adjectives A. He is so lazy that he takes
because they are equal to superlative degrees. B. a large number of time
E.g. Perfect, ideal, unique, singular, whole, C. to complete such a small piece of work
singular, interior, exterior, fantastic, chief, D. no error
fabulous, awesome, blind, dumb and deaf etc. Answer: B
6. Of all other my (A)/ neighbours he is the Solution: Option “B” is the right answer. Use “a
kindest and (B)/ the most considerate to lot of or some” in place of “a large number of”.
others (C)/ No Error (D) “Time” is used like an uncountable noun here.
A. Of all other my We should use “number” with countable nouns
B. neighbours he is the kindest and only.
C. the most considerate to others 10. After he had read the two first chapters
D. no error (A)/ of the novel he felt like reading (B)/
Answer: A the novel at one sitting (C)/ No Error(D)
Solution: Option “A” is the right answer. A. After he had read the two first chapters
Remove “other” it is superfluous. We never use B. of the novel he felt like reading
other with superlative degrees because C. the novel at one sitting
superlative degrees make uniqueness of the D. no error
idea. We use other in comparative degrees. Answer: A
7. He has in his possession a (A)/ price Solution: Option “A” is the right answer. Use
collection of very old coins (B)/ and some “The first two” in place of “the two first”. We
ancient paintings (C)/ No Error (D) always use ordinal numbers (first/ second etc.)
A. He has in his possession a before cardinal numbers (one/two…. etc.)
B. price collection of very old coins 11. Although he is my bosom friend, (A)/ I
C. and some ancient paintings cannot ask him for (B)/ money without
D. no error any vividly reason (C)/ No Error (D)
Answer: B A. Although he is my bosom friend,
Solution: Option “B” is the right answer. Use B. I cannot ask him for
“priceless” in place of “price”. Here ‘price’ and C. money without any vividly reason
‘collection’ both words are nouns so a noun D. no error
cannot qualify a noun. Change ‘price’ noun into Answer: C
‘priceless’ which is an adjective. Solution: Option “C” is the right answer. Use
8. Justin’s performance in the (A)/ drama “vivid” in place of “vividly”. “Vivid” is an
was best than (B)/ Cleopetra’s but not as adjective which is used to qualify noun.
good as Nikita’s (C)/ No Error (D) “Vividly” is an adverb.
A. Justin’s performance in the And, “reason” is a noun which should be
B. drama was best than qualified with an adjective.
C. Cleopetra’s but not as good as Nikita’s
12. Some of the more best preserved pre- Solution: Option “A” is the right answer. Use
Columbian chaffs (A)/ dwelling in the “fewer” in place of “less”. Here “less” is the
United States (B)/ are located in Mesa comparative form of “little” which is used
Verde National park in Colorado (C)/ No before uncountable nouns. “Fewer” is the
Error (D) comparative form of “few” which is used before
A. Some of the more best preserved pre- countable nouns.
Columbian chaffs 16. Some people (A)/ consider wealth (B)/
B. dwelling in the United States superior than wisdom (C)/ No Error (D)
C. are located in Mesa Verde National park in A. Some people
Colorado B. consider wealth
D. no error C. superior than wisdom
Answer: A D. no error
Solution: Option “A” is the answer. Use “best” Answer: C
in place of “more best”. We cannot use more Solution: Option “C” is the right answer. Use
and superlative degree together. “to” in place of “than”. We always use “to” in
13. Louis Armstrong was (A)/ one of the most the place of “than” after the following
influence (B)/ and believed of all the jazz comparatives.
artists (C)/ No Error (D) E.g. Superior, inferior, senior, junior, anterior
A. Louis Armstrong was and posterior.
B. one of the most influence 17. The photograph will give the reader far
C. and believed of all the jazz artists better (A)/ impression of the structure
D. no error (B)/ than any verbal description (C)/ No
Answer: B Error (D)
Solution: Option “B” is the right answer. Use A. The photograph will give the reader far
“most influential” in place of “influence”. Use better
superlative degree of adjective. “Influence” is a B. impression of the structure
noun. C. than any verbal description
14. I like Faulkner (A)/ as well as or even best D. no error
(B)/ than I like Steinbeck (C)/ No Error(D) Answer: C
A. I like Faulkner Solution: Option “C” is the right answer. Use
B. as well as or even best “any other verbal” in place of “any verbal”. In
C. than I like Steinbeck the sentence “the photograph” is the verbal
D. no error description so have to distinguish it from other
Answer: B verbal descriptions.
Solution: Option “B” is the right answer. Use 18. The director decided to sanction any
“better” in place of “best”. In option “C” ‘than’ money (A)/ that was required for (B)/
suggests the idea that we should use completing the building (C)/ No Error (D)
comparative degree in place of superlative. A. The director decided to sanction any
15. There were no less (A)/ than forty boys money
(B)/ in the class when this happened (C)/ No B. that was required for
Error (D) C. completing the building
A. There were no less D. no error
B. than forty boys Answer: A
C. in the class when this happened Solution: Option “A” is the right answer. Use
D. no error “some” in place of “any”. “some” is an adjective
Answer: A used in affirmative sentences. “Any” is an
adjective used in negative sentence.
19. As sooner as (A)/ you reach the port (B)/ Solution: The error will be in the part “c”. Use
report to the desk officer (C)/ No Error (D) “better” in place of “best”. “Than” shows
A. As sooner as comparison. “More” is used for comparison.
B. you reach the port 23. The pirated (a) technology has not only
C. report to the desk officer created (b) strategic dangers but also
D. no error damaged economical interests (c) No
Answer: A Error(d)
Solution: Option “A” is the right answer. Use a. The pirated
“as soon as” in place of “as sooner as”. We b. technology has not only created
always use positive degree between [as…..as] c. strategic dangers but also damaged
and [so……as] economical interests.
20. I could not (A)/ remember story to tell the d. No error
students (B)/ so I made one up as I went along Answer: C
(C)/No Error (D) Solution: The error will be in the part “c”. Use
A. I could not “economic” in place of “economical”.
B. remember story to tell the students Economical- avoiding waste “an economical
C. so, I made one up as I went along meal”
D. no error Economic-relating to an economy “economic
Answer: B growth”
Solution: Option “B” is the right answer. Use 24. He is(a)as good if (b) not better than his
“any” before “story”. We use “any” in negative brother (c) No Error(d)
sentences. a. He is
21. I am sure that all (A)/ my monthly b. as good if
expenses (B)/ would exceed the income if c. not better than his brother
I don’t economize (C)/No Error (D) d. No error
A. I am sure that all Answer: B
B. my monthly expenses Solution: The error will be in the part “b”. Use
C. would exceed the income if I don’t “as good as” in place of “as good”. “Positive
economize degree” is always written with “as……as” in
D. no error. positive or “so…..as” in negative.
Answer. A 25. You can make (a) much profit even (b) of
Solution: Option “A” is the right answer. Use of little money you have left (c) No Error(d)
“all” is superfluous here. Here “monthly a. You can make
expenses” gives the idea of “all”. b. much profit even
22. Both Coleridge and Shelley are (a) c. of little money you have left
excellent workers (b) but the latter is best d. No error
than the former (c) No Error(d) Answer: C
a. Both Coleridge and Shelley are Solution: The error will be in the part “c”. Use
b. excellent workers “a little” in place of “little”. Because “little” is
c. but the latter is best than the former used for negative equal to nothing. “A little” is
d. No error used for ‘some’.
Answer: C
 Verb
“Verb is a word which shows an action, being Some intransitive verbs are: [appear, go, swim,
and happening” sleep, lie, come, arrive, reach, disappear, live,
E.g. They were working on this project [“were fall, rain, wait, cough. Happen, rise, work and
working” shows an action] expire]
There is a letter on the table [“is” shows c. Linking/ Be Verbs
being] [Is/am/are/was/were/be/been/being]
It is raining very hard [“is raining” shows [be/ become/ get/ grow/ feel/ smell/
happening] taste/ sound/ keep/ reach/ prove/ look/
Classification of verb seem/ appear/ stay/ turn/ remain etc.]
Verbs are divided into two parts Explanation: Linking verb is a kind of verb that
1. Primary verbs creates a link between noun and pronoun.
2. Secondary verbs E.g. He is one of the dominant politicians of this
1. Primary verbs: These verbs are divided town. [‘is’ linking verb]
into two parts I have a number of readable novels. [‘have’
i. Finite verb linking verb]
ii. Nonfinite verb d. Helping/ auxiliary verb:
2. Secondary verbs: Modals [can, could, may, [do/ does/did] + verb Ist
might …….etc] [is/am/are/was/were] + verb “ing”
Finite verb: “It depends on time and [has/have/had] + vIIIrd
subject of a sentence” [has been/have been/ had been] + verb +
E.g. A few students are studying and making ing
their future bright. [will/shall] + verb Ist
Explanation: See here “are” represents time. [will be/ shall be] + verb “ing”
Which is a finite verb? [ will have / shall have] + verb IIIrd
E.g. I have taken my lunch and listened to some E.g. I do not like to take part in such
old songs. competitions.
Explanation: In the given sentence "have" All the children were playing happily on the
represents the time which is a finite verb. beach.
Finite verbs are divided into four parts. They have beautified the garden.
a. Transitive verb All the candidates will be here on Monday.
b. Intransitive verb They will be composing new songs in the
c. Linking/ Be verb night.
d. Helping/ auxiliary verb Rakesh and Ramesh will have helped the
a. Transitive verb: This verb has object poor.
means with object Nonfinite verbs:
E.g. They play chess every night. 1. Participle
Explanation: Here “chess” is an object. 2. Infinitive
Note: if you ask the question with “whom and 3. Gerund
what” the answer will be the object. 1. Participle
b. Intransitive verb: This verb has no object a. It is a form of a verb that ends with
means without object [ed/en/ing]. It is used both as a verb and an
E.g. They play on the ground. adjective.
Explanation: There is no object “on the ground” E.g Watching a new serial he slept.
is an adverb phrase here. Children love dancing toys.
I saw a bloomed flowers.
a. Present participle. a. To wait seems foolish when decisive action
b. Past participle. is required.
c. Perfect participle b. To solve this question may be time-
a. Present participle: (v + ing) consuming.
E.g. Walking along the beach, I saw a few 2. Direct Object Of a Sentence
children. a. Some students choose to write an essay
Running on the road, I fell. on "India – China Relationship".
Working on this project, he collected a lot b. Everyone wanted to play here.
of information. 3. As a subject complement
Check the usages of Dangling Participle a. My dream is to score high.
E.g. Walking on the beach a dead body was b. It is essential to maintain a healthy
seen by me. (Incorrect) lifestyle.
While I was walking along the beach I was 4. As an Adjective
a dead body. (Correct) a. This is the best novel to read.
Walking along the beach I saw a dead b. I have some new dresses to iron.
body. (Correct) 5. As an Adverb
Explanation: In the first sentence the subject of a. We must carefully observe to understand.
waling is ‘dead body’ which is inappropriate so b. I can’t wait to see it.
to make this confusion clear and avoid Forms of Infinitive:
ambiguity rewrite the sentences as above [Active Forms]
mentioned. 1. Indefinite infinitive
b. Past participle (verb + ed /en/ d) a. I want to live here.
E.g. I saw a broken chair. b. They cannot afford to buy a car.
There were many bloomed flowers in the 2. Continuous infinitive
garden. a. I would like to be reading the whole day.
They met a defeated army. b. This machine seems to be working
Check the Usages properly.
E.g. I was a learned man in the meeting (Don’ 3. Perfect infinitive
say – ‘learnt man’) a. The boys seem to have discovered
There was a case of a sunken ferry. (Don’t something in the forest.
say- ‘sunk ferry’) b. I would like to have seen the Taj Mahal
Explanation: If past participle is used as an when I visited Agra.
adjective use (ed/en/e) with the past participle c. He pretended to have watched the
c. Perfect participle (having + V IIIrd) movie before.
E.g. Having accomplished my task, I went to 4. Perfect Continuous Infinitive
play cricket. a. The woman seemed to have been crying
Having taken lunch, they played melodious for two hours.
songs. b. My friend pretended to have been
2. Infinitive working hard all day.
An infinitive is always written with (to + V Ist) c. She appeared to have been waiting here
An infinitive is a kind of noun. Sometimes it can for a long time.
be used without "to" which is called a bare [Passive Forms]
Infinitive. [to be + past participle]
E.g. To err is human. E.g. Ram wants a letter to be written.
To walk is a good exercise. There was no work to be done, so we left.
Functions of an Infinitive. It is high time for the shops to be
1. The subject of a Sentence. decorated.
 [to have been + past participle] [let/ bid/ make/ help/ watch / notice/
E.g. Criminal admitted to have been arrested in see/know/hear etc.]
a bank robbery. E.g. Let him play [Active; don’t say “to play”]
Having been typed by the secretary, the Amitabh Bacchan made all the audience
letter was signed by the boss. weep in “Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gum”.
Note: Always use “infinitive” after the [Active; don’t say “to weep”]
following verbs. You should help the students prepare
Advise Allow Ask notes. [Active; don’t say “to prepare”]
Attempt Beg Begin Check the usages in Passive Voice
Care Choose Dare E.g. All the audience was made to weep in
Fail Forget Go "Kabhi Khushi Kabhi Gum” by Amitabh
Happen Hesitate Intend Bacchan. [Passive]
Learn Love Manage The students should be helped to prepare
Need Prefer Try notes by you. [Passive]
Want Wish Note: Use Infinitive without “to” after the
E.g. I advised him to practise hard. following words [but/ than/ and/ except/ as/
All children love to eat chocolate. or etc.]
They need to write an essay. Eg. He wants to come and talk to me [don’t say
Use of [ how + to + verb] “to talk”]
Note: When infinitive is used to express They had sooner stay than leave [don’t say
manner the full forms of the infinitive is "how “to stay and to leave”
to" the verbs implying manner/ method are She had nothing to eat except drink [don’t
[ask, discover, explain, forget, know, learn, say “to drink”]
remember, show, teach, wonder] Note: Use preposition after infinitive if
E.g. I don't know to operate a computer. (W) required.
I don't know how to operate a computer. E.g. I need a ball to write
(R) [say “to write with”]
Note: Use infinitive without “to” after the They want a big house to live [say “to live
following phrases. It is called the bare in”]
infinitive. Those days no airline was safe to travel
[Need not/ dare not/ would better/ would [say “to travel by”]
rather/ had better/ had rather/ do nothing but/ I have no novel to read [correct]
do something but/ do everything but/ why/ Note: Don't use any adverb after "to" in
why not] + V Ist Infinitives. It is called a split infinitive.
E.g. Students need not worry about their E.g. You are requested to carefully carry this
exams. [Don’t say “to worry”] item from the workshop. [Incorrect]
Villagers dare not come out at night. You are requested to carry this item
[Don’t say “to come”] carefully from the workshop. [Correct]
It would better read a new novel. 3. Gerund
[Don’t say “to read”] a. “Gerund” is written with [“V + ing”]
He did nothing but wander the whole day. b. It is a verb form that works as a noun. It is
[Don’t say “to wander] called "verbal noun"
Note: Use infinitive without “to” after the E.g. Walking is a good exercise. [Subject of a
following verbs in the active voice. It is called sentence]
the bare infinitive. Use Regular infinite with I love eating sweets. [Object of a sentence]
"to" in the passive voice. Despite missing the train, we arrived on
time. [Gerund after proposition]
They have a swimming pool in their back yard. We always use ‘gerund' after the following
[Gerund in compound noun] phrases.
Remember: Infinitives and Gerunds are easily Accustomed to Addicted to
replaceable. However, certain rules have to be Aim at Avers to
followed. See the examples. Can’t help Cannot bear
E.g. He stopped to smoke. [action to be done] Cannot help Confidence in
He stopped smoking. [Going on activity] Confident of Desirous of
Note: We always use “gerund” after the Devoted to Disposed to
following verbs. Go on Habituated to
Accuse Anticipate Insist on Looking forward to
Avoid Consider Object to Prohibited from
Defer Detest Prone to Refrain from
Dislike Enjoy With a view to [be+ used to]
Finish Forgive E.g. We are looking forward to becoming
Imagine Like officers. [Don’t say “to become]
Mind Pardon He is accustomed to going to play.
Postpone Practise [Don’t say “to go”]
Prefer Propose Note: The noun or pronoun before a Gerund
Regret Resent should be in the possessive case.
Resist Risk E.g. I don't like you wasting time. [Incorrect]
Start Stop I don’t like your wasting the time [Correct]
Worth My father does not like me going out at
E.g. He does not mind playing me here. night [Incorrect]
[Don’t say “to play”] My father does not like my going out at
We are enjoying watching a comedy night [Correct]
movie. [Don’t say “to watch] 2. Secondary verbs: Modals are used as
He is avoiding taking tea in the morning. secondary verbs.
[Don’t say “to take”]
 Modals
“A verb that is used to express the mood or b. How old she is? She could be over 40.
attitude is known as modals” c. To make an offer
Modals: a. Can I help you?
• Can b. Can I give you some money to help you?
• could Note: ‘Could’ is used to talk about the chances
• may that something will happen or is happening.
• might E.g. It could rain this afternoon. (Don’t say ‘can
• should rain’)
• would d. “Could” in Past
• must a. She could read when she was ten.
• ought to b. My grandmother could sing like an
• need angel.
e. Polite request (formal)
• dare
• used to
a) Could you please pass me the salt? ('would'
Note: "Need", "Dare" and "used to" are known
can also be used)
as semi-modals.
b) Could you please give me a thousand rupees
Note: Modals are “Defective verbs” because
for a month?
some parts wanting in them. They don’t have
Rule: [could + have + VIIIrd ] this form is used
s/es with third person singular.
for past ability while indicating that the action
Structures:
did not take place.
• subject + modals + verb Ist + object/
a. A servant could have revealed the secrets
compliment
to the police.
• subject + modals + have + VIIIrd +
b. Pulwama's attack could have been
object/ compliment
averted.
1. Use of CAN and COULD:
2. Use of MAY/ MIGHT
a. Ability (Knowledge/ Strength/ Skill/ Nature
a. Possibility:
/design)
I. It may rain tonight (possibility more than
a) Everyone here can speak Hindi as well as
60%)
English.
II. It might rain tonight (possibility less than
b) I can read Hindi but I can speak English.
(40% / remote possibility)
c) Those plants can grow anywhere.
b. Permission:
d) Mobile can’t be used like a laptop.
I. May I come in sir? (formal)
e) It can do 25 km per liter.
II. Can I come in? (informal)
f) The blind cannot see the beauty of this
c. Prayer or Wish:
world but they can observe everything.
I. May long live our mighty king!
g) She could pass the examination. (was
II. May every student enjoy all the luxuries
able to)
of this world!
He cannot be able to play cricket. (W)
d. Purpose:
But
I. All the students study hard so that they
a. He cannot play cricket (R)
may achieve their desired job.
b. He will not be able to play cricket. (R)
II. I went to the hospital so that I might visit
Note: Never use “able” with “can/could”
my ailing friend.
because both have the same meaning.
Rule: [ may/ might + have + VIIIrd ] : used to
b. Possibility:
express possibilities relating to the past actions.
a. Who is he? He could be her husband.
I. My father may/ might have left yesterday ( e. Strong possibility:
it is possible he left) I. It is nine. They must be live now.
II. Better he might have not revealed the II. it is thundering. There must be raining.
secret (the secret was revealed) f. Deduction:
3. Use of SHOULD: I. One of my neighbours has a big car. He
a. Duty/ obligation: must be rich.
I. You should reach the office on time daily. II. She reads a lot. She must be a learned
II. Promises should be kept. scholar.
b. Purpose 6. Ought to:
I. Walk carefully lest you should fall. a. Duty of moral obligation:
II. Every student should make notes I. Everyone should serve the motherland
properly lest you should be confused in an without fail.
exam. II. You ought to take light food at night to
c. Condition: [“should” can be used to become slim.
replace “if”] Rule: [ought to + have + VIIIrd] expresses the
I. Should you play well, you will be past action that was not fulfilled and neglected.
selected. I. You ought to have taken care of your
OR parents.
If you play well, you will be selected. II. You ought to have attended the wedding
Rule: [ should + have + VIIIrd ] used to express of your best friend.
obligation in the past. (non-action) 7. Use of Used to / would:
I. You should have stood by the government a. To denote habitual action or past routines:
said nation to the opposition (but I. I used to go to the temple.
opposition is not) II. My friend did not use to play football.
II. My friends should have been at the party. III. She would go out in the evening.
[But he is not there] b. “used to” is also used as an adjective with
4. Use of would “present participle”
I. We often use 'would' to make requests. It I. She is used to reading novels at night.
is a more polite and indirect form of will. II. He will be used to making presentations.
a. Will you prepare dinner. (Direct) 8. Need/ Dare “semi modals”
b. Would you prepare dinner? (Less direct) Note: They can be used both as main verbs and
II. We use 'would' to talk about the future in modals.
the past. The speaker looks forward in time Structure: Subject + main verb + object
from a point in the past [Affirmative]
a. When I was young I thought that in years Subject + helping verb + not + main verb +
to come I would be tall. object [Negative]
b. When I broke my leg, I thought I would Helping verb + subject + not + main verb +
never dance again. object? [Interrogative]
5. Use of MUST: Note: "Need"/ "Dare" are used as the main
c. Necessity or Obligation: verb in an affirmative sentence. But used as a
I. Everyone has to follow instructions helping verb (modals) in negative or
which are written on the first page of the interrogative sentences.
brochure. E.g. He needs to work hard to get selection
II. It is getting late, I must leave now. [main verb]
d. Order: Villagers dare to go out in the forest at
I. You must not write with a red ball pen. night. [main verb]
II. They must not go out after eight p.m.
 He need not worry about his exams. 15. Deprecate (Verb) – Depreciate (Verb)
[modals] 16. Envelop (Verb) – Envelop (Noun)
One of them dare not go out at night. 17. Excite (Verb) – Incite Excite (Verb)
[modals] 18. Flout (Verb) – Flaunt Flout (Verb)
How dare you touch me? [modals] 19. Hoard (Verb) – Horde (Noun)
Rule: [Need not + have + VIIIrd ] expresses an 20. Loathe (Verb) – Loath (Adj.)
action that was not necessary but was 22. Mitigate (Verb) – Militate (Verb)
performed. 23. Pour (Verb) – Pore (Noun)
I. Shobhit need not have attended the 24. Proceed (Verb) – Precede (Verb)
meeting yesterday. 25. Pray (Verb) – Prey (Verb)
27. Censure (Verb) – Censor (Verb)
CONFUSED WITH VERB/NOUN/ADJECTIVE 28. Wave (N/V) – Waive (Verb)
1. Practise (Noun) – Practise (Verb) 31. Defuse (Verb) – Diffuse (Verb)
2. Advice (Noun) – Advise (Verb) 32. Desert (N/V) – Dessert (Noun)
3. Complain (Verb) – Complaint (Noun) 35. Light (Noun) – Burn (Verb/Noun)
4. Affect (Verb) – Effect (Noun/Verb) 36. Catch (V/N) – Hold (Verb/Noun)
6. Hear (Verb) – Listen (Verb) 37. Canvass (Verb) – Canvas (Noun)
7. Heal (Verb) – Heel (Noun) 39. Peddle (Verb) – Pedal (Noun/Verb)
8. Prescribe (Verb) – Proscribe (Verb) 40. Ride (Noun/Verb) – Drive (Verb/Noun)
10. Allude (Verb) – Elude (Verb) 42. Sink (Verb) – Drown (Verb)
11. Amend (Verb) – Emend (Verb) 43. Cease (Verb) – Seize (Verb)
13. Compose (Verb) – Comprise (Verb) 44. Invent (Verb) – Discover (Verb)
14. Deface (Verb) – Efface (Verb)

BASE FORM SIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE

Accept Accepted Accepted
Achieve Achieved Achieved
Add Added Added
Admire Admired Admired
Admit Admitted Admitted
Adopt Adopted Adopted
Advise Advised Advised
Agree Agreed Agreed
Allow Allowed Allowed
Announce Announced Announced
Appreciate Appreciated Appreciated
Approve Approved Approved
Argue Argued Argued
Arrive Arrived Arrived
Ask Asked Asked
Assist Assisted Assisted
Attack Attacked Attacked
Bake Baked Baked
Beg Begged Begged
Behave Behaved Behaved
Boil Boiled Boiled
Borrow Borrowed Borrowed
Brush Brushed Brushed
Bury Buried Buried
Call Called Called
Challenge Challenged Challenged
Change Changed Changed
Chase Chased Chased
Cheat Cheated Cheated
Cheer Cheered Cheered
Chew Chewed Chewed
Clap Clapped Clapped
Clean Cleaned Cleaned
Collect Collected Collected
Compare Compared Compared
Complain Complained Complained
Confess Confessed Confessed
Construct Constructed Constructed
Control Controlled Controlled
Copy Copied Copied
Count Counted Counted
Create Created Created
Cry Cried Cried
Cycle Cycled Cycled
Damage Damaged Damaged
Dance Danced Danced
Deliver Delivered Delivered
Destroy Destroyed Destroyed
Divide Divided Divided
Drag Dragged Dragged
Earn Earned Earned
Employ Employed Employed
Encourage Encouraged Encouraged
Enjoy Enjoyed Enjoyed
Establish Established Established
Estimate Estimated Estimated
Exercise Exercised Exercised
Expand Expanded Expanded
Explain Explained Explained
Fry Fried Fried
Gather Gathered Gathered
Greet Greeted Greeted
Guess Guessed Guessed
Harass Harassed Harassed
Hate Hated Hated
Help Helped Helped
Hope Hoped Hoped
Identify Identified Identified
Interrupt Interrupted Interrupted
Introduce Introduced Introduced
Irritate Irritated Irritated
Joke Joked Joked
Jump Jumped Jumped
Kick Kicked Kicked
Kill Killed Killed
Kiss Kissed Kissed
Laugh Laughed Laughed
Lie Lied Lied
Like Liked Liked
Listen Listened Listened
Love Loved Loved
Marry Married Married
Measure Measured Measured
Move Moved Moved
Murder Murdered Murdered
Need Needed Needed
Obey Obeyed Obeyed
Offend Offended Offended
Offer Offered Offered
Open Opened Opened
Paint Painted Painted
Park Parked Parked
Phone Phoned Phoned
Pick Picked Picked
Play Played Played
Pray Prayed Prayed
Print Printed Printed
Pull Pulled Puled
Punch Punched Punched
Punish Punished Punished
Purchase Purchased Purchased
Push Pushed Pushed
Question Questioned Questioned
Race Raced Raced
Relax Relaxed Relaxed
Remember Remembered Remembered
Reply Replied Replied
Retire Retired Retired
Return Returned Returned
Rub Rubbed Rubbed
Scold Scolded Scolded
Select Selected Selected
Smoke Smoked Smoked
Snore Snored Snored
Stare Stared Stared
Start Started Started
Study Studied Studied
Talk Talked Talked
Thank Thanked Thanked
Travel Travelled Travelled
Trouble Troubled Troubled
Type Typed Typed
Use Used Used
Visit Visited Visited
Wait Waited Waited
Walk Walked Walked
Want Wanted Wanted
Warn Warned Warned
Wink Winked Winked
Worry Worried Worried
Yell Yelled Yelled

Directions: In the following questions, some 3. He is rich today (A)/ but he appears (B)/ to
part of the sentence may have errors. Find out be poor in the past (C)/ No Error (D)
which part of the sentence has an error and A. He is rich today
select the appropriate option. If a sentence is B. but he appears
free from error, select ‘No Error’. C. to be poor in the past
1. The government has the obligation (A)/ to D. No Error
provide basic infrastructure facilities (B)/ Answer: C
to regulating the process of urbanization in Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
the country (C)/ No Error (D) “to have been poor” in place of “to be poor”.
A. The government has the obligation 4. The scientists claim (A)/ to discover cure
B. to provide basic infrastructure facilities for AIDS (B)/ and the medicine will be put
C. to regulating the process of urbanization in on sale very soon (C)/ No Error (D)
the country A. The scientists claim
D. No Error B. to discover cure for AIIDS
Answer: B C. and the medicine will be put on sale very
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use soon
“to regulate” in place of “to regulating. We D. No Error
always use [ to + v1st]. It is called infinitive. Answer: B
2. The biggest health burden that India (A)/ Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
is set to face in the coming years (B)/ is “to have discovered” in place of “to discover”.
tackle cancer. (C)/No Error (D) 5. I always resent (A)/ my brother
A. The biggest health burden that India wandering (B)/ about and doing nothing
B. is set to face in the coming years (C)/ No Error (D)
C. is tackle cancer. A. I always resent
D. No Error B. my brother wandering
Answer: C C. about and doing nothing
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use D. No Error
“is to tackle” in place of “is tackle”. “Be” verbs Answer: B
always take either infinitive or present Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
participle after it. “brother’s wandering” in place of “brother
wandering”. We need apostrophe [‘s] to show 10. Why the army (A)/insist so much (B)/ on
brother’s possession over ‘wandering’ discipline? (C)/ No Error (D)
6. You are requested (A)/ to carefully carry A. Why the army
the bag (B)/ because it contains fragile B. insist so much on discipline?
material (C)/ No Error (D) C. on discipline?
A. You are requested D. No Error
B. to carefully carry the bag Answer: A
C. because it contains fragile material Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
D. No Error “Why does army” in place of “why army”. It is
Answer: B an interrogative sentence.
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use 11. No one has (A)/ or can prove (B)/ the
“to carry the bag carefully” in place of “to existence of God (C)/ No Error (D)/
carefully carry the bag”. We should not use any A. No one has
adverb between “to” and “verb Ist”. it is called B. or can prove
split infinitive. C. the existence of God
7. Last night she (A)/ intended (B)/ to have D. No Error
left (C)/ No Error (D) Answer: A
A. Last night she Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
B. Intended “has proved or” in place of “has or”. Main verb
C. to have left is missing here. If two helping verbs are
D. No Error connected with a conjunction and both demand
Answer: C the different main verbs, we use main verbs
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use twice.
“to leave” in place of “to have left”. 12. Teacher is making (A)/ every boy and girl
8. Those who have no house (A)/ to live (B)/ to write essays (C)/ no error (D)
should be provided (B)/ with A. Teacher is making
accommodation (C)/ No Error (D) B. every boy and girl
A. Those who have no house C. to write essays.
B. to live should be provided D. No error
C. with accommodation Answer: C
D. with accommodation Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
Answer: B “write” in place of “to write”. We always use
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use infinitive without “to” after the following verbs.
“to live in” in place of “to live”. We need a It is known as bare infinitive.
purpose preposition after ‘live’ because 13. Teacher said to the (A)/ students that they
sentence does not provide complete meaning. were (B)/ looking forward to be officers
9. He is (A)/ extremely desirous (B)/ to be (C)/ no error (D)
educated (C)/ No Error (D) A. Teacher said to the
A. He is B. students that they were
B. extremely desirous C. looking forward to be officers.
C. to be educated D. No error
D. No Error Answer: C
Answer: C Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use “to being” in place of “to be”.
“of being” in place of “to be”. We always use 14. The firemen could not (A)/ succeed in
“gerund” after prepositions and a few verbs rescue the child although they (B)/ could
have their own prepositions. put out the fire. (C)/ No Error (D)
A. The firemen could not A. I am looking forward
B. succeed in rescue the child although they B. to meet
C. could put out the fire C. you soon
D. no error D. no error
Answer: B Answer: B
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
“in rescuing” in place of “in rescue”. We always “to meeting” in place of “to meet”.
use “V+ing” after prepositions except “to”. 19. My friend cannot afford (A)/ for buying
15. Being a cold morning, (A)/ I decided not pens this time because (B)/ they are very
(B)/ to go for my morning walk. (C)/ No Error expensive. (C)/ No Error (D)
(D) A. My friend cannot afford
A. Being a cold morning, B. for buying pens this time because
B. I decided not C. they are very expensive
C. to go for my morning walk. D. no error
D. no error Answer: B
Answer: A Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use “to buy” in place of “for buying”.
“It being” in place of “being”. This is the use of 20. To arrive at a decision (A)/ all the
“Present Participle”. The first verb “being” interesting parties should be invited (B)/
doesn’t have a clear subject so provide it with a and involved in discussion. (C)/ No Error
subject we use “It” as a introductory pronoun. (D)
16. He being the best (A)/ student in the class A. To arrive at a decision
Nitin was chosen (C)/ to participate in the B. all the interesting parties should be invited
competition (C)/ No Error (D) C. and involved in discussion
A. He being the best D. no error
B. student in the class Nitin was chosen Answer: B
C. to participate in the competition Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
D. no error “Interested” in place of “interesting”. Here
Answer: A context defines the ‘Past Participle’ because
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use parties which already have interest only those
“being” in place of “he being’. In the given are invited. Hence “interested” is the correct
sentence “Nitin” is the main subject of the answer.
sentenced so the use of “he” in the part “A” is 21. Rakesh does not (A)/ know to swim (B)/
superfluous. so he is afraid of water. (C)/ No Error (D)
17. Having his breakfast finish (A)/ he rushed A. Rakesh does not
quickly to the station to receive (B)/ the B. know to swim
honouarble guests. (C)/ No Error (D) C. so he is afraid of water
A. Having his breakfast finish D. no error
B. he rushed quickly to the station to receive Answer: B
C. the honouarble guests. Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
D. no error “know how to swim” in place of “know to
Answer: A swim”. “know” always takes adverb of manner
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use “how” after it to show the manner of the action.
“finished” in place of “finish”. We always use “V 22. The chairman has refused (A)/ not to
IIIrd” after “having”. sanction the required funds (B)/ for the
18. I am looking forward (A)/ to meet (B)/ you project. (C)/ No Error (D)
soon. (C)/ No Error(D) A. The chairman has refused
B. not to sanction the required funds A. During the course of the exhibition,
C. for the project B. the old man who was
D. no error C. looking unusually cheerful kept on take
Answer: B notes
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use D. no error
“to sanction” in place of “not to sanction”. Here Answer: C
use of “not” is superfluous. Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
23. A customer usually (A)/ goes to a bank to “on taking” in place of “on take”. We always use
deposit, withdraw money (C)/ or applies “gerund” after prepositions.
for loans. (C)/ No Error (D) 25. To be a king and (A)/ wear a crown are
A. A customer usually more glamorous to (B)/ see than to bear.
B. goes to a bank to deposit, withdraw money (C)/ No Error (D)
C. or applies for loans A. To be a king and
D. no error B. wear a crown are more glamorous to
Answer: C C. see than to bear
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use D. no error
“apply” in place of “applies”. In the given Answer: C
sentence all the verbs are connected with a Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
conjunction should be in the same form either “than bear” in place of “than to bear”. If two
‘gerund’ or ‘infinitive’. infinitives are connected with “and/than/but”
24. During the course of the exhibition, (A)/ the second infinitive is written without “to”.
the old man who was (B)/ looking
unusually cheerful kept on take notes.
(C)/ No Error(D)
 ADVERB
“Adverb is a word that can qualify all the parts (which shows how much, or to what
of speech but Noun, Pronoun, and Interjection" degree or to what extent).
E.g. One of those students writes beautifully E.g. [too, any, almost, fully, quite, very, rather,
“Beautifully” qualifies the verb “write” enough, show, pretty, as…. as]
E.g. This coffee is rather hot. 1. He was too careless.
“Rather” qualifies the adjective “hot” 2. These mangoes are almost ripe.
E.g. This driver drives very fast. f. Adverb of affirmation and negation.
“Very” qualifies the adverb “fast” [Adverb of Affirmation: probably, surely,
E.g. There is a thief exactly behind the tree. clearly, definitely, doubtlessly, exactly,
“exactly” qualifies the preposition truly, obviously, certainly]
“behind” [Adverb of Negation: Never, scarcely, no
E.g. He had cleaned his room just before his longer]
father came. 1. Ram and Mohan can probably go there.
“Just” qualifies the conjunction “before”. 2. We are leaving tomorrow.
KINDS OF ADVERB 3. He contradictorily did the correct thing.
There are three kinds of an adverb. g. Adverb of Reason
1. Simple Adverb [hence, therefore, so, since, thus,
2. Interrogative Adverb because, consequently, lest, etc. ]
3. Relative Adverb. 1. He is hence unable to refute the charge.
1. Simple Adverb: 2. He, therefore, left the school.
a. Adverb of time (when) Note: these adverbs are always used in
E.g. Today, yesterday, in the morning, last Present indefinite
night, and at dawn, etc. 2. Interrogative adverbs
1. We knew this knew before. When, where, why, and how.
2. They called us a few days ago. E.g. Where do you live in this city?
3. We will meet tomorrow. How did students solve those difficult
b. Adverb of place (where) questions?
E.g. In the garden, by the river, upstairs, in the 3. Relative Adverb: this adverb works as a
pool and on the highway, etc. conjunction also.
1. Go there, my friend. When, where, how and why.
2. There are not in. E.g. Tell me where my friend lives.
3. He is up. Henry wanted to know how they had
c. Adverb of manner (how) attacked his kingdom.
E.g. Carefully, perfectly, beautifully and Note: a. both interrogative and relative adverbs
enthusiastically, etc. are the same but usages are different.
1. All the Rajpoots fought bravely. b. after “Relative adverbs” always use an
2. He writes beautifully. assertive sentence (subject + helping verb +
d. Adverb of frequency (how many) main verb)
E.g. Daily, always, usually, generally, regularly, Position of adverb
irregularly, seldom, hardly, and scarcely, An adverb can be placed at three positions in a
etc. sentence.
1. I have told you twice. 1. Front position
2. He comes here daily. 2. Mid position
e. Adverb of Degree or quantity. 3. End position
Front position: It is used before the subject in a Explanation: Here “with the proper care”
sentence. [Manner]
E.g. Fortunately, I escaped in that accident. “at his home” [Time]
Suddenly, the phone rang. A famous politician delivered a moti
Maybe, he is going to open a new branch. vational speech in our school last week.
Mid position: It is used after the subject and Explanation: Here “in our school” [Place]
before the main verb. “last week” [Time]
If helping verb is there. It is used after the 2. Place, Manner, and Time (PMT)
helping verb and before the main verb. Note: sequence (PMT) is used with the
Note: Adverbs of frequency, negation, and following verbs only.
certainty are mostly used at mid position. Come, go, enter, arrive, reach, sleep and
E.g. They seldom talk to each other. swim, etc.
He was probably late for the interview. E.g. Mohan entered the class silently last week.
He is not going to play cricket. 3. Place, Frequency, and Time (PFT)
He will have not tried to allure us for the E.g. My friend visited this temple twice a week
next meeting. (W) last month.
He will not have tried to allure us for the Note: Adverb “as” should be used after
next meeting (R) the following verbs.
End/ Last position: If the adverb is used [describe, define, know, regard, treat, view]
after the main verb. E.g. He is known as the leader of this locality.
E.g. One of them plays fast. Note: Adverb "as" should be avoided after the
He lives here. following verbs.
Note: If adverb of manner, time, and place are [appoint, call, consider, choose, make, name,
used at the end position. Use the following think]
sequences. E.g. He is chosen a candidate.
1. Manner, Place and Time (MPT)
E.g. The manager of this bank keeps all the
confidential files properly at his home
 Inversion
“Inversion means putting the verb before the Use of Modifiers
subject to create emphasis” 1. Use of “too” (more than enough)
E.g. Hardly had I reached there when they a. adjective/ adverb “ it is used to express bad
started to shout. qualities”
There are two kinds of inversions a. It is too cold in Shimla nowadays.
1. Partial Inversion b. After this center's decision, the price of
2. Complete Inversion. such commodities is too high.
Partial Inversion: Putting the helping verb c. This piece of land is too small to start any
before the subject. factory.
E.g. Hardly had he opened the box. d. I realized my mistake too late.
Complete Inversion: Putting the main verb e. Some students are too weak in English.
before subject f. He is too rich to buy a new car (W)
E.g. Here comes my bus! g. God is too merciful to me (W)
Usages h. God is very merciful to me (R)
1. If a sentence starts with “hardly, scarcely, b. “too” has the meaning of (also and in
seldom, rarely, barely, no sooner, here, addition to)
there, away, outdoor, indoor, up and a. He lost his money and relations too.
never, etc." always use inversion. b. Now the problem affects middle-class
E.g. No sooner did he deliver his speech than children too.
everyone started shouting. 2. Use of very: (adjective / adverb)
Hardly had he started to play when it a. Very is a simple intensifier, without any
started raining. other meaning.
2. If a sentence starts with “only” a. The house was very small
E.g. Only by taking a risk, he saved the life of an b. A few boys are very dull
accident victim (W) c. We finished the job very quickly.
Only by taking a risk did he save the life of b. Very + present participle. (ing word)
an accident victim(R) a. I have a very interesting novel to read.
3. With the expressions of “no” (don’t say much interesting)
At no time, under no circumstances, in no c. Very + past participle ( –ed words)
way, on no account, on no condition. “when past participle shows the state of
E.g. Under no circumstances will they do the mind or emotional condition"
work. a. I was very bored.
4. if a sentence starts with an adverb phrase b. She was very frightened.
of place. c. You seem very interested in everything
E.g. Up the hill, a grand temple is situated. (W) d. John must have been very worried about
Up the hill is a grand temple situated. (R) her wife.
5. in a conditional sentence. d. Very + positive degrees.
If I were a king. (R) a. You are very good
Were I a king. (R) b. This tree is very tall
6. Use of inversion can also be seen after e. The + Very + superlative degree ends with
“neither”, “nor” and “so”. (ist)
E.g. My friend works hard. So do I. a. You are the very best student.
Ram went to watch a movie. So did Rakesh. b. We must deal with the very worst crime
You don’t like dogs. Neither do I. in the city.
But: don't use very with the superlative degree 7. Use of ‘shortly’
that begins with the most. a. Going to happen soon
a. He is very the most handsome boy. (W) a. They should be returning shortly
b. He is much the most handsome boy (R) OR Note: “don’t use shortly that something lasts
(by far the most handsome boy/ far and away or is done for a short time”
from the most handsome boy) a. They told them shortly what had
3. Use of Much: happened. (W)
a. Much + comparative degree. b. They told them briefly what had happened.
a. She is much more beautiful than her (R)
sister. 8. Use of hard/ hardly
b. The air is much hotter today than that a. Hard (adjective/ adverb) with full force.
day. a. this metal is hard.
b. Much +the + superlative degree: b. they have to work hard to scale this hill.
a. You are much the best student. b. Hardly (almost not)
c. Much + past participle a. He hardly talks to anyone in the class.
a. I have a much interested novel 9. Coldly /coolly
b. You are much annoyed at her behavior. a. Coldly (in a cold unemotional manner)
4. Use of (too much / much too) a. he welcomes us coldly on every
a. Too much + noun occasion.
b. Much too + adjective. b. Coolly (in a calm way)
a. He has too much difficulty a. Our manager deals with every problem
b. He is much too jealous. coolly.
5. Use of “enough” Directions: In the following questions, some
a. Enough + noun. part of the sentence may have errors. Find out
b. Adjective/ adverb + enough. which part of the sentence has an error and
a. I have enough money. select the appropriate option. If a sentence is
b. This car is expensive enough free from error, select ‘No Error’.
c. Everyone works enough to survive. 1. In this world everyone (a) wants to act
c. Enough of + determiners (a, the, my, this, nobler (b) than his companions (c) no
that, etc.) error (d)
Enough of + noun (pl) + verb (pl) a. In this world everyone
Enough of + noun (s) + verb (s) b. wants to act nobler
a. I don’t understand enough the words in c. than his companions
the letter. (W) d. no error
b. I don’t understand enough of the words Answer: B
in the letter. (R) Solution: the error is in the part “b”. Use “more
c. Enough of those shapes have been nobly” in place of “nobler”.We need an adverb
collected. to qualify a verb.
d. There is enough cake for everyone. 2. Family behaved to him as (a) blunt as they
6. Use of Presently can (b) but he showed no concern (c) no
a. Use to mean 'soon error (d)
a. My friend will be here presently a. Family behaved to him as
b. I shall have no more to say presently b. blunt as they can
b. Use to mean ‘now’ c. but he showed no concern
a. He is presently a doctor is a famous d. no error
hospital of N.C.R. Answer: B
Solution: the error is in the part “b”. Use is working as an adverb it should be placed after
“bluntly” in place of “blunt”. Here we need an verb and adjective.
adverb to qualify a verb “behaved” 7. English is (a) much difficult but History (b)
3. To be the most (a) successful man in is very easy (c) no error (d)
society you (b) should work as good as a. English is
you can (c) no error (d) b. Much difficult but History
a. To be the most c. Is very easy
b. Successful man in society you d. No error
c. Should work as good as you can Answer: B
d. No error Solution: the error is in the part “b”. Use “very”
Answer: C in place of “much”. “very” is used before
Solution: the error is in the part “c”. Use “well” positive degrees and “much” is used before
in place of “good”. Here we need an adverb to comparative degrees.
qualify a verb “Work” 8. This is very the best content (a) of this
4. Never in the history of (a) India there has book that (b) I read (c) no error (d)
been a well (b) versed a man as Chanakya a. This is very the best content
(c) no error (d) b. Of this book that
a. Never in the history of c. I read
b. India there has been a well d. No error
c. Versed a man as Chanakya Answer: A
d. No error Solution: the error is in the part “a”. Use “the
Answer: B very best” in place of “very the best”. The right
Solution: The error is in the part “b”. Use “has constructions are (the + very + superlative
there” in place of “there has”. This is the degrees) (much + the + comparative degrees)
construction of inversion. If a sentence starts 9. If anyone of you wants to (a) secure the
with (hardly, scarcely, seldom, never, rarely first position in this exam (b) then they
etc.) we use inversion. have to work hardly (c) no error (d)
5. He says to (a) everyone that God is too a. If anyone of you wants to
kind (b) to him in every respect (c) no b. Secure the first position in this exam
error (d) c. So they have to work hardly
a. He says to d. No error
b. Everyone that God is too kind Answer: C
c. To him in every respect Solution: The error is in the part “c”. Use “hard”
d. No error in place of “hardly”. “hardly” is a negative word.
Answer: B 10. It was barely (a) five years ago since (b) he
Solution: The error is in the part “b”. Use “very” came here (c) no error (d)
in place of “too”. Because “kind” is a positive a. It was barely
adjective. b. five year ago since
6. He was enough good (a) to help anyone c. He came here
(b) of them (c) no error (d) d. No error
a. He was enough good Answer: B
b. To help anyone Solution: The error is in the part “b”. Use “that”
c. Of them in place of “since”. We use “that clause” after
d. No error ‘ago’.
Answer: A 11. A number of (a) players play and (b)
Solution: the error is in the part “a”. Use “good practise seldom (c) no error (d)
enough” in place of “enough good”. If “enough” a. A number of
b. Player play and 15. Officer knew that (a) he eventually would
c. Practise seldom (b) yield to him and confess the crime. (c)
d. No error No error (d)
Answer: C A. Officer knew that
Solution: The error is in the part “c”. The B. he eventually would
position of “seldom” is not correct. It should be C. yield to him and confess the crime
place before main verbs. Adverb of frequency is D. No error
used at the mid position before main verbs. Answer: B
12. A student said that the (a) examination Solution: The error is in part (b) of the sentence.
was tough and added that (b) he could not “eventually” here is an adverb which should
answer questions enough to clear it. (c) come before “he” as it is qualifying the whole
No error (d) sentence “he would yield to him…”
A. A student said that the 16. Dhruv is almost quite competent for the
B. examination was tough and added that post (a) of head boy so when (b) given a
C. he could not answer questions enough to chance he will lead the students. (c) No
clear it error (d)
D. No error A. Dhruv is almost quite competent for the
Answer: C post
Solution: The error is in part (c) of the sentence. B. of head boy so when
The word “enough” is not working as an adverb C. given a chance he will lead the students
here. So, it is incorrect to use it after the noun D. No error
“questions”. It is working as a determiner. The Answer: A
correct use of words would be “enough Solution: The error is in part (a) of the sentence.
questions”. “Almost” should be removed as “quite” and
13. The athletes requested the president (a) “almost” are not used together.
to be enough kind to grant them fund (b) 17. Rohan’s mother advised (a) him not to
for the reconstruction of the track. (c) No drive the (b) car lately at night (c) No Error
error (d) (d)
A. The athletes requested the president A. Rohan’s mother advised
B. to be enough kind to grant them fund B. him not to drive the
C. for the reconstruction of the track C. car lately at night
D. No error D. No error
Answer: B Answer: C
Solution: The error is in part (b) of the sentence. Solution: The error is in the part “C”. The word
“Enough” is an adverb here and it will be used ‘lately' should be replaced by ‘late’ that means
after the adjective “kind”. doing something or taking place after the
14. The foreign client met the (a) president expected, proper, or usual time.
about three years ago and (b) has 18. The results (a) of the survey (b) were fairly
remembered him ever for. (c) No error (d) disappointing. (c) No error (d)
A. The foreign client met the A. The results
B. president about three years ago and B. of the survey
C. has remembered him ever for C. were fairly disappointing
D. No error D. No error
Answer: C Answer: C
Solution: The error is in part (c) of the sentence. Solution: The error is in the part (c) of the
“for” should be replaced with “since” as the sentence. The use of 'fairly' is incorrect with
correct adverbial structure is “ever since”. "disappointing" which should be changed to
'rather disappointing as it helps in showing an A. Dhruv is almost quite competent for the
undesired result. Rather is used to show post
another side of the argument, as in this case. B. of head boy so when
19. Probably she will not (a) let you allow to C. given a chance he will lead the students
cook non-veg (b) food at her home. (c) No D. No error
error (d) Answer: A
A. Probably she will not Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer.
B. let you allow to cook non-veg “Almost” should be removed as “quite” and
C. food at her home “almost” are not used together. Both of these
D. No error are adverbs and have the same meaning. We do
Answer: A not use two adverbs of the same category
Solution: The error is in part (a) of the sentence. together.
Adverbs such are never, probably, rarely, 23. The clever designed(A)/ speech lashed the
seldom, and always are called mid-sentence (B)/ audience into a frenzy.(C)/ No error.
adverbs. They usually go between the subject (D)
and the main verb. A. The clever designed
20. The pollution level in Delhi obviously (a) is B. speech lashed the
getting higher (b) and higher each year. (c) C. audience into a frenzy.
No error (d) D. No error.
A. The pollution level in Delhi obviously Answer: A
B. is getting higher Solution: replace ‘clever’ with ‘cleverly’
C. and higher each year because we need an adverb here to modify verb
D. No error ‘designed’.
Answer: A 24. Rohit was (A)/ elected as the captain (B)/
Solution: The error is in part (a) of the sentence. of the school basketball team. (C)/ No
Adverbs such as "obviously, actually etc" error. (D)
indicate the attitude and point of view of the A. Rohit was
speaker or writer and usually go at the B. elected as the captain
beginning. These adverbs are called sentence C. of the school basketball team.
adverbs because they refer to the whole D. No error.
sentence or utterance. Answer: B
21. He brilliantly bowled (a) and took five (b) Solution: remove ‘as’ before ‘the captain’
wickets in the match. (c) No error (d) because we don’t use ‘as’ before ‘name, elect,
A. He brilliantly bowled crown, think, consider, etc.’.
B. and took five 25. He denied that he has (A)/ not faked my
C. wickets in the match credentials to (B)/ withdraw money from
D. No error the bank. (C)/ No error. (D)
Answer: A A. He denied that he has
Solution: The error is in part (a) of the sentence. B. not faked my credentials to
Adverbs of manner, place and time usually C. withdraw money from the bank
come in end position. Therefore, it should be D. No error.
written as "he bowled brilliantly and took five Answer: B
wickets in the match". Solution: Remove ‘not’ before ‘faked’ because
22. Daksh is almost quite competent for the we do not used negative adverbial particles
post (A)/ of head boy so when (B)/ given with ‘deny, prevent, prohibit, unless, etc.’
a chance he will lead the students. (C)/ No
error (D)
 REPOSITION
“A word or group of words used before a noun Some trees lose their leaves in autumn.
or pronoun to relate it grammatically to some I started working here in 2009.
other constituent of a sentence” Life in the 19th century was very different
E.g. There is a small cat on the table. from what it is now.
A few children are playing in the garden. In: Experiencing a situation or condition, or
We were living under the blue sky. feeling an emotion:
Sent 1. “On” shows the relation between ‘cat’ We watched in horror as they pulled the
and ‘table’. bodies from the wreckage.
Sent 2. “In” shows the relation between He's living in luxury in the south of France.
‘children’ and ‘garden’. She left in a bit of a hurry.
Sent 3. “Under” shows the relation between You're in great danger.
‘we’ and ‘the sky’. In: Expressed or written in a particular way:
Note: We always use an objective case after Cheques should be written in ink.
prepositions. She usually paints in watercolor.
E.g. I do not depend on him. They spoke in Russian the whole time.
Between you and me there is no He always talks in a whisper.
relationship. In: (Physical surroundings)
Note: If two words are connected with E.g. Mohan was sleeping in his bed.
conjunction and both demand the different There are many useful herbs in this forest.
prepositions, we should provide twice. A few phrases:
E.g. I am surprised at as well as pleased with In bed, in sofa, on a chair, in armchair, on the
her performance. couch, and on bench, etc.
Your technology is different from and At: Used to show an exact or a particular time:
better than mine. There's a meeting at 2.30 this afternoon.
Usages Are you free at lunchtime?
In: It expresses the situation of something that In theory, women can still have children at
is enclosed or surrounded by something else. the age of 50.
E.g. Many politicians are living in Delhi. The bells ring at regular intervals
Nothing I did could make me an acceptable throughout the day.
guest in that hotel without a credit card. At no time/point did the company do
He's standing in the street. anything illegal.
Never soak brushes in water, commercial At: Referring to someone's age.
cleaners, or even paint. E.g. At twenty-one, both males and females
I have lived in Bolton for four years now obtain their full legal rights, and become
and I enjoy walking around the town. liable to all legal obligations.
In: Forming a part of something Retirement at sixty-five is ridiculous.
E.g. He used to be the lead singer in a rock At forty-five, he ran for the Senate and lost.
band. At: Expressing a relationship between an
There are too many spelling mistakes in individual and a skill.
this essay. E.g. Hockey was the only sport I was any good
I've been waiting in this queue for ages. at.
What do you look for in a relationship? Monika was getting much better at hiding
In: Expressing a period of time during which her reactions.
an event happens. Women are said to be poor at reading
E.g. We're going to Italy in April. maps.
At: Expressing the target of a shot from a I met a boy at LIC.
weapon. I met a boy in the LIC office.
They tore down the main street, firing at At: At Before School, college and university.
anyone in sight. E.g. My friend is at the Economics college of
The snipers were two individuals shooting Delhi.
randomly at anyone. At: We usually use "at" to talk about the
At: Expressing an incomplete or attempted address.
action, typically involving repeated E.g. Are you still at the same address.
movements. She lives at 24 Nehru Street.
E.g. She clutched at the thin gown. But
He hit at her face with the gun. She lives in Nehru Street.
At: Expressing the means by which something But
is done. On the third floor
E.g. Holding a prison officer at knifepoint. To: Expressing motion in the direction of (a
Sita’s pride had taken a beating at his particular location)
hands. E.g. Walking down to the shops.
At: Point of places. My first visit to Africa.
E.g. There was a small room at the end of the We're going to a party.
building. He dropped to the ground just as a giant
Students are sitting at their study table. pickup rolled over him.
It is very hot at the center of the earth. To: Used for showing who receives something
Turning right at the right corner. or who experiences an action:
We had had dinner at a newly opened I lent my bike to my brother.
restaurant. I told that to Alex and he just laughed.
After some verbs to indicate the target of a Who's the letter addressed to?
perception we use “at” To: Used to say where something is fastened
“Look, Smile, Wave, Frown, Point” or connected:
E.g. Why are you looking at her like that? The paper was stuck to the wall with tape.
At: It is also used for aggression or attack with A fast rail service connects us to the city.
verbs “Shoot, Laugh, Throw and Shout” Note: ‘In and At’ generally used for position
But: ‘to’ is used for direction and movement.
‘Throw to’ and ‘Shout to’ are used when there E.g. He works at the market.
is no idea of attack. He gets to market by bike.
E.g. Please don’t throw food to the animals. My father lives in Canada.
Could you shout to Tiwari and tell him it’s I go to Canada to see him.
breakfast time. Expression of Purpose
At: Sometimes we use “at” with a larger place If we mention the purpose of a movement
if we just think of it as a point. A stage on a before we mention the destination, we usually
journey or a meeting place. use 'at' or 'in' before a place.
E.g. The plan stops for an hour at Delhi. E.g. Let’s go to CCD
She lives in Delhi. Lets go and have coffee at CCD
Let’s meet at the club. I went to Canada to see my father.
It was warm and comfortable in the club. I went to see my father in Canada. (to
At: At is particularly used for proper names Canada)
used for buildings or organizations In: Time (span of time)
E.g. I first met your father at Amrik Sukhdev. At: Time (point of time)
I first met your father in a restaurant. On: Time (days and dates)
Check Some Differences. Into: Expressing a change of state.
At + Clock Time E.g. A peaceful farmer protest which turned
In + part of day into a violent confrontation.
On + particular day The fruit can be made into jam.
At + weekend/ Public Holiday They are all interested in the arts and
In + longer period would like to find a way to turn their
A few phrases of time interest into a job.
At dawn, At sunrise, At daybreak, In the Note: Before here and there always use “in”
morning, At noon, In the afternoon, At Dusk, At not “into”
sunset, In the evening, At night, At midnight, At E.g. Come in here.
twilight Put your luggage in there.
But At: Ramjaan and At Navratra On: (on a surface touching)
Note: Use “at" before the point of time. Use He was sitting on the garden wall
"inthe" before the span of time. See the Don’t write anything on the desk.
examples above. She lives on a Caribbean island.
Traffic is running smoothly on the highway.
Use of “Night” She fell on the floor while dancing.
We can use both “in” and “At" prepositions with He was lying on his back.
"night". If the night is used for a primary On: Having (the thing mentioned) as a topic;
purpose, we use “at" and for a specific purpose about.
we use "In” E.g. A book on English Grammar.
E.g. Bats are active at night (primary purpose) The details on side effects are listed in
You should sleep properly to stay healthy Table 2 of the online supplement.
at night (primary purpose) A very interesting conversation on
They were walking on the beach in the language and writing ensued.
night (secondary purpose) On: On is used to talk about a position on a line
We celebrated a birthday party in the night (For example a road or a river)
(secondary purpose) E.g. His house is on the way from Delhi to
• At/in/on are not used with the expression Bareily.
of Next/ last/ this/that/ one/ any/each/ Stratford is on the river Avon.
every/ some/ all etc. But 'in' is used to talk about the position of
E.g. I am at home every evening. things that actually form part of a line.
• These prepositions are not normally used E.g. There is a spelling error in line 8 on page
either, before yesterday, the day before 21.
• yesterday, tomorrow, or the day after Who is the good-looking boy in the 10th
tomorrow. line?
Into: Expressing movement or action with the On: Being broadcast by (a radio or television
result that someone or something becomes channel)
enclosed or surrounded by something else. E.g. A new twelve-part TV series on Netflix.
E.g. Cover the bowl and put it into the fridge. One of my favourite sketch shows is being
Sara got into her car and shut the door. repeated on FM four at the moment.
She also said that she missed being able to The show will be broadcast on ZEE NEWS
walk out and jump into the swimming pool on December 26th.
at her house. On: On can mean attached to
She often walked deep into the woods E.g. Why do you wear that ring on your index
behind our house by herself. finger?
 There are not many apples on the tree this Over: (used for distance and time)
year. E.g. This peak is over five thousand feet high.
On: On is also used for a position by lake or sea. Our manager lasted for over a year.
E.g. A beautiful town is on Dal lake. Over: (age)
On: Public Transportation (buses, train, plans, E.g. Your wife may be over thirty-two.
etc) You are over age for this completion.
E.g. He is arriving on the 2:12 train (Not Upon (On something in motion)
in/with) E.g. A cat jumped upon a rat.
We booked on 9 pm flight. Last night some passersby sprang upon a
On: Used to show something for which a man.
payment is made: Over: On the other side of:
E.g. He spent a thousand rupees on a hat. There's a bar over the road we could go to.
I've wasted a lot of money on this car. The story continues over the page.
We made a big profit on that deal. Over and Across
How much interest are you paying on the We can use over or across to talk about a
loan? position on the other side of, or moving to the
Over: Above or higher than something else, other side of a road, bridge, forest, river, and
sometimes so that one thing covers the other; border, etc.
above: E.g. My relatives live in the house across/ over
E.g. The beautiful sky is over the city. the road from ours.
We are flying over the Himalayas. The truck came toward John and Ravi
Helicopters dropped leaflets over the city. across/ over the bridge.
The trees' branches intertwined to form a Once our soldiers came across/ over the
dark roof over the path. border they would be safe.
Over: in a position that is covering something: Over is used when something is high or higher,
E.g. Put a clean cloth over the cakes while they Over is used with wide.
cool. E.g. Thief jumped over the fence last night.
I put a shawl over my shoulders. He jumped across the stream.
Over: across from one side to the other, Across is used when we think of as a flat surface,
especially by going up and then down: or an area such as a country or sea,
E.g. She jumped over the gate. E.g. Ram suddenly saw Sita across the hall.
The road goes over the mountains, not The programme was broadcast across
through a tunnel. India.
She is always chatting with her neighbour Note: We prefer all over rather than all across
over the garden fence. to mean “to many different parts of an area”
From the top of the tower, you could see E.g. Corona Virus has now spread all over the
for miles over the city. world or (right across the world)
Tanks travel over the most difficult ground. Above: In or to a higher position than
Over: (referring to a cause of interest, worry, something else:
discussion, etc.) connected with or about: E.g. There's a mirror above the sink.
There's no point in arguing over something so He waved the letter excitedly above his
unimportant. head.
E.g. Our company need times to talk/think over She's rented a room above a shop.
your proposal Her name comes above mine on the list.
(= to discuss/consider it carefully). The helicopter was hovering above the
The legal battle was over who should have building.
custody of the child.
Above: More than an amount or level: Instead of complaining, why don't we try to
E.g. It says on the box it's for children aged change things?
three and above. In spite of/despite/ Notwithstanding: (all these
Rates of pay are above average. have the same meaning)
Temperatures rarely rise above zero in (used before one fact that makes another fact
winter. surprising) despite:
She values her job above her family. E.g. In spite of his injury, M.S. Dhoni will play in
Above is used when one thing is not directly Saturday's match.
over the other In spite of the scale of the famine, the relief
E.g. They lived in a village in the mountains workers struggled on with dauntless
above the lake. optimism and commitment.
The bird hovered just a few meters above/ Went shopping notwithstanding the bad
over the lake. weather.
Note: Don’t use above with numbers Despite repeated assurances that the product is
E.g. She had above ten pair of shoes. (wrong) safe, many people have stopped buying it.
She had over ten pair of shoes. (right) Because and because of:
This company earned above two million Because: It is a conjunction
dollars (wrong) Because of: It is a preposition
This company earned over/ more than two E.g. Virat Kohli did not play in the last innings
million dollars (right) because of an injury in his lE.g.
Onto: Used to show movement into or on a Virat Kohli did not play in the last innings
particular place: because he had an injury in his lE.g.
E.g. I slipped as I stepped onto the platform. He did not come to the office because of
The sheep were loaded onto trucks. bad weather conditions
Onto: Used about changing to, or starting to He did not come to the office because the
talk about, a different subject: weather was not good.
E.g. How did we get onto this subject? By: Time (before given time; not later than; at
Can we move onto the next item on the or before)
agenda? E.g. He will be discharged by Monday.
Beside: (By the side of something/ Next to) My friend will be here by 7:00 pm.
E.g. Child is sleeping beside a pet. She had promised to be back by five
Farmer is sitting beside the heap of the o'clock.
wheat. The application must be in by the 31st to
Come and sit here beside me. be accepted.
Our new farmhouse was built right beside By: (Produced by someone in the passive
a river. voice)
Besides: (In addition to) (when you want both) E.g. This interesting piece of work is penned by
E.g. I bought the Ramayana besides the an eminent writer of the 17th century.
Mahabharata By (Transportation)
He likes coffee besides tea. E.g. They came by train/ plane/ metro/ air/
What other types of music do you like bike and horse etc.
besides classical? But: If we use article a/an or possessive
Instead of: (Except one; in place of sb/sth) adjective before transportation preposition will
(when you like one) be changed accordingly.
E.g. He likes coffee instead of tea (it means he E.g. My friend came to school in his car.
likes only coffee) He came on a horse.
He went to the temple on foot.
By: (Near) Note: Don’t use along to describe movements
E.g. There is a big restaurant by the sea. from one side to another.
A small child stood sullenly by her side. E.g. Travelers walked across the desert for
He wanted to keep her close by him trade. (Right)
always. Travelers walked along the desert for
By: (Evidence/ According to) trade. (Wrong)
E.g. It is 09.30 by my watch. Along and Through
He looks intelligent by face. When we talk about following a line of some
The students were listed by name. kind (a road, beach and river, etc.) Use along.
By: (Unit of measurement) from one part of a road, river, etc. to another:
E.g. Milk is sold by the liter. E.g. We walked along a stream until we saw a
By: Used when describing someone's small village.
character, job, etc.: ‘Through’ is used for three-dimensional
E.g. She is, by nature, a sunny, positive kind of spaces like
person. E.g. She walked through the forest to get to her
He's a plumber by trade. grandmother’s house.
She was, by profession, a lawyer. She spent a lot of her free time walking in
Note: Never use by as a conjunction the forest.
E.g. By I had finished my lunch we had to leave. Between/ among and amongst.
(wrong) As prepositions of place, we used between with
By the time I had to finish my lunch we had two or more people or things that we see as
to leave (right) individual or separate, and we use among when
With (Together/ in the company of) we see the people or things as a part of a group
E.g. He lives with us. or mass. Among is only used with three or more
Did you go with her last night? people or things.
With (Characteristics) E.g. Sita holds a pearl between her thumb and
E.g. A girl with blue eyes was traveling in a index finger.
metro last week. India is situated between Nepal, Pakistan
With (As a result) and Sri Lanka.
E.g. He is sick with the flu. He stood among all his friends and feeling
With (Tools or instruments) happy.
E.g. He killed his wife with a knife. She found a new novel among her old
She pushed back her hair with her hand. books in the drawer.
Farmer killed a snake with a stick Between and among are not only used as
Fill this glass with wine. prepositions of place. For example, we can use
Along: (Walk across/ from one part of a road, either to talk about something divided or
river, etc. to another) shared between people.
E.g. We walked along the beach collecting E.g. The money is to be divided between/
small crabs in a bucket. among the towns in the area.
The room was so dark, I had to feel my way The prize will be shared between/ among
along the wall to the door. the first six finishers in the race.
The children ran down the bank, over the We also use between to talk about comparisons
bridge and along the path. and relationships
Halfway along the wall he overbalanced E.g. association, balance, comparison,
and fell. connection, contrast, correlation,
Cut along the dotted line. difference, distinction, link and
relationship) and to talk about choices.
E.g. There should be a better balance on the He was about five years older than me but
committee between the various ethnic I knew him as he was the son of one of my
groups. mum's friends.
They are wrong to claim that there is a link Of: Expressing the relationship between an
between unemployment and crime. author, artist, or composer and their works
We have to choose between village and collectively.
city life. E.g. The plays of Shakespeare.
You have to choose between your love and The paintings of Rembrandt.
family. His mother sang and played the songs of
We Use Among Cole Porter and Jerome Kern.
When we mean ‘existing or happening in a Of: Indicating the material or substance
particular group constituting something.
E.g. The disease has now broken out among the E.g. The house was built of bricks.
infants. Walls of stone.
Rabindra Nath’s poetry was very popular The bungalows are built of wood,
among young boys. concrete, and brick.
There's a lot of teasing and fighting among Pale walls of sand-colored stone encircled
the crew. the town.
The boy looked uncomfortable and out of They lived in a simple house with bamboo
place among the adults. walls and a roof made of coconut leaves.
These diseases are more common among Of: (Caused by disease)
young children. E.g. Many Indians died of cancer every year.
I saw a few familiar faces among the Off: Moving away and often down from.
crowd. E.g. He rolled off the bed.
Rescue teams searched among the The coat slipped off his arms.
wreckage for survivors. Trying to get us off the stage.
Of: Expressing the relationship between a part A child fell off the tree.
and a whole. A looter jumped off the roof.
E.g. Alana wiped her tears with the sleeve of Off Absent from
her sweater. E.g. I took a couple of days off work.
Our kids were still asleep in the back of the He said the workers plan to remain off
car. work until the money is paid into their
Seal the lid of the container tightly and accounts.
tape the lid with duct tape. The doctor has given me a week off work
Anna tightened her grip on the handle of to rest and recuperate.
the sword. From: (Origin/ Indicating the point in space at
I reached into the pocket of my jeans and which a journey, motion, or action starts)
took out a scrap of paper. E.g. She began to walk away from him.
Of: Indicating an association between two He came from a small town of Uttar
entities, typically one of belonging, in which the Pradesh
first is the head of the phrase and the second is Apples fell from the tree.
something associated with it. Leaves fell from the tree
E.g. The son of a friend. Smoke was rising from the fire.
The government of India. From: Indicating the raw material out of which
A photograph of the bride. something is manufactured.
A former colleague of John's College. E.g. A paint made from a natural resin.
 These can be manufactured from arable Use of Home
crops like oilseed rape and sugar beet. Note: Never use any preposition before home
From: Indicating a source of knowledge or the with the following verbs.
basis for one's judgment. [bring, go, get, arrive and reach]
E.g. Information obtained from papers, books, E.g. I am going home (R)
and presentations. I am going to home (W)
We read that what's on and where can be But: If we use any possessive case before a
obtained from the tourist information noun, we can use a preposition.
centre. E.g. I am going to my home (R)
She was allowed to obtain information WE NEVER USE PREPOSITIONS AFTER THE
from the patient and her medical notes. FOLLOWING VERBS
Since: (Point of time) Accompany, affect, attack, board, comprise,
E.g. He has been working for this organisation consider, control, demand, describe, direct,
since 2010. discuss, emphasise, ensure, enter, eschew,
For: In support of or in favour of (a person or invade, investigate, join order, pervade;
policy) precede, reach resemble, resist, ridicule, sign,
E.g. Troops who had fought for Napoleon. stress, succeed, tell and violate, etc.
They voted for independence in a NOUNS FOLLOWED BY THE FOLLOWING
referendum’ PREPOSITIONS
So folks, if you agree with my policies, Acquaintance with: I have no acquaintance
please vote for me at the next general with Maria.
election. Affection for: Raman has a strong affection for
For: Affecting, with regard to, or in respect of. that poor girl.
E.g. She is responsible for the efficient running Apology for: She offered him an apology for her
of their department. conduct.
The demand for money. Aptitude for: The Marwaris have a great
It was a success but due to a new demand aptitude for business.
for money, the WWF had to withdraw after Assurance of: Mr.Desai gave us no assurance of
one season. his support.
He also learnt a new respect for further Blame for: Advani accepted blame for the
education, and those who work in it. accident.
For (Span of time) Capacity for: Aftab has no capacity for
E.g. My friend has been writing a novel for mastering facts.
months. Care of: Take care of your health.
For: On behalf of or to the benefit of. Cause for: There is no cause for anxiety.
E.g. I got a present for you. Cause of: She is the cause of the whole trouble.
These parents aren't speaking for Charge of: A charge of murder was laid at his
everyone. door.
It is nice to see people giving some of their Claim on: I have every claim on you.
leisure time for the benefit of others. Claim to: He set up a claim to the throne.
For: Having (the place mentioned) as a Complaint against: Why don't you lodge a
destination. complaint against your neighbours?
E.g. They are leaving for London tomorrow. Confidence in: I hope she will justify my
He missed the following two Cup games confidence in her.
but will leave with the team for Perth Control over: Miss Helen has no control over
today. her class.
Disgrace to: She is a disgrace to her family.
Duty to: We owe a duty to our country. Sympathy for: All the people felt great
Excuse for: He has no excuse for remaining sympathy for her in her troubles.
absent. Sympathy with: I have no sympathy with her
Fondness for: His fondness for her is natural. foolish views.
Freedom from: Health means freedom from Taste for: Kamala has no taste for music.
care. Traitor to: He is a traitor to his country.
Grief at: He felt grief at the death of his son. Victim of: She is the victim of her own
Hatred for: Her hatred for him was very great. foolishness.
Heir to: The prince is heir to the throne. ADJECTIVES AND PARTICIPLES FOLLOWED BY
Influence with: I have no influence with the PREPOSITIONS
Magistrate. Accused of: Ghulam was accused of theft.
Interest in: I have no interest in music. Acquainted with: Are you acquainted with her?
Invitation to: She has sent us an invitation to Acquitted of: The thief was acquitted of her
dinner. charge.
Leniency to: You have shown undue leniency to Addicted of: Tom is addicted to gambling.
her. Adjacent to: The hotel is adjacent to the Post
Leisure for: I have no leisure for amusement. Office.
Limit to: There is no limit to his ambition. Afflicted with: The old man is afflicted with
Longing for: Her longing for her son is great. gout.
Match for: Peter is no match for Abraham. Afraid of: Don't be afraid of telling the truth.
Need of: Raman is always in need of money. Amazed at: I was amazed at her impudence.
Neglect of: He is blamed for neglect of duty. Angry with: The teacher was very angry with us.
Obedience to: I praise her obedience to her Annoyed at: Raman was annoyed at her
husband. behaviour.
Objection to: I have no objection to your going Anxious for, about: He is anxious for / (about)
there. her safety.
Peace with: I am always at peace with my Appropriate to: The Prime Minister made a
neighbours. stirring speech appropriate to the occasion.
Pity for: The king felt pity for the poor. Ashamed of: Mary is ashamed of her conduct.
Prejudice against: He has a prejudice against Astonished at: All were astonished at her
Hakims. disobedience.
Pride in: Her great pride in her wealth is foolish. Averse to: Pratap is averse to regular work.
Progress in: Jack had made no progress in her Backward in: John is backward in his studies.
studies. Beneficial to: Fresh air and good food are
Quarrel with: I know nothing of his quarrel with beneficial to the health.
her. Bent on: Joseph is bent on mischief.
Regard for: I have great regard for him. Blessed with: May you always be blessed with
Remedy for: Quinine is a remedy for malaria. good health.
Reputation for: Ghafoor has a reputation for Blind in: The carpenter is blind in the right eye.
honesty. Blind to: Rashida is blind to her own faults.
Respect for: The young have no respect for old Born of: Gandhiji was born of rich parents.
age. Bound for: The ship is bound for England.
Slave to: A drunken is a slave to drink. Busy with: Jack is busy with his lessons.
Slave of: You mustn't make a slave of your capable of: She is capable of improvement.
servant girl. Careful about: She is very careful about her
Subscription to: What is your subscription to dress.
the Famine Relief Fund?
Charged with: The beggar was charged with Indifferent to: They are indifferent to their own
theft. business.
Confident of: Peter is confident of success. Infested with: This house is infested with rats.
Conscious of: Shakuntala is conscious of her Injurious to: Alcohol is injurious to health.
faults. Intent to: He was intent on winning a
Contented with: She is contented with her lot. scholarship.
Contrary to: The boys acted contrary to my Interested in: Why are you interested in Maria?
instructions. Introduced to: I was introduced to the
Convenient for: Will the 4.50 train be Collector.
convenient for you? Jealous of: He is jealous of his friend's success.
Courteous to: She is courteous to all. Lame in: The beggar was lame in the left lE.g.
Deaf to: He was deaf to all her entreaties. Lost to: Tom is lost to all sense of shame.
Deficient in: She is deficient in common sense. Loyal to: The princes were loyal to the
Dependent on: She is dependent on her Government.
parents. Married to: Sheila was married to Raman.
Desirous of: Raman is desirous of going abroad. Negligent in: He was negligent in his work.
Different from: His religious views are different Negligent of: He was negligent of his duties.
from hers. Obedient to: Aftab is obedient to his parents.
Disgusted with: I am disgusted with her Obliged to: I am obliged to her for kindness.
conduct. Occupied by: This house is occupied by his
Due to: The accident was due to careless manager.
driving. Occupied with: He is just now occupied with the
Eligible for: He is not eligible for promotion. translation of a French novel.
Engaged to: Surekha is engaged to Harry. Occupied in: He is occupied in translating a
Equal to: Sikander was equal to the occasion. French novel.
Essential to: Health is essential to happiness. Offended with, at: She was offended with her
Faithful to: The dog is very faithful to his husband at his remarks.
master. Open to: She is not open to conviction.
False to: Abraham proved false to his friends. Overwhelmed with: She was overwhelmed
Familiar to: Her name seems quite familiar to with grief.
me. Owing to: Owing to his careless driving, we had
Familiar with: I am not familiar with her tricks. an accident.
Famous for: He is famous for his learning. Partial to: We are all partial to our friends.
Fit for: Sachin is fit for the job. Peculiar to: This is a custom peculiar to the
Fond of: Girls are fond of dolls. Japanese.
Free from: No one is free from faults. Popular with: Mr. George is popular with his
Full of: This book is full of mistakes. neighbours.
Glad of: I am glad of your success. Preferable to: Health is preferable to wealth.
Good at: She is good at Mathematics. Proficient in: John is proficient in Mathematics.
Good for: This medicine is good for headaches. Proud of: He is proud of his wealth.
Greedy for: Arsalan is greedy of gain/honours. Quick at: This boy is quick at inventing excuses.
Guilty of: The beggar was found guilty of theft. Reconciled with: Ultimately she became
Honest in: Sami is not honest in his dealings. reconciled with her husband.
Hopeful of: Is she hopeful of success? Reduced to: The prince was reduced to poverty.
Ignorant of: The Headmaster is ignorant of Related to: Is she related to you?
facts. Repentant of: Mary is repentant of her folly.
Ill with: Manorama is ill with fever. Respectful to: Good boys are respectful to all.
Satisfied with: I am satisfied with her conduct. Agree to (a proposal): I agree to your offer of
Sensitive to: She is sensitive to praise and marriage.
blame. Aim at: All of us aim at excellence.
Serviceable to: This umbrella will be serviceable Apologize to (a person): I apologize to her for
to you in the rainy season. my mistake.
Shocked at: All of us were shocked at the news Appeal to (a person): We appealed to her for
of his death. help.
Short of: Jack is always short of money. Appoint to (a person): Jack was appointed to
Sick of: I am sick of being blamed for everything the vacant post.
that goes wrong. Arrive at (a place): We arrived at the station at
Similar to: Their customs are similar to ours. ten.
Slow of: Slow of hearing, slow to make up one's Attend to: Attend to your lessons please.
mind, slow at accounts, Slow to anger. Attend upon: Sheila has many servants
Sorry for: The Headmaster was sorry for his attending upon her.
mistake. Avail of: You should avail yourself of every
Steeped in: Mahmud is steeped in vice and opportunity to practise speaking English.
poverty. Avenge on: He avenged himself on his enemies.
Suited to: His speech was suited to the Averse to: He is averse to hard work.
occasion. Bear with: You must bear with my weakness.
Sure of: Are you sure of your facts? Beat against: The waves beat against the rocks.
Suspicious of: The policeman became Beg of: We all begged pardon of her.
increasingly suspicious of his movements. Believe in: I do not believe in her honesty.
Sympathetic to: She is sympathetic to(towards) Bestow on: The Queen bestowed high honour
suffers. on her.
Thankful for: We ought to be thankful to God Beware of: Beware of false friends.
for His small mercies. Blame for: He blamed his teacher for his failure.
Tired of: Everyone is tired of doing nothing. Boast of: She boasts of being the best actress in
True to: Abraham is true to his friends. the town.
Useful for: Salt is useful for many purposes. Borrow from: Rahman borrowed Rs.500 from
Vain of: She is vain of her beauty. me.
Versed in: He is well versed in Mathematics. Break into: The thieves broke into his house at
Vexed at: He was vexed at his failure. night.
Weak in: My daughter is weak in Mathematics. Brood over: Do not brood over past grievances.
Worthy of: He is worthy of our reverence and Buy for, at: He bought them for/at Rs.10 each.
esteem. Buy from: He bought this watch from Titan.
Call on: We called on Miss Hill yesterday.
VERBS FOLLOWED BY PREPOSITIONS Call to: Jill called to her father for help.
Abide by: You must abide by your promise. Call for: Your conduct calls for punishment.
Abound with: The hut abounded with vermin. Care for: I do not care for her opinion.
Abound in: Vermin abounded in the hut. Charge with: We charged her with theft.
Abstain from: Abstain from evil and do good. Come across: I came across this in a curio shop.
Accede to: The Principal acceded to my request. Compare with: Compare the character of
Acquit of: The judge acquitted him of theft. Mohan with that of Anil.
Act from: She acted from fear. (to show difference)
Admit of: You conduct admits of no excuse. Compare to: Anger may be compared to fire.
Agree with (a person): Sami does not agree (to show resemblance)
with me.
Compete with: I compete with Harry for the Get at: get at (find out) the facts.
first prize. Get on: He is sure to get on (make a progress)
Complain of: He never complains of not having in life.
money Get over: He got over(recovered from ) his
Comply with: We always complied with his illness .
request Get out of: I have not yet been able to get out
Confer on: She conferred a favour on us. of debt.
Confide in: The king confided in his ministers. Get to: In the evening they got to their journey's
Confide to: Confide your secrets to none. end.
Congratulate on: I congratulated her on her Grieve at: They grieved at the news of my
success. failure.
Convict of: The judge convicted him of theft. Grieve about: Don't grieve much about your
Cure of: The medicine cured him of his disease. misfortunes
Deal in: He deals in Japanese goods. Grumble at: He is always grumbling at his low
Deal with: Deal fairly with everyone. pay.
Deprive of: Slaves are deprived of their Guard against: We must guard against vices.
freedom. Hide from: I will not hide the truth from my
Derive from: Can pleasure be derived from bad parents.
actions? Hinder from: What hindered you from coming
Despair of: Tushar never despaired of success. here?
Die of: Seema died of typhoid. Hope for: We always hope for better times.
Die by: He died by his own hand. Import from, into: Wool is imported from
Differ with: I differ with you on this subject. Australia into India.
Differ from: This cloth differ from that. Impress on: I impressed on her the value of
Disagree with: I disagree with you on this point. cleanliness.
Dispose of: She has disposed of all her property. Impute to: Do not impute motives to her action.
Dissuade from: Afzal dissuade her from going Infest with: Warehouses were infested with
there. rats.
Distinguish from: Distinguish truth from Inquire into: The police are inquiring into the
falsehood. matter.
Dream of: She dreamt of becoming a queen one Inquire of: I inquired of her why she had
day. insulted her husband.
End in: The scheme ended in failure. Insist on: He insisted on my leaving the place at
Exchange for: He exchanged the cow for the once.
horse. Introduce to: Mary introduced me to Sheila.
Explain to: Explain this question to me. Invite to: I have invited Rashida also to dinner.
Export from: Cotton goods are exported from Jeer at: Never jeer at a defeated enemy.
India. Jest about: Don't jest about serious things.
Fall under: He fell under the displeasure of the Jump at: Parveen jumped at the office at once.
king. Jump to: The Superintendent jumped to the
Fall upon: The robbers fell upon the merchant. conclusion that the
Feed on: The cow feeds on grass. Keep from: Keep away from wine.
Feel for: We all felt for her in her troubles. Keep to: Keep to the point please.
Fight for: They were fighting for their Kick against: Do not kick against authority.
independence. Kick at: Atif kicked at my offer.
Fly at: The dog flew at the beggar. Knock at: Somebody is knocking at the door (on
Fly into: Seeing me, she flew into a rage. the window).
Labour for: All his life he laboured for the public Play with: Don't play with fireworks.
good. Play on: Smile played on her lips.
Lack in: He is lacking in experience. Prefer to: I prefer milk to tea.
Lament for: Do not lament for the dead. Present at: We presented the cheque at the
Land at: We landed at Bombay. bank.
Laugh at: We all laughed at her bad manners. Present to: We presented a watch to her.
Lay before: Peter laid all the facts before her. Present with: We presented her with a watch.
Lay to: We laid this sin to her charge. Preserve from: May God preserve you from all
Lay under: I have laid her under deep obligation harm.
by helping her in distress. Preside over: The Mayor presides over the City
Lead to: This road leads to Poona. Council.
Lean to: This judge seems to lean to his side. Press upon: Don't press your opinions upon
Leap at: He leapt at the opportunity. her.
Learn of: I am sorry to learn of her illness. Prevail upon: We prevailed upon her to come
Level with: The enemy levelled the city with the to the meeting.
ground. Prevail over: We prevailed over our enemies.
Listen to: Don't listen to that foolish fellow. Prevent from: She prevented me from coming
Live within; Live within your means. here.
Live by: Live by honest labour. Profit by: A wise man profits by the mistakes of
Look at: A cat may look at a king. others.
Look after: The shepherd looked after his Prohibit from: You are prohibited from entering
sheep. the class.
Meddle in: Don't meddle in my affairs. Protect from: God will protect you from all
Meet with: I met with many obstacles, but harm.
pressed on. Protect against: Protect these tender plants
Mix with: Oil will not mix with water. against the weather.
Mourn over: They mourned over the child's Protest against: You must protest against
death. injustice.
Murmur against: We must not murmur against Provide for: He died without providing for his
new taxes. widow.
Murmur at: We all murmur at injustice. Provide with: You must provide your children
Object to: She objects to my going there. with food and clothes.
Occur to: It did not occur to me to search his Provide against: A wise man provides against a
pockets. rainy day.
Originate in: The fight originated in a foolish Quarrel with: Do not quarrel with your friends
quarrel. over a trifle.
Part with: He parted with all his wealth. Reconcile to: You must reconcile yourself to a
Partake of: We partook of the feast spread life of hardship
before us. Recover from: He has just recovered from
Pass for: Robert passed for a learned man. illness.
Perish with: They perished with cold and Refrain from: She refrained from shedding
hunger. tears.
Persevere in: Mary persevered in her studies. Rejoice over: We all rejoiced over the victory.
Persist in: Raman persists in annoying his sister. Relieve of: He was relieved of his post.
Pine for: She pined for the lost child. Rely on: Do not rely on her support.
Play at: The children were playing at keeping Remind of: He reminded me of my promise.
shop.
Repent of: He repents of the mistake he has Warn of: We warned her of the danger.
made. Wonder about: I was wondering about that.
Resolve on: She resolves on going there. Wrestle with: Wrestle bravely with difficulties.
Rest with: It rests with her to take action Yield to: Never yield to temptation.
against him.
Revenge on: He revenged himself on his enemy Directions: Fill the appropriate preposition in
for the murder of his brother. the given blank. If preposition is not required,
Reward with: I rewarded her with a watch for you can mark option “D”.
saving my child from drowning. 1. Years ago, man used to live ----- trees.
Rule over: The king ruled over a vast empire. A. on
Save from: He saved her from drowning. B. in
Search for: We searched for the lost watch C. under
everywhere. D. No preposition.
Seek for: All of us seek for happiness. Answer: B
Send for: They sent for the doctor. Solution: Option “B” is the correct preposition.
Show over: Mohan showed her over his new “In” is used for physical surroundings. We are
house. surrounded by tree.
Shudder at: I shudder at her act of cruelty. 2. The court has absolved him ----- all the
Side with: Ankit sided with us in the dispute. charges levelled against him.
Smile at: I smiled at her foolish threat. A. of
Smile upon: Fortune seemed to smile upon B. from
him. C. to
Stick to: Stick to your point. D. No preposition
Struggle against: She struggled against many Answer: B
difficulties. Solution: Option “B” is the correct preposition.
Submit to: We must all submit to God's will. Certain verbs have their fixed prepositions.
Subscribe to: He subscribed Rs.1000 to the 3. They saw that Wordsworth was sitting ---
Flood Relief Fund. ---- his study table and composing lyrics.
Succeed to: He succeeded to the throne at the A. on
age of ten. B. besides
Supply to: He supplied food to the poor. C. at
Supply with: He supplied the poor with food. D. No preposition
Sympathize with: we sympathize with her in Answer: C
her troubles. Solution: Option “C” is the correct preposition.
Talk about: All are talking about the strange “At” is used to show a point of place here
event. Wordsworth is not sitting on the table but he is
Talk to: He was talking to his friend. sitting near his table may be on chair etc. Hence
Throw at: don't throw stones at birds. the correct preposition is “at”.
Treat of: This book treats of every important 4. The robbers not only injured the
subject. businessman but also decamped ----- booty.
Treat with: If we are to treat with you, it must A. off
be on equal terms. B. about
Triumph over: Virtue always triumphs over C. with
vice. D. No Preposition
Trust in: Trust in God and do the right. Answer: C
Wait on: All her maids waited on her. Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer.
Wait for: We waited impatiently for the train. “With” shows the meaning of togetherness. If
we discuss tools, instruments or physical direction and “till” for time. In this sentence
objects. Use of prepostion “with” is direction is discussed not time.
appropriate. 10. All the seasoned travelers were tired and
5. Regular exercise is conducive ----- health. they sat ----- the shade of a big tree in the
A. to desert.
B. for A. under
C. of B. in
D. No preposition C. besides
Answer: A D. No preposition
Solution: Option “A” is the correct preposition. Answer: B
Use of “to” is fixed after “conducive”. Some Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. “In”
adjectives always take fixed prepositions. is used for physical surroundings. In this
6. My only son is apprenticed ------ Mr. sentence we are surrounded by the shade of
Morgan, a carpenter ----- trade. the tree. “Under” is used for physical position
A. of, to under something. “Besides” is used for in
B. to, by addition.
C. to, in 11. My friend, keep your dog ----- the flower
D. No preposition, by beds. It may damage the flowers.
Answer: B A. out
Solution: Option “B” is the correct preposition. B. off
Use of “To” is fixed after apprenticed. C. beside
7. This wine is made ----- grapes and this D. No preposition
drawer is made ----- iron. Answer: B
A. of, from Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer.
B. from of “Off” is used for separation and away from
C. up of, from something. “Out” is an adverb. “Beside” by the
D. from, No preposition side of something.
Answer: B 12. All the innovative people in this world lack
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. ----- wisdom
8. Teachers teach us that nearly sixty years A. of
have gone by ----- Gandhi ji left us. B. from
A. from C. for
B. for D. No preposition
C. since Answer: D
D. No preposition Solution: Option “D” is the correct answer. A
Answer: C few verbs are never followed by a preposition.
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. These the transitive verbs and have there own
9. My friend and I walked ----- the end of this objects.
lane. 13. Everyone in the class complimented me --
A. to --- my success.
B. till A. for
C. until B. on
D. No preposition C. at
Answer: A D. No preposition
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use Answer: B
of “to” is appropriate here. We use “to” for Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. A
few verbs have their fixed prepositions.
14. All the lookers on in the street laughed --- 18. To help government and support
--- the affairs that happened there. “National Mission for Clean Ganga”. We
A. at should not throw garbage ----- the river.
B. over A. into
C. for B. to
D. No Preposition C. in
Answer: B D. No preposition
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use Answer: C
of “over” is correct. “Over” is used with laugh Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. “In”
for affairs, matters and situations etc. and “at” is used with throw to show medium change.
is used if making a joke of someone. “Into” is used only for medium change. “To” is
15. All the ministers in the parliament agree - used for direction.
---- Mr Rahul Gandhi but a few does not 19. Many Indians are addicted ----- smoking
agree ----- his ideology and drinking in the modern culture of
A. with, with living.
B. with, to A. of
C. to, to B. to
D. with, no preposition C. with
Answer: B D. No preposition
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. A Answer: B
few verbs take different prepositions with Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. “To”
different objects. is a fixed preposition of “addicted”. Take certain
16. India’s longest railroad bridge, Assam’s more examples. “With” is used for together.
Bogibeel Bridge was constructed ----- the “Of” is used for possession.
Brahmaputra river. 20. Today students should be reconciled -----
A. on the way exam patterns are changing day
B. along by day.
C. over A. with
D. no preposition B. to
Answer: C C. in
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. D. No preposition
“Over” is used for across. “On” is used if you Answer: A
have placed something physically on a surface. Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer.
“Along” is used for side by side. “Reconcile” can be followed by “with” and “to”
17. Everyone should sleep properly ----- night both, but in different situations. “In” cannot be
if they want to improve their efficiency used with reconcile.
and health. 21. Cheques are useful …..travellers.
A. at A. with
B. in B. to
C. during C. for
D. No preposition D. on
Answer: A Answer: C
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. “At” Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
is used with night if primary purpose is shown. “for” after useful.
Use “in” with night if the secondary purpose is 22. Are you successful …… your experiment?
shown. “During” shows meanwhile. A. on
B. in
C. at B. for
D. to C. of
Answer: B D. with
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use Answer: B
“successful in your experiment”. Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
23. She got safe…..her adventure. “for” after lucky.
A. for 25. He seems friendly……everyone in the
B. from village.
C. with A. on
D. to B. to
Answer: B C. for
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use D. about
“from” for escaping or separation. Answer: B
24. It was very lucky……me that my bag was Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
found. “to” after “seem”.
A. to
 CONJUNCTION
"A conjunction is a word which merely joins E.g. For he works constantly, he will pass.
together words, phrases, and sentences." Mohan was found stealing so he was
E.g. John Keats and William Wordsworth were arrested.
contemporaries. Sub-Ordinate Conjunctions
Ravi worked hard but he failed. “Join a clause to another on which it depends
Amphibians can live on land and in water. for its full meaning”
Sent 1. “And” connects two nouns. Eg: “after, because, that, though, although, till,
Sent 2. “But” connects two sentences. before, unless, etc.”
Sent 3. “And” connects two phrases. E.g. Will you wait till I return?
KINDS OF CONJUNCTION I do not understand how he swam across
There are two kinds of conjunction this river.
1. Co- ordinate conjunction Make hay while the sun shines.
2. Subordinate conjunction A book is a book although there is nothing
Co-Ordinate Conjunction in it.
“It joins two sentences of equal rank” You will be selected if you work hard.
E.g. "and, but, or, for, nor, also, either---or, Thieves run away because they were
neither---nor, etc. afraid.
Note: Coordinate conjunctions are divided into Tell them that I will come.
four parts. He is taller than I (than I am)
a. Cumulative/ copulative: Sub-ordinate conjunctions may be classified
b. Adversative according to their meaning.
c. Disjunctive/ alternative 1. Time
d. Illative E.g. A soldier would die before he lied.
a. Cumulative/Copulative: It merely No nation can be perfectly well governed
connects one sentence to another. until it is competent to govern itself.
"both-and, not only ---- but also, as well as, etc. I returned home after he had gone home.
E.g. Trust in God and do the rest. 2. Cause or Reason:
My friend has both a big house and an E.g. My strength is as the strength of ten
expensive car. because my heart is pure.
He was not only intelligent but also Since you wish it, it shall be done.
talented. He may enter my cabin as he is my best
b. Adversative: It expresses opposition or friend.
contrast between two statements. 3. Purpose
"But, still, yet, while, nevertheless, etc. E.g. We eat so that we may live.
E.g. Ram is slow but he is steady. Walk carefully lest you should fall.
Sita is beautiful whereas her friends are 4. Result of consequence:
ugly. E.g. He was so tired that he could scarcely
c. Disjunctive/Alternative: It expresses a stand.
choice between two statements. 5. Condition:
"or, neither ----- nor, either ---- or, E.g. If you play well, you will be selected.
otherwise, etc. Unless you work hard, you will not pass.
E.g. She must weep or she will die. 6. Comparison:
Neither a borrower nor a lender be. E.g. Rustom was stronger than his son.
d. Illative: It expresses an inference. 7. Concession:
"for, therefore, so, consequently, etc." E.g. I’ll not see him though he comes.
 Although he betrayed me yet I trust him. Rule 12. Whether ----- or
Some important usages of conjunctions. E.g. Students do not know whether they will go
Rule 1. Either ----- or through the exam or not.
E.g. Riya iseither wise or honest Rule 13. Such------as
Either Ravi or his friend was attending the E.g. Such a novel as I read is interesting
seminar. Rule 14. Such ----- that
Rule 2. Neither----- nor E.g. It was such a cold morning that I did not go
E.g. Our manager is neither decisive nor out.
fearless. Rule 15. Between ------ and
You neither sang nor danced. E.g. You can contact to the manager between 9
Rule 3. Both ----- and am and 5 pm
E.g. Both the government and people should There is no property dispute between you
work hard to make a developed country. and me.
He is both goal-oriented and humble. Rule 16. Else ----- but.
Rule 4. Not only ----- but also E.g. He wants nothing else but a piece of bread
E.g. Not only they but also their to eat.
contemporaries were writing in the honor Rule 17. Not/ never ------ or
of the king. E.g. He did not read or write.
Our M.P. is not only supported but also One of them never practised or played
biased. well.
Rule 5. Not either-or (R) Rule 18. Doubt/ doubtful + affirmative + if/
Not either ----- nor (W) whether.
E.g. My classmate is not either humble or Doubt/ doubtful + interrogative/ negative +
biased. that.
Rule 6. Although/ Though ----- yet E.g. Every friend doubts if/ whether Rohan will
E.g. Although many multinational companies marry Rekha.
have started their investment in India yet I I do not have any doubt that they will make
don’t see development anywhere. us fool.
Rule 7. [Hardly/ scarcely + had + subject + verb Do you have any doubt that Mohan is a
(IIIrd) + when / before + Sentence] gambler?
E.g. Hardly had I reached the station when the Rule 19. The reason ------- that (R)
train left. The reason ------ due to, because, because of
Rule 8. [No sooner + had + subject + verb (IIIrd) and on account of (W)
+ than + Sentence] E.g. This is the reason that he is not applying for
E.g. No sooner had Yuvraj Singh started to play this post. (R)
than it rained. This is the reason because of which he is
Rule 9. As----as (affirmative) not applying for this post (w)
So ---- as (negative) Rule 20. Other / rather ------ than.
E.g. The morning is as beautiful as I expected. E.g. He is no other than my relative.
He is not so dull as they think She would rather buy cosmetics than
Rule 10. As------ so dresses.
E.g. As you sow so shall you reap. Rule 21. Lest ------- should
Rule 11. So ----- that (affirmative/ negative) Note: We never use "not" after lest because it
E.g. This question is so difficult that no one can is a negative word.
solve it. E.g. Work hard lest you should fail. (R)
Virat is so talented that every team can Walk carefully lest you should not fall (W)
allow him to play. Rule 22. So that ----- may/ might
E.g. We eat so that we may live. clauses. Never use “so”, “therefore” and “as”
Rule 23. We "never" use not after otherwise/ after “because”.
else/ or else. 3. A few people have a lot of innovative
E.g. Don’t walk on the slippery roads ideas (A)/ and they do not dare to execute
otherwise/ else/ or else you will slip. them (B)/ in this world of competition (C)/
Rule 24. In case of / in case. No Error (D)
In the case of (Prepositions) A. A few people have a lot of innovative ideas
In case (Conjunction) B. and they do not dare to execute them
E.g. They will contact you in case some C. in this world of competition
emergencies arise. D. No error
They will contact you in case of Answer: B
emergencies. Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
Rule 25. Because (Conjunction) “but” in place of “and”. “But” is used to connect
Because of (Preposition) two contrast or opposite ideas. “And” is used to
E.g. He did not play because of an injury in his connect same ideas either positive or negative.
leg. 4. Hardly had the Prime Minister, Narendra
He did not play because he had an injury in Modi (A)/ hoisted the flag on the Red Fort
his leg. (B)/ then the Generals of all three forces
Directions: In the following questions, some saluted him (C)/ No Error (D)
part of the sentence may have errors. Find out A. Hardly had the Prime Minister, Narendra
which part of the sentence has an error and Modi
select the appropriate option. If a sentence is B. hoisted the flag on the Red Fort
free from error, select ‘No Error’. C. then the Generals of all three forces
1. No one was so well versed (A)/ in Hindi saluted him
that we had (B)/ expected (C)/ No Error D. No error
(D) Answer: C
A. No one was so well versed Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
B. in Hindi that we had “When/ before” in place of “then”. “Than” is
C. expected used after “No sooner” and “when or before” is
D. No error used after “hardly and scarcely”.
Answer B 5. Both the Samajwadi Party as well as the
Solution: Option “B” is the correct use. Use “as” Bahujan Samaj Party (A)/ have an
in place of “that”. A few conjunctions are agreement in U.P. (B)/ to fight against the
followed by their subordinate parts. dominant party the Bhartiya Janta Party.
2. Because M.P. Sudhakar (A)/ has not (C)/ No Error(D)
supported us for a long time (B)/ so we A. Both the Samajwadi Party as well as the
will not promote his campaign (C)/ No Bahujan Samaj Party
Error (D) B. have an agreement in U.P.
A. Because M.P. Sudhakar C. to fight against thedominant part the
B. has not supported us for a long time Bhartiya Janta Party
C. so we will not promote his campaign D. No error
D. No error Answer: A
Answer C Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. The “and” in place of “as well as”. Always use “and”
use of “so” is superfluous here. “Because” is a after “both”. A few conjunctions are fixed.
conjunction and it is connecting both clauses. 6. Students were asked to go to market (A)/
We need only one conjunction to connect two and buy some stationery (B)/ as
 notebooks, ball pens and chart papers etc. Answer: C
(C)/ No Error (D) Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
A. Students were asked to go to market “than” in place of “when”. Always use “than”
B. and buy some stationery after “no sooner”. Always use “when/ before”
C. as notebooks, ball pens and chart papers after “hardly / scarcely”.
etc. 10. As he is intelligent (A)/ therefore he
D. No error passes every competition (B)/ with flying
Answer: C colors (C)/ No Error (D)
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use A. as he is intelligent
“like” in place of “as”. “As” is a conjunction and B. therefore he passes every competition
“like” is a preposition. Conjunction is used to C. with flying colors
connect two sentences. Preposition is used D. No error
before a noun or pronoun to show relation Answer: B
between them. Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer.
7. Those landlords have (A)/ seldom or ever Don’t use “therefore”. It is superfluous. “As” is
(B)/ tried their best to help the poor in the a conjunction and it is connecting both clauses.
village. (C)/ No Error(D) We need only one conjunction to connect two
A. Those landlords have clauses. Never use “therefore” after “as”.
B. seldom or ever 11. The patient would not have died of cancer
C. tried their best to help the poor in the (A)/ when the doctor who was no duty
village. (B)/ had come in time(C)/ No Error (D)
D. No error A. The patient would not have died of cancer
Answer: B B. when the doctor who was no duty
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use C. had come in time
“seldom or never/ seldom if ever” in place of D. No error
“seldom or ever”. Seldom is a negative word Answer: B
and ever is a positive word which in not a right Solution: The error will be in the part “b”. Use
construction. So, to make construction negative “if” in place of “When”. “If” is used for condition
both conjunctions should be negatives. Hence, as a conjunction and “when” is used for time.
use “never in place or ever”. 12. The amount of compensation was (A)/ not
8. Rohan was so clever that (A)/ his friends’ acceptable to (B)/ either Sunil and Rahul.
attempt to (B)/ misguide him proved to be (C)/ No Error (D)
futile. (C)/ No Error (D) A. The amount of compensation was
A. Rohan was so clever that B. not acceptable to
B. his friends’ attempt to C. either Sunil and Rahul.
C. misguide him proved to be futile. D. No error
D. No error Answer: C
Answer: D Solution: The error will be in the part “c”. Use
Solution: The given sentence is correct. “or” in place of “and”. Some conjunctions are
9. No sooner did the students find (A)/ the fixed.
solution of this problem (B)/ when 13. The old woman has had the best medical
another problem appeared. (C)/ No Error facilities available (A)/ but she will not be
(D) cured (B)/ unless she does not have a
A. No sooner did the students find strong desire to live. (C)/ No Error (D)
B. the solution of this problem A. The old woman has had the best medical
C. when another problem appeared facilities available
D. No error B. but she will not be cured
C. unless she does not have a strong desire to C. to close down the factory.
live D. No error
D. No error Answer B
Answer: C Solution: The error will be in the part “b”. Use
Solution: The error will be in the part “c”. Don’t “but” in place of “unless”. “But” is a preposition
use “not”. It is superfluous because unless is a and “unless” is a conjunction. Conjunction
negative word. A few words are negatives don’t demands a complete sentence an agreement of
use “not” after them. subject and verb. Preposition demands a noun
14. Money not only satisfies the basic or a pronoun. Here “to close” is an infinitive
physiological needs, (A)/ but also the (B)/ functioning like noun.
higher order psychological needs. (C)/ No 17. The manager ordered the team to (A)/ go
Error (D) through the project as many times as
A. Money not only satisfies the basic possible (B)/ lest you could fail(C)/ No
physiological needs Error(D)
B. but also the A. The manager ordered the team to
C. higher order psychological needs. B. go through the project as many times as
D. No error possible
Answer: A C. lest you could fail
Solution: The error will be in the part “a”. The D. no error
position of “not only” should be after satisfies. Answer: C
Conjunctions should be placed before the same Solution: The answer will be in the part “c”. Use
parts of speech. Here “not only” is placed “should” in place of “could”. Some conjunctions
before the verb “satisfies” and “but also” is take their fix modals. Use “may/might” after so
placed before article “the”. To make it correct that. Use “should” after lest. Never use “not”
place “not only” before article “the” after lest. It is a negative word.
15. As soon as my sister was ill (A)/ I went to 18. The officer was doubtful if some (A)/ of
hospital (B)/ on alternate day (C)/ No the clerks of his office (B)/ were involved
Error (D) in the bribery(C)/No Error(D)
A. As soon as my sister was ill A. The officer was doubtful if some
B. I went to hospital B. of the clerks of his office
C. on alternate day C. were involved in the bribery
D. No error D. No error
Answer: A Answer: D
Solution: The error will be in the part “a”. Use Solution: The given sentence is correct.
“When” in place of “as soon as”. “When” is used 19. I don’t know if (A)/ any of the members of
for time that something happened, happens or the party is (B)/ conspiring against the
will happen at a particular time. “As soon as” is President or not (C)/ No Error (D)
used to say that something will happen A. I don’t know if
immediately after something else has B. any of the members of the party is
happened. C. conspiring against the President or not
16. In view of the financial crisis (A)/ the D. no error
company does not have any choice unless Answer: A
(B)/ to close down the factory. (C)/ No Solution: The error will be in the part “a”. Use
Error (D) “whether” in place of “if”. Because in the part
A. In view of the financial crisis “c” we have used “or”. Some conjunctions and
B. the company does not have any choice their subordinate parts are fixed.
unless
20. Many of the founding leaders (A)/ of our Doubt/ doubtful + affirmative (sentence)+ if/
constitution are so (B)/ reverend as Dr. whether + (sentence)
Ambedkar if not more (C)/ No Error (d) Doubt/ doubtful + interrogative/ negative
A. Many of the founding leaders (sentence) + that + (sentence)
B. of our constitution are so 23. Citizens want nothing else _________ a
C. reverend as Dr. Ambedkar if not more peaceful and safe life in the city.
D. No error A. but
Answer: B B. and
Solution: The error will be in the part “a”. Use C. rather
“as” in place of “so”. “as…..as” is used in D. hence
affirmative sentences. “so…… as” is used in Answer: A
negative sentences. Given sentences is Solution: Option “A” is the correct filler. See the
affirmative. explanation below. A few conjunctions are used
Directions: Fill the appropriate conjunction in in pairs.
the given sentences 24. Although all the political parties have
21. No sooner had the teacher entered the many commitments to voters ________ I
room ________ the boys rushed to their don’t think that they will be fulfilled.
seats. A. but
A. and B. so
B. than C. yet
C. yet D. hence
D. but Answer: C
Answer: B Solution: Option “C” is the correct filler. Some
Solution: Option “B” is the correct filler. A few conjunctions have their fixed subordinate parts.
structures and their subordinate parts are fixed. They are used in pairs.
They are used in pairs. 25. A number of candidates were rejected
22. I do not have any doubt _____ a number _______ they were too young.
of politicians are making us fool at the A. because
time of election. B. hence
A. if C. so
B. that D. although
C. whether Answer: A
D. and Solution: Option “A” is the correct filler. We
Answer: B should use “because”. This conjunction is used
Solution: Option “B” is the correct filler. See the for ‘reason’. The context in the given sentence
explanation below. describes the reason of rejection. Hence
“because” is the correct answer.
 ARTICLE
Articles identify whether a noun is definite E.g. (words start with vowel)
(specific or particular) or indefinite (general or an umbrella
unspecific). For this reason, articles are divided an elephant
into two categories: Definite article, the, and an ass
Indefinite articles, a and an. an arsonist
There are two kinds of Articles: E.g. (words start with vowel sounds)
1. Indefinite Article an hour an honest boy
2. Definite Article an hourly check an honourable guest
1. Indefinite Article: "A/An” [ in the sense of an heir an heiress
one and any] an M.L.A. an M.P.
2. Definite Article: "The" [ in the sense of this an N.C.C. an H.A.L. school
and that] an H.M.T. watch an F.I.R.
Position of Articles Some Special Usages:
Rule1. [A/An/ The + Noun] 1. Indefinite article is used in the sense of
E.g. He has a car. “one”
E.g. I saw an umbrella. E.g. I saw a boy in the market.
E.g. The elephant has a trunk. In the morning a bagger came to my door.
Rule 2: [A/An/The + adjective + noun] 2. [A/An + singular countable noun =
E.g. I have a sour orange. community]
One of them is an intelligent student. E.g. A cow gives us milk
Sanyukta is the most beautiful girl in the A bagger cannot be a chooser.
town. 3. [ A/An + Proper Noun = common noun]
Rule 3: [ A/An/The + adverb + adjective + noun] E.g. He is a Vikramadity known for his justice.
E.g. He is the very best student. 4. [such/ what/ quite/ rather + A/An +
You are a very good player. adjective +noun]
Use of indefinite article [A/An] E.g. Such a beautiful girl.
Note: Use of indefinite article “A/An” is What a big fool you are!
determined by sound. Quite an unlucky person
1. “A” is used before a word beginning with a Rather an interesting novel
consonant or its sound. 5. [How/ So/ Too/ As + Adjective + A/An +
E.g. (words start with consonant) Noun]
a biographer E.g. How beautiful a girl she is !
a chauffeur Mohan is too weak a wrestler now.
a cartoonist It is so fine a day.
a teacher 6. Before a verb is used as a noun.
E.g. (words start with consonant sound) E.g. for a swim
a university for a walk for a visit
a unique concept for a shower. for a rest
a unit for a drive
a utensil 7. Before certain phrases
a European a ewe E.g. tell a lie in a hurry
a euphonic sound a universal concept have a taste have a pain
a year a yellow flower make a noise feel a shame
2. "An" is used before a word beginning with a pity take a fancy
a vowel or its sound. have a cold at a cost
 in a temper in a mood Java (island) Sumatra (island)
have a fever have a bath 2. It is used before [group/ range]
have a talk have a sleep E.g. The Andamans The West Indies
have a cough have a swim The Philippines The East Indies.
make an excuse keep a promise The Himalayas The Alps
8. Before adjectives like “little and few” for The U.S.A. The U.A.E.
the sense of some. 3. Name of transportations
a little (some quantity) E.g. The Makalu (plane)
a few (some number) The Victoria (ship)
E.g. I have a little money to give you in need. The Rajdhani Express (train)
I have a few interesting stories to read in 4. Before nationality
leisure. E.g. The Asians
9. [A/An + counting expressing words] The Indians
E.g. one and a half kilo The English
half a kilo The French
a thousand 5. It is used before the name of [religious
a hundred books/ newspaper]
10. If an uncountable noun is treated as E.g. The Ramayana The Geeta
countable, we use A/An before it. The Upanishads The Koran
E.g. This wall is made of stone (uncountable) But: Valmiki’s Ramayana
Don’t throw a stone at dogs. (countable) Homer’s Iliad.
She has beauty (uncountable) 6. The + directions
There is a beauty in our college (countable) E.g. The east The west
Marriage is a union of two souls 7. The + desert
(uncountable) E.g. The Sahara
I am going to attend a marriage tonight The Kalahari
(countable) 8. The + religious communities
Use of definite article “The” E.g. The Hindus
1. It is used before the name of [ocean/ sea/ The Christians
bay/ gulf/ river/ canal] 9. The + Physical position
E.g. The Pacific Ocean The Indian ocean E.g. In the mid
The red sea The Dead sea on the top
The Bay of Bengal The Bay of China 10. The + Celestial bodies
The Ganga The Thames E.g. The sun The moon
The Suez canal The Erie canal The universe The earth
But "If the name of the river is mentioned with 11. The + historical [empire/ caste/ place/
the name of a city, don't use "the" before them dynasty/ building/ event/ period/ age/
E.g. London on Thames political parties / movements/ war/
Stratford on Avon revolution]
We don’t use “the” before the following bays E.g. The Roman Empire The Mughal Empire
E.g. Hudson Bay The Aryans
James Bay. The Red Indians
But: [we don’t use article “the” before the The Taj Mahal
names of continent/ country/ state/ city/ The White House
village/ island/ mountain/ hill etc] The Tudor Dynasty
Mount Everest. India The Chandel Dynasty
Nanda Devi Nepal The Red fort
 The Russian Revolution E.g. Suradas in the John Milton of India.
The French Revolution Kashmir is the Switzerland of India.
The Quit India Movement. 22. Before ordinal numbers
The First world war e.g. The first The second
The civil war 23. Before the superlative degree
The Restoration Period E.g. The best student The tallest building
The Elizabethan Age 24. Before double comparatives
The Congress Party e.g. The higher you the cooler it gets
The BhartiyaJanta Party The more you study the more confusion
12. The + Musical Instruments you have.
E.g. The Tabla 25. Before selection in two
The Guitar [the + comparative degree +of the two]
The Piano E.g. Sunita is the better of the two writers.
The violin 26. [the + noun + of + noun] to fix the value of
13. The + Museums/ libraries/ hotels/ the first noun.
restaurants/ theatres/ clubs/ cinema halls] E.g. The Ram of Ramayana is the symbol of
E.g. The British Museum morality.
The New Palace 27. Before [ the + cinema/ theatre/ circus and
The British council office]
The Taj Hotel E.g. He is going to the cinema.
The Hilton 28. [The + language = inhabitants]
Rhe K.F.C. E.g. The French speak French.
The Silver City Talkies. The Hindi speak Hindi
The Lion’s Club 29. [The + Adjective = People]
14. The + some public places E.g. The rich should not laugh at the poor.
E.g. The zoo The State Bank The honest deserve the favour.
The Central Park The National Highways 30. [the + ordinal + and + ordinal + plural noun]
15. Unit of measurement E.g. I read the first and second chapters of this
E.g. Milk is sold by the liter. novel.
Banana is sold by the dozen. 31. [the + ordinal + and + the + ordinal +
16. Before armed forces singular noun]
E.g. The Army e.g. I read the first and the second chapter of
The Air Force. this novel.
17. Before dates The omission of Articles
E.g. The 10th of May. 1. Before [ Proper noun/ Abstract noun/
18. Before common nouns to give the sense of Uncountable noun etc]
an abstract noun. E.g. John Dryden was the best tragedy writer of
E.g. I found the judge in him. the 16th century.
My friend saw the sister in her. Silver is a useful material
19. In certain idiomatic phrase. Gold is very expensive in India.
E.g. in the wrong on the contrary Love is a natural feeling.
In the air speak the truth Honesty is the best policy
20. Before cups and trophies. 2. Before man, woman, humanity and
E.g. India won the Single Cup last year. mankind used in a general sense.
India won the World Cup. E.g. Man is mortal
21. Before proper noun for the sake of Woman is the better half of man.
comparison But: we can use in particular
E.g. I saw a man in the garden E.g. Holi Deepawali
There was a beautiful woman in a black Christmas Easter
dress. New Year Republic Day
3. Before the name of a disease 13. Before blood relatives [ father/ mother/
E.g. Cancer is a dreaded disease. sister/ brother]
AIDS is spreading like wildfire. But: if they are used for the title, we use 'the'
But: We can say “the plague/ the flu/ the E.g. The father was absent from church.
Mumps / the Rickets etc” The sister examined the dead body.
4. Before regular meals 14. Before the name of days and months
E.g. I take dinner at 09:00 pm daily. E.g. Monday Sunday
5. Before modes of travelling. January February
E.g. He came by car. 15. Before the name of universities.
They were travelling by air. E.g. Delhi University B.N. Mandal University
But: He came in a car. but: The University of Delhi.
6. In certain phrases The University of Meerut.
E.g. To lose heart last but not least 16. In the following phrases
To catch fire in hand E.g. at dawn, at sunrise, at sunset, at daybreak,
At home by day at noon, at midnight, around midnight, at
To catch fire to set foot. night, by night, at dusk, at twilight, before
7. Before language morning, after night, before evening, by
E.g. I can speak Hindi fluently. day and night.
Everyone speaks English in South. But: In the morning, during the morning, in the
But: I cannot speak the English language. (R) afternoon, in the evening, in the night, admire
8. Before the name of sports/ game. the sunset, etc.
E.g. Everyone likes to watch cricket in India. 17. Don’t use “the” before complement after
9. Before[ nature/ science/ parliament/ the following verbs
death/ birth/ heaven/ hell/ love/ society/ [make, become, crown, elect, select,
life etc] but in general. appoint and declare + object + countable
E.g. The bill will be presented in parliament noun (without “article”)
next week. E.g. They made him captain (R)
But: They made him a captain (W)
The parliament of India. They made him the captain (W)
You should live close to nature to improve 18. Before the following words if they are used
your health. for their primary purpose
But: [school/ college/ church/ bed / temple/
The Nature of our neighbours makes us mosque/ jail/ prison/ court/ university/
happy. market etc]
10. We don’t use article after (kind of / sort of E.g. A patient was admitted to hospital (Don’t
/ type of/ variety of + noun] use “the hospital”)
E.g. I saw a kind of the/ a snake there (W) I left my phone in the hospital [ Correct]
I saw a kind of snake there (R) Directions: In the following questions, some
11. Before name of seasons part of the sentence may have errors. Find out
E.g. in summer which part of the sentence has an error and
in winter select the appropriate option. If a sentence is
in autumn free from error, select ‘No Error’.
in spring. 1. Little knowledge of grammar (A)/ that he
12. Before the name of festivals possessed proved to be a boon for him
 (B)/ when he was helpless and facing a C. her friend
competitive exam (C)/No Error (D) D. no error
A. Little knowledge of grammar Answer: A
B. that he possessed proved to be a boon for Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
him “a little” in place of “little”.
C. when he was helpless and facing a Little: Not much hardly any (“little” has a
competitive exam negative meaning)
D. no error A little: some
Answer: A The little: not much but all there is.
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use 5. Amit Shah leads a very busy (A)/life, so he
“the little” in place of “little”. For explanation goes everywhere (B)/ by a car (C)/ No
see the usages of “little/ a little/ the little” Error (D)
below. A. Amit Shah leads a very busy
Little: Not much hardly any ( “little” has a B. life so he goes everywhere
negative meaning) C. by a car
A little: some D. no error
The little: not much but all there is. Answer: C
2. These orders of the captain (A)/ may put Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
the lives of ten thousand (B)/ soldiers in a “by car” or “in a car” in place of “by a car”. We
danger (C)/ No Error (D) never use article with the preposition “by”
A. These orders of the captain before medium of transportation.
B. may put the lives of ten thousand 6. My friend who is (A)/ a biographer is
C. soldiers in a danger better of (B)/ the two writers of this city
D. no error (C)/ No Error(D)
Answer: C A. My friend who is
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use B. a biographer is better of
“in danger” in place of “in a danger”. We never C. the two writers of this city
use indefinite article “a/an” before abstract and D. no error
uncountable nouns. Answer: B
3. Having returned from the jail (A)/ he Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
killed a number of innocent people (B)/ “the better” in place of “better”. We always use
and pushed many criminal activities (C)/ article “the” before the term “of the two” to fix
No Error (D) comparative adjective. We never use article
A. Having returned from the jail “the” before comparative degrees, but this is
B. he killed a number of innocent people the term “of the two” where we use article
C. and was pushed many criminal activities “the” before comparative degree.
D. no error 7. He has given me (A)/ lot of documents to
Answer: A read (B)/ before the presentation
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use tomorrow (C)/ No Error (D)
“from jail” in place of “from the jail”. We never A. He has given me
use article “the” before the following words if B. lot of documents to read
they are used in their primary purpose. C. before the presentation tomorrow
4. There was little cold drink in the bottle D. no error
(A)/and she gave it to (B)/ her friend (C)/ Answer: B
No Error (D) Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
A. There was little cold drink in the bottle “a lot of” or “lots of” in place of “lot of”. We
B. and she gave it to always use indefinite article “a/an” before
singular countable noun or we make it plural to C. the higher
correct the sentence D. no improvement.
8. Judge in him prevailed (A)/ upon the Answer: C
father and he (B)/ sentenced his son to Solution: Option “C” is the correct
death (C)/ No Error (D) improvement. Use “the higher”.
A. Judge in him prevailed Before double comparatives, we always use
B. upon the father and he article “the” before both comparative words.
C. sentenced his son to death 12. Supervisor has got an extensive to finish
D. no error writing his thesis.
Answer: A A. an extended
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use B. an extension
“the judge” in place of “judge”. We use article C. a extension
“the” before blood relatives or posts to show D. no improvement
the abstract idea. [ judge/ father/ mother/ Answer: B
sister/ brother] Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
But: if they are used for title, we use ‘the’ “an extension”. Given sentence is incorrect
9. The young soldier was (A)/ taken to the because we have used an adjective “extensive”
hospital because he had (B)/ been without a noun after article “an”.
wounded seriously on the battlefield (C)/ 13. A major water pollutant due to the
No Error (D) growth of large cities is the sewages.
A. The young soldier was A. a sewage
B. taken to the hospital because he had B. a sewages
C. been wounded seriously on the battlefield C. the sewage
D. no error D. no improvement
Answer: B Answer: C
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use Solution: Option “C” is the correct
“hospital” in place of “the hospital”. Article improvement. Use “the sewage”. Given
“the” is superfluous here. sentence is incorrect because “sewage” is an
10. You cannot judge the merit of a boy in uncountable noun we never make plural of it.
moment (A)/ because it always takes a 14. He met European lady at the conference
long (B)/ span of time to deliver who works for an NGO.
conclusion (C)/ No Error(D) A. European lady who works for a NGO at the
A. You cannot judge the merit of a boy in conference.
moment B. an European lady at the conference who
B. because it always takes a long works for an NGO.
C. span of time to deliver conclusion C. a European lady who works for an NGO, at
D. no error the conference.
Answer: A D. No improvement.
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use Answer: C
“in a moment” in place of “in moment”. We Solution: Option “C” is the correct
always use article “a/an” before singular improvement. Given sentence is incorrect
countable nouns. because we have not used article “a/an” for
Directions: Improve the bold part of the singular countable noun “lady”. Hence, option
sentence. “C” is the correct answer.
11. The greater the demand, higher the price. 15. If I were you, I would never write such
A. high strong worded message
B. the high A. such a strong worded message
B. such a message strong worded E.g. The Ram of Ramayana is the symbol of
C. such an strong worded message morality.
D. no improvement 19. _______ English is a very difficult
Answer: A language to understand for those who
Solution: Option “A” is the correct have never been to China.
improvement. The given sentence is incorrect A. the
because we have not used article before B. a
singular countable noun “message”. C. an
Directions: Fill the appropriate word in the D. no filler required
given sentences Answer: D
16. My friend always likes to travel by Solution: Option “D” is the correct answer. We
_________ air since he is a very busy man. never use article “the” before the name of any
A. the language. If we use article “the” before the
B. a name of a language it means people.
C. an 20. _________thing of beauty is joy forever.
D. no filler required A. a
Answer: D B. the
Solution: Option “D” is the correct answer. We C. an
never use article before medium to D. no filler required
transportation after preposition “by”. Answer: A
17. The Manager and _______ Executive Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. We
Director of our hotel is a very energetic have not specified the word “beauty” here.
person Article “the” is used to fix a noun. Article “an” is
A. the not supporting the sound of “thing”. Hence,
B. a article “a” will be appropriate here.
C. an 21. I borrowed _______ book from the school
D. no filler required library.
Answer: D A. A
Solution: Option “D” is the correct filler. We use B. The
article before both nouns if they address two C. An
different persons. We use article before the D. No filler required
first noun if both nouns address the single Answer. A
person. Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. We
18. ______ wisdom of Vikramaditya solved have not specified the word “book” here.
many riddles that people brought to him Article “the” is used to fix a noun. Article “an” is
for solution. not supporting the sound of “thing”. Hence,
A. the article “a” will be appropriate here.
B. a 22. Our neighbors have _______ dog.
C. an A. A
D. no filler required B. The
Answer: A C. An
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. For D. No filler required
the explanation see the example and rule Answer: A
below. Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. We
Rule: [the + noun + of + noun] to fix the value of have not specified the word “dog” here. Article
the first noun. “the” is used to fix a noun. Article “an” is not
supporting the sound of “thing”. Hence, article Note: We cannot put two Group A determines
“a” will be appropriate here. together.
23. My friend is fluent in ______ Spanish. E.g. We can’t say the my friend.
A. A Group B
B. The Most of these are quantifiers. They say how
C. An much or how many we are talking about.
D. No filler required Some, any, no, each, every, either, neither,
Answer: D much, many, most, little, a little, the little, few,
Solution: We never use article “the” before the a few, the few, few, fewer, fewest, all, both,
name of any language. half, what, whatever, which, whichever.
24. The Narendra Modi Stadium, is Group B determiners can be used before,
_________ Indian cricket stadium singular, plural and uncountable nouns.
situated inside the Sardar Vallabhbhai We can put two Group B determiners together.
Patel Sports Enclave. We meet every few days.
A. A Have you got any more coffee?
B. The Usages
C. An 1. Group B determines can be used directly
D. No filler required before a noun without "of".
Answer: C E.g. I don’t have any sugar.
Solution: Here ‘Indian’ is an Adjective. And as There are many students in the class.
per the given sentence usage of ‘an’ is correct. I want much money.
25. I am learning to play _______ guitar on But: if we want to put a Group B determiner
weekends. before a noun that has a Group A determiner
A. A (article, demonstrative and possessive) we have
B. The to use of
C. An - Some people Some of the people
D. No filler required - Which friend Which of your friends
Answer: B - Each child Each of my children
Solution: as per the given sentence, usage of - Enough remarks Enough of those
article ‘the’ is correct here. remarks
Determiners: - Neither door Neither of the doors
"Determiners are words like a, an, the, my, this, - Some shops Some of those shops.
some, every, enough, several they come before Note: A Group B Determiners + of can be used
a noun or a noun phrase but they are not directly before a noun in a few cases
adjectives" This happens with proper nouns such as place
They are divided into two groups names, and sometimes with uncountable nouns
Group A that refer to the whole of a subject or activity.
These help to identify things to say whether Most of India is facing fighting against
they are known or unknown to the listener. pandemics.
Which one speaker is talking about. Whether Much of philosophy is concerned with
the speaker is thinking of particular examples or questions that have no answers.
speaking in general etc. There are three kinds. Rule
a. Articles: A, An, The Group B + of + Pronoun
b. My, your, his, her, its, our your, their, one’s Most of us
whose Neither of us
c. Demonstrative: this, that, these and those, Which of them.
etc. Rule
No, None and Every, Everyone Some important rules
No friends 1. [no/ some/ any/many/few/ each/ all +
every player Another] “wrong”
None of my friends [ no/ some/ any/many/few/ each/ all +
every one of the players. Other] “Right”
All (of), both (of), half (of) 2. [My/our/your/his/hers/its/theirs +
We can leave out "of" after all, both, and a half Another] “Wrong”
if they are followed by nouns but not when they [My/our/your/his/ hers/its/theirs + Other]
are followed by pronouns. “Right”
All (of) his ideas. All - none
All (of) her income. Every - no
Both (of) my parents Both - neither
but all of us. (not all us) Somebody - Nobody
Rule: Certain Group “B” determiners are All boys are not present in the class
followed by Group “A” determiners. (wrong)
They are many, most, little, least, and few. No boys are present (Right)
His many novels. Not all boys are present (Right)
These few features the least time the most All boys are absent (Right)
money a little time a few questions

Determiners
Direction – Fill in the blanks with another, Answer: either
other, the other, others, either or neither. 9. We spent the night in a small village and
1. Mohan came to see us …………. day. It was continued our journey ………… day.
last Friday, I think. Answer: the other
Answer: Another 10. When shall we meet: at 7 or at 7.30? -I
2. You can’t use those screwdrivers ……….. of don’t mind ………… time is convenient
them is suitable for the job. Answer: either
Answer: neither Directions Fill in the blanks with each or every.
3. I met two strangers on the way to work. 1. They seem to be repairing ……….. road in
One of them greeted me and ……….. didn’t. the country.
Answer: the other Answer: Every
4. Some people like to have the windows 2. ……….. road is clearly signposted.
open all the time; ………… don’t. Answer: Each
Answer: others 3. There’s a fire extinguisher on ………… floor
5. I met John a year ago, but I’ve ………. Seen of the building.
him nor heard from him since. Answer: Every
Answer: neither 4. ………… floor in the building has its own fire
6. Say what you like about those two extinguisher.
applicants. I didn’t like ……….. of them! Answer: Each
Answer: either 5. They both did well and they will ………
7. I can’t see him today. I’II have to see him receive prizes.
……….. day. Answer: Each
Answer: Another 6. ______ (one/few/an) example helps
8. I don’t know who’s on the phone. It’s understand concepts better.
………… your mother or your aunt. Answer: An
7. ______ (India/India’s) cultural diversity 1. This town isn’t very well-known and there
attracts tourists from all over the world. isn’t much to see, so ……….. tourists come
Answer: India’s here.
8. That house at the corner of the street Answer: few
belong to ________ (many/those) people 2. I don’t think John would be a good teacher.
who are standing near its gate. He’s got ……….. patience with children.
Answer: those Answer: little
9. ______ (little/a little) milk is required for a 3. Kamal has shifted in this city just a few days
cup of tea. ago, hence he has …………. Friends here.
Answer: A little Answer: few
10. ______ (little/a little) milk is required for a 4. “Would you like some more cake?’ –“Yes,
cup of tea. please, but only …………
Answer: some Answer: A little
Directions: Fill in the blanks with few/a 5. There are very …………. Scholarships for
few/the few or little/a little/the little. students in this university.
Answer: few
 TIME AND TENSE
“A tense may be defined as the form of a verb which shows the time and the state of an action”
Classification of Tense:
Present Past Future
Indefinite Indefinite Indefinite
Continuous Continuous Continuous
Perfect Perfect Perfect
Perfect continuous Perfect continuous Perfect continuous
Helping verbs in active voice
Present Past Future
Verb + s/es Verb IInd Will / Shall + VIst
Or Or
Indefinite verb Ist Did + V Ist
Or
do/does + V Ist
Continuous Is/ Am/Are + V(ing) Was/ were Will be/ shall be + V(ing)
+V(ing)
Perfect Has/have + VIIIrd Had + VIIIrd Will have / shall have + VIIIrd
Perfect Has been / have been + V Had been + V Will have been / Shall have
continuous (ing) + time (since/ for) (ing) + time been + V (ing) + time
(since/for) (since/for)
Helping verbs in passive voice.
Present Past Future
Indefinite Is/ am / are + VIIIrd Was were + VIIIrd Will / Shall + be + VIIIrd
Continuous Is/ Am/Are + being + VIIIrd Was/ were + being + No passive
VIIIrd
Perfect Has / have + been + VIIIrd Had + been + VIIIrd Will have been / shall
have been + VIIIrd
Perfect continuous No passive No passive No passive
Basic Structure
Affirmative: Subject + helping verb + main verb + object.
Negative: Subject + helping verb + not + main verb + object.
Interrogative: Helping verb + subject + not + main verb + object?
Question word + helping verb + subject + not + main verb + object?
Note: “Not” is optional in “Interrogative sentences”.
Present Indefinite We use the present simple to talk about
Structure: general facts that are always true and
Affirmative: Subject + Main Verb + Object. permanent about the world:
Negative: Subject + Do/Does + Not + Verb (Ist) E.g. The earth moves around the sun.
+ Object The Earth is round.
Interrogative: Do/Does + Subject + Not + (Ist) + Man is mortal.
Object? Nine times ten makes ninety.
Question: Word + Do/Does + Subject + Not + (10 x 10 = 100)
(Ist) + Object? There is always a holiday on the last first Friday
Note: “Not” is optional in “Interrogative in August in India.
Sentences”. Time passes very quickly when you get
a. General truths and facts older.
b. We use the present simple to talk about Question: Word + Is/Am/Are + Subject + Not +
general facts that we think are true and Verb (ing) + Object?
permanent at present: Note: “Not” is optional in “Interrogative
E.g. Mr. Rohan Thakur doesn’t teach me but Sentences”.
she teaches my sister. Events at the time of speaking
Do you live in Bangalore? My cousin lives We use the present continuous to talk about
there too. events that are in progress at the moment of
Spiders don’t frighten me. speaking:
Martha does what she wants. No one tells E.g. She is pressing the button but nothing is
her what to do. happening.
c. Adverb of frequency: “It is always used in You are working hard and getting a lot of
indefinite” happiness.
E.g. Daily, always, usually, never, seldom, Note: Never use "ing" with the following verbs
hardly, scarcely, rarely, sometimes, often, if they are used in their general form. These
sporadically, continually, intermittently, verbs are known as "static" verbs.
and (every + time) E.g. Every day, every Use of Senses
week, every month, etc. Touch, taste, smell, see and hear, etc.
E.g. Indians usually take tea in the morning as a Mental State and Emotion
refreshing drink. Believe, Doubt, Feel, Hate, Imagine, know, like,
(Don’t say are taking) dislike, love prefer, realise, recognize,
Being religious people, they occasionally remember, suppose, think, understand, want,
visit the temple. wish.
(Don’t say are visiting) Communicating and Causing reactions
d. If a sentence starts with “here and there”. Agree, appear, astonish, deny disagree,
We use present indefinite with inversion. impress, look, mean, please, promise, satisfy,
E.g. Here comes my bus! seem, surprise, etc.
There goes your best friend! Others
e. We never use “since or for” in indefinite or Be, belong, concern, consist, contain, depend,
continuous. deserve, fit, include, involve, lack, matter,
E.g. I know my friend since childhood (W) measure, need, owe, own, possess and have
I have known my friend since childhood (R) etc.
f. Future Arrangements: E.g. I am believing him unconditionally. (W)
E.g. The prime minister goes to the U.S.A. next I believe him unconditionally (R)
week. (Don't say will go) One of those film stars is having a good
We celebrate our Republic day on the 26th friend following. (W)
of January. One of those film stars has a good friend
(Don’t say will celebrate) following (R)
These words are used to show continuous
Present Continuous actions.
Structure: E.g. While, at the moment, still, now presently,
Affirmative: Subject + Is/Am/Are+ Verb (ing) + at present etc.
Object. E.g. At present, I am working for an
Negative: Subject + Is/Am/Are + Not + Verb international organization.
(ing) + Object
Interrogative: Is/Am/Are + Subject + Not + Verb
(ing) + Object?
Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous
Structure: Structure:
Affirmative: Subject + Has/ Have + Verb (IIIrd) + Affirmative: Subject + Has/ Have + Been + Verb
Object. (ing) + Object + (Since/for with time)
Negative: Subject + Has/ Have + Not + Verb Negative: Subject + Has/ Have + Not + Been +
(IIIrd) +Object Verb (ing) + Object + (Since/ for with time)
Interrogative: Has/ Have + Subject + Not + Verb Interrogative: Has/ Have + Subject + Not + Been
(IIIrd) + Object? + Verb (ing) + Object + (Since/ for with time)?
Question: Word + Has/ Have + Subject + Not + Question: Word + Has/ Have + Subject + Not +
Verb (IIIrd) + Object? Been + Verb (ing) + Object + (Since/ for with
Note: “Not” is optional in “Interrogative time) ?
Sentences”. Note: “Not” is optional in “Interrogative
Sentences”.
Experiences
E.g. It has been snowing in J & K since last ten
We use the present perfect simple to talk about
days.
our experiences up to now. The time of the
They have been fighting against corruption
experiences is not important:
for twenty years.
E.g. We’re going to Connaught Place for dinner
tonight. I’ve been there a couple of times
Past Indefinite
before.
Structure:
E.g. All the students have submitted their
Affirmative: Subject + Verb (IInd)+ Object.
assignments on time.
Negative: Subject + Did + Not + Verb (Ist)+
One of those swimmers has swum across
Object
the river.
Interrogative: Did + Subject + Not + Verb (Ist) +
Past events, present results
Object?
We use the present perfect simple when a
Question: Word + Did + Subject + Not + Verb
single past action has a connection with the
(Ist) + Object?
present:
Note: “Not” is optional in “Interrogative
E.g. She’s broken her arm in two places. (Her
Sentences”.
arm is still broken now.)
E.g. Gardener watered the plants
Why haven’t you dressed in something
He did not consolidate all the companies.
warmer?
Did one of them catapult her from the car?
(You got dressed in the past but the clothes
Time Words: yesterday, the previous day, that
are not warm enough for now.)
day, ago, late, any point of time in past (in
A fire has broken out at a disused hotel on
2010,1983 etc.), last + time (last week, last
the seafront.
month etc.)
(The fire is burning now; it’s a recent event
E.g. India became free in 1947
too.)
A famous company started its new venture
a. These words are used in perfect
in the capital of India last year.
E.g. Hardly, scarcely, already, lately, of late, yet,
Rule: [Past indefinite + Time = Present Perfect]
recently, so far, before, by the time etc.
E.g. India faced many invasions since
E.g. I have just finished the novel.
independence. (W)
My friends have not watched any new
India has faced many invasions since
Hollywood movies lately.
independence (R)
Rule: If a sentence starts with “it is high time
that/ it is about time that/ it is good time that/
it is time that” we always use past Indefinite.
E.g. It is high time that you should start your Past Perfect Continuous
studies. (W) Structure:
It is high time that you started your studies (R) Affirmative: Subject + Had + Been + Verb (ing)
+ Object + (Since/ for with time)
Past Continuous Negative: Subject + Had + Not + Been + Verb
Structure: (ing) + Object +
Affirmative: Subject + Was/Were + Verb (ing) + (Since/ for with time)
Object. Interrogative Had+ Subject + Not + Been + Verb
Negative: Subject + Was/Were + Not + Verb (ing) + Object + (Since/ for with time)?
(ing) +Object Question Word + Had + Subject + Not + Been +
Interrogative: Was/Were + Subject + Not + Verb (ing) + Object + (Since/ for with time)?
Verb (ing) + Object ? Note: “Not” is optional in “Interrogative
Question: Word + Was/Were + Subject + Not + Sentences”.
Verb (ing) + Object? E.g. The builders had been putting up the
Note: “Not” is optional in “Interrogative scaffolding when the roof fell in.
Sentences”. They had been supporting such evil
E.g. A number of sales representatives were practices for a long time.
going on strike.
My friend was writing an essay on Future Indefinite
democracy. Affirmative: Subject + Will/ Shall + Verb (Ist) +
Object.
Past Perfect Negative: Subject + Will/ Shall + Not + Verb (Ist)
Structure: + Object
Affirmative: Subject + Had+ Verb (IIIrd) + Interrogative: Will/ Shall + Subject + Not + Verb
Object. (Ist) + Object?
Negative: Subject + Had + Not + Verb (IIIrd) + Question Word + Will/ Shall + Subject + Not +
Object (Ist) + Object?
Interrogative: Had + Subject + Not + Verb (IIIrd) Note: “Not” is optional in “Interrogative
+ Object? Sentences”.
Question: Word + Had + Subject + Not + Verb E.g. I shall play Holi with my friends tomorrow.
(IIIrd) + Object? They will work day and night to improve
Note: “Not” is optional in “Interrogative the condition of the country
Sentences”.
E.g. The manager had provided a task to every Will and shall: uses
employee. Predictions
They had had their dinner in a five-star We use will and shall to make predictions and
hotel. to state facts about the future:
NOTE: If two actions occurred in the past the E.g. There will be strong winds tomorrow in the
first finished action will be in Past south of the country.
Perfect and the second in Past Indefinite. The year 2025 will be the four-hundredth
E.g. John Keats had composed his first ode anniversary of the founding of the
before his friend provided him a new university.
theme. Shall with I and we
As soon as we had reached the station, the We can use shall instead of will with I and we in
train had left. statements. Its use is more formal:
E.g. We shall never forget the holiday we had Future Perfect
in Vietnam. Structure:
Note: This tense expresses an action that is to Affirmative: Subject + Will /Shall + Have + Verb
be taken in near future. (IIIrd) + Object.
Time words: “soon, shortly, in a few moments, Negative: Subject + Will/ Shall + Not + Have +
tomorrow, next year, next month, next week” Verb (IIIrd) + Object
E.g. They will join us shortly. Interrogative: Will/Shall + Subject + Not + Have
My friend will come here next month. + Verb (IIIrd) + Object?
Note: The present simple is used to refer to Question Word + Will/Shall + Subject + Not +
events in the future that are certain because Have + Been + Verb (IIIrd) + Object?
they are facts, or because there is a clear or Note: “Not” is optional in “Interrogative
fixed schedule or timetable: Sentences”.
E.g. My wife’s birthday falls on a Sunday next
year. (a known fact about the future) Events finished by a certain time in the future
He has his driving test next week, doesn't We use the future perfect form when we look
he? (a fixed arrangement) back to the past from a point in the future. We
The train arrives at 20.12. (a timetable) usually use a time phrase, for example by
What time does their flight to Seoul leave? tomorrow, for three years:
(a schedule) E.g. Do you think my mother will have seen the
doctor by four o'clock?
Future Continuous Next month my parents will have been
Structure: together for thirty years.
Affirmative: Subject + Will/ Shall + Be + Verb At the end of this month, they will have
(ing) + Object. been in their house for one year.
Negative: Subject + Will/ Shall + Not + Be + Verb Next month I will have worked for the
(ing) + Object company for six years.
Interrogative: Will/ Shall + Subject + Not + Be + I think they’ll have got there by six o’clock.
Verb (ing) +Object?
Question: Word + Will/ Shall + Subject + Not + Future Perfect Continuous
Be + Verb (ing) + Object ? Structure:
Note: “Not” is optional in “Interrogative Affirmative: Subject + Will/Shall + Have + Been
Sentences”. + Verb (ing) + Object + (Since/ for with time)
Note: This tense is used to express an action Negative: Subject + Will/Shall + Not + Have +
that will be in progress at a point in time in the Been + Verb (ing) + Object + (Since/ for with
future. time)
E.g. My friend will be waiting for me in the Interrogative: Will/Shall + Subject + Not + Have
library when I reach there. + Been + Verb (ing) + Object +(Since/for with
Probably, it will be raining when you reach time)?
Patna. Question: Word + Will/Shall+ Subject + Not +
This time next week, I’ll be taking Have +Been + Verb (ing) + Object + (Since/ for
photographs with my new camera. with time)?
Next week they will be flying to Australia Note: “Not” is optional in “Interrogative
from Saudi Arabia. Sentences”.
She will not be working on Tuesday. Emphasising the length of an event at a time in
the future
We use the future perfect continuous form • Time – 2: 20 pm and 6:00 am
when we are looking back to the past from a etc
point in the future and we want to emphasise • Date of birth
the length or duration of an activity or event: • Date of death
E.g. In September, the headteacher will have • Past indefinite
been teaching at the school for 20 years. • Yesterday, the previous day, dawn, noon
In September, she will have been living in and midnight etc.
France for a year. • Last/ past + time expressing word – since
I will have been studying English for three last two days, since past three months etc.
years by the end of this course. Use of for: it is used of the span of time of
We’re late. I think they’ll have been indefinite time.
waiting for us. We’d better go. • Days – for two days,
• Months – for ten months
Use of since and for • Year – for nine years.
Since: it is used for point of time or definite time • For years
• Name of days – Monday, Sunday…. • For centuries
• Name of months – January, February …… • For months etc.
• Name of years – 2010. 1987…… • For + the + last/ past + indefinite time.
• Name of centuries – 16th c. E.g. He has been working on this project since
• Name of festivals – Holi, Deepawali last ten months.
• Name of seasons – autumn, summer He has been working on this project for the
• Before events – since his arrival, since last ten months.
her marriage.
• Period of life – childhood, adolescence

Table
Some important verbs to learn
The first form (Ist form) Past tense (IInd form) Past participle (IIIrd form) Present participle
Fall Fell Fallen Falling
Fell Felled Felled Felling
Find Found Found Founding
Found Founded Founded Founding
Wind Wound Wound Winding
Wound Wounded Wounded Wounding
Hang Hanged Hanged Hanging
Hang Hung Hung Hanging
Lie Lied Lied Lying
Lie Lay Lain Lying
Lay Laid Laid Laying

Directions: In the following questions, some A. Of late

part of the sentence may have errors. Find out B. she did not go
which part of the sentence has an error and C. to any movie
select the appropriate option. If a sentence is D. no error
free from error, select ‘No Error’. Answer: B
1. Of late (A)/she did not go (B)/ to any Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
movie (C)/ no error(D) “have not gone” in place of “did not go”.
2. She will already return (A)/ home (B)/ D. no error
when he arrives (C)/ no error (D) Answer: C
A. She will already return Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
B. Home “moves” in place of “moved”. All the facts and
C. when he arrives universal ideas are discussed in Present
D. no error Indefinite.
Answer: A 7. The other day my sister told me (A)/ that
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use she will be moving (B)/ to her new
“will have already returned” in place of “will apartment (C)/ no error(D)
already return”. A. The other day my sister told me
3. By the time (A)/ she comes (B)/ he will B. that she will be moving
have completed the work (C)/ no error(D) C. to her new apartment
A. By the time D. no error
B. she comes Answer: B
C. he will have completed the work Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
D. no error “would” in place of “will”. We always use Past
Answer: D tense in Subordinate Clause if Principle Clause
Solution: The given sentence is correct. is in Past.
4. He asked if (A)/ it was favourable time 8. It is high time (A)/ we renovate (B)/our
(B)/ we should go to beach (C)/ no error old house (C)/ No error (D)
(D) A. It is high time
A. He asked if B. we renovate
B. it was favourable time C. our old house
C. we should go to beach D. no error
D. no error Answer: B
Answer: C Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use “renovated” in place of “renovate”. We always
“went” in place of “should go”. use Past Indefinite after the following phrases
5. As soon as I shall reach to (A)/ New Delhi “it is time/ it is good time/ it is favourable time
I shall send you the file (B)/ you have etc.
asked for (C)/ no error (D) 9. Since the arrival of Mr. Broker T
A. As soon as I shall reach to Washington in India (A)/ he is visiting as
B. New Delhi I shall send you the file many places as he can (B)/ to get the
C. you have asked for firsthand knowledge of rural India (C)/ no
D. no error error (D)
Answer: A A. Since the arrival of Mr. Broker T
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use Washington in India
“reach” in place of “shall reach”. We never use B. he is visiting as many places as he can
‘will or shall’ after the following conjunctions. C. to get the firsthand knowledge of rural
E.g. before, when, as soon as, by the time, if, India
unless, until, till, as if, as though etc. D. no error
6. My cousin cannot understand (A)/ why his Answer: B
teacher says that (B)/ the earth moved Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
round the sun (C)/ no error (D) “has been visiting” in place of “is visiting”. We
A. My cousin cannot understand always use Perfect Continuous if [Continuous +
B. why his teacher says that Since/for] is mentioned.
C. the earth moved round the sun
10. By two o’clock yesterday (A)/ I called on 14. Conventionally speaking men are
her twice but she was not (B)/ at her supposed to earn while (A)/ women are
home (C)/ no error (D) supposed to sit at home (B)/ do house
A. By two o’clock yesterday work and bringing up the children (C)/ no
B. I called on her twice but she was not error (D)
C. at her home A. Conventionally speaking men are
D. no error supposed to earn while
Answer: B B. women are supposed to sit at home
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use C. do house work and bringing up the
“had called” in place of “called”. We always use children
Perfect with span of time. D. no error
11. I admired (A)/ him since the day (B)/ I met Answer: C
her (C)/ no error (D) Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
A. I admired “bring” in place of “bringing”. In the given
B. him since the day structure a general statement in mentioned. All
C. I met her the general statements are mentioned in
D. no error Present Indefinite.
Answer: A 15. I saw a beautiful and gorgeous girl (A)/ a
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use couple of times (B)/ since May (C)/ no
“have admired” in place of “admired”. We error (D)
always use Past Indefinite after “since” and the A. I saw a beautiful and gorgeous girl
remaining clause will be in Present Perfect. B. a couple of times
12. I am sorry that (A)/ you left your book in C. since May
the (B)/ library when you came here last D. no error
time (C)/ no error (D) Answer: A
A. I am sorry that Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
B. you left your book in the “have seen” in place of “saw”. “Since” is a time
C. library when you came here last time word it cannot be used in Indefinite or
D. no error Continuous sentences.
Answer: B Directions: Improve the bracketed part of the
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use sentence, if the given sentence is correct mark
“had left” in place of “left”. If two actions the answer as no improvement.
occurred in the Past the first finished action will 16. The state has (decline to negotiate) any
be in Past Perfect and the second in Past more trade-offs on this proposal or
Indefinite. Here, “he left the book” is the first accept calls for stringent transparency
action so “had left” will be the correct answer. requirements.
13. One of my relatives (A)/ is having a big A. declined to negotiation
house in (B)/ a posh colony in Delhi (C)/ B. declined to negotiating
no error (D) C. declined to negotiate
A. One of my relatives D. No improvement
B. is having a big house in Answer: C
C. a posh colony in Delhi Solution: Option “C” is the correct
D. no error improvement. The bracket part is incorrect
Answeer: B because we always use [has/ have/ had + V
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use IIIrd].
“has” in place of “is having”.
17. The purpose of speaking is to 21. The unpleasant feeling (passes) and she
communicate, (I chose words that are the glanced guardedly up at him.
best) for the idea I want to convey. A. passing
A. I am choosing words that were the best B. has passed
B. I did choose words that are the best C. passed
C. I choose words that are the best D. No improvement
D. No improvement Answer: C
Answer: C Solution: Option “C” is the correct
Solution: Option “C” is the correct improvement. The bracket part is wrong
improvement. The bracket part is incorrect because the verb after “and” is in Past so the
because “chose” is in the past and “are” is in the answer should be in Past.
Present. Both sentences should be in the Past 22. Affirmations are positive statements that
or Present. (describes) a desired situation or goal and
18. One to spearhead this campaign is an IT are often repeated, in order to get them
professional, known for (having working) on impressed on the sub conscious mind.
net neutrality and founded Internet Freedom A. describing
Foundation. B. describe
A. having work C. is describing
B. have working D. No improvement
C. having worked Answer: B
D. No improvement Solution: Option “B” is the correct
Answer: C improvement. The bracket part is wrong
Solution: Option “C” is the correct because Relative Pronoun “that” is used for
improvement. We always use third form of the “statements” which is plural so the verb after
verb after “having”. Relative Pronoun should be plural.
19. She dithered very time she (make) a 23. Through the practice of repeated
decision. affirmations, we can make great progress
A. makes on our chosen path and (increasing) our
B. had to make magnetism to succeed in anything.
C. will make A. increased
D. No improvement B. have increased
Answer: B C. increase
Solution: Option “B” is the correct D. No improvement
improvement. The bracket part in the given Answer: C
sentence is incorrect because subject “she” is Solution: Option “C” is the correct
singular and verb “make” is plural. improvement. The bracket part is incorrect
20. She emanated ebullience as she (learn) because we use bare infinitive after modals.
about her first rank in the exam. 24. A beautiful and scape, full of green
A. learnt vegetation, will not just attract our
B. learning Attention but (fillus) with infinite
C. had learn satisfaction.
D. No improvement A. will fill us
Answer: A B. filled us
Solution: Option “A” is the correct C. fill them
improvement. The bracket part is incorrect D. No improvement
because subject “she” is singular and verb Answer: A
“learn” is plural.
Solution: Option “A” is the correct It is used for uncertain events or situations
improvement. The bracket part is incorrect E.g. Ask your brother if he is coming to the
because verb “fill” does not satisfy the meaning party (he may/ may not come)
of the sentence. If I see the teacher, I’ll inform him about
25. The granaries of India are trapped in a your health (I may/may not inform)
dangerous vicious cycle of input use,
where increased dumping of fertilizer in Unreal Conditionals
the wrong combinations (has rendered) If + were + infinitive
the soil incapable of regenerating itself, (To talk about an imaginary future situation, a
which in turn escalates input use. situation in the if clause unlikely to happen)
A. have rendered E.g. If you were to play well, you would be a
B. is rendered part of this team.
C. had render If the laptops were to become available,
D. No improvement we would be able to expand a business.
Answer: D
Solution: the given sentence is correct. Semi-Closed Condition
To talk about the past situations that did not
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES happen, we use a past perfect tense in ‘if
Generally, Conditional Sentences are divided clause + would have + past participle in result
into two parts. clause’.
1. Real / open condition (probable/ likely) E.g. If I had saved the address on my phone, I
2. Unreal Conditions/semi-open (improbable could have saved myself from trouble.
or unlikely) If I hadn’t had one great piece of luck, the
3. Semi-Closed Condition plan might not have worked.
If one of them had come to me, I would
Real Conditionals: have helped him.
In this condition, we usually use a present If he had played well, he would have been
tense verb in the ‘if clause’ to talk about the selected.
future. If you had worked harder, you would have
E.g. If you leave now, you will be able to catch passed the exam.
the 08:30 pm train.
If you work hard, you will get success. Some Important Point to Remember
If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the The difference in present and past tense in
office. conditional sentences
If you join the library, you can borrow E.g. If I become president, I’ll help all of them.
books. (Candidate in an election)
When to make offers, instructions, and advice If I became president, I would help all of
we use an imperative sentence in the main them (a schoolboy)
clause. If I win this race, I’ll make my country
E.g. If you are going to market, do me a favour. proud (fastest runner in the race)
Take another piece of bread, if you are If I won the race, I would make my country
hungry. proud (slowest runner in the race)
If you have a phone, please you silent Will it be alright if I bring a friend? (direct
mode before entering the premises. request)
When facts are mentioned Would it be alright if I brought a friend?
E.g. The video poses if you press the button. (less direct more polite)
If you heat ice, it turns into vapour.
Rule: We never use “that” after (I wish, I think, 2. If it snowed (A)/ tomorrow (B)/ we’ll
I suppose, I hope and I fear, etc ) goskating (C)/ No Error (D)/
E.g. I wish that my home were on the moon (W) A. If it snowed tomorrow
I wish my home were on the moon (R) B. we’ll go
Use of inversion C. skating
E.g. If you had stolen money, you would have D. no error
been punished (R) Answer: A
Had you stolen money, you would have Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
been punished (R) [inversion] “if it snows” in place of “if it snowed”. Here the
If I were a leader, I would take action right answer will be in present indefinite “if it
against terrorism (R) snows”
Were I a leader, I would take action against Future condition: [if + Present Indefinite, Future
terrorism (R) [inversion] Indefinite]
Never use two conditional words in a 3. If I would have (A)/worked regularly (B)/I
sentence. would have passed the examination
E.g. Suppose if you are working with us, you (C)/No Error (D)
will get the desired salary and facilities. (W) A. If I would have
If you are working with us, you will get the B. worked regularly
desired salary and facilities. (R) C. I would have passed the examination
Suppose you are working with us, you will D. No error
get the desired salary and facilities. (R) Answer: A
We never use “not” after ‘Unless and Until” Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
because these are negative words. “had” in place of “would have”. This is the past
E.g. Unless you do not play well, they will not condition and the structure is (if +had + V IIIrd,
select you. (Wrong) sub + would/ should/could/might + have + V
Unless you play well, they will not select IIIrd)
you. (Right) 4. If you had not come in time (A)/the child
would have taken away (B)/by the dacoits
Directions: In the following questions, some (C)/No Error(D)
part of the sentence may have errors. Find out A. If you had not come in time
which part of the sentence has an error and B. the child would have taken away
select the appropriate option. If a sentence is C. by the dacoits
free from error, select ‘No Error’. D. no error
1. Unless these differences will be resolved Answer: B
soon (A)/ there will be an adverse (B)/ Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
effect on foreign investment(C)/ No Error “would have been taken” in place of “would
(D) have taken”.This sentence should be in passive
A. Unless these differences will be resolved voice because child is taken away by the
soon dacoits.
B. there will be an adverse 5. Had Preeti worked hard (A)/she will have
C. effect on foreign investment (B)/got the job she desired (C)/No
D. no error Error(D)
Answer: A A. Had Preeti worked hard
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use B. she will have
“differences are resolved” in place of C. got the job she desired
“difference will be resolved. D. no error
Answer: B C. faced this situation
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use D. no error
‘would” in place of ‘will”. It is past condition and Answer: B
the rule is below. Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
Past condition [if + sub + had + V IIIrd, sub + “would not have” in place of “would have not”.
would/should/could + have + V IIIrd] This error is related to the position of adverb in
6. If he had informed me (A)/of his a sentience. The position of “not” in a sentence
difficulties, I would have send (B)/the will be after the root helping verb.
money (C)/No Error(D) 10. Would have Yuvraj Singh done wonders
A. If he had informed me (A)/ if he had been selected (B)/ for the
B. of his difficulties, I would have send last innings? (C)/ no error (D)
C. the money A. Would have Yuvraj Singh done wonders
D. no error B. if he had been selected
Answer: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use C. for the last innings?
“would have sent” in place of “would have D. No error
send”. We always use third form of the verb Answer: A
after “sub + would have/ should have/ could Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
have etc” “would Yuvraj Singh have” in place of “would
7. If you do notwork hard (A)/you will not have Yuvraj Singh”. In compound helping verbs
succeed (B)/in the examination (C)/No we only use root word before subject to make
Error (D) interrogative sentences.
A. If you do not work hard 11. Pulwama mishap could be averted if (A)/
B. you will not succeed army and intelligence department (B)/
C. in the examination had taken timely actions (C)/ no error (D)
D. no error A. Pulwama mishap could be averted if
Answer: D B. army and intelligence department
Solution: The given sentence is correct. C. had taken timely actions
8. Farmers would not fight against (A)/ D. no error
government, if they had been (B)/ Answer: A
provided negotiable amount of their Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
crops (C)/ no error (D) “could have been averted” in place of “could be
A. Farmers would not fight against averted”. The structure of past condition (if +
B. government, if they had been had + V IIIrd,sub + would/ should/could/might
C. provided negotiable amount of their crops + have + V IIIrd) but the given structure is in
D. no error passive voice so use “been”.
Answer: A 12. He has (A)/ saved his son if he had been
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use (B)/ provided with money on time (C)/ no
“would not have fought” in place of “would not error (D)
fight”. It is the past condition and in past A. He has
condition if clause is (had + V IIIrd) and result B. saved his son if he had been
clause (sub + would/should/could/might + have C. provided with money on time
+V IIIrd) D. no error
9. If we had learnt (A)/ English already we Answer: A
would have not (B)/ faced this situation Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
(C)/ no error (D) “would have” in place of “has”. This is the past
A. If we had learnt condition and the structure is (if + had + V IIIrd,
B. English already we would have not
sub + would/ should/could/might + have + V B. forest is such dense, he would
IIIrd) C. not come here for hunting.
13. If you freeze (A)/ water below 00 D. No error
Celsius,(B)/ it will convert into ice (C)/ no Answer: D
error (D) Solution: The given sentience is correct.
A. If you freeze 17. If one of you (A)/ will help the needy, (B)/
B. water below 00 Celsius you will be blessed by God (C)/ no error
C. it will convert into ice (D)
D. no error A. If one of you
Answer: C B. will help the needy,
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use C. you will be blessed by God
“converts” in place of “will convert”. This is the D. no error
structure of universal truth so use present Answer: B
indefinite in both clauses. Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer.
14. Unless students are not able to Don’t us “will” in the section “B”. It is
understand (A)/ the basics of language, superfluous. We never use (will or shall) after
they will not be able (B)/ to solve the the following conjunctions (when/ before/
logical questions (C)/ no error (D) unless/ until/ if/ suppose/ provided that etc.)
A. Unless students are not able to understand 18. The Prime Minister has said that India
B. the basics of language, they will not be would not have spent so much on
able defence(A)/if some of the neighbouring
C. to solve the logical questions countries (B)/adopted the policy of
D. no error restricting defence expenditure (C)/No
Answer: A Error (D)
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use A. The Prime Minister has said that India
“are able to” in place of “are not able to”. We would not have spent so much on defence
never use “not” after the following words B. if some of the neighbouring countries
(hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, unless, until, C. adopted the policy of restricting defence
seldom, lest). expenditure
15. Suppose if (A)/ one of the best players got D. no error
(B)/ injuries would we stop playing? (C)/ Answer: C
no error (D) Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
A. Suppose if “had adopted” in place of “adopted”.
B. one of the best players got 19. If I would have realized (A)/what a bad
C. injuries would we stop playing? driver you were (B)/I would not have
D. No error come with you (C)/No Error(D)
Answer: A A. If I would have realized
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. We B. what a bad driver you were
are using two conditional words together in C. I would not have come with you
part “A”, So remove any of them. Either use “if” D. no error
or “suppose” to make this construction error Answer: A
free. Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
16. Had the hunter realized that the (A)/ “had realized” in place of “would have
forest is such dense, he would (B)/ not realized”. This is the past condition.
have come here for hunting. (C)/ no error Past Condition: [if + had + V IIIrd , Sub + would/
(D) should/ could/ might + have + V IIIrd]
A. Had the hunter realized that the
20. If I was you (A)/I would havefirst Solution: replace ‘have flourished’ with
introduced him (B)/to the guests (C)/No ‘flourish’ because given sentence is TYPE-2
Error(D) conditional sentence.
A. If I was you 23.
B. I would have first introduced him A. My family would not
C. to the guests B. buy the car if they
D. no error C. had seen the damage.
Answer: A D. no error
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use Answer: B
“had been” in place of “was”. It is past Solution: replace ‘buy’ with ‘have bought’
condition. because given sentence is ‘type-3’ conditional
Past Condition: [if + had + V IIIrd , Sub + would/ sentence.
should/ could/ might + have + V IIIrd] 24.
21. A. I will attend
A. You would succeed B. the event
B. in college if you're C. if I’m invited.
C. diligent in your studies. D. no error
D. no error Answer: D
Answer: A Solution: there is no error in the given
Solution: replace ‘would’ with ‘will’ because sentence.
given sentence is Type-1 conditional. 25.
22. A. If the kids ate
A. If the weather improved, B. too much sugar,
B. our crops would C. they will have cavities.
C. have flourished. D. no error
D. no error Answer: C
Answer: C Solution: replace ‘will’ with ‘would’ because
given sentence is TYPE-2 conditional.
 QUESTION TAGS
“Question tags are used to express the ideas of Rule: 2. Questions tags are framed with the
a speaker” help of a pronoun and helping verbs.
Rule: 1. If a sentence is affirmative, the E.g. John Keats composes poetry, doesn’t he?
question tag will be negative and vice versa. They will not go to market, will they be?
There the two possible patterns
STATEMENT TAG EXAMPLE
PATTERN 1: Positive Negative: It's your birthday, isn't it?
PATTERN 2: Negative Positive: It isn't your birthday, is it?
Contracted forms of verbs:
Do + not - don’t can + not - can’t
Does + not - doesn’t could + not - couldn’t
Did + not - didn’t may + not - mayn’t
Will + not - won’t might + not - mightn’t
Shall + not - shan’t must + not - mustn’t
Is + not - isn’t should + not - shouldn’t
Am + not - aren’t would + not - wouldn’t
Are + not - aren’t ought to + not - oughtn’t
Was + not - wasn’t used to + not - usedn’t
Were + not - weren’t
Has + not - hasn’t
Have + not - haven’t
Had + not - hadn’t
Subjects
John / boy - he everyone
Jenny/ girl - she someone
I - I no one
We - we everybody
You - you somebody they
He - he no body
She - she any body
It - it
They - they everything
One - one something
This - it nothing It
That - it anything
These - they
Those - they
There - there
Everyone - you
of you
Everyone - we
of us
Everyone - they
of them
E.g. I am a good player, amn’t I? (W) 3. Your jeans will be in the drawer.
I am a good player, aren’t I? (R) A. Wouldn’t it?
Every one of you will be there on time, B. Won’t it?
won't you? (R) C. Won’t they?
Something is not working here, is it? (R) D. Will they?
Note: We make positive question tags if the Answer: C
following words are mentioned. These are Solution: Option “C” is the correct question tag.
negative words. 4. Excreta must be the part of herbal
E.g. Hardly, scarcely, never, seldom, rarely, farming.
barely few and little, etc. A. Mustn’t it?
E.g. He hardly collects old coins, does he? (R) B. Must it?
He hardly collects old coins, doesn’t he? C. Didn’t they?
(W) D. Mustn’t they?
Answer: D
Imperative sentences: Solution: Option “D” is the correct question tag.
E.g. Come here, will you? 5. Everyone of them has to submit his
Come here, won’t you? assignments on time.
Work on this project, will you? A. Haven’t they?
Work on this project, won’t you? B. Have they?
C. Hasn’t they?
Don’t talk in the class, will you? D. Hasn’t he?
Don’t touch it, will you? Answer: B
Solution: Solution: Option “B” is the correct
Let her sing a song, will you? question tag.
Let her sing a song, won’t you? 6. There was nothing to discuss.
A. Was it?
See the special case of “let us” B. Was there?
Let us work together, shall we? C. Wasn’t there?
D. Wasn’t it?
Directions: Find the appropriate question tag Answer: B
for the given sentences. Solution: Option “B” is the correct question tag.
1. I am one of those soldiers who went in the 7. No one has concerned with us.
forest to collect details of plane crash. A. Has he?
A. Amn’t I? B. Has they?
B. Aren’t I? C. Haven’t they?
C. Didn’t I? D. Have they?
D. Am I? Answer: D
Answer: B Solution: Option “D” is the correct question tag.
Solution: Option “B” is the correct question tag. 8. Everyone of us is collecting money for
2. I am not feeling well now a days. flood victims
A. Are I? A. Aren’t they?
B. Aren’t I? B. Isn’t he?
C. Am I? C. Isn’t they?
D. I am? D. Aren’t we?
Answer: C Answer: D
Solution: Option “C” is the correct question tag. Solution: Option “D” is the correct question tag.
9. A teacher and poet organized this 15. Ram and Ravi need not play well
meeting. A. Need they?
A. Didn’t he? B. Do they?
B. Didn’t they? C. Don’t they?
C. Did he? D. Needn’t they?
D. Did they? Answer: A
Answer: A Solution: Option “A” is the correct question tag.
Solution: Option “A” is the correct question tag. 16. I have few books to provide you
10. John Keats, the sensual writer and A. Haven’t I?
Wordsworth, the nature poet have a good B. Have I?
blend of Romanticism C. Haven’t few?
A. Have they? D. Have few?
B. Haven’t they? Answer: B
C. Hasn’t he? Solution: Option “B” is the correct question tag.
D. Didn’t they? 17. Those girls are industrious
Answer: B A. Are they?
Solution: Option “B” is the correct question tag. B. Aren’t these?
11. The old lady can hardly walk C. Aren’t they?
A. Can she? D. Are they?
B. Can’t she? Answer: C
C. Doesn’t she? Solution: Option “C” is the correct question tag.
D. Couldn’t she? 18. Don’t spit here
Answer: A A. Will you?
Solution: Option “A” is the correct question tag. B. Won’t you?
12. God is present everywhere C. Shall you?
A. Is he? D. Shall us?
B. Isn’t he? Answer: A
C. Isn’t it? Solution: Option “A” is the correct question tag.
D. Is it? 19. He dares to fight with Khali
Answer: B A. Dare not he?
Solution: Option “B” is the correct question tag. B. Do they?
13. Panacea is a medicine C. Doesn’t he?
A. Aren’t they? D. Dares he?
B. Are they? Answer: C
C. Isn’t it? Solution: Option “C” is the correct question tag.
D. Is it? 20. The captain as well as ten members of the
Answer: C team will be present
Solution: Option “C” is the correct question tag. A. Won’t he?
14. There are not any good restaurants in this B. Won’t they?
part of the city C. Will he?
A. Aren’t there? D. Will they?
B. Are they? Answer: A
C. Are there? Solution: Option “A” is the correct question tag.
D. Is there? 21. I am one of the foremost poets of modern
Answer: C age.
Solution: Option “C” is the correct question tag. A. Amn’t I?
B. Aren’t I?
C. Didn’t I? Answer: D
D. Am I? Solution: Option “D” is the correct question tag.
Answer: B 25. Someone of the honourable persons has
Solution: Option “B” is the correct question tag. given money to the needy.
22. I am not a software engineer. A. Haven’t they?
A. Are I? B. Have they?
B. Aren’t I? C. Hasn’t they?
C. Am I? D. Hasn’t he?
D. I am? Answer: A
Answer: C Solution: Solution: Option “A” is the correct
Solution: Option “C” is the correct question tag. question tag.
23. My friend’s spectacles will be of a new
brand. Active & Passive Voice
A. Wouldn’t it? 1. We make the passive voice of transitive
B. Won’t it? verbs.
C. Won’t they? 2. We interchange a subject with an object
D. Will they? and use past participle in passive voice.
Answer: C Active: Subject + finite verb
Solution: Option “C” is the correct question tag. Passive: Object + finite verb
24. Gentry must be in the Ramlila Maidan in Key to identify passive voice (be + V IIIrd)
time to listen our new Prime Minister. (is/ am/are/was/were/be/being/been + V IIIrd)
A. Mustn’t it? [Always Passive]
B. Must it? E.g. John composes poetry (Active)
C. Didn’t they? Poetry is composed by John (Passive)
D. Mustn’t they?
ACTIVE PASSIVE ACTIVE PASSIVE
Do/does + V Ist Can Can
OR Is Could Could
st
Verb I Am + V IIIrd May May
OR Are Might +VI Might +be + VIII
Verb +s/es Would Would
Should Should
Did + V Ist Was Must Must
OR + V IIIrd
V IInd Were

[Will/ Shall] +V Ist Will Would Would

Be + V IIIrd Should Should
shall Could have+ V III Could have +
Might Might been + VIII
[Is /Am/Are] + V ing is
am +being+V III
are

[Was/Were] + V ing Was Is Is

+being+V III Am + to + V I Am to + be +V III
were Are Are
 [Has/Have] + V IIIrd Has Was Was
+been+ VIII + to + V I to + be + V III
Have Were Were

Had + V IIIrd Had + been + VIII Has Has

+ to + V I to + be +VIII
Have Have

Will have Will Had + to + V I Had + to + be + V III

+ V IIIrd Have + been
Shall have Shall + V III

To + V I To + be + V III V + ing (gerund) Being + V IIIrd

See the Usages Tense Past Perfect

Tense Simple Present Active Mahesh had repaired many cars
Active Mohan loves chocolates. before receiving his license.
Passive Chocolates are loved by Passive Many cars had been repaired by
Mohan. George before receiving his
license.
Tense Present Continuous
Active My friends are cleaning rooms. Tense Simple Future - will
Passive Rooms are being cleaned by my Active Someone will finish the work by
friends. 5:00 PM.
Passive The work will be finished by
Tense Simple Past 5:00 PM.
Active John and Shelly composed odes.
Passive Odes are composed by John and Tense Future Perfect - will
Shelley. Active They will have completed the
project before the deadline.
Tense Used to Passive The project will have been
Active Sameera used to pay the bills. completed before the deadline.
Passive The bills used to be paid by
Sameera. Modal
Active They can speak Hindi as well and
Tense Past Continuous English.
Active They were helping the poor. Passive Hindi, as well as English, can be
Passive The poor were being helped by spoken by them.
them. Active His servant could have opened
the secret.
Tense Present Perfect Passive The secret could have been
Active Many tourists have visited that opened by his servant.
castle.
Passive That castle has been visited by Assertive:
many tourists. E.g. They have not cleaned all the rooms
(Active)
All the room have not been cleaned by
them (Passive)
Interrogative sentences: Any seminar on personality development
E.g. Does one of them compose songs? might not have been attended by them.
(Active) (Passive)
Are songs composed by one of them? E.g. He is to wash clothes. (Active)
(Passive) Clothes are to be washed by him. (Passive)
E.g. Where have they opened the new store in Farmers have to use excreta. (Active)
the city? (Active) Excreta have to be used by farmers.
Where has the new store been opened by (Passive)
them in the city? (Passive) Use of infinitive:
Use of “who” E.g. It is high time to decorate the shops
E.g. Who teaches you English? (Active) (Active)
By whom is English taught to you? It is high time for the shops to be
(Passive) decorated. (Passive)
By whom are you taught English (Passive) Use of complex sentences and compound
Imperative sentences: sentences.
Rule 1: To make passive voice E.g. They say that the war is imminent (Active
You are requested/ ordered/ allowed/ complex)
advised/ asked/ prohibited/ forbidden/ It is said by them that the war is imminent
urged/ obliged + to + Sentence (Passive complex)
E.g. Please sit in the garden. (Active) Police had arrested criminals before they
You are requested to sit in the garden committed any crime. (Active Compound)
(Passive) Criminals had been arrested by police
E.g. Come here and play with us (Active) before any crime was committed by them.
You are asked to come here and play with
us. (Passive) (Passive Compound)
For negative sentences. Special usages
E.g. Don’t pluck flowers. (Active) E.g. Grapes tastes sweet (Active)
You are ordered not to pluck flowers. Grapes are sweet when they are tasted
(Passive) (Passive)
Don’t disturb me (Active) Directions: Change the following sentence Into
You are forbidden to disturb me (Passive) active or passive voice.
Sentences with “Let” 1. The number of new students achieved the
Rule: [ Let + obj + be + Verb IIIrd] skills in management.
E.g. Let her sing a melodious song. (Active) A. The skill in management was achieved by
Let a melodious song be sung by her. the number of new students.
(Passive) B. The skills in management achieved by the
E.g. let them clean the garden before the number of new students.
teacher's arrival (Active) C. The number of new students were
Let the garden be cleaned by them before achieved the skill in management.
the teacher's arrival. (Passive) D. The skills in management were achieved by
Usages of Modals the number of new students.
E.g. All the soldiers cannot open the steel doors Answer: D
of the fort. (Active) Solution: Option “D” is the right answer.
The steel doors of the fort cannot be 2. Many a manager does not help the
opened by all the soldiers (Passive) employees.
E.g. They might not have attended any seminar A. The employees are not helped by many a
on personality development. (Active) manager.
B. The employees are not helped by many B. Let the beauty of the monuments not be
managers. spoilt.
C. The employees are not helped by C. Let the beauty of the monument not be
managers. spoilt.
D. The employees were not helped by many a D. Let the monuments not be spoilt in terms
manager. of beauty.
Answer: A Answer: B
Solution: Option “A” is the right answer. Solution: Option “B” is the right answer.
3. The information of many Indians was 7. it is high time to clean the city.
collected illegally by Facebook. A. Time has come to clean the city.
A. Facebook was illegally collecting the B. It is high time for the city to be cleaned.
information of many Indian. C. It is high time that city should be cleaned.
B. Facebook illegally collects the information D. City should be cleaned in high time.
of many Indian. Answer: B
C. Information has been illegally collected by Solution: Option “B” is the right answer.
Facebook. 8. Infiltrators were making a secret plan in
D. Facebook illegally collected the Jammu and Kashmir.
information of many Indian. A. A secret plan was being made by
Answer: D infiltrators in Jammu and Kashmir.
Solution: Option “D” is the right answer. B. A secret plan was made by infiltrators in
4. Who told the manger to terminate Ravi? Jammu and Kashmir.
A. By who was the manager told to terminate C. Secret plans were being made by
Ravi? infiltrators in Jammu and Kashmir.
B. By whom the manager told to terminate D. A secret plan had been made by infiltrators
Ravi? in Jammu and Kashmir..
C. By whom was the manager told to Answer: A
terminate Ravi? Solution: Option “A” is the right answer.
D. By whom was the manager asked to 9. Ministers should not deliver provocative
terminate Ravi? statements in rallies.
Answer: C A. Provocative statements should not be
Solution: Option “C” is the right answer. delivered in rallies by ministers.
5. Why did the director call an urgent B. Provocative statement should not be
meeting? delivered in rallies by ministers.
A. Why was a urgent meeting called by the C. Statements of provocations should not be
Director? delivered by ministers in rallies.
B. Why was an urgent meeting called to the D. Provocative statements should be not
Director? delivered in rallies by ministers.
C. Why was an urgent meeting called by the Answer: A
Director? Solution: Option “A” is the right answer.
D. Why an urgent meeting was called by the 10. Milk was not distributed.
Director? A. No one distributed milk.
Answer: C B. Milkman did not distribute milk.
Solution: Option “C” is the right answer. C. Someone distributed milk.
6. Don’t spoil the beauty of the monuments. D. Milkman distributed milk.
A. Let the beauty of the monuments not be Answer: B
spoiled. Solution: Option “B” is the right answer.
11. A magician has not changed the boy into B. In Calcutta last night a gang of robbers
an animal. looted a bank.
A. The boy has been not changed a magician C. A bank was looted by a gang of robbers in
into an animal. Calcutta last night.
B. The boy has not been changed into an D. Last night a bank had been looted by a
animal by a magician. gang or robbers in Calcutta.
C. The boy was not changed into an animal by Answer: C
a magician. Solution: Option “C” is the right answer.
D. The boy had not been changed into an 16. John and his friend have built a new
animal by a magician. house.
Answer: B A. A new house have been built by John and
Solution: Option “B” is the right answer. his friend.
12. All the students should read the B. A new house has been built by John and his
instructions carefully. friend.
A. The instructions should be read carefully C. A new house had been built by John and his
by all the students. friend.
B. The instructions must be read carefully by D. A new house has been build by John and
all the students. his friend.
C. All the students should be read the Answer: B
instructions carefully. Solution: Option “B” is the right answer.
D. All the careful instructions should be read 17. Someone pulled the bull violently.
by the students. A. The bull had been pulled violently by
Answer: A someone.
Solution: Option “A” is the right answer. B. The bull was to be pulled violently by
13. Could you post this letter? someone.
A. Could this letter posted by you. C. The bull had been pulled violently.
B. Can this letter be posted by you. D. The bull was pulled violently.
C. Could a letter be posted by you. Answer: D
D. Could this letter be posted by you. Solution: option “D” is the right answer.
Answer: D 18. Thick clouds have overcast the sky.
Solution: Option “D” is the right answer. A. The sky has been overcast by thick clouds
14. He might have bought a new flat in Noida. B. The sky has been overcasted by thick
A. A new flat in Noida might have been clouds
bought by him. C. The sky is overcast by thick clouds
B. A new flat in Noida may have been brought D. The sky is being overcast by thick clouds
by him. Answer: A
C. A new flat in Noida have been bought by Solution: Option “A” is the right answer.
him. 19. A fresh batch of eggs was collected by the
D. A new flat in Noida must have been bought farmer’s wife.
by him. A. The farmer’s wife had collected a fresh
Answer: A batch of eggs.
Solution: Option “A” is the right answer. B. The farmer’s wife collected the fresh batch
15. Last night a gang of robbers looted a bank of eggs.
in Calcutta. C. The farmer’s wife was collected a fresh
A. Last night was looted a bank by a gang or batch of eggs.
robbers in Calcutta. D. The farmer’s wife collected a fresh batch of
eggs.
Answer: D Solution: Option “A” is the right answer.
Solution: Option “D” is the right answer. 25. The people couldn’t move me to the
20. Who asked you to draft this letter? hospital and the doctor operated on me at
A. By who you are asked to draft this letter? home
B. By who have you been asked to draft this A. I couldn’t be moved to the hospital and
letter? was operated on at home by the doctor
C. By whom were you asked to draft this B. I couldn’t be moved to the hospital and I
letter? had to be operated on at home by
D. By whom you were asked to draft this C. I couldn’t be moved to the hospital and I
letter? was operated at home by the doctor
Answer: C D. I couldn’t be moved to the hospital by the
Solution: Option “C” is the right answer. people and operated on at home
21. Why did she break the garden wall? Answer: A
A. Why the garden wall was broken by her? Solution: Option “A” is the right answer.
B. Why had the garden wall been broken by
her? DIRECT & INDIRECT (Narration)
C. Why was the garden wall broken by her? “Narration means to narrate, state or say”
D. Why will the garden wall be broken by her? • Narration is usually divided into two parts.
Answer: C Direct speech and Indirect speech.
Solution: Option “C” is the right answer. • Direct speech: When the audience gets the
22. It is time to take tea. statement of a speaker. It is always used in
A. It was time that tea was taken inverted commas (“…….”)
B. It is time for tea to be taken • Indirect speech: When someone narrates
C. It is time that tea should be taken the words or statements of a speaker to the
D. It is time that tea had been taken audience. We remove inverted commas
Answer: B here and connect both sentences with a
Solution: Option “B” is the right answer. conjunction.
23. Don’t speak until someone speaks to you. • Direct speech: Direct speech has two parts,
A. Don’t speak until you are spoken to ‘Reporting Verb’ and ‘Reported
B. Don’t speak until someone is spoken to • Speech’.
C. Don’t speak until you have been spoken to • Reporting verb: It is written without
D. Don’t speak until someone has been inverted commas.
spoken to • Reported speech: It is written in inverted
Answer: A commas.
Solution: Option “A” is the right answer. Example: Vickram says, “Mohan is a
24. Smugglers did not realize that their biographer”
conversation was being recorded. Explanation: Vickram Says [Reporting verb]
A. The smugglers did not realize that “Mohan is a biographer” [Reported speech]
someone was recording their conversation To change narration, sentences are divided as
B. Someone did not realize that the follows:
smugglers were recording their 1. Assertive sentence
conversation. 2. Interrogative sentence
C. Conversation was recorded their when the 3. Imperative sentence
smugglers did not realize. 4. Exclamatory sentence
D. The smugglers recorded their conversation 5. Optative sentence
without realizing.
Answer: A
Rule: If the reporting verb is in the present or • Past indefinite when it is used with a time
future, we don't make any change in reported clause
speech and connect both sentences with a E.g. Rohan said to me, “When he met her, she
conjunction. was dancing” [Direct]
E.g. My friend says, “he is clicking pictures for Rohan told me that when he met her, she
his brother" [Direct] was dancing. [Indirect]
My friend says that he is clicking pictures Past indefinite when it is used for historical
for his brother [Indirect] past
He will tell you, “Rakesh is a Physicist” Eg. The teacher taught us, "India became free
[Direct] in 1947." [Direct]
He will tell you that Rakesh is a Physicist. The teacher taught us that India became
[Indirect] free in 1947. [Indirect]
Rule: Possible changes in reporting verb. E.g. Mohan said, "He goes to the office by
Direct Speech Indirect Speech 08:30 train daily" [Direct]
Say/says say/ says Mohan said that he goes to the office by
Say to/ says to tell/ tells 08:30 train daily. [Indirect]
Said to told Change of other parts of speech:
Rule: If the reporting verb is in the past, we Direct - Indirect
make certain changes in reported speech. This - that
Do’s These - those
Present indefinite - Past Indefinite Here - there
Present continuous - Past Continuous Now - then
Present Perfect - Past Perfect Thus - so
Present Perfect Cont. - Past Perfect Cont. Hence - thence
Past indefinite - Past Perfect Today - that day
Past continuous - Past Perfect Cont. Tonight - that night
Will/shall - Would / Should This day - that day
Can/ May - Could / Might. This night - that night
E.g. Ram said to Ravi, “Sita is preparing notes Tomorrow - the next day/ the
for her new project.” [Direct] following day
Ram told Ravi that Sita was preparing Yesterday - the previous day/ the
notes for her new project. [Indirect] day before
E.g. Mohan said, “They will be supporting an Last week - the previous week/
ideal political party.” [Direct] the week before
Mohan said that they would be supporting Next week/year - the following week/
an ideal political party [Indirect] year
Don’ts. Last day - the previous day
• Past Perfect Come - go
• Past Perfect Conti. A year ago - a year before
• Any modals except can/ may Change of Pronoun in Indirect speech:
• Universal truth Key
• Quotations First Person “I/We” 1 – S [Subject]
• Blood relations Second Person “You” 2 – O [Object]
• Daily schedule Third Person “He/She 3 – N [No change]
/It/They/Ram”
 Table
Person Subjective “Case” Objective “Case” Possessive “Adjective” Possessive
“Pronoun”
Ist I Me My Mine
We Us Our Ours
IInd You You Your Yours
IIIrd He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
It It Its ----
One One One’s ----
They Them Their Theirs

First Person: Third Person:

E.g. Ram said to Site, “I am going to market” Never use the third person
[Direct] E.g. Mother said “children are not playing in
Ram told Sita that he was going to market. the garden” [Direct]
[Indirect] The mother said that the children were not
Explanation: First-person "I" changed according playing in the garden. [Indirect]
to the subject "Ram" Note: It the editor of a “newspaper/
E.g. Captain said, “We are going to be the next magazine” addresses himself with
best team in the world.” [Direct] “we/our/our” Person will be changed into
The captain said that they were going to be “it/it/its”
the next best team in the world. E.g. The Hindustan Times says, “our new
[Indirect] branch will be closed tomorrow.” [Direct]
Explanation: First-person "we" changed The Hindustan Times says that its new
according to the subject "captain" branch will be closed the following day.
Second Person: [Indirect]
E.g. Tom said to Elizabeth, “you are the most Note: If the first person "we" is used for
beautiful woman in the city.” [Direct] "mankind". Don't change a person. In other
Tom told Elizabeth that she was the most words, it can be said. If "we" is used as a
beautiful woman in the city. [Indirect] universal concept, don't change it.
Explanation: Second-person "you" changed E.g. They said, “we cannot live without water”
according to the object "Elizabeth" [Direct]
Change Second Person if an object is not given: They said that we cannot live without
E.g. He said, “you are the best.” [Direct] water [Indirect]
He said that I was the best. [Indirect] Assertive Sentence:
He said that we were the best. “OR” Key:
[Indirect] • Person change
He said that they were the best. “OR” • Tense change
[Indirect] • Word change
He said that he was the best. “OR” • The conjunction "that"
[Indirect] E.g. Rakesh said to the players, “you have to
He said that she was the best. [Indirect] work hard to make me proud”
Explanation: We can change anyone of them [Direct]
according to the sense and all the indirect Rakesh told the players that they had to
speeches are correct. work hard to make him proud. [Indirect]
E.g. King said to the subjects, “We are going to
be the best army in the world.” [Direct] Note: Reporting verb is changed into
Kind told the subject that they were going to be commanded/ ordered/ requested/ advised/
the best army in the world. [Indirect] suggested/ forbade/ prohibited/ assured/
asked/ reminded/ warned/ refused/ and
Interrogative Sentence promised etc.
Key E.g. She said to her bother, “prepare these
• Person change notes for me please.” [Direct]
• Tense change She requested her brother to prepare
• Word change those notes for her. [Indirect]
• Conjunction [if/ whether/ Wh family] E.g. Teacher said to the students, “write a
Note: If ‘Reported Speech' starts with ‘helping memo” [Direct]
verb', we use if/ whether as conjunction and Teacher asked the students to write a
make the remaining sentence assertive. memo. [Indirect]
E.g. The Teacher said to the student, "do you E.g. Gatekeeper said to the visitors, "don't go
live in Delhi?" [Direct] to the forest alone at night" [Direct]
The teacher asked the student if he lived in The gatekeeper warned the visitors not to
Delhi. [Indirect] go to the forest alone at night.
Note: If ‘Reported Speech’ starts with OR
‘question word’, we use that word as The gatekeeper forbade the visitors to go
conjunction and make the remaining sentence to the forest alone at night. [Indirect]
assertive. Change of “Let”
E.g. The principle said to the students, "how E.g. Captain said, “let us improve our game”
have you solved these difficult questions?” [Direct]
[Direct] The captain suggested that they should
The principal asked the students how they improve their game. [Indirect]
had solved those difficult questions E.g. Mayor said to the citizens, “let us work
[Indirect] together to clean the city” [Direct]
Mayor pleaded the citizens that they
Question Tags should work together to clean the city.
Rule: How to make indirect of Question Tags. [Indirect]
a. Leave the assertive sentence. E.g. Ram said to the manager, “let me go
b. Change Question Tags with the rule of home” [Direct]
“Interrogative” Ram asked the manager that he should be
E.g. Ram said to Sita “You are an ideal woman, allowed to go home. [Indirect]
aren’t you?” [Direct] Exclamatory Sentence:
Ram asked Sita if she was an ideal woman. Key
[Indirect] • Person change
Mohan said to me “You like green • Word change
vegetables, don’t you?” [Direct] • Tense change
Mohan asked me if I liked green • The conjunction "That"
vegetables. [Indirect] Reporting verb changes as follows:
Alas! Exclaimed with sorrow
Imperative Sentence: Hurrah! Exclaimed with joy
Key What a! Exclaimed with wonder and
• Person change surprise
• Word change How! Exclaimed with wonder and
• Conjunction “to/that” surprise
Wow! Exclaimed with wonder and Explanation: This sentence shows duty.
surprise Change of Madam and sir.
Fie! Exclaimed with disgust Note: Madam and sir should be changed into
Bravo! Applauded the adverb 'respectfully'.
E.g. Captain said, “hurrah! We won the E.g. Waiter said “what can I do for you,
innings” [Direct] madam?” [Direct]
Captain exclaimed with joy that they had Waiter asked respectfully what he could do
won the innings. [Indirect] for her. [Indirect]
E.g. Visitors said, “what a! beautiful building If the certain words (O, well and see, etc.) are
the Taj Mahal is” [Direct] used in inverted commas, don’t use them in
Visitors exclaimed with surprise that the indirect speech.
Taj Mahal was a very beautiful building. E.g. The director said, “Well, Rohan I shall
[Indirect] reward you tomorrow” [Direct]
E.g. He said “congratulation” [Direct] The director told Rohan that he would
He congratulated me. [Indirect] reward him the following day. [Indirect]
He said “liar” [Direct] Directions: Change the following sentence into
He called me a liar. [Indirect] direct or indirect speech.
He said “Good morning” [Direct] 1. He says, “I go for a walk every morning.”
He wished them good morning. [Indirect] A. He says that he goes for a walk every
Optative Sentence: (Prayer and Wish) morning.
Key B. He said that he used to go for a walk every
• Person change morning
• Word change C. He said that he goes for a walk every
• Tense change morning
• The conjunction "That" D. He says he went for a walk every morning.
Note: “Reporting Verb” is changed into Answer: A
“wished/ blessed/ cursed” Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer.
E.g. Teacher said, “May God bless you” “Reporting Verb” is in present so don’t change
[Direct] tense in “Reported Speech”. Person will be
The teacher wished that God might bless changed accordingly. First person according to
them. [Indirect] subject, second person according to object and
E.g. Teacher said, “May you get success.” third person no change.
[Direct] 2. He said, “Garima wants to take up a job
The teacher blessed them that they might while her husband wants her to look after
get success. [Indirect] the family.”
Some important points to remember A. He said that Garima wanted to take up a
Will and shall, will be changed in 'Should' if it job while her husband wanted her to look
is used for request and 'would' used for future. after the family
E.g. Mother said "I shall go to the market to buy B. He said that Garima wants to take up a job
vegetables" [Direct] while her husband wanted her to look after
Mother said that she would go to the the family
market to buy vegetables. [Indirect] C. He told that Garima wanted to take up a
Explanation: This sentence shows the future. job while her husband wants her to look
E.g. Mohan said “Shall I help the poor?” after the family
[Direct] D. He said to Garima that he thoughts he
Mohan asked if he should help the poor. wanted to take up a job while her husband
[Indirect] wanted her to look after the family
Answer: A First person according to subject, second
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. If person according to the object and third person
“Reporting verb” is in past “Reported speech” no change.
should be in the past. Present Indefinite 5. He said to me, “you are getting lazy day by
changed into Past Indefinite. Hence the correct day”
answer is “A”. a. He informed me that I am getting lazy day
3. The chairman of the selection committee by day.
said, “we shall finalise the rest of our team b. He told me that I have been getting lazy
after we have selected the skipper. day by day
A. The chairman of the selection committee c. He told me that I was getting lazy day by
told that they would finalise the rest of our day
team after we have selected the skipper. d. He told me that you were getting lazy day
B. The chairman of the selection committee by day
said that we would finalise the rest of our Answer: C
team after we have selected the skipper. Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. If
C. The chairman of the selection committee “Reporting verb” is in past “Reported speech”
told that they would finalise the rest of should be in the past. In the given sentence
their team after they had selected the “are” changes into “were”. Person will be
skipper. changed accordingly. First person according to
D. The chairman of the selection committee subject, second person according to object
said that they would finalise the rest of third person no change.
their team after they had selected the 6. “Tinu, where have you been all these
skipper. days?” asked the principal.
Answer: D a. The principal asked Tinu where he had
Solution: Option “D” is the right answer. If been all those days.
“Reporting verb” is in past “Reported speech” b. The principal asked Tinu where he has
should be in the past. In the given sentence been all those days.
“shall” changes into “should” and “have” c. The principal asked Tinu where had he
changes into “had” Hence the correct answer is been all those days.
“D”. d. The principal asked Tinu where he was all
those days.
4. Mother said, “Gaurav, you will be eligible Answer: A
for voting when you are 18.” Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer.
A. Mother told Gaurav he would be eligible Person will be changed accordingly. First person
for voting when he was 18. according to subject, second person according
B. Mother told Gaurav that he could vote only to object third person no change.
after 18 7. “Have you finished your assignment,
C. Mother told Gaurav you will be eligible for Minu?” said her brother.
voting when you are 18. a. Minu’s brother asked Minu if you have
D. Mother told Gaurav that he would be finished your assignment.
eligible for voting when he would be 18. b. Minu’s brother said to Minu if she had
Answer: A finished her assignment.
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. If c. Minu’s brother asked her if she had
“Reporting verb” is in past “Reported speech” finished her assignment.
should be in the past. In the given sentence d. Minu’s brother asked Minu if she has
“will” changes into “would” and “are” changes finished her assignment.
into “was”. Person will be changed accordingly. Answer: C
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. according to subject, second person according
Person will be changed accordingly. First person to object third person no change.
according to subject, second person according 11. He said, “Reena, do you want to buy a
to object third person no change. house in Noida?
8. The principal said, “why didn’t you attend a. He told Reena if she wanted to buy a house
the flag hosting ceremony, Anuj. in Noida.
a. The principal asked Anuj why hadn’t he b. He asked that did she want to buy a house
attended the flag hosting ceremony. in Noida.
b. The principal asked to Anuj why he hadn’t c. He asked Reena if she wants to buy a house
attended the flag hosting ceremony. in Noida.
c. The principal asked Anuj why didn’t he d. He asked Reena if she wanted to buy a
attend the flag hosting ceremony. house in Noida.
d. The principal asked Anuj why he didn’t Answer: D
attend the flag hosting ceremony. Solution: Option “D” is the correct answer.
Answer: B Person will be changed accordingly. First person
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. according to subject, second person according
Person will be changed accordingly. First person to object third person no change.
according to subject, second person according 12. I said to my friend, “can I borrow your
to object third person no change. dictionary for one day?”
9. I said to him, “where have you lost the a. I asked my friend if I could borrow his
pen I brought for you yesterday. dictionary for one day.
a. I asked him where he had lost the pen I had b. I asked my friend if I could borrow your
brought him yesterday. dictionary for one day.
b. I asked him where he had lost the pen I c. I asked my friend if I can borrow his
have brought for him the previous day. dictionary for one day.
c. I asked him where he had lost the pen I had d. I asked my friend that if I could borrow his
brought for him the previous day. dictionary for one day.
d. I asked him where had he lost the pen I had Answer: A
brought him the previous day. Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer.
Answer: C Person will be changed accordingly. First person
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. according to subject, second person according
Person will be changed accordingly. First person to object third person no change.
according to subject, second person according 13. He said, “Has anybody been unkind to
to object third person no change. you?”
10. She said, “When I was a child, I wasn’t a. He asked me if anybody had been unkind
afraid of ghosts.” to me.
a. She said that when she was a child she b. He asked me had anybody been unkind to
wasn’t not afraid of ghosts. me.
b. She said that when she was a child she c. He asked me if anybody had been unkind
hadn’t been afraid of ghosts. to you.
c. She said that when she was a child she d. He asked to me if anybody had been
wasn’t afraid of ghosts. unkind to me.
d. She said that when she had been a child Answer: A
she wasn’t afraid of ghosts. Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer.
Answer: C Person will be changed accordingly. First person
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. according to subject, second person according
Person will be changed accordingly. First person to object third person no change.
14. He said, “Ravi why are you sounding so 17. “Fie! A soldier and afraid of fighting!” said
dejected today?” Babar.
a. He asked Ravi why he sounded so dejected a. Babar exclaimed with surprise that a
that day? soldier should be afraid of fighting.
b. He asked to Ravi why he was sounding so b. Addressing a soldier, Babar cursed him that
dejected that day. he should be afraid of fighting.
c. He asked Ravi why he was sounding so c. Babar cursed the soldier who was afraid of
dejected today? fighting.
d. He asked Ravi why he was sounding so d. Babar cursed and exclaimed that a soldier
dejected that day. should not be afraid of fighting.
Answer: D Answer: D
Solution: Option “D” is the correct answer. Solution: Option “D” is the correct answer. In
Person will be changed accordingly. First person exclamatory sentences word will be changed
according to subject, second person according accordingly. In the given sentence ‘fie’ changes
to object third person no change. into ‘curse’. Person will be changed
15. “When will I be able to vote?” I asked my accordingly. First person according to subject,
mother. second person according to object third person
a. I asked my mother when would he be able no change.
to vote. 18. He said to her, “What a cold day!”
b. I asked my mother when I should be able a. He told her that it was a cold day
to vote. b. He exclaimed that it was a cold day.
c. I asked my mother when I would be able to c. He exclaimed sorrowfully that it was cold
vote. day
d. I asked my mother when would I be able to d. He exclaimed that it was a very cold day
vote. Answer: D
Answer: C Solution: Option “D” is the correct answer.
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Person will be changed accordingly. First person
Person will be changed accordingly. First person according to subject, second person according
according to subject, second person according to object third person no change.
to object third person no change. 19. The convict said, “Let me speak freely
16. He said, “Bravo! You have done well.” please.”
a. He applauded him to say that he had done a. The convict suggested that he must be
well. allowed to speak freely.
b. He applauded him to said that you have b. The convict requested that he must be
done well. allowed to speak freely.
c. He applauded him, saying that he has done c. The convict requested that he should be
well. allowed to speak freely.
d. He applauded him, saying that he had done d. The convict proposed that he might be
well. allowed to speak freely.
Answer: D Answer: C
Solution: Option “D” is the correct answer. In Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. If a
exclamatory sentences word will be changed sentence starts with ‘let’ change it into ‘should’.
accordingly. In the given sentence “Bravo” Person will be changed accordingly. First person
changes into “applauded”. Person will be according to subject, second person according
changed accordingly. First person according to to object third person no change.
subject, second person according to object
third person no change.
20. Nisha told Monica, “What a beautiful changed into Past Indefinite. Hence the correct
dress you are wearing!” answer is “D”.
a. Nisha exclaimed that Monica was wearing 23. She said, “I shall try to bring you the books
a very beautiful dress. tomorrow.”
b. Nisha exclaimed that it is a very beautiful A. She said that she should try to bring me the
dress. books the next day.
c. Nisha exclaimed that Monica is wearing a B. She said that she would try to bring me the
very beautiful dress. books the next day.
d. Nisha told Monica that was a beautiful C. She said that she would try to bring me the
dress. books tomorrow.
Answer: A D. She said that she should try to bring me the
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. books the tomorrow.
Person will be changed accordingly. First person Answer: B
according to subject, second person according Solution: Option “B” is the right answer. If
to object third person no change. “Reporting verb” is in past “Reported speech”
21. One of them says to his friend “his father should be in the past. In the given sentence
goes to office daily by metro” “shall” changes into “would” because future is
E. One of them says to his friend that his given if this sentence shows “duty”, we can use
father goes to office daily by metro. “would”
F. One of them say to his friend that his father 24. “I don’t know why they haven’t signed the
goes to office daily by metro. papers and accepted the gift,” said Crene
G. One of them says to his friend that his to me.
father went to office daily by metro. A. Crene told me that he didn’t know why
H. One of them said to his friend that his they hadn’t signed the papers and
father went to office daily by metro. accepted the gift.
Answer: A B. Crene told me that he don’t know why they
Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. haven’t signed the papers and accepted
“Reporting Verb” is in present so don’t change the gift.
tense in “Reported Speech”. Person will be C. Crene told me that I don’t know why they
changed accordingly. First person according to haven’t signed the papers and accepted
subject, second person according to object and the gift.
third person no change. D. Crenesaid me that he didn’t know why
22. The chief guest said, “It gives me great they hadn’t signed the papers and
pleasure to be here this morning.” accepted the gift.
A. The chief guest said that that gave me Answer: A
great pleasure to be there that morning. Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. If
B. The chief guest said that it gave him great “Reporting verb” is in past “Reported speech”
pleasure to be there that morning. should be in the past. In the given sentence
C. The chief guest said that it gives him great “do” changes into “did” and “have” changes
pleasure to be here that morning. into “had”. Person will be changed accordingly.
D. The chief guest said that it gave him a great First person according to subject, second
pleasure to be there that morning. person according to the object and third person
Answer: D no change. See the rules below to change the
Solution: Option “D” is the correct answer. If tense.
“Reporting verb” is in past “Reported speech” 25. He said, “I am glad to be here this
should be in the past. Present Indefinite evening.”
A. He said that he was glad to be there that Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. If
evening. “Reporting verb” is in past “Reported speech”
B. He said that he was glad to be here this should be in the past. In the given sentence
evening. “am” changes into “was”. Person will be
C. He says he was glad to be here this changed accordingly. First person according to
evening. subject, second person according to object
D. He asked he is glad to be here this evening third person no change.
Answer: A
 Subject-Verb Agreement
“A verb must agree to its subject in number b. If a subject is plural verb should be plural.
and person” E.g. My friend likes to compose poetry.
Note: a. If a subject is singular verb should be Those students practise hard to get
singular. success.

Singular subject Singular verb

He, she, it, Ram, boy, this, that, each, everyone, Is, am, was, has, does, writes, plays
etc
Plural subject Plural verb
We, you, they, Sita and Geeta, those, these, boys, Are, were, have, do, write, play, talk, etc.
those girls, these contents, etc.

Rule: 1. [noun/pronoun + preposition + noun/ E.g. The percentage of novels in the library is
pronoun] verb will be according to the first not readable.
noun or pronoun The percentage of water in this city is not
E.g. The climate of many states in India soothes potable.
many foreigners. (Don't say soothe) Rule: 6. With "Hyphenated Expressions" the
The novels of the 19th century are based verb will be singular.
on science and technology. (Don’t say “is”) E.g. Ship after ship, man after man, page after
Rule: 2. If the following words are used verb page, word for word, and village after
will be according to the noun after “of” village.
a lot of, lots of, heaps of, plenty of, a quarter E.g. Ship after ship is going towards the port.
of, two-thirds of, three-fourths of, most of, Page after page has been read by me.
some of, a mass of, majority of, minority of, Rule: 7. The + Adjective (plural noun) + verb
part of, percent of, proportion of, all of, (plural)
handful of and a great deal of, etc E.g. The rich are not helping the poor.
E.g. A lot of books and novels are readable Explanation: Here “the rich” addresses
nowadays. [people/community].
A lot of air in the N.C.R. is polluted. Rule: 8. The + language (plural) + verb (plural)
Rule: 3.A number of + noun (plural) + verb E.g. The English speak English.
(plural) Explanation: Here “the English” addresses
The number of + noun (plural) + verb (singular) [people/community].
E.g. A number of students have started their Rule: 9. A good many/ a great many + noun
studies. (plural) + verb (plural)
The number of taxpayers has paid the tax. E.g. A good many players have performed their
Rule: 4. If a noun shows definite “distance/ best.
amount/weight and measurement”, the verb A great many sailors have crossed the sea.
will be singular. Rule: 10. Many a/an + noun (singular) + verb
E.g. Ten miles is not a long distance to pass on (singular)
foot E.g. Many an apple is sweet.
Ten rupees is equal to one thousand paise. Many a man has participated in the
Twenty dollars is not a handsome amount competition.
to help. Rule: 11. Use of “more than”
Rule: 5. The percentage of noun (plural/ E.g. More than one novel is readable.
uncountable) verb (singular) More than one boy is going to market.
Rule: 12. Noun/ pronoun in apposition: E.g. Nothing but the snow was seen
E.g. Mohan, one of the best politicians, has everywhere last week in Kashmir.
worked hard. Nothing but trees is looking beautiful after
You, the captain of this team, have a right the rain.
to take any decision Rule 20. As regards/ as concerns and as follows
Rule: 13. Plural noun/ pronoun + each + verb are fixed. Never write them like “as regard/ as
(plural) concern/ as follow”
E.g. We each have to be there on time. E.g. The new details are as follows. (don't say
Ram and Mohan each work hard to get as follow)
success. Rule: 21. Use of country:
Rule: 14. Use of “all”. It is singular for things a. We use a singular verb with the name of a
and plural for people. country
E.g. All is well (things) E.g. India is my country
All are well (people) b. If country represents team verb will be
Rule: 15. If two nouns or pronouns are plural
connected by "and". Always use a plural verb. E.g. India have 11 players on the pitch.
E.g. Thomas Hardy and Rossetti were novelists. India win the toss and opt to bat first.
You and I have a new plan to discuss. Rule: 22. a/an/the + noun + and + noun + verb
Rule: 16. Parcel subjects: verb will be singular (singular)
E.g. Bread and butter, brick and stone, horse E.g. A poet and politician is coming to
and carriage, honour and glory, rice and inaugurate the new building.
curry, fish and curry, pen and ink and time Rule: 23. a/an/the + noun + and + a/an/the +
and tide. Etc. noun + verb (plural)
E.g. Bread and butter is required to live in a E.g. A doctor and a politician have organized
metro city. this meeting.
Time and tide waits for none. Rule: 23. a/an+ adjective + and + adjective +
Rule: 17. If two nouns or pronouns are noun (singular) + verb (singular)
connected by the following words. Verb will be E.g. A black and white cat is mine.
according to the first noun of pronoun Rule: 24. a/an/the + adjective + and + a/an/the
E.g. As well as, and not, with, together with, + adjective + Noun (singular) + verb (plural)
along with, in addition to, no less than, E.g. A black and a white cat are mine.
rather than, more than, like, unlike, but, Rule 25. Each/every/either/neither + noun
except, besides, including, excluding. (singular) + verb (singular)
E.g. A criminal with all his accomplices has been E.g. Each student has submitted his
arrested by police. assignments.
Rule: 18. If two nouns or pronouns are Rule: 26. Each/either/ neither + of + noun/
connected by the following words, the verb pronoun (plural) + verb (singular)
will be according to the nearest noun or E.g. Each of the students has to start practice.
pronoun. Either of the businessmen has furnished
E.g. Not only………but also, either…….or, his income to the department.
neither……. Nor, or and nor, etc. Rule: 27. One-third of/ two thirds of + noun
E.g. Not only Mohan but also his friends have (singular) + verb (singular)
been going abroad. [Don’t use “has] E.g. One-third of this book has been read by
Either you or I am going to market. [Don’t me.
use “are”] Two-thirds of the novel has a good story.
Rule: 19. Nothing but + noun (singular/plural) Rule: 28. One third of/ two thirds of + noun
+ verb (singular) (plural) + verb (plural)
E.g. One-third of students are on time. Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
Two-thirds of the politicians have opposed “are” in place of “is”. In the given sentence
the new law. subject “Himalayas” is plural. This subject
Rule: 29. A majority of / a minority of + noun demands a plural verb so “are” is the correct
(plural) + verb (plural) answer.
E.g. The majority of doctors are on strike. 3. Pt. Lala Bhai often says that (A)/ it are
Rule: 30. Use of “wages” these obscene films (B)/that lead the
a. 'Wages' is used for "money". The verb will youth to their moral degradation and are
be plural. responsible for many evils growing in our
E.g. His wages are not sufficient to live here. society(C)/No Error (D)
b. Wage is used for "result". The verb will be A. Pt. Lala Bhai often says that
singular. B. it are these obscene films
E.g. The wages of sin is death. C. that lead the youth to their moral
Rule: 31. A variety of + noun (plural) + verb degradation and are responsible for many
(plural) evils growing in our society
E.g. A variety of shoes have been sold. D. No Error
Rule: 32. No + singular noun + and + no + Answer: B
singular noun + verb (singular) Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
E.g. No boy and no girl is present in the class. “is” in place of “are”. In the given sentence “it”
is the subject. It is an introductory pronoun
Directions: In the following questions, some which always takes a singular verb.
part of the sentence may have errors. Find out 4. Shingles are a disease (A)/in which the
which part of the sentence has an error and patient develops (B)/lots of spots on the
select the appropriate option. If a sentence is body(C)/No Error(D)
free from error, select ‘No Error’. A. Shingles are a disease
1. The demand of the workers’ union that B. in which the patient develops
their wages should be (A)/ increased were C. lots of spots on the body
supported (B)/ by a vast majority(C)/ No D. No error
Error (D) Answer: A
A. The demand of the workers’ union that Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
their wages should be “is” in place of “are”. A few nouns always look
B. increased were supported plural, but they take singular verbs as they are
C. by a vast majority the names of subjects, movies and disease etc.
D. No error 5. The real important thing of our life is our
Answer: B livelihood which (A)/ discriminate (B)/ us
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use from animals (C)/ No Error (D)
“was” in place of “were”. The subject of the A. The real important thing of our life is our
sentence is “demand” which is a singular livelihood which
subject and we should use a singular verb. B. discriminate
2. Along the northern frontier (A)/ of India is C. us from animals
seen the mighty Himalayas (B)/in their D. No Error
splendor (C)/ No Error (D) Answer: B
A. Along the northern frontier Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
B. of India is seen the Himalayas mighty “discriminates” in place of “discriminate”. This
C. in their splendor is the case of “Relative Pronoun”. It always
D. No error takes verb according to the antecedent.
Answer: B
6. The social cooperation between all the Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
(A)/ countries in this year (B)/ have “is” in place of “are”. Because twenty rupees is
increased (C)/ No error (D) an amount and it takes singular verb.
A. The social cooperation between all the 10. Many a flowers bloom and fill (A)/ the
B. countries in this year garden with (B)/ fragrance to allure the
C. have increased visitors (C)/ no error (D)
D. No error A. Many a flowers bloom and fill
Answer: C B. the garden with
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use C. fragrance to allure the visitors
“has” in place of “have”. Because the subject of D. No error
this sentence is “the social cooperation” which Answer: A
is singular so use a singular verb. Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
7. A number of quotations in the dramas of “flower blooms and fills” in place of “flowers
(A)/ William Shakespeare and his bloom and fill”. Always us singular noun and
contemporary writers (B)/ shows how singular verb after many a/ an. Rule [many a/ an
common the abuse is (C)/ no error (D) + singular noun + singular verb]
A. A number of quotations in the dramas of 11. Every one of her five daughters (A)/ were
B. William Shakespeare and his beautiful (B)/ and they all have their own
contemporary writers ideology (C)/ No error (D)
C. shows how common the abuse is A. Every one of her five daughters
D. No error B. Was beautiful
Answer: C C. and they all have their own ideology
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use D. No error
“show” in place of “shows”. The subject of the Answer: D
sentence is “a number of”. We use plural noun Solution: The given sentence is correct.
and plural verb after “a number of” 12. The trouble with (A)/ most men’s daily
8. Some of the original freshness of the lives (B)/ are their job and family (C)/ no
works of (A)/ John Keats in his odes (B)/ error (D)
are still the same (C)/ no error (D) A. The trouble with
A. Some of the original freshness of the works B. most men’s daily lives
of C. are their job and family
B. John Keats in his odes D. No error
C. are still the same Answer: C
D. No error Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
Answer: C “is” in place of “are”. Here subject “the trouble”
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use is singular so use singular verb with it.
“is” in place of “are”. The subject of the 13. Now a days the teacher and scholar (A)/
sentence is “freshness” which is a singular have a lot of new and innovative (B)/
subject so use a singular verb with it. ideas to show the world (C)/ no error (D)
9. My friend tells me that (A)/ there are A. Now a days the teacher and scholar
twenty rupees (B)/in his pocket (C)/ no B. have a lot of new and innovative
error (D) C. ideas to show the world
A. My friend tells me that D. No error
B. there are twenty rupees Answer: B
C. in his pocket Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
D. No error “has” in place of “have”. If two nouns are
Answer: B connected with a conjunction “and”, article
“the” is used before the first one both nouns A. Are either of the candidates
are considered as a single body and verb will be B. who are nominee for the next election
singular. If both nouns are preceded by article C. suitable?
“the”, those nouns are considered two different D. No error
persons so the verb will be plural. Answer: A
14. The king and not his subjects (A)/ who are Solution: Option “A” is the correct answer. Use
busy in merry making (B)/ don’t care for “is” in place of “are”. In the given sentence
the kingdom (C)/ no error (D) “either” is a distributive pronoun which is
A. The king and not his subjects considered singular.
B. who are busy in merry making 18. The report is candid in admitting that the
C. don’t care for the kingdom investment by the Government (A)/ in
D. No error health and family planning (B)/ have been
Answer: C eroded considerably (C)/ no error (D)
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use A. The report is candid in admitting that the
“doesn’t” in place of “don’t”. if two nouns or investment by the Government
pronouns are connected with “in addition to/ as B. in health and family planning
well as/ and not/ with/ like and unlike” verb will C. have been eroded considerably
be according to the first noun or pronoun. D. no error
15. He as well as I (A)/ am one of the most (B)/ Answer: C
demanded players (C)/ no error (D) Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
A. He as well as I “has” in place of “have”. The first part of the
B. am one of the most sentence is correct but after the conjunction
C. demanded players “that” there is a subject “the investment” which
D. No error is a singular subject so use a singular verb after
Answer: B it.
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use 19. The number of marks carried by each
“is” in place of “am”. if two nouns or pronouns question (A)/ are indicated (B)/ at the end
are connected with “in addition to/ as well as/ of the question (C)/ No Error (D)
and not/ with/ like and unlike” verb will be A. The number of marks carried by each
according to the first noun or pronoun. question
16. Every boy and every girl in the class (A)/ B. are indicated
have to submit assignments to the class C. at the end of the question
teacher (B)/ by the end of this week (C)/ D. No Error
no error (D) Answer: B
A. Every boy and every girl in the class Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
B. have to submit assignments to the class “is” in place of “are”. If the subject is “the
teacher number of” it always takes plural noun and
C. by the end of this week singular verb.
D. No error 20. Neither the stuff nor the quality (A)/ of
Answer: B the clothes which (B)/ I purchased for her
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use yesterday were right (C)/ No Error (D)
“has” in place of “have”. “Every” is a A. Neither the stuff nor the quality
demonstrative adjective and it always takes B. of the clothes which
singular noun and singular verb. C. I purchased for him yesterday were right
17. Are either of the candidates (A)/ who are D. No Error
nominee for the next election (B)/ (C)/no Answer: C
error (D)
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use 24. Rakesh is one of the best comedians (A)/
“was” in place of “were”. If two noun or that has ever lived (B)/ Do you agree? (C)/
pronouns are connected by [not only……but No Error (D)
also/ either……or/ neither……nor etc.] verb A. He is one of the best novelists
should be according to the nearest noun or B. that has ever lived
pronoun. C. Do you agree?
21. Forty kilometers (A)/ from Greater Noida D. No error
to Delhi (B)/ are not a long distance (C)/ Answer: B
No Error (D) Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
A. Forty kilometers “have” in place of “has”. This is the case of
B. from Greater Noida to Delhi Relative Pronoun. In “Relative pronoun” verb
C. are not a long distance agree to the antecedent.
D. no error 25. We are happy that (A)/ our Prime
Answer: C Minister with the members (B)/ of his
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use cabinet are to be present at the function
“is” in place of “are”. In the given sentence the (C)/ No Error (D)
subject of the sentence is “Forty kilometres” A. We are happy that
which indicates a block of distance and is B. our Prime Minister with the members
considered singular. C. of his cabinet are to be present at the
22. The information supplied (A)/ to us were function
not as useful as we first(B)/thought it D. no error
would be(C)/ No Error (D Answer: C
A. The information supplied Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use
B. to us were not as useful as we first “is” in place of “are”. If two nouns or pronouns
C. thought it would be are connected with “ as well as/ in addition to/
D. no error with/ along with and except” verb agree to the
Answer: B first noun or pronoun.
Solution: Option “B” is the correct answer. Use
“was” in place of “were”. In the given sentence Directions: In these questions, four words are
the subject of the sentence “the information” is given out of which only one is mis-spelt. Find
singular. It is a singular subject so we should use that mis-spelt word.
singular verb. Hence option “B” is the correct 1. A. combination B. exageration
answer. C. hallucination D. admonition
23. From Bombay (A)/ the Rajdhani express Answer: B
(B)/ don’t go straight to New Delhi (C)/ No 2. A. Indomitable B. furmidable
Error (D) C. amicable D. admirable
A. From Bombay Answer: B
B. the Rajdhani express 3. A. demeanour B. deodorize
C. don’t go straight to New Delhi C. demonstretor D. demoralize
D. no error Answer: A & C
Answer: C 4. A. metaphor B. expletive
Solution: Option “C” is the correct answer. Use C. allegary D. parody
“doesn’t” in place of “don’t”. In the given Answer: C
sentence the subject is “the Rajdhani Express” 5. A. neurosurgeon B. homoeopath
which is singular so use a singular verb. C. bureaucrat D. veteinary
Answer: D
6. A. variety B. anxiety 22. A. repent B. serpent
C. gaitey D. society C. flagrent D. reverent
Answer: C Answer: C
7. A. assesment B. assignment 23. A. dining B. shining
C. alignment D. inherent C. determining D. begining
Answer: A Answer: D
8. A. synonimous B. anonymous 24. A. brillient B. valiant
C. unanimous D. pseudonymous C. salient D. radiant
Answer: A Answer: A
9. A. condom B. condemn 25. A. vendeta B. verisimilitude
C. contampt D. content C. vicarious D. vociferate
Answer: C Answer: A
10. A. accumulate B. challenge
C. beginning D. tolerent Directions: In these questions, groups of four
Answer: D words are given. In each group, one word is
11. A. peruse B. persuade correctly spelt. Find the correctly spelt word.
C. persuit D. pursue 1. A. semblence B. samblance
Answer: C C. semblance D. samblence
12. A. waitage B. baggage Answer: C
C. luggage D. village 2. A. gyncology B. gynaecology
Answer: A C. gynaeccology D. gynecology
13. A. submitted B. admitted Answer: B
C. comitted D. omitted 3. A. hypochondria B. hyppochondria
Answer: C C. hypochondrea D. hyppochondrea
14. A. receive B. conceive Answer: A
C. perceive D. deceive 4. A. instanttaneous B. instantaneous
Answer: D C. instanttanious D. instantaneous
15. A. accomplice B. accompaniment Answer: B
C. accomplishment D. accomodation 5. A. itinarrary B. itinerrary
Answer: D C. ittinerary D. itinerary
16. A. replaceable B. replaceing Answer: D
C. replacement D. replaced 6. A. entirty B. gratious
Answer: B C. discern D. contestent
17. A. relieve B. protein Answer: C
C. deceit D. frieght 7. A. reminiscence B. renounciation
Answer: D C. recolection D. relaxasion
18. A. labrinth B. laboratory Answer: A
C. laborious D. library Answer: A 8. A. scenary B. granery
19. A. commit B. commedian C. visionary D. luminery
C. committee D. communication Answer: C
Answer: B 9. A. colaborate B. coroborate
20. A. poignant B. relevent C. cooperate D. colocate
C. prevalent D. malignant Answer: C
Answer: B 10. A. fullfil B. ill-will
21. A. seize B. achieve C. fabbulous D. usefull
C. wierd D. leisure Answer: B
Answer: C
11. A. reciprocate B. recieve Answer: B
C. recetation D. receipt 19. A. inefable B. inaccesible
Answer: D C. infallible D. invinscible
12. A. traveling B. remitance Answer: C
C. kidnaping D. equitable 20. A. camoflage B. tabuleau
Answer: A C. milieu D. mirase
13. A. necessery B. temparory Answer: C
C. itinerary D. sanguinery 21. A. existence B. occurence
Answer: C C. depandance D. persistance
14. A. psycholagy B. appology Answer: A
C. criminolegy D. archaeology 22. A. sponsorship B. soveriegn
Answer: D C. subservient D. sepulcher
15. A. asociate B. intigrate Answer: C & D
C. appropriat D. exhilarate 23. A. handicaped B. frolicked
Answer: D C. kidnaped D. developped
16. A. mischevious B. miscariage Answer: B
C. misdemeanour D. misnomar 24. A. coersion B. precision
Answer: C C. negociation D. explotion
17. A. harassment B. committment Answer: B
C. breevement D. temparament 25. A. deliquancy B. friquency
Answer: A C. discrepency D. hesitancy
18. A. capracious B. auspicious Answer: D
C. fallicious D. dalicious
 IDIOMS AND PHRASES
1. Achilles’ heel (weak point): Everyone has their family when husbands and wives
his Achilles’ heel are at cross purposes.
2. At one’s wits’ end (perplexed): Sohan 17. After one’s own heart (to one’s liking):
was at his wit’s end to find that his When Deepa met a man she went after
younger brother has taken poison. her own heart, she got married to him.
3. At one’s fingertips (complete 18. At the bottom of (to be mainly
knowledge): All the rules of synthesis are responsible for): it was found later that
at his fingertips. Shanu was at the bottom of the whole
4. At the spur of the moment (at the exact trouble.
time): In an interview, we must reply at 19. At a loss (to be unable to decide): I am at
the spur of the moment. a loss to know what to do.
5. All in all (most important): as he was the 20. At dagger’s drawn (to have bitter
only son in a big family, he was all in all enmity): The quarrel between the two
in his home. brothers has grown more bitter now and
6. At close quarters (close examinations): they are at dagger’s drawn.
Many of my friends proved selfish at 21. At large (abscond, to keep unchained):
close quarters. People keep their dogs at large at night.
7. Apple-pie order (in perfect order): On 22. At sea (applied to a person confused): My
the eve of inspection everything was kept sister is quite a at sea in maths; she
in apple-pie order. cannot solve a single problem.
8. Aboveboard (honest and 23. Add fuel to the flame or fire (to make
straightforward): He is known for his matter worse): The attempt to suppress
above-board conduct. the agitation of the strikers only added
9. Above all (before everything else): fuel to the flame.
Above all, he is blunt and dares devil. 24. At sixes and sevens (in disorder): There
10. As fit as a fiddle (strong and healthy): He was a robbery in our neighborhood last
has recovered from illness and now he is night and when I entered the house to
as fit as a fiddle. inquire, everything was at sixes and
11. At random (aimlessly): The militants fired sevens.
at random killing a lot of innocent 25. Assumer airs (to pretend superiority):
persons. The rich are in the habit of assuming airs
12. At a loose end (unoccupied, idle): in the presence of their poor relations.
Nowadays he is at a loose end because 26. Argus-eyed (careful, observant): as a
he has wound up his business. politician, He is Argus Eyed and never
13. At logger's heads (to be at strife): The overlook even a small matter.
partners of our firm are at logger's heads 27. At a stone’s throw (very close): My
these days. friend’s house is at a stone’s throw from
14. At odds (in dispute): The members of the mine.
group were at odds over the selection
procedure. [B]
15. An apple of discord (cause of quarrel): 28. By hook or by crook (by one means or
Ancestral property is an apple of discord another): He is determined to obtain first
between two sisters. division in his class by hook or by crook
16. At cross purposes (have conflicting
intentions): How can there be peace in
29. Bear the brunt of (to bear the main shock Rajesh broke the ice and suggested a
of): The poor have to bear the brunt of plan to solve the problem.
increasing prices. 43. Bring to book (to punish, to call to
30. Bell the cat (to take the first step at account): The manager was bought to
personal risk): Many people can boast of book for his negligence.
their bravery, but very few can bell the 44. Breathe one’s last (to die): He breathed
cat. his last in the prime of his life.
31. Bid defiance (to ignore): Rohan bade 45. Back stairs influence (by unfair means):
defiance to his father’s wish of becoming These days many persons are given good
a doctor and instead became an posts through back stairs influence.
engineer. 46. Bird’s eye view (concise view): We had a
32. Blow one’s trumpet (to praise oneself ): bird’s eye view of the whole fair from the
No one likes to talk to those who are top of a giant wheel.
always blowing their own trumpet. 47. Bolt from the blue (sudden or
33. Break the news (to give bad news): He unexpected shock): The news of her
broke the news of her husband’s death husband’s death in the air crash came to
very gently to lessen the intensity of the her like a bolt from the blue.
shock. 48. Burn one’s boats (point of no return): By
34. Burn a hole in one’s pocket (money declaring that we were not going to sign
spent quickly): Money is given to a C.T.B.T. we burnt our boat
spendthrift only burns a hole in his 49. By the by (by the way): By the by, what is
pocket. your age?
35. Bury the hatchet (to make peace): India 50. Be up to (to be equal to): He is up to all
and Pakistan must bury the hatchet to the tricks of the trade to grind his own
bring about peace to the region. axe.
36. Besides oneself (to feel excessive): Due 51. Bated breath (in anxiety, expectancy):
to the accidental death of his wife he was The fate of the match hung in balance
beside himself with grief. and everybody waited for the result with
37. Bad blood (bitter relations): the riots bated breath.
have created bad blood between the two 52. Bandy words (to wrangle, to argue):
communities in India. Obedient children don’t use bandy
38. Black and blue (to beat mercilessly): The words with their parents when they are
thief was beaten black and blue by the advised.
police. 53. Bee in one’s bonnet (to be fussy): She
39. Beat about the bush (to talk in a seems to have a bee in her bonnet
roundabout manner): We should always because she is always finding faults with
come to the point and should not beat others.
about the bush. 54. Bite the dust (to be defeated): Pakistan
40. Beat the air (to make useless efforts): had to bite the dust in the final of the
some speakers merely beat the air in world cup.
speech while preaching. 55. Bluestocking (educated but pedantic
41. Build castles in the air (to make visionary lady): Nobody likes to mix with her
schemes): Many people who live in because she is a bluestocking.
dreams build castles in the air and do not 56. Bookworm (a person in the habit of
succeed in life. pouring over books): He has no time for
42. Break the ice (to speak first after social activities because he is a
prolonged silence): In the meeting, bookworm.
57. Bring down the house (receive 72. Born with a silver spoon (to be born in a
applause): Though it was his maiden rich family): My friend does not have to
speech, he brought down the house worry about spending any amount of
because of his oratory skill. money as she is born with a silver spoon
58. Browbeat (to bully): The president of the in her mouth.
college union always tries to browbeat 73. Burn the candle at both ends (squander):
the students opposed to him. After the death of his father, he is
59. Bad egg (a worthless): He comes of a burning the candle at both ends.
noble family but he is a bad egg. 74. By fits and starts (irregularly): If we study
60. Beside the mark (irrelevant): Nobody by fits and starts we can never be
agreed with him because his arguments successful in our exams.
were beside the mark. 75. By dint of (by force of): He achieved
61. Burn one’s fingers (to get into trouble): success in life by dint of hard work.
Those who interfere in the affairs of 76 Blow hot and cold (to speak in favour
others, often burn their fingers. and against at the same time): Do not
62. Brown study (reverie, day-dream): He trust those who blow hot and cold in the
could not follow the significance of my same breath.
offers. He was in a brown study. 77. By and by (gradually): He is recovering by
63. Bank on (depend on, count on): The rich and by after a long illness.
always bank on money to get things 78. Blue blood (aristocratic blood): Though
done. my friend has blue blood yet her conduct
64. Blaze the trail (to start a movement): is very mean and vulgar.
Mohan blazed the trail of the Indian
national movement. [C]
65. Bull in a china shop (one who causes 79. Carry matters with a high hand (to deal
damage): Most of the leaders of the with a person strictly): The owner of the
freedom struggle have proved bulls in a industry carried matters with a high
china shop. hand and expelled two workers who
66. By the rule of thumb (according to were caught doing mischief in the office.
practical experience): In order times 80. Clip one’s wings (to weaken the power):
business was run by the rule of thumb. My elder sister is very ambitious but my
67. Big draw (a huge attraction): The match mother will surely clip her wings.
between India and Pakistan is always a 81. Come home to (to understand): Seema
big draw. wanted to be a teacher in the college but
68. Broken reed (support that failed): When soon it came home to her that she was
he needed help, his friend proved broken not fit for the job as he was only a
reed. graduate.
69. By the skin of the teeth (support that 82. Come to a standstill (come to a sudden
failed): He escaped death in the accident stop): When we were going to Jammu
by the skin of the teeth. yesterday, our car came to a standstill
70. Bone of contention (cause of quarrel): right in the middle of the journey.
Since India got independence, the 83. Come off with flying colours (to come
Kashmir problem has been a bone of out successfully): The final football match
contention between India and Pakistan. was very crucial but finally we won and
71. Bit/piece of one’s mind (to scold): My came off with flying colours.
father wrote to my brother giving a piece 84. Cross one’s mind (to occur to oneself): In
of his mind about his insulting conduct. the examination hall, it crossed my mind
 that I had left my pen outside on the 98. Cheek by jowl (close together): In
table. metropolitan cities, it is common that
85. Cry for the moon (to wish for something affluence and poverty exist cheek by
impossible): The hope of winning the jowl.
lottery amounting to lakhs of rupees is 99. Come to a pass (a difficult situation): The
simply crying for the moon. things have come to such a pretty pass
86. Curry favour with (win favour of that he is financially ruined.
somebody): Neena gave a lot of costly 100. Close shave (a narrow escape): As he was
presents to her science teacher to curry driving recklessly in a crowded street, he
favour with him. had a close shave.
87. Call a spade a spade (to speak plainly): 101. Cut and dried (readymade form): There is
People often get angry when one calls a no cut and dried formula for success in
spade a spade. life.
88. Carry the day (to win a victory): After the 102. Clinch the issue (decide the matter):
initial setback, India carried the day in When he agreed to leave the house for
the test match. good, it clinched the issue in favour of his
89. Cut a sorry figure (to give a poor show): wife.
The speaker cut a sorry figure in the 103. Carry one’s point (win approval): After a
meeting. heated discussion, he was able to carry
90. Cry over spilled milk (repent): Careless his point.
students often have to cry over spilled 104. Chequered /checkered career (full of ups
milk during the exams. and down): Politicians have generally
91. Cut one’s coat according to one’s cloth chequered careers all along.
(to live within one’s means): A wise man 105. Cut both ends (argue in favour of both
always cuts his coat according to his sides): He is ambiguous because he
cloth if he wants to be successful in his always cuts both ends.
life. 106. Cocksure (very sure and certain): He was
92. Call names (to abuse): Neha called me so cocksure of his success that he applies
names, so she was severely punished by for the job before the declaration of the
the teacher. result.
93. Curtain lecture (a reproof by wife to her 107. Cock a snook (to show impudent
husband): My brother never pays any contempt): She is so proud of her wealth
attention to his wife’s curtain lecture and that she always cocks snook at the acts of
does what he thinks. her husband.
94. Chip of the old block (resembling one’s 108. Chapter and verse (in full detail, to give
parents inhabits): My friend is quite proof): He has such a sharp memory that
helpful like her father, so she is a chip off he can narrate the story chapter and
the old block. verse.
95. Cave in (yield): Although our team fought 109. Cool one’s heels (to be kept waiting): He
bravely, yet had to cave in before the had to cool his heels before he could
superior power play of the opposite meet the president of the party.
team. 110. Carrot and stick policy (reward and
96. Cloven hoof (the evil intention): The punishment): A successful businessman
Chinese showed the cloven hoof in 1962. follows the carrot and stick policy
97. Cutthroat (tough): It is very difficult for towards his employees.
the Indian industry to survive in the teeth
of international cutthroat competition.
111. Come in handy (to be useful): Take some 124. Damp squib (complete failure): The visit
woolen clothes. They may come in handy of our foreign minister to china proved a
in Shimla. damp squib on the border issue.

[D] [E]
112. Dig the grave (to tarnish, to destroy): By 125. Eat humble pie (to apologize): Despite
taking the side of the culprit he dug the his constant bragging he lost the match
grave of his reputation. and had to eat humble pie.
113. Draw the longbow (exaggerate): In 126. Eat one’s words (take a statement back):
calling him the best politician in the I warned my friend to be very careful in
world, his followers draw the longbow. her speech otherwise she would have to
114. Die in harness (die while working): Our eat her own words.
principal died in harness. 127. End in smoke /fiasco (come to nothing):
115. Dutch courage (bravery under the He spoke a lot about his new film but it
alcoholic influence): Drunkards often all ended in smoke and it flopped on the
indulge in Dutch courage and boast of box office.
their imaginary qualities. 128. Egg on (to urge somebody): The captain
116. Daredevil (fearless person): Only a egged the players on to continue to
daredevil can face the land mafia. struggle till the end of the match.
117. Dead broke (penniless): On account of 129. Eke out (supplement income): To eke out
reckless spending he is dead broke these his income he also works as a part-time
days. accountant in the evening.
118. Down and out (poor and ruined): After a 130. Every dog has its day (good fortune
slump in the share market, he is down comes sooner or later): Don’t be
and out these days. disappointed. It is truly said that every
119. Draconian law (extremely severe law): dog has its day.
During the emergency in 1975 the Govt. 131. Ever and anon (now and then,
impose draconian laws to subdue sometimes): He visits his parents ever
opposition. and anon.
120. Die-hard (persistent in struggle): He is a 132. (an) eyewash (a pretence): My friend’s
die-hard person and will not easily promise to help me just proved an
surrender. eyewash.
121. Days of reckoning (time to answer for
one’s actions): You may commit crime [F]
after crime but days of reckoning are 133. Flesh and blood (human nature): People
never far off. in some villages are so poor that their
122. Down in the mouth (out of elements): sufferings are more than a flesh and
Nowadays he is down in the mouth blood can endure.
because he has suffered heavy loss in 134. Fish in troubled waters (to take
business. advantage of the trouble of others):
123. Dog in the manger (a person who Shrewd businessman fish in troubled
prevents others from enjoying what he waters when things are scarce.
cannot): By disrupting parliament session 135. Follow suit (to act in a like manner): If
the congress is following a dog in the you do not obey your elders, your
manger policy. children will follow suit.
136. Fall flat (to not affect): The minister’s
speech fell flat on the audience.
137. Fight shy of (to attempt to avoid a thing 150. Foot the bill (bear expenses): Although
or person): I generally fight shy of he hosted the feast, his brother had to
confronting my elder sister as she is in foot the bill.
the habit of making sickening comments. 151. Fair-weather friend (selfish friend): A
138. Fabian policy (policy of delaying fair-weather friend will never stand by
decision): Politicians generally follow a you in difficulty.
Fabian policy to keep everyone satisfied. 152. Flash in the pen (sudden success): The
139. For no rhyme or reason (any reason success of the Indian cricket team is
whatsoever): Sarita did not appear for never constant and steady. It is generally
her final examinations for no rhyme or a flash in the pan.
reason. 153. Fit to hold a candle to (match for, equal
140. Fight to the finish (fight to the end): in quality): He is the son of a famous
Indian army has vowed to fight to the writer but he is not fit to hold a candle to
finish and turn every intruder out of his father.
Indian territory. 154. The fourth estate (the press): The
141. Few and far between (very rare): his visit newspaper is regarded as the fourth
to his home town are few and far estate of the state.
between because of his expanding 155. Feather in one’s cap (addition success):
business. His success in his M.A. exams had added
142. Flog a dead horse (to revive interest in a new feather in his cap.
old matters): The rivals always flog a 156. Fly in the face of (to defy): It is
dead horse to insult their enemies. disobedience on their part to fly in the
143. Fool’s errand (useless undertaking): His face of the orders of the principal.
visit to the states to earn money proved
to be a fool’s errand. [G]
144. Fall foul of (to quarrel): They were once 157. Gain ground (to succeed slowly &
bosom friends but now they have fallen steadily): The belief in the abolition of the
foul of each other. dowry system is gaining ground.
145. Fly off the handle (to lose one’s temper): 158. Get off scot-free (to escape without
When his father questioned him about punishment): A murderer can also very
money, he flew off the handle. easily get off scot-free for lack of
146. French leave (to be absent without evidence.
permission): Those who take French 159. Grease the palm (to bribe): nowadays if
leave should not be pardoned. you want to get your work done, you will
147. Fair and square (upright): My father have to grease the palm of someone or
advised me to be fair and square in the other.
business dealings. 160. Gird up the loins (to prepare for hard
148. Feather one’s own nest (to provide first work): Indians must grid up the lions to
for oneself): Our leaders are busy face any foreign attack on their country.
feathering their own nests and have no 161. Go to the dogs (to be ruined): The rich
concern for the poor. industrialist will go to the dogs because
149. From pillar to post (rush in all directions of his son’s bad habits.
and suffer much harassment): You may 162. Get oneself into a mess (to drift into
rush from pillar to post, but you stand no trouble): due to sheer ignorance, Vijay
chance of getting what you want without seems to have got himself into a mess in
a bribe. his office.
163. Give a wild berth (to avoid): We should 177. Good turn (an act of kindness): He did me
always give a wide berth to all selfish and a good turn by recommending me for the
mean persons. post of vice-president.
164. A gentleman at large (an unreliable
person): We must not believe a [H]
gentleman at large. 178. Hold water (sound, tenable): His
165. Good Samaritan (one who helps statement will not hold water as it is not
strangers): He is a good Samaritan based on facts
because he always comes to the help of 179. Hang together (support one another):
the old and the children in difficulties. The two statements delivered by the
166. Give a good account of oneself (to act leader of the party do not hang together.
creditably): As the eldest son of his 180. Hope against hope (hope despite
family, he gave a good account of himself disappointment): Sohan’s case is very
when calamity befell the family. weak and everybody knows that finally,
167. Give the devil his due (give credit to a he will lose, but he is still hoping against
worthless person for his good qualities): hope.
We should give the devil his due for his 181. Have an axe to grind (to have a selfish
good qualities. interest): Niharika is very selfish but the
168. Greenhorn (inexperienced): Though a way she is being polite with everyone
greenhorn in the political field, he gives the impression that she has an axe
appears to have a bright future. to grind.
169. Give up the ghost (pass away, die): After 182. Have the gift of the gab (the art of
a long illness he gave up the ghost last speaking): Meena is not highly qualified
week.’ but she has the gift of the gab.
170. Go the whole hog (to do something 183. Hit below the belt (to strike unfairly): We
thoroughly): You will have to go the should always face the enemy boldly and
whole hog to come out of this mess. never hit him below the belt.
171. Get into a scrape (awkward situation)-He 184. Hold one’s tongue (to keep quiet): We
got into a scrape when his wife refused should always hold our tongue before
to let him help his sister. our elders.
172. Go broke (become bankrupt): As a result 185. Herculean task (very difficult): It is a
of heavy gambling, he had to go broke in herculean task to root out corruption in
the long run. India.
173. Get into hot waters (get into trouble): He 186. Haul over the coals (to take to the task):
got into waters by marrying a girl of she was hauled over the coals by her
another caste. parents for her misconduct.
174. Great hand (expert): He is a great hand 187. Have one’s finger in everyone’s pie (to
at organizing social parties. partake of something): My best friend
175. Get down to brass tacks (to deal with the likes to have her finger in everyone’s pie
matter straight): Instead of wasting time as she IS in the habit of meddling with the
in discussion, please get down to brass affairs of others
tacks. 188. Halcyon days (peaceful days): The days
176. Give one a long rope (to let someone we spend in our school life are the
commit mistakes): He never gives his Halcyon days of our life.
employees a long rope. 189. Have an iron will (strong will): If we have
to live among the mean and selfish
people, we must have an iron will.
190. Hold out an olive branch (make peace) 209. Hornet’s nest (Raise controversy) The
The terrorists are not prepared to hold speaker stirred up Hornet’s nest by
out an olive branch to the government. referring to impending changes in the
191. Hanky Panky (jugglery) None of this rule.
Hanky Panky tell me the truth 210. Hole and corner (every secret) I know
192. Have Feet of clay (full of faults) the C.B.I. hole and corner of this organization.
inquiry has revealed that many ministers
have feet of clay. [I]
193. Heart and soul (devotedly) He took part 211. Ill at ease (uncomfortable) Sometimes
in the annual function heart and soul. we feel ill at ease in five-star hotels.
194. Hard and fast (Strict) No hard and fast 212. In a fix (Dilemma) The whole country is in
rule is for this situation. a fix after the decision of the Triple Talaq.
195. Hang fire (remain unsolved) Kashmir’s 213. In a fair way (hopeful) The doctor feels
problem is no hanging fire anymore. the patient is in a fair way after the
196. Hit the nail on the head (to do something operation.
right at right time) He hit the nail on the 214. In the good books of (to be in favour with
head by leaving this party. a person) Ram and Ravi has been in good
197. Hobson’s choice (No alternative) The books since childhood.
employee in the private sector has 215. In tune (in a mood) Teacher asked the
Hobson’s choice students if they were in tune.
198. Have too many irons in the fire (doing 216. In the lurch (to leave in difficulties) You
many things at a time) He is a fickle mind should not leave your dependents in the
and has many irons in the fire. lurch.
199. Hold in abeyance (Postpone) The 217. Ins and outs (secrets) The employees are
meeting was held in abeyance. always familiar with the ins and outs of
200. High and mighty (proud) The high and the company.
mighty forget that everything is 218. In the blues (depressed) After his failure,
transient. he is in the blues.
201. Hard-nosed attitude (Aggressive) He has 219. In the red (suffer a loss) Most of our govt.
a hard-nosed attitude toward the poor. sectors are in the red because of funds.
202. Hold in leash (to restrain) As a 220. In the limelight (prominent) After being
responsible leader of the party you out of favour with the leader of the party
should hold every politician in a leash. he is again in the limelight these days.
203. Head and shoulders (superior) Modi Ji is 221. In the teeth of (despite bitter
head and shoulders for his predecessors. opposition), Triple Talaq was passed in
204. Hold a brief (to defend somebody) It is the teeth of the Muslim Law Board.
very improper for parents to hold a brief 222. In a tight corner (in difficulties) After
for their children who are in the wrong. losing in gambling heavily, he is in a tight
205. Hush money (bribe) He gave hush money corner.
to the politicians. 223. In cold blood (do deliberately) A man was
206. Hold at bay (to prevent an enemy from murdered in the cold blood.
coming) We should hold enemies at bay. 224. In doldrums (to be depressed) Many
207. Hit the jackpot (unexpected success) He students are in doldrums after failure.
hit the jackpot by investing. 225. In the family was (pregnant) She was
208. Have a brush with (to have encountered) advised complete rest because she was
Our director has a brush with our on the family way.
teachers.
226. Ivory Tower (imaginary world) Many
youths are creating an ivory tower. [L]
227. In the dumps (in low spirits) After talking 241. Lost in the clouds (confused) Many
to him, I felt that I was in dumps. teachers are lost in clouds if they don’t
228. In a flutter (excited) she is a flutter. She have good contents.
is going abroad. 242. Lose ground (fail to keep position) The
belief in prophecies and horoscopes is
[J] losing ground these days.
229. Jaundiced eye (Prejudice) You must not 243. Laugh in one’s sleeves (laugh secretly)
evaluate the success of your rivals with a One of the employees was laughing in
jaundiced eye. the sleeves when the meeting was going
on.
[K] 244. Leave no stone unturned (to make all
230. Keep body and soul together (To possible efforts) We did our best to leave
maintain life) In a hectic life it is difficult no stone unturned.
to keep body and soul together. 245. Leap in dark (take risk deliberately) You
231. Keep at an arm’s length (To keep at a must not leap in the dark by starting a
distance) Bad peoples should always be business without experience.
kept at an arm’s length. 246. Look sharp (Make haste) Look sharp the
232. Keep the wolf from the door (to avoid train is moving.
starvation) In India many farmers 247. Live in fools’ paradise (false hope)
struggle hard to keep the wolf from the Without proper planning you are living in
door. a fool’s paradise.
233. Kith and kin (blood relatives) You should 248. Lion’s share (Large Part) The P.M. has
not support your kith in kin if they are lion's share in the success of the party.
not eligible. 249. Loaves and fishes (Material benefits)
234. Knit the brow (to frown) You should not Everyone is fighting for loaves and fishes
knit the brow at her every work. in metro cities.
235. Kick the bucket (to die) He kicked the 250. Live wire (Energetic) India needs live
bucket at an early age. wire political leaders.
236. Keep up appearances (to maintain 251. Look a gift horse in the mouth (criticize a
outwardly show) Though he is poor, he gift) If someone gives you something
always keeps up his appearances. wholeheartedly please don’t look a gift
237. Keep one’s fingers crossed (to wait horse in the mouth.
unexpectantly) We had to keep our 252. Long and short (in brief) Long and short
fingers crossed till the last ball was he is responsible for this mishap.
bowled. 253. Latin and Greek (incomprehensible) The
238. Keep the pot boiling (earn hardly enough speech of many politicians is always Latin
to live) Many Indians are earning only to and Greek.
keep the pot boiling. 254. The last nail in the coffin (causing ruin)
239. Kick one’s heels (to waste time in Quit India Movement proved the last nail
waiting) As the train was late every in the coffin of the British Empire.
passenger has to kick the heels. 255. Lead up the garden path (to cheat) The
240. Keep abreast of (Not to fall behind) It is shopkeepers lead the credulous
good for every director to keep abreast customers up the garden path.
all his employees. 256. Leaps and bounds (rapidly) Many MNCs
are progressing by leaps and bounds.
257. Let the grass grow under feet (to delay 274. Mince the matters (Hide the reality) Tell
the matters) Many problems are like let the truth don’t afraid and mince the
the grass grow under the feet. matters.
275. Mare’s nest (waste job/ invention) The
[M] involvement of the director in the
258. Make both ends meet (to live one’s meeting proved mare’s nest.
means) As my uncle has to bring up five
children he finds it difficult to make both [N]
ends meet. 276. Null and void (ineffective) The contents
259. Mend one’s fences (to make peace) It is that he derived were null and void.
high time for them to bury the hatchet 277. Next to nothing (almost nothing), The
and mend their fences. thieves looted everything and there was
260. Make a clean breast (confess) He made next to nothing left.
his clean breast before the judge. 278. Neck and crop (completely) The decoits
261. Make amends (to give compensation) finished him off neck and crop beyond
Government made amends for the loss recognition.
of public property. 279. No love lost (intense dislike) There is no
262. Make the most of (to utilize time) You love lost between Mohan and his
should make the most of resources to girlfriend.
get success. 280. Nip in the bud (to destroy in the very
263. Move heaven and earth (to try hard) He beginning) The evils of society must be
moved heaven and earth to become an nipped in the bud.
IAS officer. 281. Not worth one’s salt (not deserving) He
264. Make sure (ascertain) He went to the is not worth my salt.
office to make sure that everyone was
there. [O]
265. Make neither head nor tail (not to 282. Offhand (without preparation) He is very
understand) This story makes neither poor in English so he cannot answer the
head nor tail. questions off hand.
266. Moot point (a debatable point) What is 283. Overhead and ears (excessively) Mohan
the moot point today? is over head ears in love.
267. Meet’s one’s waterloo (to face defeat) 284. Out of question (certain), His hard work
Tipu Sultan met his waterloo in the last and success is out of question.
battle of Mysore. 285. Out of woods (out of danger) Patient is
268. Man of letters (scholar) APJ Abdul Kalam out of woods now.
was a man of letters. 286. Order of the day (in fashion) Narrow
269. Make light of (don’t care) He does not paints are the order of the day in Delhi.
make light of the advice of his parents. 287. On the score (on the grounds of) He was
270. Midas touch (productive) Our manager sent to jail on the score of evidence.
has the blessing of Midas touch he can 288. Over and above (moreover and besides)
make everything productive. I shall lend you money over and above
271. Man of parts (versatile) Amitabh what I have promised.
Bacchan is a man of parts. 289. Out and out (completely) Bhagat Singh
272. Mealy mouthed (soft-spoken) A mealy- was out and out a patriotic.
mouthed man is always successful. 290. Off and on (occasionally) Since he is busy
273. Man of straw (Weak person) Rohan is a not a days but she visits me off and on.
man of straw but good-natured.
291. Off colours (unusual form) Once a big 308. Pell Mell (great confusion) There was Pell
star now he is off colours. Mell after the lecture.
292. Odds and ends (scattered things) The 309. Play fast and loose (repeatedly changing
thief made away with the odds and ends one’s attitude) No one can trust Mohan
lying about the room. as he is used to playing fast and loose.
293. Off the hook (out of danger) He is yet not 310. Play second fiddle to (subordinate part)
out off the hook. A self-respecting man can never play
294. Oily tongue (flattering words) Many second fiddle to anyone.
people make you fool with oily tongue. 311. Play truant (to be absent without
295. On the horns of a dilemma (in a fix) After permission) It’s a very bad habit to play
completing my graduation, I am on the truant.
horns of a dilemma. 312. Play to the gallery (to gain cheap
296. One’s cup of tea (to one’s liking) popularity) The speeches of our leader
Teaching English is my cup of tea. are not sincere they are intended not to
297. Out of sorts (to be unwell) Shelly had play to the gallery.
been out of sorts the whole week. 313. Play duck and drakes (to squander
298. On its last leg (about to collapse) This money) We should not play ducks and
government is on its last leg. drakes. We should save something for
hard times.
314. Play foul (to do something wrong) Don’t
[P] play foul with your friends and relatives.
299. Past master (an expert) Our principal was 315. Plough the sands (futile labour) he
a past master. cannot make money because he appears
300. Palmy days (prosperous time) We still to plough the sands.
remember the Palmy days of our life 316. Pour oil on troubled waters (to pacify the
when we were in a village. matter) The two good friends exchanged
301. Part and parcel (inseparable part) every hot words but the intervention of their
citizen who is living here is the part and teacher poured oil on troubled waters.
parcel of this country. 317. Pull a long face (to look sad) She pulled a
302. Pass the buck (to blame each other) All long face When she was rebuked.
the politician pass the buck on each 318. Pull one’s socks up (Work hard) You
other. should pull your socks up before the
303. Pay off old scores (take revenge) The way exam.
he is treating his friends makes it quite 319. Pull strings (To influence) He managed
obvious that he is paying off old scores. his promotion by pulling strings.
304. Pay through one’s nose (to pay dearly) 320. Put heads together (consult seriously)
The customer has to pay through his They put their heads together before
nose because there is a scarcity of goods innings.
in the market. 321. Put a spoke in a wheel (to obstruct)
305. Pay lip service (pretend to regard) Many Many businessmen put a spoke in their
people pay lip service to their guests. wheel after GST.
306. Pay one back in the same coin (tit for tat) 322. Put the cart before the horse (to do
We should not hesitate in paying China wrong things first) He always puts the
and Pakistan back in their own coins. cart before the horse.
307. Pin money (allowances) He pays pin 323. Pros and cons (for and against a thing)
money to his wife. We must always consider the pros and
cons of any new project.
324. Pyrrhic victory (victory at a high cost) 337. Rule the roost (to dominate) Today the
Greek victory over Trojans proved rich rule the roost.
Pyrrhic victory. 338. Red rag to a bull (provoke) The law
325. Pick holes (to find fault with) He always against the dowry system is for the
picks a hole in every work. greedy persons like a red rag to a bull.
339. Ride roughshod over (to treat in a high
handed fashion) Don’t ride roughshod
[Q] over a person when he is down and out.
326. Queer fish (Strange person) One cannot 340. Rub one the wrong way (annoy) If you
make anything out of Rohan’s attitude as rub him the wrong way he is bound to
he is a queer fish. react.
327. Quixotic project (Foolish) Being not
worldly he wasted his money on Quixotic [S]
projects. 341. Sit on the fence (not to commit oneself)
When the party split Suresh was accused
[R] of sitting on the fence.
328. Rise to the occasion (to act the time 342. Smell a rat (to be suspicious) I smelt a rat
demands) To face a critical situation in the bargain that my uncle made with
boldly you should rise to the occasion. me.
329. Run short of (shortage) These days due 343. Shed crocodile tears (pretend sorrow)
to some financial crisis my friend is The mother shed crocodiles tears on her
running short of money. step daughter’s death.
330. Rank and file (common man) If we want 344. Split hair (to indulge) We should not try
our country to progress in every field we to split hair with our elders.
must improve an economic lot of the 345. Stand in good stead (to be helpful in
rank and file. need) During the time of distress the
331. Red tapism (official delay) Red Tapism is advice of elders stands in good stead.
a bane of Indian bureaucracy. 346. Show white feather (to show cowardice)
332. Rest on one’s laurels (complacent self Brave people never show the white
satisfy) Ambitious persons never rest on feather.
their laurels. 347. See eye to eye (to agree) Mohan could
333. Rock the boat (upset the balance) If your never see eye to eye with his elder
party withdraws the support from the brother.
government it may rock the boat. 348. Set store by (to value) I have always set
334. Red herring (something distract store by my father’s opinion.
attention) The demand of enquiry into 349. Snap one’s fingers at (to show contempt)
his conduct is just a red herring as there The industry owner feels that he may
is no truth in it. snap his fingers at the workers.
335. Ripe up the old sores (to revive forgotten 350. Speak volumes for (to have abundant
quarrel) Rahul and his wife cannot live in proof) The amount of sacrifice made by
peace they always ripe up their old Neema’s friend speak volume for her
sores. true love for her friend.
336. Read between the lines (hidden 351. Steal a march (to get ahead secretly)
meaning) If her essay is being read Rishi stole a march on my brother in
between the lines we will find that she trade and a very rich today.
has made comments against the
government.
352. Steer clear of (to avoid) Everyone if 368. Stand one’s ground (remain firm) He did
possible should steer clear of selfish not yield to pressure and stood his
people. ground till the end.
353. Swan song (last words) “Lament” was the 369. Small fry (insignificant person) Who cares
swan song of Shelley. for him he is a small fry.
354. Snake in the grass (a secret enemy) 370. The seamy side of life (immoral side) The
Pakistan is the snake in the grass for picture depicts realism and the seamy
India. side of life in modern India.
355. Sword of Damocles (constant threat) A 371. Sow wild oats (irresponsible pleasure-
sword of Damocles is always hanging seeking) After showing his wild oats Ram
over the head of a soldier in the war. has decided to stick to a straight and
356. Sail under false colours (a hypocrite) We narrow path in the future.
should not believe our leaders because 372. Spill the beans (to give information)
they sail under false colours. Continuous interrogation finally made
357. Spartan life (brave) Swami Vivekanand the man spill the beans and the disaster
lived a Spartan life-promoting health of was averted.
mind and body. 373. Stalking horse (pretence) The trade
358. Saves one’s face (to avoid disgrace) He is union's seemingly rightful demand is only
making lame excuses to save his face a stalking horse to blackmail the
because he could not qualify for pre- management.
exam.
359. Scarlet woman (a woman with loose [T]
morals) Being a scarlet woman she is 374. Turn the tables (reverse the condition)
looked down upon by her neighbours. Sometimes a bowler may turn the tables.
360. Set people by ears (to incite people) The 375. Turn up one’s nose (to take with
communal speeches set people by ear. contempt) She failed twice in the exam
361. Set Thames on fire (achieve sth yet she turns up her nose on my advice.
impossible) Qualifying civil services 376. Turncoat (One who changes political
examination for you is like setting the opinion) Some leaders are corrupt they
Thames on fire. turned their coat frequently.
362. The sweat of the brow (hard labour) The 377. Turn the corner (to pass a critical stage)
honest person lived by sweat on the After the operation my friend turned the
brow. corner and now he is completely alright.
363. Steals someone’s thunder (make a 378. Tall talk (exaggerate) First do something
better impression) The young actor don’t give a tall talk.
performed so well that he stole his rival's 379. Tooth and nail (with full energy) All the
thunder. freedom fighters fought tooth and nail
364. Straight from the shoulders (candidly), for the country.
My lawyer told me straight from the 380. Throw a spanner (to be defeated)
shoulder that my case was not weak. Opponent had to throw a spanner before
365. Shoplifter (one who steals from a shop) A a professional wrestler.
shoplifter often visits a shop as a 381. Turn a hair (show any reaction) Although
customer. his friends provoked him, he did not turn
366. Spick and span (in order) Her house looked a hair and remain calm.
spick and span. 382. Take with a pinch of salt (to accept with
367. Shot in the arm (encourage) I victory in doubt) Everybody takes Rahul’s problem
Kargil was a shot in the arm.
 with a pinch of salt because he is an 397. Through and through (entirely) He is
unbelievable person. drenched in corruption through and
383. Take the floor (make a speech) When through.
Modi Ji took the floor everyone shouted 398. Take the bull by horns (face the danger
in excitement. boldly) Many soldiers take the bull by
384. Tall stories (exaggerated stories) Since he horns to defeat the enemy.
retired from the army, he had been 399. Take to heart(feel excessive) He took his
famous for his tall stories. failure to heart and lost interest in
385. Throw up the sponge (surrender) You worldly affairs.
should never throw up the sponge one 400. Take heart (feel bold) You must take
day you will win. heart and face life boldly.
386. To and fro (forward and backward) She 401. Take lying down (accept insult) It is
was strolling by the river to and fro. impossible to take his remarks lying
387. Take up arms (to fight) The leaders have down. It amounts to surrender.
taken up their arms against the
government. [U]
388. Take somebody for a ride (to deceive) 402. Under a cloud (to be under suspicion) His
The shopkeepers take customers for a secret connection with the terrorists has
ride for selling cheap goods. brought him under a cloud.
389. Turn over a new leaf (to entirely change) 403. Up and doing (active) A labourer should
After the sudden loss in the business my be up and doing daily if he has to earn his
friend suddenly turned over a new leaf. living.
390. Throw cold water (to discourage) Instead 404. Under the rose (secretly) Against the
of encouraging his students, teachers wish of his parents, Mohan married Sita
threw the cold water on their project. under the rose.
391. Take to heels (to run away) The students 405. Ups and downs (change in life) Everyone
making mischief took to their heels has to face the ups and downs of life.
seeing the teacher. 406. Uphill task (a difficult task) Making a
392. Turn a deaf ear (don’t pay heed) When proper exam is an uphill task for SSC.
his wife demands something he turns a
deaf ear. [W]
393. Take to task (to scold punish) Teachers 407. Wry face (disappointed look) He made a
took my brother to task because he does wry face when he was refused admission
not respect elders. to the college of his choice.
394. Tall order (something difficult) It is a tall 408. With open arms (cordially) They
order to check population control in welcome the guest with open arms.
India. 409. Will o’ the-wisp (unreal/ imaginative) To
395. Throwdown the glove/gauntlet (to Romantic poets reality seems will o’ the-
challenge) China had thrown down the wisp.
gauntlet by not recognizing that Sikkim is 410. Win laurels (to win distinction)
a part of India. Shakespeare won the laurels in the world
396. Take the wind out of another’s sail (to of literature.
gain an advantage by anticipation) 411. Wide berth (keep away) We should give
Farsighted generals can win the war by a wide berth to smugglers.
taking the wind out of the enemy’s sail. 412. White elephant (less utility and more
expensive) He bought a Ferrari and it
became a white elephant for him.
413. Wash hands of (have nothing to do) I 420. Wild goose chase (unprofitable) All the
have washed hands of my chores. efforts of the government to control the
414. Weal and woe (joy and sorrow) We must population are wild goose chase.
learn to bear weal and woe of life 421. Wet blanket (who does not have
patiently. enthusiasm) The principal proved a wet
415. Well disposed to (friendly and helpful to blanket.
someone) One should be always well 422. With a high hand (oppressively) He was a
disposed to needy. king who ruled his subjects with a high
416. Wear and tear (damage caused by use) hand.
Wear and tear of the car is by Mohan. [Y]
417. Willy Nilly (whether one wishes or not) 423. Yellow press (sensational news) There is
Willy Nilly, she has to agree to the views. much unauthentic yellow press in the
418. Writing on the wall (signal/warning) The market.
factory owner read the writing on the 424. Yeoman’s service (excellent work)
wall and closed all the units. Vivekanand provides Yeoman’s service to the
419. Wrangle over an ass’ shadow (to quarrel nation
over trifles) Their old relationship ended
with a wrangle over an ass’ shadow.
 SYNONYMS
Directions: In each of the following questions, choose the word nearest in the meaning to
the given word :
1. ABANDON C. abolish
A. excuse D. destroy
B. forsake Ans: C
C. urge 8. ABSOLVE
D. risk A. consume
Ans: B B. punish
C. Acquit
2. ABERRATION D. withheld
A. intensification Ans: C
B. deviation
C. nationality 9. ABSORBING
D. justification A. concentrating
Ans: B B. engrossing
C. fascinating
3. ABJURE D. enriching
A. renounce Ans: B
B. announce
C. pronounce 10. ABSTAIN
D. denounce A. insist
Ans: A B. persist
C. refrain
4. ABLUTION D. resist
A. censure Ans: C
B. forgiveness 11. ABSURD
C. absolution A. diligent
D. washing B. ridiculous
Ans: D C. brisk
D. complex
5. ABNORMAL Ans: B
A. unnatural
B. aggressive 12. ABUNDANT
C. unique A. sufficient
D. informal B. plentiful
Ans: A C. significant
6. ABORTIVE D. vibrant
A. Plentiful Ans: B
B. Lawful
C. Unsuccessful 13. ABUSE
D. Fruitful A. Use
Ans: C B. praise
C. scorn
7. ABROGATE D. raise
A. elope Ans: C
B. gate-crash
14. ABYSMAL 21. ACHIEVE
A. Sickening A. accomplish
B. gloomy B. destroy
C. sad C. abdicate
D. bottomless D. bifurcate
Ans: D Ans: A

15. ACCEDE 22. ACQUAINT

A. consent A. arouse
B. access B. introduce
C. assess C. appoint
D. proceed D. acquire
Ans: A Ans: B

16. ACCOMPLISH 23. ACQUIESCENT

A. Surrender A. Tractable
B. achieve B. insurgent
C. forsake C. obstreperous
D. abandon D. recalcitrant
Ans: B Ans: A

17. ACCOUTREMENTS 24. ACQUIRE

A. relatives A. relinquish
B. Companions B. Procure
C. calculations C. lose
D. equipment D. renounce
Ans: D Ans: B

18. ACCRUE 25. ACRONYM

A. accumulate A. A word with two or more meanings
B. accommodate B. A word of new coinage
C. grow C. A word formed by the initial letters of
D. suffice words
Ans: A D. A word of picturesque effect
Ans: C
19. ACCURACY 26. ACUTE
A. Cleverness A. dull
B. Agreement B. drowsy
C. Precision C. Unpleasant
D. Attachment D. sharp
Ans: C Ans: D

20. ACCUSED 27. ADAPT

A. indicated A. bring up
B. indicted B. adjust
C. induced C. encourage
D. instigated D. serve
Ans: B Ans: B
28. ADEQUATE 36. ADVERSITY
A. suitable A. chance
B. capable B. capacity
C. appropriate C. joy
D. enough D. misfortune
Ans: D Ans: D

29. ADMONISH 37. ADVOCATE

A. irritate A. pronounce
B. chide B. support
C. displease C. determine
D. annoy D. predict
Ans: B Ans: B

30. ADMONITION 38. AFFLUENT

A. Admission A. Blossom
B. Hindrance B. flourish
C. Reason C. prosperous
D. Warning D. thrive
31. Ans: D Ans: C

32. ADORN 39. ALERT

A. trust A. Hostile
B. writer B. watchful
C. Suspect C. brave
D. beautify D. quick
Ans: D Ans: B

33. ADULATION 40. ALLURE

A. duration A. tempt
B. argument B. attempt
C. flattery C. deceive
D. institution D. praise
Ans: C Ans: A

34. ADVANCE 41. ALTRUISTIC

A. Bend A. hostile
B. Give B. outdated
C. Change C. selfish
D. Move forward D. philanthropic
Ans: D Ans: D

35. ADVERSE 42. AMELIORATE

A. unequal A. appease
B. Unfavourable B. improve
C. Unwanted C. humiliate
D. undue D. make excuse
Ans: B Ans: B
43. AMIABLE 51. ANTICIPATE
A. rude A. Antagonise
B. curt B. expect
C. friendly C. accept
D. annoyed D. hope
Ans: C Ans: B

44. ANCESTORS 52. ANTIPATHY

A. extinct tribes A. dishonesty
B. Relatives B. disturbance
C. Forefathers C. demonstration
D. old people D. dislike
Ans: C Ans: D

45. ANGER 53. APATHY

A. calmness A. negligence
B. leisure B. indifference
C. Vagueness C. sympathy
D. displeasure D. silence
46. Ans: D Ans: B

47. ANGUISH 54. APEX

A. Trouble A. Bottom
B. Conflict B. outward
C. Anger C. top
D. agony D. inward
Ans: D Ans: C

48. ANNIHILATE 55. APPEAR

A. solve A. See
B. initiate B. allow
C. Destroy C. Seem
D. deduce D. enter
Ans: C Ans: C

49. ANNOY 56. APPOSITE

A. refuse A. contrary
B. revoke B. Bitter
C. lazy C. appropriate
D. offend D. misleading
Ans: B Ans: C

50. ANTAGONIST 57. APPRAISE

A. non-believer A. accuse
B. trouble-maker B. praise
C. trouble-shooter C. appreciate
D. opponent D. judge
Ans: D Ans: D
58. APPREHENDED 65. ASSAULT
A. understood A. Attack
B. Arrested B. comfort
C. Feared C. construct
D. questioned D. attach
Ans: B Ans: A

59. APPRISE 66. ASSERTIVE

A. Praise A. Unassertive
B. inform B. timorous
C. conceal C. domineering
D. assess D. unobtrusive
Ans: B Ans: C

60. ARCANE 67. ASSESS

A. ancient A. overload
B. new B. measure
C. simple C. Permit
D. mysterious D. enter
Ans: D Ans: B

61. ARDUOUS 68. ATROCITY

A. Fervent A. Envy
B. Strong B. violence
C. Enthusiastic C. jealousy
D. Strenuous D. absurdity
Ans: D Ans: B

62. ARDUOUS 69. AUDACIOUS

A. troublesome A. brilliant
B. gloomy B. Powerful
C. difficult C. bold
D. perilous D. frightening
Ans: C Ans: C

63. ARTFUL 70. AUDACITY

A. artistic A. strength
B. cunning B. boldness
C. Intelligent C. asperity
D. attractive D. fear
Ans: B Ans: B

64. ASCRIPTION 71. AUGUST

A. description A. common
B. account B. ridiculous
C. attribution C. dignified
D. cure D. petty
Ans: C Ans: C
72. AUTOCRATIC 79. BARREN
A. Cooperative A. Good
B. dictatorial B. wholesome
C. inspirational C. unproductive
D. charitable D. profitable
Ans: B Ans: C

73. AVARICE 80. BASHFUL

A. generosity A. shy
B. envy B. Extrovert
C. greed C. Courageous
D. hatred D. broad-minded
Ans: C Ans: A

74. AVERSION 81. BEAUTIFUL

A. Aggression A. handsome
B. Assertion B. Alluring
C. Dislike C. Appealing
D. impudence D. attractive
Ans: C Ans: A

75. AWRY 82. BECKONED

A. straight A. accused
B. with fear B. called
C. respect C. sent
D. crookedly D. acquitted
Ans: D Ans: B

76. BAFFLE 83. BEHAVIOUR

A. Strike A. Conduct
B. puzzle B. Blessing
C. Flutter C. character
D. surpass D. response
Ans: B Ans: A

77. BANE 84. BELLIGERENT

A. challenge A. Peaceful
B. curse B. noisy
C. danger C. hostile
D. threat D. cautious
Ans: B Ans: C

78. BARBARIC 85. BENEVOLENCE

A. uncivilized A. ill-will
B. Premeditated B. Morbidity
C. barber’s C. kindness
D. thorny D. vision
Ans: A Ans: C
86. BESEECH 93. BRISK
A. crave A. quick
B. Praise B. Bright
C. bless C. puzzled
D. beg D. active
Ans: D Ans: A

87. BIFURCATED 94. BRUTAL

A. dissected into pieces A. humane
B. divided into two B. savage
C. thoroughly evaluate C. sympathetic
D. verbally abused D. compassionate
Ans: B Ans: B

88. BLISS 95. BRUTALIZE

A. pleasure A. Stir
B. fantasy B. ill-treat
C. happiness C. Devise
D. laughter D. strike
Ans: C Ans: B

89. BLISTER 96. BUMPTIOUS

A. chatter A. Uncouth
B. travel B. conceited
C. attack C. rude
D. wound D. shrewd
Ans: D Ans: B

90. BLUNDER 97. CAJOLE

A. Blemish A. insist
B. danger B. persuade
C. worry C. flatter
D. mistake D. recommend
Ans: D Ans: C

91. BOARD 98. CALIBER

A. food A. capacity
B. Furniture B. calmness
C. lodging C. crowd
D. frame D. career
Ans: A Ans: A

92. BOISTEROUS 99. CANCEL

A. Boyish A. abolish
B. huge B. approve
C. Sound C. allow
D. noisy D. break
Ans: D Ans: A
100. CANDID 107. CATASTROPHE
A. able A. Tragedy
B. quiet B. anger
C. fearless C. violence
D. frank D. hatred
Ans: D Ans: A

101. CANNY 108. CEASE

A. obstinate A. stop
B. proud B. lapse
C. stout C. close
D. clever D. arrest
Ans: D Ans: A

102. CANTANKEROUS 109. CENSURE

A. cancerous A. criticise
B. ferocious B. warn
C. Quarrelsome C. Advise
D. fissiparous D. evaluate
Ans: C Ans: A

103. CAPITULATE 110. CEREMONIAL

A. repeat A. Religious
B. execute B. formal
C. Summarize C. official
D. surrender D. pompous
Ans: D Ans: B

104. CAPRICIOUS 111. CHANGE

A. whimsical A. alter
B. unmovable B. renew
C. decisive C. review
D. stable D. repeat
Ans: A Ans: A

105. CARICATURE 112. CHARISMA

A. biographical sketch A. Character
B. grotesque likeness B. charm
C. eccentricity C. fame
D. personality trait D. power
Ans: B Ans: B

106. CATASTROPHE 113. CHASTISE

A. Clumsy A. praise
B. Disease B. upbraid
C. Rustic C. monitor
D. Calamity D. chase
Ans: D Ans: B
114. CIRCUITOUS 121. COMMAND
A. short A. lead
B. roundabout B. Instruct
C. Circular C. manage
D. different D. supervise
Ans: B Ans: B

115. CITADEL 122. COMMOTION

A. mansion A. cheer
B. Fortress B. imbalance
C. palace C. disturbance
D. metropolis D. movement
Ans: B Ans: C

116. CLANDESTINE 123. COMPASSIONATE

A. family A. pathetic
B. useful B. aesthetic
C. dangerous C. sympathetic
D. secret D. warm
Ans: D Ans: C

117. COARSE 124. COMPENSATE

A. academic A. compile
B. grain B. make up for
C. rough C. result in
D. training D. complete
Ans: C Ans: B

118. CODDLE 125. COMPLACENT

A. huddle A. satisfied
B. satisfy B. recommend
C. Protect C. Witty
D. cheat D. confuse
Ans: B Ans: A

119. COLLATE 126. CONCEAL

A. describe A. show
B. Narrate B. hide
C. prescribe C. cancel
D. assemble D. excuse
Ans: D Ans: B

120. COLOSSAL 127. CONCEALED

A. Gigantic A. covered
B. Colourful B. closed
C. Beautiful C. sealed
D. fantastic D. hidden
Ans: A Ans: D
128. CONCURRENCE 135. CONNOTE
A. occurrence A. pay
B. conquest B. Convey
C. currency C. Conspire
D. agreement D. print
Ans: D Ans: B

129. CONDONE 136. CONSCIOUSNESS

A. Ignore A. Understanding
B. overlook B. Nothingness
C. forgive C. awareness
D. forget D. vision
Ans: B Ans: C

130. CONFIDENTIAL 137. CONSCRIPT

A. obvious A. Draft
B. honest B. draw
C. secret C. Encircle
D. accurate D. subscribe
Ans: C Ans: A

131. CONGREGATION 138. CONSENSUS

A. concentration A. unanamity
B. meeting B. equanimity
C. discussion C. magnanimity
D. judgement D. proximity
Ans: B Ans: A

132. CONGRUENT 139. CONSERVATION

A. Different A. preservation
B. Identical B. respiration
C. parallel C. correction
D. unfit D. confusion
Ans: B Ans: A

133. CONJECTURE 140. CONSIDERATE

A. guess A. Agreeable
B. truth B. kind
C. knowledge C. like-minded
D. bias D. thoughtful
Ans: A Ans: D

134. CONJURER 141. CONSIGNEE

A. magician A. delegate
B. jester B. Representative
C. performer C. nominee
D. trickster D. messenger
Ans A Ans: C
142. CONSORT 149. CONVALESCE
A. Protect A. Diminish
B. Partner B. admonish
C. Convoy C. Recover
D. Guide D. convey
Ans: B Ans: C

143. CONSTERNATION 150. CONVICT

A. Dismay A. adventurer
B. Anxiety B. fugitive
C. Hatred C. criminal
D. Ignorance D. impostor
Ans: A Ans: C

144. CONSTRAIN 151. COPIOUS

A. stress A. Vast
B. contradict B. Identical
C. restrict C. Plentiful
D. obstruct D. Messy
Ans: C Ans: C

145. CONTEMPLATION 152. CORDIAL

A. consideration A. affectionate
B. meditation B. generous
C. deliberation C. friendly
D. speculation D. kind
Ans: B Ans: C

146. CONTRABAND 153. COUNTERFEIT

A. Burgled A. Constant
B. Smuggled B. Unknown
C. Baffled C. biased
D. Juggled D. fake
Ans: B Ans: D

147. CONTRITE 154. COVENANT

A. concise A. case
B. regretful B. Coupon
C. compassionate C. contract
D. unapologetic D. settlement
Ans: B Ans: C

148. CONTROVERT 155. CRAFTY

A. subvert A. evil
B. indict B. cunning
C. contradict C. unkind
D. confuse D. infamous
Ans: C Ans: B
156. CREDIBLE 163. DAMP
A. charming A. light
B. serious B. clear
C. believable C. wet
D. worthy D. complicated
Ans: C Ans: C

157. CREDULOUS 164. DANGEROUS

A. Funny A. Safe
B. Silly B. strong
C. Innocent C. hazardous
D. Gullible D. secure
Ans: D Ans: C

158. CRUDE 165. DARING

A. unrefined A. Brilliant
B. cruel B. energetic
C. rude C. enthusiastic
D. savage D. courageous
Ans: A Ans: D

159. CRUSADE 166. DEARTH

A. campaign A. scarcity
B. flatten B. familiarity
C. critical C. closeness
D. angry D. relation
Ans: A Ans: A

160. CULMINATION 167. DEBACLE

A. conclusion A. decline
B. climax B. downfall
C. abyss C. discomfiture
D. cultivation D. degeneration
Ans: B Ans: B

161. CUPIDITY 168. DECAMP

A. fear A. Move
B. Friendship B. encamp
C. greed C. flee
D. love D. hide
Ans: C Ans: C

162. CURIOUS 169. DECAY

A. Doubtful A. decompose
B. Inquisitive B. decline
C. sad C. dispose
D. suspicious D. disturb
Ans: B Ans: C
170. DECIMATED 177. DELUGE
A. Captured A. confusion
B. Destroyed B. deception
C. Damaged C. flood
D. Worried D. weapon
Ans: B Ans: C

171. DECREPITUDE 184. DELUSION

A. disease E. Illumination
B. coolness F. illusion
C. crowd G. ascension
D. feebleness H. reality
Ans: D Ans: B

172. DEFER 178. DEMENTED

A. indifferent A. reasonable
B. defy B. sensible
C. differ C. idiotic
D. postpone D. lucid
Ans: D Ans: C

173. DEFERENCE 179. DEMISE

A. Indifference A. death
B. sympathy B. misfortune
C. respect C. accident
D. flattery D. dismissal
Ans: C Ans: A

174. DELIBERATE 180. DEMONSTRATE

A. purposeless A. Remonstrate
B. perpetrate B. show
C. intentional C. witness
D. intervention D. complain
Ans: C Ans: B

175. DELIIBERATELY 181. DENY

A. spontaneously A. regain
B. inadvertently B. refuse
C. intentionally C. repair
D. naturally D. reduce
Ans: C Ans: B

176. DELINEATE 182. DERISION

A. expand A. humiliation
B. portray B. embarrassment
C. explain C. ridicule
D. argue D. condemnation
Ans: C Ans: C
183. DERIVE 191. DETRIMENTAL
A. contain A. deplorable
B. attain B. Fundamental
C. sustain C. harmful
D. obtain D. disgraceful
Ans: D Ans: C

184. DEROGATORY 192. DEVOUT

A. Injurious A. pious
B. shattering B. solemn
C. destructive C. loyal
D. disparaging D. dedicated
Ans: D Ans: A

185. DESICCATED 193. DEXTERITY

A. Dry A. Incompetence
B. Drain B. Gaucheness
C. clear C. adroitness
D. fade D. ineptitude
Ans: A Ans: C

186. DESPERATION 194. DIFFIDENT

A. Depression A. timid
B. jubilation B. unhappy
C. fascination C. discourteous
D. hopelessness D. gentle
187. Ans: D Ans: A

188. DESPONDENT 195. DILATE

A. deserted A. spin
B. dejected B. Weaken
C. rejected C. widen
D. repentant D. push
Ans: B Ans: C

189. DESULTORY 196. DILIGENT

A. random A. desirous
B. frugal B. hardworking
C. forsake C. ridiculous
D. diminish D. assiduous
Ans: A Ans: D

190. DETER 197. DIMINISH

A. neglect A. Prohibit
B. Disapprove B. worsen
C. differ C. reduce
D. hinder D. shorten
Ans: D Ans: C
198. DISASTER 205. DOLEFUL
A. death A. mournful
B. Epidemic B. sober
C. misfortune C. regretful
D. derailment D. cheerless
Ans: C Ans: A

199. DISCRIMINATE 206. DRIZZLE

A. compare A. sprinkle
B. Distinguish B. trickle
C. comprehend C. splash
D. connect D. downpour
Ans: B Ans: A

200. DISEASE 207. DUBIOUS

A. fall A. doubtful
B. damage B. disputable
C. illness C. duplicate
D. injury D. dangerous
Ans: C Ans: A

201. DISHEVELLED 208. DULCET

A. tidy A. Sweet
B. Clean B. dull
C. neat C. hard
D. untidy D. sour
Ans: D Ans: A

202. DISPARITY 209. DUPLICATION

A. disseminate A. Breed
B. difference B. reproduction
C. discord C. print
D. difficulty D. copying
Ans: B Ans: D

203. DISSUADE 210. DWINDLE

A. encourage A. flourish
B. worry B. grow
C. disturb C. increase
D. discourage D. decrease
Ans: D Ans: D

204. DOCILE 211. ECONOMICAL

A. submissive A. extravagant
B. stubborn B. lavish
C. strong C. thrifty
D. changeable D. stingy
Ans: A Ans: C
212. ECSTASY 219. EMBRACE
A. Economy A. impress
B. eclipse B. except
C. joy C. embarrass
D. extremism D. accept
Ans: C Ans: D

213. EFFECT 220. EMIT

A. result A. discharge
B. Warning B. appear
C. chance C. vomit
D. purpose D. disappear
Ans: A Ans: A

214. EFFICIENT 221. EMULATE

A. Clever A. echo
B. smart B. mimick
C. known C. imitate
D. capable D. simulate
Ans: D Ans: C

215. EFFIGY 222. ENCOUNTERED

A. organ A. faced
B. dummy B. solved
C. imagery C. entered
D. reflection D. entertained
Ans: B Ans: A

216. ELASTIC 223. ENGROSS

A. free A. dismiss
B. liberal B. oppress
C. flexible C. absorb
D. broad D. endanger
Ans: C Ans: C

217. ELUDE 224. ENIGMA

A. allure A. Attractive
B. leave B. riddle
C. deceive C. flare-up
D. escape D. dream
Ans: D Ans: B

218. EMANCIPATE 225. ENIGMATIC

A. liberate A. magnetic
B. exist B. Automatic
C. correct C. speeding
D. restrain D. puzzling
Ans: A Ans: D
226. ENLIVEN 233. ESPIONAGE
A. Dampen A. hypnotism
B. cheer B. spying
C. depress C. perception
D. subdue D. détente
Ans. B Ans: B

227. ENORMOUS 234. ESSENTIAL

A. petty A. hidden
B. warehouse B. obvious
C. immense C. vital
D. trivial D. trivial
Ans: C Ans: C

228. ENTERPRISING 235. ESTRANGED

A. doing a new experiment A. jealous
B. finding out new ways of doing things B. angry
C. taking up a new job C. separated
D. a new venture D. suspicious
Ans: B Ans: C

229. EPIDEMIC 236. ETERNAL

A. Endemic A. Innumerable
B. local B. Unmeasurable
C. widespread C. prolonged
D. natural D. perpetual
Ans: C Ans: D

230. ERRONEOUS 237. EULOGY

A. inaccurate A. harmony
B. unfair B. euphoria
C. wrong C. praise
D. false D. homily
Ans: D Ans: C

231. ERRONEOUSLY 238. 252. EVADE

A. previously A. Vacate
B. effectively B. Cheat
C. wrongly C. Pretend
D. evidently D. Avoid
Ans: C Ans: D

232. ERUDITE 239. EVENTUALLY

A. Scholarly A. previously
B. unlettered B. briefly
C. stingy C. finally
D. sloppy D. successfully
Ans: A Ans: C
240. EVINCE 247. EXTRICATE
A. Recollect A. free
B. show B. Tie
C. appear C. complicate
D. produce D. pull
Ans: B Ans: A

241. EXAGGERATE 248. FABULOUS

A. magnify A. Beautiful
B. Imagine B. marvellous
C. reinforce C. interesting
D. reiterate D. charming
Ans: A Ans: B

242. EXASPERATE 249. FATAL

A. tranquilize A. terrible
B. Alleviate B. deadly
C. infuriate C. poisonous
D. appease D. wrong
Ans: C Ans: B

243. EXECRATE 250. FATUOUS

A. curse A. Fastidious
B. deplore B. fantastic
C. denounce C. funny
D. desecrate D. silly
Ans: A Ans: D

244. EXHORT 251. FEEBLE

A. recommend A. weak
B. Coax B. playful
C. pressure C. pretty
D. push D. small
Ans: C Ans: A

245. EXORBITANT 252. FELICITATED

A. Odd A. admired
B. Ridiculous B. adored
C. excessive C. encouraged
D. threatening D. congratulated
Ans: C Ans: D

246. EXOTIC 253. FELICITY

A. alien A. prosperity
B. Strange B. honesty
C. rare C. bliss
D. grand D. sorrow
Ans: B Ans: C
254. FETCH 261. FLIMSY
A. order A. funny
B. bring B. irrational
C. scoop C. weak
D. take D. partisan
Ans: B Ans: C

255. FICTITIOUS 262. FLUTTER

A. false A. soar
B. frail B. agitate
C. foul C. change
D. flattering D. float
Ans: A Ans: D

256. FIDELITY 263. FOREBODING

A. Affection A. Alarm
B. allegiance B. forecast
C. accuracy C. failure
D. loyalty D. foresight
Ans: D Ans: A

257. FILTHY 264. FOREGO

A. spotless A. Renounce
B. immaculate B. disown
C. dirty C. leave
D. clean D. accumulate
Ans: C Ans: C

258. FLABBERGASTED 265. FORSAKEN

A. scared A. nurtured
B. embarrassed B. neglected
C. dumbfounded C. pardoned
D. humiliated D. abandoned
Ans: C Ans: D

259. FLAIR 266. FORSWEAR

A. talent A. swear
B. tendency B. oath
C. bias C. abuse
D. need D. forsake
Ans: A Ans: D

260. FLAUNT 267. FORTIFY

A. cut A. create
B. Deceive B. generate
C. exhibit C. prohibit
D. blame D. strengthen
Ans: C Ans: D
268. FRAGRANCE 275. GARNISH
A. taste A. Honour
B. aroma B. respect
C. sight C. obey
D. touch D. adorn
Ans: B Ans: D

269. FREELANCE 276. GARRULOUS

A. self-betrayed A. talkative
B. self-centred B. sedative
C. self-employed C. vocative
D. self-driven D. positive
Ans: C Ans: A

270. FRONTIER 277. GATHER

A. Edge A. scatter
B. landmark B. disperse
C. boundary C. congregate
D. corner D. separate
Ans: C Ans: C

271. FRUGAL 278. GENIAL

A. economical A. Cordial
B. delicate B. unselfish
C. splendid C. careful
D. hungry D. specific
Ans: A 279. Ans: A

272. FURY 280. GENIUS

A. Shout A. generous
B. Scold B. foreigner
C. Frown C. a person with uncommon intellect
D. Anger D. athlete
Ans: D Ans: C

273. FUTILITY 281. GENRE

A. uselessness A. celebrity
B. Insignificance B. common man
C. irrelevance C. category
D. unimportance D. pleasant
Ans: A Ans: C

274. GARBLE 282. GENUINE

A. confuse A. authentic
B. hide B. legitimate
C. communicate C. reliable
D. explain D. pure
Ans: A Ans: A
283. GLOOMY 290. GRUFF
A. Misty A. Hard
B. obscure B. rough
C. murky C. tough
D. shadowy D. sturdy
Ans: C Ans: B

284. GNOME 291. GRUMBLE

A. giant A. Scold
B. dwarf B. Complain
C. native C. sheer
D. alien D. fight
Ans: B Ans: B

285. GOURMET 292. GUILE

A. fussy A. cunning
B. Praise B. Careful
C. gastronome C. careless
D. constant D. greedy
Ans: C Ans: A

286. GRANDEUR 293. GULLIBILITY

A. Magnificence A. Shrewdness
B. admiration B. simplicity
C. happiness C. avidity
D. awe D. gravity
Ans: A 294. Ans: B

287. GRAVE 295. HALLUCINATION

A. Dead A. delusion
B. Still B. habitat
C. Serious C. dress
D. Sad D. deception
Ans: C Ans: A

288. GREET 296. HAPPINESS

A. Welcome A. Grief
B. hostile B. sorrow
C. unsociable C. misery
D. aloof D. bliss
Ans: A Ans: D

289. GRUESOME 297. HARD

A. Sullen A. Difficult
B. hideous B. simple
C. exhausting C. common
D. insulting D. easy
Ans: B Ans: A
298. HAUGHTY 305. HUMILIATION
A. humble A. elimination
B. subservient B. Dishonour
C. meek C. irritation
D. conceited D. damage
Ans: D Ans: B

299. HERALDED 306. HUMOROUS

A. clapped A. witty
B. proclaimed B. innovative
C. protested C. fashionable
D. rewarded D. timid
Ans: A Ans: A

300. HESITATE 307. HURDLE

A. determine A. obstacle
B. pause B. ban
C. settle C. hedge
D. resolve D. relay
Ans: B Ans: A

301. HONEST 308. IILICIT

A. authentic A. immoral
B. upright B. illegal
C. direct C. ineligible
D. actual D. illegible
Ans: B Ans: B

302. HONOUR 309. ILL-BRED

A. Determination A. uncouth
B. courage B. well-bred
C. respect C. courteous
D. discipline D. mannerly
Ans: C Ans: A

303. HOODWINK 310. ILLICIT

A. Deceive A. unlawful
B. Negate B. disgraceful
C. Upset C. improper
D. Cover D. infamous
Ans: A Ans: A

304. HUMANE 311. IMAGINARY

A. sympathetic A. fabulous
B. Spirit B. fictitious
C. straight C. factitious
D. source D. fallacious
Ans: A Ans: B
312. IMITATE 319. INADVERTENT
A. follow A. insignificant
B. copy B. careless
C. think C. unintentional
D. allude D. difficult
Ans: B Ans: C

313. IMPECCABLE 320. INADVERTENT

A. perfect A. thoughtless
B. fair B. unintentional
C. faultless C. insane
D. criminal D. unintelligent
Ans: A Ans: B

314. IMPEDIMENT 321. INCAPACITATE

A. clear A. cripple
B. ailment B. strengthen
C. incapable C. imprison
D. obstruction D. invent
Ans: D Ans: A

315. IMPERVIOUS 322. INCEPTION

A. audacious A. initiative
B. haphazard B. beginning
C. impenetrable C. initial
D. illogical D. origin
Ans: C Ans: B

316. IMPETUOUS 323. INCESSANTLY

A. Impious A. continuously
B. Impressive B. inevitably
C. Hasty C. regularly
D. Disturbing D. indiscreetly
Ans: C Ans: A

317. IMPIOUS 324. INCLEMENT

A. holy A. selfish
B. mischievous B. active
C. shrewd C. unfavourable
D. irreverent D. inactive
Ans: D Ans: C

318. IMPOST 325. INDICT

A. Fertilizer A. implicate
B. dispatch B. elude
C. tax C. charge
D. postage D. manifest
Ans: C Ans: C
326. INDICTMENT 333. INFIRM
A. revelation A. unsteady
B. Acquittal B. timid
C. refusal C. nervous
D. accusation D. weak
Ans: D Ans: D

327. INDIGNATION 334. INFRUCTUOUS

A. hatred A. meaningless
B. anger B. unnecessary
C. disapproval C. redundant
D. contempt D. fruitless
Ans: B Ans: D

328. INDOLENT 335. INGENUOUS

A. Lazy A. innocent
B. Expensive B. artful
C. Active C. cunning
D. Happy D. clever
Ans: A Ans: A

329. INEFFABLE 336. INNOCUOUS

A. unintelligible A. Innocent
B. illegible B. Innovative
C. inexplicable C. Inoffensive
D. inexpressible D. Innermost
Ans: D Ans: C

330. INEVITABLE 337. INSANE

A. significant A. Cowardice
B. unavoidable B. foolish
C. crucial C. mad
D. undeniable D. funny
Ans: B Ans: C

331. INFAMY 338. INSENSITIVE

A. notoriety A. Repulsive
B. glory B. Revolting
C. integrity C. cunning
D. familiarity D. callous
Ans: A Ans: D

332. INFATUATION 339. INSIPID

A. emotion A. spicy
B. passion B. bland
C. imagination C. interesting
D. compassion D. warm
Ans: B Ans: A
340. INSOLENT 347. INVINCIBLE
A. distasteful A. Vulnerable
B. impatient B. fallible
C. diabolic C. yielding
D. rude D. unassailable
Ans: D Ans: D

341. INSTANT 348. INVOICE

A. constant A. Word
B. distant B. sound
C. immediate C. statement
D. sudden D. language
Ans: C Ans: C

342. INTEGRATION 349. IRASCIBLE

A. symmetry A. temperamental
B. unity B. envious
C. coordination C. angry
D. compromise D. irritable
Ans: B Ans: D

343. INTERFERENCE 350. IRREPROACHABLE

A. honour A. remarkable
B. extraordinary
B. obstruction
C. faultless
C. fearful
D. immense
D. deference
Ans: C
Ans: B
351. IRRESOLUTE
344. INTREPID A. undecided
A. ambitious B. angry
B. determined C. ignorant
C. talkative D. firm
D. fearless Ans: A
Ans: D
352. IRREVERENCE
345. INVARIABLE A. disrespect
A. Usual B. cruelty
B. universal C. unkindness
C. constant D. invalidity
D. similar Ans: A
Ans: C
353. IRREVOCABLE
346. INVIGORATING A. changed
B. done
A. Vibrating
C. unalterable
B. Refreshing
D. reversible
C. Exaggerated
Ans: C
D. Accelerating
Ans: B
354. ITINERANT 361. KNAVISH
A. frequent use of the word ‘it’ A. honourable
B. anything involving repetition B. noble
C. plan for a proposed journey C. trustworthy
D. travelling from place to place D. unscrupulous
Ans: D Ans: D

355. JABBER 362. LABYRINTH

A. eloquent A. maze
B. chatter B. path
C. talk C. skyscraper
D. speak D. impasse
Ans: B Ans: A

356. JEALOUS 363. LACONIC

A. interested A. lengthy
B. hatred B. concise
C. envied C. substantial
D. admired D. comatose
Ans: C Ans: B

357. JUBILANT 364. LASSITUDE

A. brilliant A. Sluggishness
B. proud B. stagnation
C. ecstatic C. depression
D. gloomy D. delicacy
Ans: C Ans: A

358. KIOSK 365. LATENT

A. store A. hidden
B. Shop B. expose
C. booth C. obstruct
D. mall D. confuse
Ans: A Ans: A

359. KNACK 366. LAUD

A. dexterity A. like
B. awkwardness B. Acknowledge
C. clumsiness C. praise
D. disability D. record
Ans: A Ans: B

360. KNAVE 367. LETHARGIC

A. emperor A. energetic
B. enchanter B. lazy
C. soldier C. lethal
D. scoundrel D. legal
Ans: D Ans: B
368. LETHARGIC 375. LOUSY
A. inactive A. awesome
B. elated B. awful
C. thrilled C. aura
D. jounce D. awry
Ans: A Ans: B

369. LIABILITY 376. LUCIDITY

A. debt A. fluidity
B. debit B. politeness
C. asset C. clarity
D. credit D. fluency
Ans: A Ans: C

370. LIBERTY 377. LURID

A. Freedom A. happy
B. equality B. abundant
C. charity C. bright
D. democracy D. shocking
Ans: A Ans: D

371. LIMPID 378. LUXURIANT

A. clear A. luxury-loving
B. crippled B. lovely
C. lopsided C. rich
D. ruffled D. abundant
Ans: A Ans: D

372. LITTLE 379. MAESTRO

A. trivial A. Genius
B. Petty B. admirer
C. sample C. employee
D. simple D. novice
Ans: A Ans: A

373. LOGICAL 380. MAGNIFICENT

A. Responsive A. magnanimous
B. rational B. modest
C. educated C. generous
D. improper D. splendid
Ans: B Ans: D

374. LOQUACIOUS 381. MANIA

A. talkative A. greatness
B. slow B. fame
C. content C. madness
D. unclear D. wisdom
Ans: A Ans: C
382. MASTERY 389. MENTOR
A. mystery A. guide
B. weighty B. genius
C. authority C. stylist
D. weakness D. philosopher
Ans: C Ans: A

383. MASTICATE 390. MERCY

A. Chew A. merit
B. Choke B. sympathy
C. Bite C. loss
D. Swallow D. pain
Ans: A Ans: B

384. MEAGRE 391. METICULOUS

A. Plenty A. correct
B. Inadequate B. clean
C. sufficient C. methodical
D. limited D. painstaking
Ans: B Ans: C

385. MEANDER 392. MIMIC

A. Blow A. tease
B. curve B. Refresh
C. bend C. greet
D. wind D. copy
Ans: B Ans: D

386. MEEK 393. MISTAKE

A. light-hearted A. precise
B. serious B. error
C. submissive C. accurate
D. benign D. mistook
Ans: C Ans: B

387. MELLOW 394. 423. MOMENTOUS

A. melodious A. important
B. dramatic B. temporary
C. genial C. fleeting
D. fruity D. monumental
Ans: C Ans: A

388. MENACE 395. MORDANT

A. request A. stupid
B. prayer B. pensive
C. threat C. senseless
D. curse D. sarcastic
Ans: C Ans: D
396. MORIBUND 403. NONPLUSSED
A. stagnant A. injurious
B. gloomy B. abusive
C. dying C. puzzled
D. superfluous D. enormous
Ans: C Ans: C

397. MOTIVE 404. NOVICE

A. reason A. expert
B. occasion B. specialist
C. intention C. generalist
D. preparation D. beginner
Ans: C Ans: D

398. MUNDANE 405. NURTURE

A. musical A. encourage
B. ordinary B. grow
C. mortal C. see
D. mandatory D. maintain
Ans: B Ans: B

399. NAP 406. OBDURATE

A. nape A. careless
B. sneeze B. contrary
C. siesta C. callous
D. snore D. stubborn
Ans: C Ans: D

400. NEFARIOUS 407. OBNOXIOUS

A. docile A. depressing
B. natural B. disgusting
C. neurotic C. arrogant
D. wicked D. filthy
Ans: D Ans: B

401. NEGOTIATION 408. OBSCENE

A. In-between A. beautiful
B. Carelessness B. unhealthy
C. Bargaining C. unwanted
D. Slackness D. indecent
Ans: C Ans: D

402. NOMADIC 409. OBSCENE

A. fighting A. indecent
B. rare B. incorrigible
C. strange C. ridiculous
D. wandering D. intolerable
Ans: D Ans: A
410. OBSEQUIOUS 417. ONUS
A. Defiant A. inclination
B. Dishonest B. responsibility
C. Servile C. prudence
D. Honest D. antipathy
Ans: C Ans: B

411. OBSESSION 418. OPULENT

A. pre-occupation A. hard-working
B. suspicion B. comfortable
C. frustration C. obscure
D. dejection D. rich
Ans: A Ans: D

412. OBSTINATE 419. OSSIFY

A. antagonistic A. make or become like a stone
B. abstruse B. make or become like a bone
C. intrinsic C. turn into plasma
D. stubborn D. turn into iron
Ans: D Ans: B

413. OBSTREPEROUS 420. OSTENTATION

A. unruly A. pomp
B. lazy B. pretence
C. awkward C. abundance
D. sullen D. plenty
Ans: A Ans: A
421. OSTRACISE
414. OCCULT A. banish
A. religious B. belittle
B. unnatural C. beguile
C. supernatural D. besiege
D. strong Ans: A
Ans: C
415. ODIOUS 422. OUTRAGEOUS
A. hateful A. loud
B. rotten B. noisy
C. infamous C. naughty
D. sick D. shocking
Ans: A Ans: D

416. OMINOUS 423. PACIFIC

A. Officious A. extensive
B. Pleasant B. peaceful
C. Convenient C. deep
D. Threatening D. white
Ans: D Ans: B
424. PACIFY 431. PAUCITY
A. calmdown A. surplus
B. satisfy B. shortage
C. rouse C. excess
D. rejoice D. meanness
Ans: A Ans: B

425. PAIL 432. PAWN

A. mug A. sponge
B. container B. scrounge
C. bucket C. hire
D. vessel D. pledge
Ans: C Ans: D

426. PALLID 433. PECULIAR

A. friendly A. special
B. pale B. strange
C. worthless C. ordinary
D. comforting D. rare
Ans: B Ans: B

427. PANACEA 434. PENCHANT

A. flatter A. liking
B. praise B. eagerness
C. inactivity C. disability
D. cure-all D. dislike
Ans: D Ans: A

428. PANDEMONIUM 435. PERIL

A. pander A. danger
B. chaos B. roughness
C. gratify C. insecurity
D. panic D. anger
Ans: B Ans: A

429. PARADOX 436. PERILOUS

A. Paradise A. hazardous
B. question B. rigorous
C. puzzle C. resilient
D. challenge D. requisite
Ans: C Ans: A

430. PARSIMONY 437. PERIODIC

A. expenditure A. infrequent
B. bankruptcy B. continuous
C. bribery C. occasional
D. miserliness D. regular
Ans: D Ans: D
438. PERISH 445. PERUSE
A. disintegrate A. read
B. die B. argue
C. destroy C. follow
D. vanish D. reduce
Ans: B Ans: A

439. PERNICIOUS 446. PESTER

A. filthy A. annoy
B. foul B. insect
C. continuous C. upset
D. injurious D. paste
Ans: D Ans: A

440. PERQUISITE 447. PETITION

A. incentive A. rotation
B. privilege B. administration
C. bonus C. appeal
D. reward D. vocation
Ans: B Ans: C

441. PERSEVERE 448. PHILANTHROPIST

A. fickle A. benefactor
B. persist B. beneficiary
C. constant C. matron
D. polite D. sponsor
Ans: B Ans: A

442. PERSIST 449. PINNACLE

A. resist A. capsule
B. leave B. heart
C. quit C. summit
D. insist D. pit
Ans: D Ans: C

443. PERSPICUOUS 450. PIOUS

A. relevant A. religious
B. precise B. sympathetic
C. brief C. afraid
D. clear D. faithful
Ans: B Ans: A

444. PERSUADE 451. PITY

A. hinder A. offence
B. coax B. mercy
C. restrain C. kindness
D. deter D. joy
Ans: B Ans: B
452. PLEASURE 459. PRAGMATIC
A. comfort A. theoretical
B. privilege B. realistic
C. support C. perfect
D. happiness D. simple
Ans: D Ans: B

453. PLEBISCITE 460. PREAMBLE

A. referendum A. mediation
B. reservation B. conclusion
C. representation C. introduction
D. renunciation D. definition
Ans: A Ans: C

454. PLUMP 461. PRECARIOUS

A. tall A. perilous
B. fat B. salubrious
C. lean C. innocuous
D. skinny D. inoffensive
Ans: B Ans: A

455. POACH 462. PREDILECTION

A. catch A. preference
B. hunt B. favour
C. preach C. whim
D. plunder D. prejudice
Ans: B Ans: A

456. PODIUM 463. PREMONITION

A. arena A. insight
B. tripod B. uncertainty
C. stand C. forewarning
D. dais D. scope
Ans: D Ans: C

457. POIGNANT 464. PREPONDERANCE

A. showy A. pre-eminence
B. sad B. dominance
C. silly C. domineering
D. snobbish D. preoccupation
Ans: B Ans: B

458. POROUS 465. PRETEND

A. adventurous A. guess
B. permeable B. suspect
C. pungent C. think
D. concrete D. feign
Ans: B Ans: D
466. PRIORITY 473. PROPHYLACTIC
A. urgency A. antagonistic
B. protocol B. toxic
C. precedence C. preventive
D. necessity D. purgative
Ans: C Ans: C

467. PRODIGAL 474. PROPINQUITY

A. exclusive A. propensity
B. productive B. prosperity
C. lavish C. nearness
D. carefree D. foresight
Ans: C Ans: C

468. PROFICIENT 475. PROPITIATE

A. adept A. conform
B. pupil B. appease
C. reliable C. influence
D. prominent D. approach
Ans: A Ans: B

469. PROFLIGATE 476. PROPOSITION

A. Talkative A. intimation
B. Intelligent B. protestation
C. Unconventional C. proposal
D. Wasteful D. invitation
Ans: D Ans: D

470. PROGNOSIS 477. PROTRUDE

A. diagnosis A. Lengthen
B. forecast B. uphold
C. preface C. bulge
D. identity D. refute
Ans: B Ans: C

471. PROLIFERATE 478. PRUDENT

A. progression A. skilled
B. prohibit B. experienced
C. stipulate C. cautious
D. reproduce D. criminal
Ans: D Ans: C

472. PROMISCUOUS 479. PURGE

A. conspicuous A. evacuate
B. virtuous B. pressurize
C. indiscriminate C. thrust
D. spontaneous D. float
Ans: C Ans: A
480. QUARRY 487. RARE
A. victim A. common
B. quake B. usual
C. denounce C. scarce
D. quest D. few
Ans: A Ans: C

481. QUASH 488. RATIONAL

A. question A. Tidy
B. pledge B. Agreeable
C. reject C. Laudable
D. slash D. Logical
Ans: C Ans: D

482. QUERULOUS 489. RAVAGE

A. critical A. destroy
B. curious B. break
C. complaining C. demolish
D. ambiguous D. abolish
Ans: C Ans: C

483. QUEST 490. RECAPITULATION

A. test A. introduction
B. trial B. capture
C. decision C. withdrawal
D. search D. recall
Ans: D Ans: D

484. QUICKEN 491. RECEPTACLE

A. accelerate A. compartment
B. delay B. hole
C. hinder C. container
D. stop D. funnel
Ans: A Ans: C

485. QUIVER 492. RECIPIENTS

A. quarrel A. creators
B. quicken B. donors
C. waver C. receivers
D. tremble D. instigators
Ans: D Ans: C

486. RAMPART 493. RECOLLECT

A. ropeway A. Return
B. staircase B. Remember
C. parapet C. Unite
D. scaffold D. Assemble
Ans: C Ans: B
494. RECTIFY 501. REPEAL
A. clarify A. acceptance
B. condone B. cancellation
C. correct C. rejection
D. regularise D. dejection
Ans: C Ans: B

495. REDEEM 502. REPEATED

A. punish A. disputed
B. save B. elaborated
C. forget C. explained
D. forgive D. reiterated
Ans: B Ans: D

496. REGARD 503. REPOSE

A. respect A. place
B. liking B. keep
C. love C. rest
D. suspicion D. replace
Ans: A Ans: C

497. REGIME 504. REPROOF

A. clique A. Warning
B. authority B. Ridicule
C. cabal C. Rebuke
D. gang D. Threat
Ans: B Ans: C

498. REGRESS 505. RESCIND

A. deteriorate A. change
B. Degenerate B. revoke
C. backslide C. repeat
D. lapse D. reconsider
Ans: C Ans: B

499. RELISH 506. RESTIVE

A. realise A. rested
B. taste B. restless
C. enjoy C. limited
D. reveal D. limitless
Ans: C Ans: B

500. REPARTEE 507. RESTRICT

A. refuse A. curtail
B. celebrate B. prohibit
C. response C. retain
D. question D. retail
Ans: C Ans: B
508. RESULT 515. REVILE
A. data A. revive
B. decision B. review
C. outcome C. abuse
D. cause D. reveal
Ans: C Ans: C

509. RESURGENCE 516. RIGHT

A. relocation A. correct
B. repletion B. marked
C. renewal C. straight
D. reluctance D. finished
Ans: C Ans: A

510. RETALIATE 517. RIVALLED

A. pardon A. hatred
B. corrupt B. revised
C. avenge C. competed
D. rejoice D. contradicted
Ans: C Ans: C

511. REVEL 518. ROUT

A. make merry A. death
B. glory B. defeat
C. reveal C. loss
D. revert D. crash
Ans: A Ans: B

512. REVENUE 519. SALACIOUS

A. income A. angry
B. return B. unhappy
C. disaster C. satisfied
D. regain D. lustful
Ans: A Ans: D

513. REVERE 520. SALIENT

A. condemn A. valiant
B. reverse B. variant
C. humiliate C. prudent
D. respect D. prominent
Ans: D Ans: D

514. REVERIE 521. SAVOUR

A. determination A. taste
B. day-dream B. protector
C. reality C. sour
D. realization D. flavour
Ans: B Ans: A
522. SCANDALIZED 529. SINUOUS
A. irritated A. serpentine
B. scared B. transparent
C. worried C. straight
D. shocked D. serene
Ans: D Ans: A

523. SCINTILLATING 530. SLITHER

A. moving A. slide
B. interesting B. move
C. burning C. shake
D. glittering D. slip
Ans: D Ans: A

524. SCORN 531. SNOOZE

A. concise A. sleep
B. despise B. snore
C. bias C. dream
D. fierce D. relax
Ans: B Ans: A

525. SELECTION 532. SOLE

A. denial A. only
B. preference B. principal
C. refusal C. important
D. display D. immediate
Ans: B Ans: A

526. SHAM 533. SOLICIT

A. real A. command
B. genuine B. request
C. authentic C. sympathize
D. fake D. agree
Ans. D Ans: B

527. SHEATH 534. SOLITARY

A. weapon A. sad
B. hide B. voluntary
C. encourage C. subtle
D. coat D. lonely
Ans: D Ans: D

528. SHINES 535. SOMBRE

A. glows A. gloomy
B. dazzles B. quiet
C. blazes C. serious
D. glitters D. sleepy
Ans: D Ans: A
536. SOOTHE 543. SPRUCE
A. agitate A. fat
B. perturb B. natty
C. fluster C. clear
D. mollify D. happy
Ans: D Ans: B

537. SORDID 544. SPUME

A. sore A. spit
B. unpleasant B. poison
C. splendid C. lava
D. dissatisfied D. foams
Ans: B Ans: D

538. SPECTRUM 545. SPURIOUS

A. star A. fictional
B. telephone B. true
C. range C. particular
D. specific D. fake
Ans: C Ans: D

539. SPECULATE 546. STERN

A. think A. young
B. guess B. stem
C. argue C. strict
D. speak D. lenient
Ans: B Ans: C

540. SPINE 547. STRINGENT

A. supple A. evident
B. vertebrae B. farfetched
C. rotund C. strict
D. grime D. compulsory
Ans: B Ans: D

541. SPIRITED 548. STROLL

A. admirable A. trat
B. adaptable B. gallop
C. advanced C. walk
D. ardent D. jog
Ans: D Ans: C

542. SPORADIC 549. STUBBORN

A. occasional A. timid
B. whirling B. arrogant
C. epidermic C. adamant
D. stagnant D. angry
Ans: A Ans: C
550. SUBJUGATE 557. SURMOUNT
A. capitulate A. discount
B. conquer B. surround
C. strike C. overcome
D. confuse D. capture
Ans: B Ans: C

551. SUCCESSIVE 558. SWAP

A. rapid A. snap
B. victorious B. exchange
C. beneficent C. break
D. consecutive D. exclude
Ans: D Ans: B

552. SUFFICIENT 559. SYCOPHANT

A. full A. Psyche
B. complete B. Flatterer
C. enough C. Critic
D. less D. Slave
Ans: C Ans: B

553. SUPERANNUATED 560. SYSTEMATICALLY

A. experienced A. scientifically
B. accepted B. technically
C. retired C. methodically
D. senile D. symmetrically
Ans: C Ans: C

554. SUPERFICIAL 561. TACITURN

A. defective A. reticent
B. superior B. gregarious
C. deep C. communicative
D. shallow D. garrulous
Ans: D Ans: A

555. SUPERSEDE 562. TAME

A. suspend A. wild
B. enforce B. savage
C. repeal C. domesticated
D. set aside D. silent
Ans: D Ans: C

556. SUPERSTITIOUS 563. TEDIOUS

A. pious A. devious
B. traditional B. dull
C. irrational C. distinctive
D. sacred D. derogatory
Ans: C Ans: B
564. TEMERITY 571. TIRADE
A. verity A. trade
B. audacity B. praise
C. simplicity C. applause
D. paucity D. rant
Ans: B Ans: D

565. TEMPEST 572. TOIL

A. drama A. test
B. temperature B. spoil
C. temptation C. work hard
D. storm D. tell
Ans: D Ans: C

566. TENET 573. TORPID

A. belief A. insipid
B. provision B. stupid
C. perspective C. sensitive
D. view D. inactive
Ans: A Ans: D

567. TEPID 574. TOXIC

A. hot A. bitter
B. warm B. foul-smelling
C. cold C. remedia
D. boiling D. poisonous
Ans: B Ans: D

568. THRIFTY 575. TRAMP

A. Greedy A. wanderer
B. Extravagant B. cheat
C. Economical C. traveller
D. Compassionate D. pilgrim
Ans: C Ans: A

569. THRIVE 576. TRANQUIL

A. destroy A. tremendous
B. flourish B. dynamic
C. raise C. treacherous
D. create D. peaceful
Ans: B Ans: D

570. TINSEL 577. TRANSIENT

A. tinkle A. fleeting
B. decoration B. transparent
C. tin C. feeble
D. colourful D. fanciful
Ans: B Ans: A
578. TRANSIENT 585. TRIMMING
A. temporary A. skimming
B. durable B. arranging
C. timely C. planning
D. transparent D. cutting
Ans: A Ans: D

579. TRANSITION 586. TRITE

A. position A. commonplace
B. translation B. clever
C. change C. brief
D. movement D. impudent
Ans: C Ans: A

580. TRANSMISSION 587. VACILLATE

A. administer A. waver
B. conveyance B. never
C. connect C. quiver
D. disconnect D. queer
Ans: B Ans: A

581. TRANSPARENT 588. VALIANT

A. verbose A. courageous
B. involved B. quarrelsome
C. witty C. cheerful
D. lucid D. repulsive
Ans: D Ans: A

582. TRAUMA 589. VANISH

A. accident A. disappear
B. art form B. decrease
C. type of medicine C. encircle
D. emotional shock D. reveal
Ans: D Ans: A

583. TREMENDOUS 590. VENAL

A. awesome A. corrupt
B. remarkable B. comprehensible
C. considerable C. legible
D. excessive D. forgivable
Ans: B Ans: A

584. TRIBULATION 591. VENERATE

A. palpitation A. despise
B. suffering B. disobey
C. weakness C. disregard
D. stimulation D. revere
Ans: B Ans: D
592. VENIAL 599. VIVACIOUS
A. corrupt A. lonely
B. superficial B. lively
C. respected C. beautiful
D. pardonable D. brooding
Ans: D Ans: B

593. VERACITY 600. VOCATION

A. freedom A. examination
B. truth B. seminar
C. wisdom C. occupation
D. loyalty D. holiday
Ans: B Ans: C

594. VERISIMILITUDE 601. VORACIOUS

A. grotesque A. hungry
B. fantastic B. hasty
C. festive C. thirsty
D. authenticity D. greedy
Ans: D Ans: D

595. VIABLE 602. WANDER

A. useless A. ride
B. bright B. desire
C. capable C. roam
D. workable D. treat
Ans: D Ans: C

596. VINDICTIVE 603. WHOLESOME

A. imaginative A. complete
B. accusative B. ripe
C. spiteful C. sound
D. aggressive D. desirable
Ans: C Ans: C

597. VIRULENT 604. WILY

A. defunct A. wise
B. deadly B. stupid
C. daring C. cunning
D. deceptive D. angry
Ans: B Ans: C

598. VISCERAL 605. YARDSTICK

A. cloudy A. summation
B. bodily B. size
C. heavenly C. statistics
D. intelligent D. standard
Ans: B Ans: D
606. YEARN D. to yawn
A. to earn Ans: B
B. to crave
C. to regret
 ANTONYMS
Directions: Find the best opposite of the given word.

1. ABANDON 7. ABUSIVE 13. ACCUMULATE

A. regain A. laudatory A. disperse
B. retain B. profuse B. dismiss
C. remain C. effusive C. below
D. revive D. Noble D. aware
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: A

2. ABERRATION 8. ACCELERATE 14. ACCUSATION

A. regularity A. delay A. encouragement
B. commonality B. quicken B. complaint
C. particularity C. diminish C. felicitation
D. normality D. descent D. exculpation
Ans: D Ans: A Ans: D

3. ABJURE 9. ACCENTUATE 15. ACQUIT

A. renounce A. disparage A. despair
B. relinquish B. enunciate B. mild
C. abnegate C. aggrandize C. smart
D. acquire D. exacerbate D. condemn
Ans: D Ans: A Ans: D

4. ABRUPT 10. ACCOLADE 16. ADAMANT

A. obscure A. blame A. satisfied
B. gradual B. reticent B. comfortable
C. concrete C. decorate C. yielding
D. rapid D. permeate D. luxurious
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: C

5. ABSTAIN 11. ACCOMPLISH 17. ADEPT

A. dismiss A. fail A. ignorance
B. indulge B. improper B. inept
C. disgrace C. disagreeable C. lacuna
D. repel D. scatter D. inexperience
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: B

6. ABUNDANT 12. ACCORD 18. ADMIRATION

A. short A. disagreement A. blame
B. limited B. welcome B. contempt
C. petty C. disrespect C. disapprove
D. meager D. conformity D. despisens
Ans: D Ans: A Ans: B
19. ADMONISH 26. AGGRAVATE 33. ALIGHT
A. condemn A. depreciate A. disembark
B. bless B. extinguish B. embark
C. praise C. subsidies C. embalm
D. congratulate D. alleviate D. align
Ans: C Ans: D Ans: B

20. ADULTERATION 27. AGGRESSIVE 34. ALTERCATION

A. purification A. dull A. explanation
B. normalization B. peaceful B. challenge
C. rejuvenation C. doleful C. compromise
D. consternation D. inactive D. opposition
Ans: A Ans: B Ans: C
21. ADVANCED 28. AGITATE 35. ALTRUISTIC
A. progressed A. please A. selfish
B. outpaced B. disturb B. cruel
C. receded C. pacify C. unkind
D. retarded D. rouse D. evil
Ans: D Ans: C Ans: A
22. ADVERSITY 29. AGONY
36. ALWAYS
A. prosperity A. conflict
A. never
B. curiosity B. sorrow
B. sometimes
C. animosity C. misery
C. anytime
D. sincerity D. ecstasy
D. seldom
Ans: A Ans: D
Ans: A
23. AFFABLE 30. AGREEMENT
A. pleasant A. dislocation 37. AMATEUR
B. surly B. discord A. novice
C. weak C. turbulence B. professional
D. unknown D. fragmentation C. lover
Ans: B Ans: B D. apprentices
Ans: B
24. AFFIRM 31. ALACRITY
A. refuse A. liveliness 38. AMBIGUOUS
B. negate B. indifference A. concealed
C. neglect C. promptness B. precise
D. avoid D. doubt C. complete
Ans: A Ans: B D. magnified
Ans: B
25. AFFLUENCE 32. ALIEN
A. misery A. native 39. AMELIORATE
B. stagnation B. domiciled A. improve
C. neglect C. natural B. depend
D. poverty D. resident C. soften
Ans: D Ans: A D. worsen
Ans: D
40. AMORPHOUS 47. APPARENT 54. ARID
A. amoral A. illegible A. cloudy
B. definite B. hidden B. juicy
C. perfect C. mysterious C. marshy
D. irregular D. remote D. wet
Ans: B Ans: B Ans: D

41. AMPLE 48. APPARITION 55. ARROGANT

A. equable A. realness A. favourable
B. plentiful B. perceptible B. illiterate
C. meagre C. illusion C. kind
D. foul D. undetectable D. humble
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: D

42. ANIMOSITY 49. APPLAUD 56. ASCEND

A. love A. praise A. rise
B. lust B. loud B. descend
C. luck C. censure C. soar
D. loss D. acclaim D. climb
Ans: A Ans: C Ans: B

43. ANTIQUE 50. APPOINT 57. ASSENT

A. common A. dismiss A. confusion
B. recent B. reward B. dissent
C. innovative C. yield C. self-interest
D. youthful D. Disunite D. separation
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: B

44. ANXIOUS 51. APPRECIATION 58. 7.ATHEIST

A. fearful A. appraisal A. rationalist
B. worried B. antipathy B. theologist
C. calm C. admiration C. believer
D. concerned D. Assessment D. ritualist
Ans: C Ans: B Ans: C

45. APALLING 52. APPROACHED 59. AUDACIOUS

A. shocking A. retreated A. meek
B. consoling B. reached B. cowardly
C. scaring C. arrived C. mild
D. horrifying D. reproached D. Gentle
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: B

46. APOCRYPHAL 53. APPROPRIATE 60. AUTHENTIC

A. authentic A. dissimilar A. genuine
B. dubious B. incomparable B. false
C. unsubstantiated C. unsuitable C. factual
D. fictitious D. disparate D. real
Ans: A Ans: C Ans: B
61. AUTONOMOUS 68. BETRAYAL 75. BRAVERY
A. self-government A. deception A. savagery
B. dependent B. treason B. cowardice
C. defensive C. loyalty C. cowardly
D. Neutral D. distrust D. heroism
Ans: C Ans: C Ans: B

62. BANE 69. BIZARRE 76. BRAZEN

A. curse A. droll A. modest
B. boon B. ridiculous B. melodramatic
C. base C. ordinary C. shameless
D. violent D. comical D. trashy
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: C

63. BARBAROUS 70. BLEAK 77. BREADTH

A. ancient A. dull A. shortness
B. civilized B. dark B. narrowness
C. gentle C. bright C. lightness
D. savage D. exposure D. Thickness
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: B

64. BARBAROUS 71. BLESSING 78. BRITTLE

A. improved A. dull A. weak
B. cordial B. curse B. strong
C. civilized C. hurt C. fragile
D. modified D. harsh D. bright
Ans: C Ans: B Ans: B

65. BARREN 72. BLOCK 79. BRUTAL

A. fertile A. clean A. humane
B. abundant B. ease B. fearless
C. harsh C. cure C. criminal
D. fallow D. clear D. Adamant
Ans: A Ans: D Ans: A

66. BEAUTIFUL 73. BOISTEROUS 80. CACOPHONY

A. bountiful A. serenity A. noise
B. unique B. calm B. discord
C. bizarre C. cheerful C. disharmony
D. ugly D. courageous D. harmony
Ans: D Ans: B Ans: D

67. BENEVOLENT 74. BOLD 81. CALCULATIVE

A. malignant A. timid A. naive
B. malevolent B. nervous B. gentle
C. equivalent C. coy C. docile
D. prevalent D. Fearful D. careful
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: A
82. CALLOUS 89. CEASE 96. COHERENT
A. careless A. abandon A. disorganized
B. concerned B. initiate B. inept
C. caress C. confront C. carefree
D. carefree D. confiscate D. distorted
Ans: B Ans: B Ans: A

83. CAMOUFLAGE 90. CESSATION 97. COMEDY

A. hide A. commencement A. tragedy
B. reveal B. renewal B. trilogy
C. disguise C. ongoing C. limerick
D. pretended D. interruption D. clergy
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: A

84. CANDID 91. CHAOTIC 98. COMMENCE

A. cunning A. haphazard A. start
B. diplomatic B. organised B. schedule
C. doubtful C. charming C. conclude
D. impertinent D. Charismatic D. dissolve
Ans: A Ans: B Ans: C

85. CAPRICIOUS 92. CHARMING 99. COMPASSIONATE

A. fanciful A. insolent A. unlawful
B. reasonable B. indignant B. heartless
C. intolerant C. repulsive C. untrustworthy
D. indifferent D. handicapped D. indecisive
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: B

86. CAPTIVATE 93. CHIVALROUS 100. COMPLY

A. distract A. gallant A. challenge
B. obscure B. dastardly B. complain
C. imprison C. amorous C. conform
D. release D. Defiant D. Compete
Ans: A Ans: D Ans: A

87. CARNAL 94. CLEAR 101. COMPULSORY

A. civilized A. implicit A. easy
B. spiritual B. effulgent B. optional
C. brave C. nebulous/opaque C. unnecessary
D. friendly D. Lucid D. mandatory
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: B

88. CAUTIOUS 95. COAX 102. COMRADE

A. Daring A. dull A. friend
B. Inviting B. dissuade B. associate
C. Careful C. active C. follower
D. Exude D. speed D. enemy
Ans: A Ans: B Ans: D
103. CONCILIATION 110. CONJECTURE 117. CONTROVERSIAL
A. dispute A. critic A. indisputable
B. irritation B. gathering B. restrained
C. separation C. strife C. controlled
D. confrontation D. guess D. appeasing
Ans: D Ans: D Ans: A

104. CONCISE 111. CONSENSUS 118. CONVICTED

A. extended A. accept A. acquitted
B. lengthy B. opinion B. pardoned
C. protracted C. disagreement C. exempted
D. elongated D. permission D. liberated
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: A

105. CONCUR 112. CONSENT 119. CORDIAL

A. agree A. resent A. fast
B. weak B. dissent B. heartfelt
C. praise C. differ C. friendly
D. disagree D. recent D. Hostile
Ans: D Ans: B Ans: D

106. CONFIDENT 113. CONTEMPLATIVE 120. CORRUPT

A. worried A. Wistful A. honest
B. diffident B. Unreflective B. unclean
C. depressed C. Numbed C. heartless
D. independent D. Aroused D. hateful
Ans: B Ans: B Ans: A

107. CONFORM 114. CONTENTED 121. COURAGE

A. differ A. dissatisfied A. Bravery
B. reject B. emptied B. Weakness
C. question C. happy C. Cowardice
D. ignore D. unfriendly D. Fear
Ans: A Ans: A Ans: C

108. CONFORMITY 115. CONTENTIOUS 122. CREDIT

A. deviation A. precious A. discredit
B. dilution B. controversial B. debit
C. distraction C. benevolent C. honesty
D. diversion D. extravagant D. failure
Ans: A Ans: B Ans: B

109. CONGENIAL 116. CONTRADICTION 123. CRITICISE

A. accord A. opposition A. finish
B. snug B. adjustment B. recommend
C. engaging C. confirmation C. commend
D. Unpleasant D. agreement D. request
Ans: D Ans: D Ans: C
124. CROOKED 130. CURTAIL 137. DEMAND
A. twisted A. lengthen A. request
B. devious B. shorten B. supply
C. bended C. entail C. petition
D. straight D. close D. claim
Ans: D Ans: A Ans: B

7.CRUE 131. DEBACLE 138. DEMOLISH

E. rich A. success A. diminish
F. wicked B. response B. establish
G. poor C. acceptance C. debunk
H. kind D. agreement D. deter
Ans: D Ans: A Ans: B

125. CULMINATION 132. DEBAUCHED 139. DEMURE.

A. completion A. dissipated A. humble
B. climax B. depraved B. bold
C. conclusion C. honourable C. coy
D. beginning D. unrestrained D. sober
Ans: D Ans: C Ans: B

126. CULPABLE 133. DECEIT 140. DENOUNCE

A. defendable A. honesty A. signify
B. blameless B. natural B. confirm
C. careless C. sincere C. grant
D. irresponsible D. plainness D. praise
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: D

127. CUMBERSOME 134. DEEP 141. DENSE

A. heavy A. shallow A. scarce
B. convenient B. hollow B. slim
C. smooth C. steep C. sparse
D. automatic D. low D. lean
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: C

128. CURB 135. DEFILE 142. DEPTH

A. help A. yield A. deep
B. allow B. repair B. shallow
C. restrain C. purify C. hollow
D. Remove D. describe D. filled
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: B

129. CURSORY 136. DELUSION 143. DESCENT

A. final A. reality A. discern
B. thorough B. acceptance B. dissent
C. impulsive C. precision C. assent
D. customary D. fiction D. ascent
Ans: B Ans: A Ans. D
144. DESECRATION 151. DEVIOUS 158. DISCONSOLATE
A. consecration A. straight A. prominent
B. discouragement B. obvious B. joyous
C. despondency C. simple C. thankful
D. Expectation D. superficial D. unprejudiced
Ans: A Ans: A Ans: B

145. DESIST 152. DEVOUT 159. DISCORD

A. assign A. pious A. harmony
B. continue B. pure B. serenity
C. hope C. treacherous C. acceptance
D. Request D. ardent D. placidity
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: A

146. DESPAIR 153. DIFFIDENCE 160. DISCRIMINATION

A. belief A. self-assurance A. bias
B. trust B. expAnsiveness B. equality
C. hope C. shyness C. motivation
D. faith D. sharpness D. replenishment
Ans: C Ans: A Ans: B

147. DESPAIR 154. DILATE 161. DISHEVELLED

A. sneer A. frustrate A. composed
B. compliment B. contract B. tidy
C. irony C. expand C. confident
D. Hope D. rotate D. Jovia
Ans: D Ans: B Ans: B

148. DESTRUCTIVE 155. DILIGENT 162. DISORDERLY

A. structural A. incompetent A. chaotic
B. constructive B. Lazy B. organized
C. wind speed C. extravagant C. adjusted
D. static D. frugal D. Arranged
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: D

149. DETEST 156. DIMINISH 163. DISSENT

A. denounce A. increase A. discord
B. ignore B. improve B. disagreement
C. adore C. introduce C. unacceptable
D. castigate D. Decrease D. agreement
Ans: C Ans: A Ans: D

150. DEVIATE 157. DISAVOWAL 164. DISTANT

A. attract A. Rebuttal A. far
B. continue B. Repeal B. close
C. concentrate C. Approval C. imminent
D. attend D. Appeal D. along
Ans: C Ans: C Ans: B
165. DISTRAUGHT 172. ECCENTRIC 179. ELOQUENT
A. clever A. normal A. elegant
B. serene B. carefree B. lucid
C. distressed C. unusual C. articulate
D. Foolish D. peculiar D. inarticulate
Ans: B Ans: A ANS: D

166. DIVULGE 173. EFFEMINACY 180. EMACIATED

A. conceal A. aggressiveness A. healthy
B. disguise B. attractiveness B. luxurious
C. oppress C. manliness C. intelligent
D. reveal D. boorishness D. sympathetic
Ans: A Ans: C Ans: A

167. DOLEFUL 174. EFFICACIOUS 181. EMERGE

A. mournful A. productive A. disappear
B. cheerful B. ineffective B. fall
C. deceitful C. improper C. mark
D. Beautiful D. urgent D. fade
Ans: B Ans: B Ans: A

168. DORMANT 175. EGOIST 182. EMINENT

A. acute A. spiritless A. renowned
B. active B. selfless B. ordinary
C. able C. senseless C. special
D. ablaze D. Soulless D. ignorant
Ans: B Ans: B Ans: B

169. DUBIOUS 176. ELEGANCE 183. ENCOUNTERED

A. shady A. pride A. avoided
B. delirious B. beauty B. enriched
C. laconic C. coarseness C. faced
D. certain D. vulgarity D. Overcome
Ans: D Ans: D Ans: A

170. DWINDLE 177. ELEMENTARY 184. ENCOURAGED

A. diminish A. involved A. opposed
B. shrink B. complex B. mugged
C. increase C. compound C. supported
D. decrease D. hard D. dispirited
Ans: C Ans: B Ans: A

171. DYNAMIC 178. ELEVATION 185. ENDANGERED

A. stable A. reduction A. protected
B. still B. humiliation B. livening up
C. lazy C. depression C. abundant
D. static D. debasement D. blissful
Ans: D Ans: C Ans: A
186. ENDURING 193. EQUILIBRIUM 200. EVIDENT
A. abiding A. composure A. definite
B. unwavering B. imbalance B. careless
C. trAnsient C. stability C. clear
D. trAnsitory D. inequality D. obscure
Ans: C Ans: B Ans: D

187. ENIGMATIC 194. ERADICATE 201. EXAGGERATE

A. simple A. preserve A. extravagant
B. reticent B. alleviate B. understate
C. plain C. removal C. abundance
D. nervous D. obstinacy D. excerpt
Ans: C Ans: A Ans: B

188. ENLARGE 195. ERUDITE 202. EXASPERATING

A. condense A. illiterate A. soothing
B. glorify B. crude B. successful
C. amplify C. boring C. annoying
D. augment D. ignorant D. distressing
Ans: A Ans: D Ans: A

189. ENLIGHTEN 196. ETERNAL 203. EXCEPTIONAL

A. slander A. usual A. great
B. bemoan B. active B. occasional
C. darken C. realistic C. common
D. befog D. temporary D. absorbing
Ans: D Ans: D Ans: C

190. ENMITY 197. EVADE 204. EXEMPTIONS

A. rivalry A. Invade A. generalization
B. amicability B. Escape B. liberalisation
C. animosity C. Shun C. exclusions
D. proximity D. Confront D. inclusions
Ans: B Ans: D Ans: D

191. EPHEMERAL 198. EVANESCENT 205. EXHAUSTIVE

A. eternal A. imminent A. interesting
B. trAnsitory B. permanent B. short
C. mortal C. pervasive C. incomplete
D. temporal D. immanent D. complete
Ans: A Ans: B Ans: C

192. EPITOME 199. EVASIVE 206. EXODUS

A. quintessence A. indefinite A. influx
B. paragon B. explicit B. home-coming
C. enlargement C. unclear C. return
D. incarnation D. categorical D. restoration
Ans: C Ans: D Ans: A
207. EXONERATE 214. FAKE 221. FEASIBLE
A. admit A. wrong A. useful
B. release B. fanciful B. impractical
C. convict C. real C. uneven
D. reject D. ideal D. important
Ans: C Ans: C Ans: B

208. EXPAND 215. FALLIBLE 222. FELICITY

A. contract A. unerring A. innocence
B. contrast B. reliable B. sorrow
C. consist C. falsehood C. mimicry
D. controvert D. trustful D. infidelity
Ans: A Ans: A Ans: B

209. EXPLICIT 216. FAMOUS 223. FEROCIOU

A. elusive A. obscure A. Mild
B. allusive B. eminent B. Sweet
C. ambidextrous C. lenient C. Brutal
D. ambiguous D. fabulous D. Wild
Ans: D Ans: A Ans: A

210. EXTINCT 217. FAR-FETCHED 224. FERVENT

A. recent A. wise A. inexcitable
B. distinct B. prudent B. enduring
C. alive C. familiar C. dispassionate
D. ancient D. realistic D. subdued
Ans: C Ans: D Ans: C

211. EXTRANEOUS 218. FASTIDIOUS 225. FETTER

A. Unusual A. fussy A. restore
B. Dispirited B. cooperative B. liberate
C. Relevant C. promising C. exonerate
D. Intrusive D. adjustable D. distract
Ans: C Ans: D Ans: B

212. FACILITATE 219. FAT 226. FICKLE

A. help A. clean A. debilitating
B. propagate B. mean B. firm
C. hinder C. weak C. repulsive
D. reject D. lean D. yielding
Ans: C Ans: D Ans: B

213. FAIR 220. FATIGUED 227. FICTITIOUS

A. untrue A. weakened A. real
B. unjust B. energised B. ambitious
C. coarse C. tired C. unbelievable
D. harsh D. activated D. imaginary
Ans: B Ans: B Ans: A
228. FIENDISH 235. FLUENT 242. FRAILTY
A. diabolical A. inappropriate A. energy
B. devilish B. halting B. intensity
C. angelic C. degrading C. vehemence
D. friendly D. insensitive D. strength
Ans: D Ans: B Ans: D

229. FLAWLESS 236. FOCUS 243. FRUGALITY

A. deficient A. disappear A. gaiety
B. defective B. disperse B. prodigality
C. seconds C. link C. enmity
D. sick D. layer D. captivity
Ans: A Ans: B Ans: B

230. FLEXIBLE 237. FOMENT 244. FRUITLESS

A. blunt A. repulse A. successful
B. rigid B. cease B. wasted
C. gentle C. control C. useless
D. Rough D. quell D. insufficient
Ans: B Ans: D Ans: A

231. FLIPPANT 238. FORLORN 245. FUTILE

A. arnest A. Joyful A. Distinct
B. Warm B. Lucky B. Open
C. Urgent C. Fortunate C. Pleased
D. Busy D. Free D. Fruitful
Ans: A Ans: A Ans: D

232. FLOOD 239. FORMAL 246. GARRULOUS

A. drought A. pitiable A. talkative
B. dry B. informal B. frank
C. cyclone C. heedful C. enlightening
D. desert D. plain D. taciturn
Ans: A Ans: B Ans: D

233. FLORID 240. FORTIFY 247. GENEROUS

A. weak A. undermine A. stoic
B. pale B. intensify B. stingy
C. monotonous C. strengthen C. poor
D. ugly D. support D. specific
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: B

234. FLOURISH 241. FRAGILE 248. GENIAL

A. perish A. weak A. stupid
B. degenerate B. brittle B. intelligent
C. decay C. strong C. hostile
D. dismiss D. discard D. affable
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: C
249. GENTEEL 256. GRATING 263. GUMPTION
A. uncivilized A. musical A. ingenuity
B. stuffy B. unmusical B. stupidity
C. urbane C. hoarse C. sagacity
D. prim D. Strident D. acumen
Ans: A Ans: A Ans: B

250. GENTLEMAN 257. GREGARIOUS 264. HANDY

A. clown A. unsociable A. cumbersome
B. boor B. unsympathetic B. handful
C. dud C. ungrateful C. unwieldy
D. buffoon D. unattractive D. heavy
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: D

251. GENUINE 258. GRIEVE 265. HARASS

A. general A. agony A. reward
B. genie B. moan B. praise
C. real C. rejoice C. flatter
D. fake D. sadness D. relieve
Ans: D Ans: C Ans: D

252. GIGANTIC 259. GROTESQUE 266. HARMONIOUS

A. weak A. natural A. sonorous
B. fragile B. odd B. discordant
C. slight C. whimsical C. concordant
D. tiny D. sinful D. balanced
Ans: D Ans: A Ans: B

253. GLOOMY 260. GROUP 267. HARSH

A. radiant A. singular A. strict
B. fragrant B. individual B. gentle
C. melodious C. alone C. jovial
D. illusory D. solitary D. somber
Ans: A Ans: B Ans: B

254. GLOSSY 261. GRUESOME 268. HEIGHTEN

A. dull A. attractive A. widen
B. shining B. beneficial B. decrease
C. weary C. gracious C. strengthen
D. tired D. amicable D. dissolve
Ans: A Ans: C Ans: B

255. GRADUAL 262. GUILTY 269. HEREDITARY

A. unscrupulous A. dubious A. carried
B. dynamic B. honest B. acquired
C. rapid C. innocent C. possessed
D. enthusiastic D. sorry D. regained
Ans: C Ans: C Ans: B
270. HONEST 277. ILLICIT 284. IMPERTINENT
A. infect A. approved A. arrogance
B. cleAnse B. noble B. appropriate
C. corrupt C. legal C. respectful
D. pollute D. correct D. modest
Ans: C Ans: C Ans: C

271. HOSTILE 278. IMMACULATE 285. IMPETUOUS

A. host A. flawless A. agitated
B. proud B. filthy B. impulsive
C. systematic C. weak C. cautious
D. sympathetic D. strong D. reckless
Ans: D Ans: B Ans: C

272. HUMANE 279. IMMENSE 286. IMPOVERISHED

A. unkind A. Huge A. pure
B. living being B. Innocuous B. affluent
C. person C. Tiny C. important
D. man D. Gigantic D. efficient
Ans: A Ans: C Ans: B

273. HUMBLE 280. IMMORTAL 287. IMPROMPTU

A. rich A. eternal A. prompt
B. powerful B. permanent B. forced
C. naughty C. deathly C. premeditated
D. strong D. temporary D. inordinate
Ans: C Ans: D Ans: C

274. HUMILITY 281. IMMUNE 288. IN TOTO

A. dignity A. free A. bluntly
B. cruelty B. vulnerable B. partially
C. anger C. powerful C. entirely
D. pride D. weak D. strongly
Ans: D Ans: B Ans: B

275. IDIOSYNCRASY 282. IMPECCABLE 289. INADVERTENTLY

A. insanity A. perfect A. secretly
B. sanity B. rude B. accidentally
C. generality C. inexact C. completely
D. singularity D. Predict D. deliberately
Ans: C Ans: C Ans: D

276. IGNITE 283. IMPEDE 290. INCESSANT

A. light A. obstruct A. continuous
B. rekindle B. advance B. intermittent
C. extinguish C. linger C. unceasing
D. genuine D. guarantee D. constant
Ans: C Ans: B Ans: B
291. INCLEMENT 298. INDOLENT 305. INHALE
A. radical A. diligent A. insert
B. mild B. malevolent B. extricate
C. harsh C. brilliant C. hate
D. tyrannical D. solvent D. exhale
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: D

292. INCLUDE 299. INDOMITABLE 306. INITIATED

A. embrace A. adamant A. complicated
B. embody B. certain B. simplified
C. eliminate C. arrogant C. concluded
D. enclose D. cowardly D. commenced
Ans: C Ans: D Ans: C

293. INCONGRUOUS 300. INERTIA 307. INNOCUOUS

A. conflicting A. stupor A. pernicious
B. contradictory B. vigour B. fine
C. ill-matched C. languor C. strong
D. harmonious D. inertness D. hygienic
Ans: D Ans: B Ans: A

294. INCREDIBLE 301. INEVITABLE 308. INOFFENSIVE

A. believable A. avoidable A. sensitive
B. possible B. unnecessary B. organic
C. imaginable C. inseparable C. sensible
D. enjoyable D. uncertain D. rude
Ans: A Ans: A Ans: D

295. INDELIBLE 302. INFIRM 309. INQUISITIVE

A. decorous A. Strong A. inadequate
B. surprising B. Weak B. immature
C. concerted C. Supporter C. uncomfortable
D. temporary D. Believer D. unconcerned
Ans: D Ans: A Ans: D

296. INDICT 303. INFIRMITY 310. INSERT

A. accuse A. employment A. depict
B. exonerate B. indisposition B. extract
C. incriminate C. strength C. defame
D. impeach D. weakness D. enhance
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: B

297. INDIFFERENT 304. INGENIOUS 311. INSIPID

A. restless A. Brilliant A. bland
B. inattentive B. Pedestrian B. flavourless
C. attentive C. Crafty C. flat
D. reliable D. Original D. tasty
Ans: C Ans: B Ans: D
312. INSOLENT 319. INTERIM 326. JETTISON
A. arrogant A. Provisional A. accept
B. humble B. Tentative B. reward
C. ashamed C. Permanent C. preserve
D. ignorant D. Interval D. consent
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: A

313. INSTINCTIVE 320. INVALUABLE 327. JINX

A. innate A. Priceless A. taunt
B. rational B. Rare B. juncture
C. inherent C. Inestimable C. tour
D. inborn D. Worthless. D. spell
Ans: B Ans: D Ans: D

314. INSULAR 321. INVINCIBLE 328. KEEN

A. Cosmopolitan A. Impregnable A. blunt
B. Isolated B. Omnipresent B. foolish
C. Narrow C. Powerless C. insipid
D. Parochial D. Potent D. plain
Ans : A Ans: C Ans: A

315. INTANGIBLE 322. IRASCIBLE 329. KNACK

A. ethereal A. Cranky A. disgusting
B. concrete B. Choleric B. skill
C. insubstantial C. Amiable C. enmity
D. abstract D. Waspish D. inability
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: D

316. INTEGRATION 323. ISOLATION 330. LACKADAISICAL

A. unity A. segregation A. enthusiastic
B. synthesis B. association B. intelligent
C. linking C. seclusion C. classical
D. fragmentation D. deportation D. irresponsible
Ans: D Ans: B Ans: A

317. INTELLIGIBLE 324. JADE 331. LAMENT

A. dull A. defend A. rejoice
B. foolish B. grasp B. rejuvenate
C. garbled C. cheer C. complain
D. confused D. harass D. cry
Ans: D Ans: C Ans: A

318. INTENTIONAL 325. JEST 332. LASSITUDE

A. accidental A. gravity A. pleasure
B. undecided B. grim B. lustrous
C. concentrated C. genial C. lethargy
D. broken D. sport D. enthusiasm
Ans: A Ans: A Ans: D
333. LATENT 340. LIBERTY 347. MAMMOTH
A. Primitive A. freedom A. quiet
B. evident B. liberation B. significant
C. potent C. bondage C. huge
D. talented D. crowded D. small
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: C

334. LEAD 341. LOOSEN 348. MAVERICK

A. conduct A. fasten A. dependable
B. guide B. accelerate B. conventional
C. follow C. delay C. redundant
D. direct D. paste D. old
Ans: C Ans: A Ans: B

335. LENIENT 342. LOQUACIOUS 349. MEAGRE

A. Strict A. talkative A. numerous
B. Solid B. taciturn B. large
C. Forgiving C. diffident C. plentiful
D. Stoic D. bashful D. enormous
Ans: A Ans: B Ans: C

336. LETHAL 343. LUNACY 350. MEANDER

A. Secure A. sanity A. determine
B. Harmless B. stupidity B. ramble
C. Just C. sensibility C. deputize
D. Good D. insanity D. deduce
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: A

337. LEVITY 344. MAKE 351. MELODIOUS

A. gravity A. liberate A. harmonious
B. jocularity B. break B. tuneless
C. bounce C. emancipate C. odious
D. frivolity D. bind D. mellifluous
Ans: A Ans: B Ans: B

338. LIBERAL 345. MALICE 352. METICULOUS

A. irrelevant A. ecstasy A. forgetful
B. free B. happiness B. destructive
C. sensitive C. honour C. careless
D. intolerant D. goodwill D. flagrant
Ans: D Ans: D Ans: C

339. LIBERATION 346. MALLEABLE 353. MIGRATE

A. movement A. teachable A. return
B. bondage B. intractable B. rehabilitate
C. service C. manageable C. trAnsfer
D. unrest D. pliable D. settle
Ans: B Ans: B Ans: A
354. MINIATURE 361. MUNDANE 368. NEGLIGENT
A. large A. inferior A. inattentive
B. small B. cheap B. imprudent
C. heavy C. extraordinary C. insignificant
D. least D. Good D. careful
Ans: A Ans: C Ans: D

355. Minuscule 362. MUTILATE 369. NERVOUS

A. minute A. instruct A. flawless
B. menial B. induct B. immature
C. massive C. conduct C. smooth
D. impressive D. mend D. composed
Ans: C Ans: D Ans: D

356. MISANTHROPIST 363. MYOPIC 370. NIGGARDLY

A. pedant A. short-sighted A. hastily
B. pragmatist B. feeble-minded B. lavishly
C. zealot C. fore-sighted C. likely
D. philanthropist D. far-sighted D. gorgeously
Ans: C Ans: D Ans: B

357. MISERABLE 364. MYTH 371. NOISILY

A. solitary A. truth A. loudly
B. happy B. fact B. quietly
C. active C. falsehood C. clearly
D. laudable D. story D. distinctly
Ans: B Ans: B Ans: B

358. MITIGATE 365. NADIR 372. NONCONFORMIST

A. appease A. modernity A. conventional
B. enhance B. zenith B. practical
C. allay C. liberty C. fashionable
D. relieve D. progress D. nomad
Ans: B Ans: B Ans: A

359. MONOTONOUS 366. NASTY 373. NOTORIOUS

A. disastrous A. ugly A. infamous
B. terrifying B. pleasant B. honourable
C. terrible C. unpleasant C. prominent
D. interesting D. beautiful D. reputed
Ans: D Ans: B Ans: D

360. MOURNFUL 367. NEAT 374. NOURISH

A. playful A. sloppy A. starve
B. joyous B. fragrant B. foster
C. laughable C. spruce C. sustain
D. humorous D. orderly D. strengthen
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: A
375. NOVEL 382. OPULENCE 389. OVERT
A. naughty A. luxury A. inexplicable
B. novelist B. trAnsparency B. ambiguous
C. banal C. wealth C. concealed
D. nasty D. poverty D. manifest
Ans: C Ans: D Ans: C

376. OBSCENE 383. OPULENT 390. PACIFY

A. disobedient A. poor A. threaten
B. decent B. sumptuous B. challenge
C. dislocate C. drooping C. quarrel
D. cautious D. wealthy D. enrage
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: D

377. OBSCURE 384. ORAL 391. PANICKY

A. distinct A. written A. confident
B. vague B. correct B. sober
C. enigma C. mental C. quiet
D. distinguish D. verbal D. calm
Ans: A Ans: A Ans: A

378. OBSEQUIOUS 385. ORDERLY 392. PAROCHIAL

A. careful A. unclear A. narrow
B. domineering B. valueless B. international
C. opaque C. chaotic C. global
D. clever D. incomplete D. world wide
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: C

379. OBSTINATE 386. ORTHODOX 393. PARSIMONIOUS

A. confused A. revolutionary A. prodigious
B. determined B. heretical B. selfless
C. trusted C. anarchist C. extravagant
D. flexible D. generous D. ostentatious
Ans: D Ans: B Ans: C

380. OBSTRUCT 387. OSTRACISE 394. PARTICULARLY

A. clear A. amuse A. elaborately
B. block B. welcome B. generally
C. instruct C. entertain C. comprehensively
D. prevent D. host D. entirely
Ans: A Ans: B Ans: B

381. OMIT 388. OUTRAGEOUS 395. PAUCITY

A. exclude A. justifiable A. paragon
B. include B. lusty B. pronounce
C. undertake C. jolly C. plethora
D. add D. wicked D. Persuade
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: C
396. PENURIOUS 403. PERSUADE 410. POMPOUS
A. destitute A. promote A. Unhappy
B. impoverished B. pervade B. humble
C. impecunious C. dissolve C. meek
D. opulent D. dissuade D. grandiose
Ans: D Ans: D Ans: B

397. PERDILECTION 404. PESSIMIST 411. POTENT

A. predicament A. theist A. inefficient
B. afterthought B. optimist B. soft
C. aversion C. vocalist C. fragile
D. postponement D. believer D. weak
Ans: C Ans: B Ans: D

398. PERILLOUS 405. PHILANTHROPIC 412. PRAISE

A. carefree A. self centred A. heckle
B. impetuous B. benevolent B. accuse
C. safe C. benign C. hate
D. impure D. unsparing D. scold
Ans: C Ans: A Ans: B

399. PERMIT 406. PILFERER 413. PRECISE

A. endorse A. sniper A. indecent
B. approve B. punk B. vague
C. certify C. lifter C. incorrect
D. forbid D. police D. indistinct
Ans: D Ans: D Ans: B

400. PERNICIOUS 407. PLACID 414. PREDILECTION

A. prolonged A. urgent A. acceptance
B. ruinous B. dull B. attraction
C. ruthless C. moving C. dislike
D. beneficial D. stormy D. choice
Ans: D Ans: D Ans: C

401. PERPETUAL 408. PLAUSIBLE 415. PREVENT

A. intermittent A. inplausible A. protect
B. frequent B. unplausible B. block
C. continuous C. implausible C. hinder
D. rare D. displausible D. induce
Ans: A Ans: C Ans: D

402. PERSPICUITY 409. PLIABLE 416. PRIMED

A. vagueness A. rigid A. fit
B. dullness B. friendly B. able
C. unfairness C. flexible C. unready
D. unwillingness D. applicable D. prepped
Ans: A Ans: A Ans: C
417. PROCRASTINATE 424. PROVIDE 431. RANCID
A. experiment A. ignore A. putrefied
B. expedite B. defy B. delicious
C. exclude C. deceive C. fresh
D. propagate D. deny D. stale
Ans: B Ans: D Ans: C

418. PROFESSIONAL 425. PROVOKE 432. RAPID

A. amateur A. soothe A. glorious
B. tradesman B. incite B. silly
C. labour C. smoothen C. slow
D. customer D. entice D. simple
Ans: A Ans: A Ans: C

419. PROFOUND 426. PRUDENT 433. RAPIDLY

A. less A. foolish A. lazily
B. special B. strange B. secretly
C. large C. miserly C. slowly
D. superficial D. careless D. firmly
Ans: D Ans: D Ans: C

420. PROFUSE 427. PUBLICISE 434. RATIFICATION

A. sparse A. silence A. disapproval
B. miserly B. disseminate B. disagreeable
C. brief C. promulgate C. denial
D. immoderate D. withhold D. disturbing
Ans: A Ans: D Ans: A

421. PROMINENT 428. QUERULOUS 435. REASSURE

A. notorious A. strange A. Comfort
B. obscure B. uncomplaining B. Console
C. wicked C. Answerable C. Inspire
D. hostile D. stranger D. Discourage
Ans: B Ans: B Ans: D

422. PROSPERITY 429. QUIESCENT 436. REBELLION

A. propriety A. active A. forgiveness
B. property B. rough B. retribution
C. adversity C. quaint C. submission
D. perspicacity D. queer D. domination
Ans: C Ans: A Ans: C

423. PROTEAN 430. QUIET 437. RECEDE

A. amateur A. strong A. advance
B. catholic B. noisy B. retrograde
C. unchanging C. incomplete C. retreat
D. rapid D. violent D. Withdraw
Ans: C Ans: B Ans: A
438. REDUNDANT 445. REPRIMANDED 452. REVOKE
A. repentant A. rebuked A. negate
B. surplus B. praised B. annul
C. singular C. admonished C. invalidate
D. required D. shouted D. implement
Ans: D Ans: B Ans: D

439. RELEASE 446. REPULSIVE 453. ROBUST

A. hide A. attractive A. lean
B. bury B. reflective B. strong
C. close C. distinctive C. flexible
D. confine D. progressive D. feeble
Ans: D Ans: A Ans: D

440. RELENTLESS 447. RESIST 454. ROUGH

A. sensitive A. remain A. refined
B. yielding B. decline B. charming
C. kind C. yield C. smooth
D. gentle D. adjust D. polite
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: C

441. RELINQUISH 448. RETAIN 455. RUEFULLY

A. continue A. remember A. cheerfully
B. vanish B. release B. regretfully
C. quench C. unfurl C. thoughtfully
D. relish D. engage D. hopefully
Ans: A Ans: B Ans: A

442. RELUCTANT 449. RETICENT 456. RUGGED

A. hesitant A. forward A. Hard
B. reserved B. developed B. Sturdy
C. anxious C. sophisticated C. Smooth
D. willing D. communicative D. Rough
Ans: D Ans: D Ans: C

443. RENOWNED 450. RETRENCH 457. SACRED

A. famous A. revamp A. profuse
B. owned B. belie B. prolific
C. unowned C. deviate C. profound
D. unknown D. recruit D. profane
Ans: D Ans: D Ans: D

444. REPEL 451. REVEAL 458. SACRIFICE

A. attend A. conceal A. assimilate
B. concentrate B. insert B. abandon
C. continue C. excavate C. acquire
D. attract D. absolve D. Absorb
Ans: D Ans: A Ans: C
459. SAFE 466. SEVERE 473. STABILITY
A. rash A. sharp A. opposition
B. insecure B. mild B. carelessness
C. beneficial C. important C. disparity
D. harsh D. cut D. inconsistency
Ans: B Ans: B Ans: D

460. SALIENT 467. SHALLOW 474. STALE

A. correct A. high A. fresh
B. insignificant B. long B. old
C. central C. wide C. steal
D. Convenient D. deep D. stalk
Ans: B Ans: D Ans: A

461. SANGUINE 468. SHIMMERING 475. STATIONARY

A. diffident A. gloomy A. slowing
B. hopeless B. glimmering B. standing
C. cynical C. refreshing C. moving
D. morose D. repining D. writing
Ans: B Ans: A Ans: C

462. SCARCITY 469. SLAVE 476. STERILE

A. scanty A. surf A. fertile
B. prosperity B. landlord B. infertile
C. majority C. master C. dense
D. plenty D. tenant D. barren
Ans: D Ans: C Ans: A

463. SEAMY 470. SOBRIETY 477. STERN

A. honest A. moderation A. lenient
B. pure B. drunkenness B. crabby
C. unpleasant C. dizziness C. polite
D. sincere D. stupidity D. unreasonable
Ans: B Ans: B Ans: A

464. SERENE 471. SPURIOUS 478. STINGY

A. calm A. illegitimate A. clean
B. angry B. authentic B. tight
C. ruffled C. mysterious C. generous
D. bitter D. dangerous D. cheap
Ans: C Ans: B Ans: C

465. SERVILE 472. SQUANDER 479. STRIFE

A. defiant A. spend A. war
B. fawning B. reduce B. peace
C. sycophantic C. slander C. anger
D. psychotic D. skimp D. woe
Ans: A Ans: D Ans: B
480. SUBLIME 487. SURVIVAL 494. TAKES OFF
A. amusing A. evolution A. travels
B. ludicrous B. development B. falls
C. hilarious C. creation C. explodes
D. mean D. extinction D. lands
Ans: B Ans: D Ans: D

481. SUBSEQUENT 488. SUSCEPTIBLE 495. TARDY

A. aloof A. incredible A. prompt
B. preceding B. immune B. gradual
C. inferior C. predictable C. late
D. dismissive D. unpredictable D. quick
Ans: B Ans: B Ans: A

482. SUBSTANTIAL 489. SUSPICION 496. TASTY

A. flimsy A. doubt A. delicious
B. hefty B. whim B. insipid
C. actual C. indifference C. appetising
D. excess D. trust D. palatable
Ans: A Ans: D Ans: B

483. SUMMIT 490. SWELTERING 497. TENTATIVE

A. end A. smelly A. definite
B. last B. clammy B. insufficient
C. base C. freezing C. plentiful
D. bottom D. cozy D. active
Ans: D Ans: C Ans: A

484. SUPERFICIAL 491. SYNOPSIS 498. TERMINATE

A. genuine A. discussion A. confine
B. natural B. preview B. repeal
C. artificial C. summary C. commence
D. amicable D. report D. progress
Ans: A Ans: C Ans: C

485. SUPERFLUOUS 492. SYNTHETIC 499. THEORETICAL

A. essential A. natural A. punctual
B. excess B. plastic B. uncritical
C. unwanted C. cosmetic C. emotional
D. necessary D. apathetic D. practical
Ans: D Ans: A Ans: D

486. SUPPRESS 493. TAINT 500. THOROUGH

A. reveal A. construct A. cursory
B. increase B. clear B. detailed
C. open C. purify C. intensive
D. explain D. repair D. utter
Ans: A Ans: C Ans: A
501. TIMOROUS 508. TREMULOUS 515. UNRULY
A. trembling A. healthy A. uneven
B. cowardly B. steady B. undue
C. bright C. obese C. orderly
D. bold D. young D. dirty
Ans: D Ans: B Ans: C

502. TRADITIONAL 509. TRIUMPH 516. UNSCRUPULOUS

A. avant-garde A. Defeat A. dedicated
B. present B. victory B. single–minded
C. unusual C. success C. conscientious
D. fresh D. subjugation D. Superfluous
Ans: C Ans: A Ans: C

503. TRAITOR 510. TURBULENT 517. URBANE

A. migrant A. harmony A. loud
B. member B. gusty B. native
C. patriot C. calm C. crude
D. officer D. windy D. rural
Ans: C Ans: C Ans: C

504. TRANQUIL 511. UNANIMITY 518. VACATE

A. unruffled A. amity A. evacuate
B. perpetual B. enmity B. validate
C. temporal C. disagreement C. occupy
D. disturbed D. dissatisfaction D. empty
Ans: D Ans: C Ans: C

505. TRANSIENCE 512. UNAPPROACHABLE 519. VACILLATE

A. eternity A. Unclear A. relieve
B. shallow B. Accessible B. injure
C. slow C. withdrawn C. decide
D. rest D. casual D. repel
Ans: A Ans: B Ans: C

506. TRANSPARENT 513. UNITARY 520. VAGUE

A. opposite A. single A. clear
B. opaque B. triple B. dull
C. raised C. multiple C. unknown
D. coloured D. double D. shady
Ans: B Ans: C Ans: A

507. TREACHEROUS 514. UNPREDICTABLE 521. VANITY

A. tactful A. dependable A. honesty
B. violent B. nature B. truthfulness
C. faithful C. laudable C. modesty
D. false D. compliant D. decency
Ans: C Ans: A Ans: C
522. VANQUISH 527. VICE 532. WICKED
A. vanish A. fame A. cunning
B. varnish B. virtue B. good
C. surrender C. fortune C. tricky
D. trample D. fate D. Crooked
Ans: C Ans: B Ans: B

523. VENERATION 528. VIRTUE 533. WITHER

A. fear A. fault A. shine
B. reverence B. vice B. bloom
C. remorse C. anger C. excel
D. disrespect D. ill-temper D. wilt
Ans: D Ans: B Ans: C

524. VENIAL 529. VISIONARY 534. YIELD

A. minor A. realist A. respond
B. pardonable B. artist B. survive
C. unpardonable C. idealist C. attack
D. clean D. Socialist D. Resisting
Ans: C Ans: A Ans: D

525. VERITY 530. VOCAL 535. ZEAL

A. sanctity A. voluble A. disinterest
B. reverence B. calm B. apathy
C. falsehood C. quite C. carelessness
D. rarity D. silent D. hatred
Ans: C Ans: D Ans: B

526. VETERAN 531. WARY 536. ZENITH

A. activist A. conscientious A. nadir
B. enthusiast B. daring B. shallow
C. novice C. thrifty C. low
D. master D. rash D. bottom
Ans: C Ans: D Ans: A
 ONE WORD SUBTITUTION
1 A shorten form of a word or phrase 28 A diplomat minister of the higher order
- Abbreviation send by a country to another
2 Official end of a law, a system and - Ambassador (envoy/emissary/diplomat)
institution - Abolish 29 That kills more than one type of organism
3 Original inhabitants of a place - Ambicide
- Aborigines 30 One who can use either of his hands with
4 Away from one’s own country ease - Ambidextrous
- abroad 31 Having more than one meaning or doubtful
5 Hard to understand - Abstruse meaning - Ambiguous
6 To increase the speed; to make something 32 Having opposing feelings - Ambivalent
faster than earlier - Accelerate 33 Able to walk after bed ridden
7 give more importance to someone or - Ambulatory
something - Accentuate 34 Loss of memory - Amnesia
8 Who is a partner in wrong deeds or crime 35 General pardon for political offenders
- Accomplice - Amnesty
9 Responsible for his decision of actions 36 Able to live both on land or water
- Accountable - Amphibious
10 Charge on someone doing something 37 To cut off somebody’s arm leg etc in
wrong - Accusation operation - Amputate
11 To accept with argument/ express 38 That which is out of date and place
agreement - Acquiesce - Anachronistic
12 Acrobatic acts and movements 39 Absence of government - Anarchy
- Acrobatics 40 Something that is detested - Anathema
13 One who calculates insurance risk and 41 Drug that makes a people or animal unable
payments - Actuary to feel pain etc. - Anesthetic
14 The period between childhood and 42 Official records - Annals
adulthood - Adolescence 43 Happening every year - Annual
15 Art and science of aircraft - Aeronautics 44 A sum of money paid to someone each
16 Fear of height - Aerophobia year as pension - Annuity
17 A person who believes in sensual pleasure 45 Situation that deviate from common rule
- Aesthetic or law - Anomaly
18 To insult of offend somebody - Affront 46 A book written by an unknown author
19 List of items to be discussed by a letter, poem etc. - Anonymous
committee - Agenda whose author is unknown
20 To make an illness or a bad or a unpleasant 47 A person liable to be called to account for
situation worse (worsen) - Aggravate his action - Answerable
21 A country/ person who attacks first 48 A person who strongly oppose something
- Aggressor of villain in a play - Antagonist
22 Who does not believe in the existence of 49 To date before the true time - Antedate
god - Agnostic 50 Collection of poems/songs/ excerpts
23 To make somebody less friendly or - Anthology
sympathetic towards you - Alienate 51 Fondness for flowers - Anthomania
24 Money lawfully given to husband of wife 52 A study of human race his origins and
after divorce - Alimony beliefs - Anthropology
25 Place of one’s learning - Alma mater 53 A medicine that controls the effect of
26 A person who loves everybody - Altruistic poison - Antidote
27 One who does something not 54 Existing since old times - Antique
professionally - Amateur 55 A medicine that prevents decomposing /
but for pleasure or enjoyment infection in wound - Antiseptic
56 A word opposite in meaning to another 86 A building where soldiers live - Barracks
- Antonym 87 Cut off the head (decapitate) - Behead
57 Loss of the ability to understand or make 88 One who is ready to start fighting
speech - Aphasia - Bellicose
58 Where bees are kept - Apiary 89 Nation engaged in war - Belligerent
59 One who has changed his religious beliefs 90 A person who provides help for the schools
- Apostate and colleges as a charity - Benefactor
60 A strong believer - Apostle 91 Any type of drink except water - Beverage
61 A large glass container in home for fish 92 Group of young girls - Bevy
- Aquarium 93 List of books and writing - Bibliography
62 A person who is chosen by two parties to 94 A great lover of books - Bibliophile
settle the dispute - Arbitrator 95 Fear of books - Bibliophobia
63 A study of ancient things - Archaeology 96 who wants to drink too much alcohol
64 Public records - Archives - Bibulous
65 Sea abounding in islands - Archipelago 97 To cut something into two pieces
66 Art and science of making building - Bifurcate
- Architecture 98 Practice of having two wives or husbands
67 A place where historical/ official records - Bigamy
are kept - Archive 99 One who has very strong unreasonable
68 Government by nobles - Aristocracy belief or opinion about god - Bigot
69 Military forces and their equipment. 100 Involving both or two group or sides
- Armament - Bilateral
70 A formal agreement during the war to stop 101 A person who speaks two languages
fighting (ceasefire) - Armistice - Bilingual
71 Building where military weapons e.g. 102 Life history of a person written by another
bombs and explosives are kept - Arsenal - Biography
72 Soldiers on big guns mounted on wheels 103 The scientific study of life structure of
- Artillery plants and animals - Biology
73 Expert in any skill of hand - Artisan 104 Any creature with two foot (man) - Biped
74 A person who does not believe in sensual 105 Contempt of god - Blasphemy
pleasure - Ascetic 106 Rough or ill mannered - Boorish
75 Killing of a political person for political 107 Things taken by robbers - Booty
reason - Assassination 108 A town and part of a city that has its local
76 One who attacks harms somebody government - Borough
physically - Assaulter 109 The branch of biology dealing with plants
77 That can be heard - Audible - Botany
78 An assembly of hearers at a lecture or 110 A situation that stops an activity from
concert - Audience progressing - Bottleneck
79 One who makes an official examination of 111 A broad road bordered with trees
accounts - Auditor - Boulevard
80 The life story of a man written by himself 112 A member of the middle class - Bourgeois
- Autobiography 113 Cow like - Bovine
81 Government by one person - Autocracy 114 A part of horses’ harness - Bridle
82 Of a person extremely desirous of money 115 A member of bandits/ a member of
(greedy) - Avaricious criminals - Brigand
83 Where birds are kept - Aviary 116 Easily breakable - Brittle
84 One who is expelled from one’s home or 117 Aggressive attack of words - Broadside
country - Banish 118 Woven fabric richly ornamented with
85 To shout criticism on players in game/ or designs - Brocade
shout encouragement - Barrack 119 A person to make people laugh - Buffoon
for a person in game (heckle) 120 Government by officials - Bureaucracy
121 A person who enters in house illegally to 156 Say something in roundabout manner
steal - Burglar - Circumlocution
122 Having harsh sound - Cacophony 157 Clues available at a scene - Circumstantial
123 Corpselike - Cadaverous 158 Prevent from being carried out
124 Persuade by flattery - Cajole - Circumvent
125 Art of beautiful handwriting - Calligraphy 159 A castle on high place where people save
126 A man devoid of kind feeling and sympathy themselves at the time of attack - Citadel
- Callous 160 Union of political parties - Coalition
127 False statement about a person - Calumny 161 To force somebody to do something by
128 Doglike - Canine using force - Coerce
129 One who eats human flesh - Cannibal 162 Presented in a forceful and convincing
130 Lover of dogs - Cynophilist manner - Cogent
131 Big divisions of a poem - Canto 163 Having same origin or idea - Cognate
132 Permanent military station - Cantonment 164 People who work together - Colleagues
133 Sink into water - Capsize 165 That can be burn easily - Combustible
134 A picture in exaggerated manner to 166 To remind important person or event of
produce laughter - Caricature the past - Commemorate
135 Violent killing of a large number of people 167 A person who makes a broadcast
- Carnage - Commentator
136 one who eats flesh - Carnivorous 168 Devotion to one’s community
137 A moving belt a metro station where you - Communalism
collect your - Carousal 169 An official statement of report, especially
luggage/ a riotous drinking party to newspaper - Communiqué
138 The art of drawing and making maps 170 A collection of facts and photographs on a
- Cartography particular - Compendium
139 An amusing drawing in magazines or subjects (pl. compendia)
newspaper - Cartoon 171 Having very high opinion of oneself
140 Sudden and violent change - Cataclysm - Conceited
141 A list of books - Catalogue 172 Living together without marriage
142 House riders - Cavalier - Concubinage
143 Soldiers who fight on horse - Cavalry 173 A large official meeting/ discussing
144 Not married and not having sex - Celibate - Conference
145 Official counting of the population 174 A huge destructive fire - Conflagration
- Census 175 Having a similar nature and interest
146 A person who is above hundred years - Congenial
- Centenarian 176 Belonging or pertaining to an individual
147 Hundredth anniversary - Centenary from birth - Congenital
148 The pot or other objects made by clay 177 Gathering of people in a church for worship
- Ceramics - Congregation
149 Any kind of grain used for food - Cereal 178 Same in all respect as size and shape
150 Say a prayer in singing voice - Chant - Congruent
151 An older woman appointed to took care of 179 Relationship by blood or birth
a unmarried girl/ - Chaperone - Consanguinity
a teacher on a trip to guide 180 Compulsory enlistment for military or
152 Main division of a book - Chapters other services - Conscription
153 A person pretends to have more skills than 181 Careful preservation and protection
he has - Charlatan - Conservation
154 Place where dead bodies of bones are kept 182 Laws and principal to govern a state
- Charnel house - Constitution
155 Deep crack or opening in a ground 183 Disease spread by contact - Contagious
- Chasm
184 Belonging to the same period of time as school, museums etc.
- Contemporary 211 A person who buys goods from a shop
185 Device or drug to prevent a woman - Customer
becoming pregnant - Contraceptive 212 One who questions everything - Cynic
186 Showing deep sorrow for wrong doing 213 Belief that nothing good will happen
- Contrite - Cynicism
187 One who is recovering from illness 214 A person or thing that is center of
- Convalescent attraction - Cynosure
188 Secret religious meeting - Conventicler 215 A barrier is built across the river to stop
189 Secret of hidden and difficult to notice water, especially to make reservoir - Dam
- Covert 216 Excessive use of alcohol and sex
190 A woman who flirts with man - Coquette - Debauchery
191 Ceremony when crown is placed on the 217 An official or court order that will become
head of a new king or queen - Coronation a law - Decree
192 A long narrow passage in a building in 218 The abandonment of one’s country
which doors open - Corridor - Defection
193 Thing to be corrected in a printed book 219 To transfer one's authority to another
- Corrigendum - Delegate
194 Proof something with evidences 220 Final release from rebirth - Deliverance
- Corroborate 221 A politician who arouse people’s feeling for
195 Person singing jointly with others own benefit - Demagogue
- Cosignatory 222 Government by the people for the people
196 Science of constitution of universe - Democracy
- Cosmography 223 To move soldiers for battle - Deploy
197 Science of origin of universe - Cosmology 224 Of very bad morals - Depraved
198 A person who has experience of different 225 To feel or express disapproval - Deprecate
parts and - Cosmopolitan 226 To go down in value - Depreciate
customs of the world 227 Failing to discharge one’ duty - Dereliction
199 A small group of people - Coterie 228 Study of skin and its disease
200 Having a common boundary - Dermatology
- Coterminous 229 Damage a holy thing or place - Desecrate
201 A wooden container to contain goods 230 Loss of complete hope - Despondency
- Crate 231 Lack of necessities of life (money food etc.)
202 Letters or papers that shows your - Destitution
qualification or achievements 232 To go from bad to worse - Deteriorate
- Credentials 233 A thing that makes somebody less likely to
203 A person who believes easily whatever he do something - Deterrent
is told - Credulous 234 Usually the long route - Detour
204 A place where dead bodies are burned 235 To complete destroy an area - Devastate
- Crematorium 236 Skillful - Dexterous
205 Person unable to walk or cripple - Cripple 237 Determination of a disease by its
206 Judgement of literature and any kind of art symptoms - Diagnosis
work - Criticism 238 Bitter and violent attack of words
207 Support used by a lame person in walking - Diatribe
- Crutch 239 Government run by a dictator
208 Most important of difficult part of a - Dictatorship
problem - Crux 240 Turn or wander away from the main topic
209 Ideas, customs and traditions followed by - Digress
a race of people - Culture 241 One who is a dabbler in art science and
210 A person whose job is to take care of literature - Dilettante
buildings such - Custodian (take part but not seriously)
242 A person whose job to represent his or her 272 Order of the govt. to stop trade with
country in foreign countries - Diplomat another country - Embargo
243 A poem or song for the dead - Dirge 273 Misappropriation of money
244 Denied from a fact publicly/ denied - Embezzlement
knowledge of something - Disavow 274 One who is retried and have title
245 Difference between two or more things - Emeritus
that should be same - Discrepancy 275 Medicine which induces vomiting - Emetic
246 To take somebody’s right of voting 276 One who leaves his country to live in
- Disenfranchise another country - Emigrant
247 To take away someone’s right to vote 277 One who goes foreign for the welfare of
- Disenfranchisement one’s country - Emissary
248 feeling of sad or disappointment - Dismay 278 To lay special stress on - Emphasize
249 A writing on a particular subject 279 A large retail store/ shop - Emporium
- Dissertation 280 Go beyond what is natural or just
250 Hiding one’s own true feeling or ideas - Encroach
- Dissimulation 281 A disease which spreads in a specific area
251 Active in day time/ active during the day or region - Endemic
- Diurnal 282 Give the right to vote (franchise)
252 Amount of money that represents part of a - Enfranchise
company’s profit. - Dividend 283 To be attracted towards something
253 Certain with your beliefs and other should - Enthrall
accept them without attention - Dogmatic 284 Study of insects - Entomology
254 An area controlled by a ruler - Dominion 285 Only for a short period of time (transient)
255 A game or battle in which neither party - Ephemeral
wins - Drawn/ Tie 286 One who is fond of eating and drinking
256 Very slow learner - Dunce - Epicure
257 Successor of ruler belongs to one family 287 Disease affection many people at the same
- Dynast place of time - Epidemic
258 fit to be eaten - Eatable 288 Closing speech of a play - Epilogue
259 One who see secretly - Eavesdropper 289 Commemorative inscription on a tomb/
260 Man of odd habits/strange habits words inscribed on a tomb - Epitaph
- Eccentric 290 A phrase use to indicate the quality and
261 Study of environment - Ecology character of someone - Epithet
262 A thing that is fit to be eaten - Edible 291 A perfect example of something
263 Of a man showing feminine attributes (embodiment) - Epitome
- Effeminate 292 A calm state of mind when you are not
264 Image of a person by wood or paper etc. disturb with difficulties - Equanimity
- Effigy 293 Person who rides on horse- back
265 Belief that everyone has equal right and - Equestrian
opportunities - Egalitarianism 294 A state of perfect balance - Equilibrium
266 One who thinks only for oneself, a person 295 The day when night and day both are equal
who is selfish, - Egoist - Equinox
self-absorbed and self-centered 296 Destroy or get rid of something completely
267 Body of voters - Electorate - Eradicate
268 One who is qualifies for election - Eligible 297 Showing sexual desire of pleasure - Erotic
269 Group or society of educated persons 298 A mistake in a book by printing or writing
- Elite - Erratum
270 To explain something mysterious or 299 One who escapes from the realities of life
difficult - Elucidate - Escapist
271 A wall build to prevent river or sea from 300 Which is known by a few - Esoteric
flood - Embankment 301 Practice of spying - Espionage
302 Without an end existing forever - Eternal 335 One who thinks only of welfare of women
303 Belong to a nation or race of people - Feminist
- Ethnic 336 Chain on flowers and colour papers
304 Study of races of mankind - Ethnology - Festoon
305 Moral ideal and character of a particular 337 Literature of unreal stories - Fiction
group - Ethos 338 Faithfulness - Fidelity
306 A study of derivation of words - Etymology 339 Very wicked or cruel person - Fiend
307 Bombastic style of writing - Euphemism 340 gay and elegant dress or appearance
308 Pleasing sound - Euphony - Finery
309 To kill someone to get rid of incurable 341 A group of ships - Fleet
disease mercy killing - Euthanasia 342 Plants of a particular region - Flora
310 To place people from danger place to safer 343 A group of light boats/ life boats - Flotilla
one - Evacuate 344 Struggle to get out of water/ to struggle to
311 Passing out of memory - Evanescent know what - Flounder
312 Not willing to give clear answer to a to say or how to continue
question (cagey) - Evasive 345 Stroke of good luck - fluke
313 A government department that controls 346 Hay or straw for cattle - Fodder
public money - Exchequer 347 Touch of stroke lovingly - Fondle
314 Departure of many people at the same 348 Something that has been determined
time from same place - Exodus beforehand - Foregone
315 To free somebody from all blame 349 Something taken away from you because
- Exonerate you have done something wrong - Forfeit
316 That can be explained or understood 350 Ant farm - Formicarium
- Explicable 351 Remains of prehistoric periods etc. - Fossil
317 Clear and easy to understand explainable 352 Place where metal or glass is melted
- Explicate - Foundry
318 A person who supports and idea or theory 353 Murder of a brother - Fratricide
(proponent) - Exponent 354 Light sailing boat (flotilla) - Frigate
319 To sell and send something to another 355 To denounce the thundering tones
country - Export - Fulminate
320 That can be expressed in words 356 Search in the dark - Fumble
- Expressible 357 One who walks on rope - Funambulist
321 Extremely beautiful and delicate 358 Mixing of different things in to one
- Exquisite - Fusion
322 Spoken or done without preparation 359 A group of noisy people - Gaggle
- Extempore 360 Clusters of star - Galaxy
323 Short story with moral and animals - Fable 361 Run very fast or quickly - Gallop
324 An exact copy - Facsimile 362 A group of soldiers living in a town or fort
325 A false idea that many people think is true/ to defend it - Garrison
mistaken belief - Fallacy 363 Person who is fond of talking - Garrulous
326 Scarcity of food in a region - Famine 364 Murder of a race of whole community
327 A person who is extremely enthusiastic - Genocide
about something - Fanatic 365 Branch of medical science deals with the
328 A person difficult to please - Fastidious old age problems - Geriatrics
329 Anything that leads to death - Fatal 366 A medicine that kills germs - Germicide
330 One who believes in fate - Fatalist 367 feeling that everything is moving (dizzy)
331 Animals of a particular region - Fauna - Giddiness
332 Something capable of being done 368 One who fights to another person or
- Feasible animal to entertain people - Gladiator
333 Catlike - Feline 369 List and explanation of difficult words
334 Serious crime like murder arson - Felony - Glossary
370 One who eats too much - Glutton 402 Forcefully take control over a vehicle
371 To grind one’s teeth - Gnash - Hijack
372 Eat fast noisily and greedily (devour) 403 A structure made by bees to live - Hive
- Gobble 404 To collect and keep large amount of money
373 A silly person - Goose food secretly - Hoard
374 Lover of good food - Gourmand 405 Large scale destruction by fire - Holocaust
375 One who likes to know about food 406 Leather case for a pistol or revolver
- Gourmet - Holster
376 Place for storing grains - Granary 407 Murder of a human being - Homicide
377 One who analysis handwriting 408 Killing of human being - Homicide
- Graphologist 409 Same pronunciation but different in
378 Without payment/ free of charge - Gratis meaning - Homophones
379 Done without payment or free of charge 410 Work for which no salary is paid
- Gratuitous - Honorary
380 Money given to an employ when he leaves 411 Line at which the earth and the sky seem
the job - Gratuity to meet - Horizon
381 A place where dead bodies are buried 412 Science of time - Horology
- Graveyard 413 Growing vegetable flower and fruit
382 Of animals living in flocks - Gregarious - Horticulture
383 Make a deep sound when you are in pain 414 entertaining guests in generous and
- Groan friendly way - Hospitable
384 Person whose job is to look after horses 415 state of antagonism - Hostility
- Groom 416 One who feels sympathetic towards
385 A feeling of dislike and anger to somebody human beings - Humanitarian
- Grudge 417 Assembly or parliament in which no party
386 One who is easily deceived - Gullible has got clear majority - Hung
387 Strong rush of wind - Gust 418 Violent storm - Hurricane
388 An ugly woman - Hag 419 House for rabbit - Hutch
389 Seeing something that is nor actually 420 fear of water - Hydrophobia
present - Hallucination 421 An exaggerated statement - Hyperbole
390 A very small village - Hamlet 422 High blood pressure - Hypertension
391 Things are decorated by hands 423 A person who is too much worry about his
- Handicraft health - Hypochondriac
392 Vehicle for carrying dead bodies - Hearse 424 One who pretends to be what he is not
393 To interrupt a speaker at public meeting - Hypocrite
- Heckle 425 Low blood pressure - Hypotension
394 Person who believes only in sensual 426 A set of ideas based on economic or
pleasure - Hedonism political system - Ideology
395 One who believes that sensual pleasure is 427 A person's peculiar habit - Idiosyncrasy
the chief idea - Hedonist 428 Worship of idols - Idolatry
396 A cow that has not bred - Heifer 429 A place and shelter of an Eskimo - Igloo
397 A faithful supporter of a powerful person 430 prohibited by law (illicit) - Illegal
- Henchman 431 A handwriting that cannot be read
398 Of animals feeding on grass and plants - Illegible
- Herbivorous 432 Not acceptable according to law (born of
399 A belief or opinion against the traditional parents who are - Illegitimate
belief or notion - Heresy not legally married)
400 Writing with the help of symbols etc. 433 A trade that is not allowed by law - Illicit
- Hieroglyph 434 A person who cannot read or write
401 Representative of India in any country - Illiterate
- High commissioner 435 In memory of some one - Immemorial
436 One who comes to settle in a foreign 466 That cannot be believed - Incredible
country - Immigrant 467 remember any idea or opinion again and
437 That is sure to happen - Imminent again - Inculcate
438 One who cannot die - Immortal 468 That which cannot be cured - Incurable
439 That cannot by physically felt of felt by 469 That cannot tired - Indefatigable
touch - Impalpable 470 That which cannot be defended
440 That cannot be penetrated (to go into) - Indefensible
- Impenetrable 471 Compensation for loss - Indemnity
441 That cannot be perceived by senses 472 That which cannot be described
- Imperceptible - Indescribable
442 one who tries to control week countries 473 That cannot be destroyed - Indestructible
- Imperialism 474 Having no interest - Indifferent
443 A person who remains unmoved and 475 Feeling or showing anger and surprise
unaffected by other - Impervious - Indignant
people's opinions, suggestions 476 Something that is essential and cannot be
444 Lack of respect for religion and god dispensed with - Indispensable
- Impiety 477 Incapable of being divided - Indivisible
445 Showing lack of respect - Impious 478 That cannot be expressed in words
446 That cannot be weighted or considered - Ineffable
- Imponderable 479 Incapable of being selected for a job
447 Take something from another country - Ineligible
- Import 480 That which cannot be escaped
448 A person who pretends to be somebody - Inescapable
else - Impostor 481 That which cannot be avoided - Inevitable
449 Lacking sufficient strength to do something 482 That cannot be justified - Inexcusable
- Impotent 483 That cannot be exhausted - Inexhaustible
450 That which cannot be practiced 484 That which cannot be explained
- Impracticable - Inexplicable
451 The building which cannot be entered by 485 Incapable of being definitely of clearly
force - Impregnable expressed - Inexplicit
452 one who amuse by copying other’s 486 A remedy which never fails - Infallible
activities - Impressionist 487 Murder of an infant - Infanticide
453 That which is not likely to happen 488 Soldiers who fought on foot - Infantry
- Improbable 489 very strong feeling of attraction
454 Exemption from punishment - Impunity - Infatuation
455 Incapable of being reached - Inaccessible 490 That can be easily set on fire
456 Incapable of being admitted - Inadmissible - Inflammable
457 Without life - Inanimate 491 Infections disease with fever and muscular
458 A sound that cannot be heard - Inaudible pain - Influenza
459 Introduce into public use by some formal 492 Skillful in inventing - Ingenious
ceremony - Inaugurate 493 That which cannot be imitated - Inimitable
460 that which gives bright light when heated 494 Judicial order to stop something legally
- Incandescent - Injunction
461 Designed to cause fire/ causing strong 495 Harmless - Innocuous
feeling or desire - Incendiary 496 A judicial enquiry to find out faults
462 Travel under anybody’s name - Incognito - Inquisition
463 Incapable of living together with harmony 497 That which cannot be satisfied - Insatiable
- Incompatible 498 Expressions without any felling or emotion
464 A statement which cannot be understood - Inscrutable
- Incomprehensible 499 A badge shows that they are from a
465 Impossible to change - Incorrigible particular group - Insignia
500 Incapable of being dissolved in a liquid 529 Remarks which do not ally apply to the
- Insoluble subject under discussion - Irrelevant
501 That cannot be solved - Insolvable 530 A loss of damage that cannot be
502 One who is unable to pay his debts compensated - Irreparable
- Insolvent 531 That cannot be altered - Irrevocable
503 Inability to sleep - Insomnia 532 A man who is easily irritated - Irritable
504 A person who is the cause of something 533 A person who travels place to place
bad happened - Instigator - Itinerant
505 A natural tendency of a person or people 534 Language difficult to understand because
- Instinct few people use it. - Jargon
506 That cannot be touched/difficult to like malapropism
describe or measure - Intangible 535 Language difficult to understand - Jargon
507 Honesty and uprightness of character 536 Professional horse rider - Jockey
- Integrity 537 The area over which an official has control
508 To settles the dispute between two parties - Jurisdiction
- Intercede 538 Science and philosophy of human law
509 To check or stop on the way - Intercept - Jurisprudence
510 One who take part in dialogue or 539 Science of human beauty/ beauty in nature
discussion - Interlocutor and art - Kalology
511 to confine and detain someone at a place 540 To take somebody away by force and hold
- Internment him or her prisoner, - Kidnap
512 To make a remark to stop conversation usually for ransom
- Interpolate 541 School for very young children
513 To interrupt somebody when he is - Kindergarten
speaking/come between time - Intervene 542 A mental illness having uncontrollable
514 One who dies without a Will - Intestate desire to steal articles - Kleptomania
515 Make or carry a secret plan - Intrigue 543 Sound of funeral bell - Knell
516 Belong to a thing by its very nature 544 Use a few words to say/ express something
- Intrinsic - Laconic
517 Examine one’s own though and feeling 545 A salt water lake separated from sea by
- Introspect sand - Lagoon
518 Immediate response by mind without 546 That which is lawful - Legal
reason - Intuition 547 That can be read easily - Legible
519 Rude and unpleasant language - Invective 548 Member of law making body or assembly
520 A list of household goods furniture etc. - Legislature
- Inventory 549 Acceptable according to law - Legitimate
521 Careful and thorough enquiry 550 Lion like - Leonine
- Investigation 551 A person who compiles a dictionary
522 That cannot be conquered/ win - Lexicographer
- Invincible 552 A humourous short poem with five long
523 That must be respected/ not violating lines - Limerick
- Inviolable 553 Study of physical phenomenon of lake
524 A thing that cannot be seen with human - Limnology
eyes - Invisible 554 A song with several singers usually without
525 call upon god or any other power for help music - Madrigal
or protection - Invocation 555 The first speech made by a person
526 the list of articles dispatched with quantity - Maiden
or price - Invoice 556 Desire to harm or hurt others - Malice
527 That which cannot be hurt - Invulnerable 557 Poor health caused by insufficient feeding
528 That cannot be recovered or regained or nourishing - Malnutrition
- Irrecoverable
558 Animal that feeds its young with milk 586 Custom of having one wife or husband
- Mammals - Monogamy
559 A written statement by a political party for 587 A dramatic story/speech/play by a person
its beliefs - Manifesto - Monologue
560 A model of human body used to displaying 588 Absence of variety (boring) - Monotony
clothes - Mannequin 589 A building column or statue in memory of
jewellery etc. (dummy) someone (India gate ) - Monument
561 Handwritten book - Manuscript 590 A room where dead bodies are kept of
562 Person or animal that goes about in search identification - Morgue
of plunder or prey - Marauder 591 given something as a security to take loan
563 Killing of one’s husband - Mariticide from bank and any organization
564 One who dies for a noble cause - Martyr - Mortgage
565 Practice of having sexual pleasure by 592 A room where dead bodies are kept for
hurting - Masochist postmortem - Mortuary
566 Killing of a large number of people brutally 593 Designed made by putting together
- Massacre coloured pieces of glass and stones
567 A cinema show which is held in the - Mosaic
afternoon - Matinee 594 A hotel on the road side for those who are
568 Murder of one’s mother - Matricide travelling by car etc. - Motel
569 Domestic arrangements in hospital 595 Person who tries to deceive people by
- Matron clever talk - Mountebank
570 Belonging to the Middle Ages - Medieval 596 To kill someone deliberately or cold
571 One who works for the sake of money blooded - Murder
- Mercenary 597 A place where historical things are kept
572 Government by intelligent or able people - Museum
- Meritocracy 598 To damage somebody’s body by cutting or
573 Science of metal - Metallurgy tearing the parts - Mutilation
574 The process of changing somebody 599 Somebody or something with the same
something into complete different shape name as somebody - Namesake
- Metamorphosis or something else
575 Instrument for viewing very small objects 600 Excessive indulgence to self - Narcissism
- Microscope 601 State of unconsciousness - Narcosis
576 To move from one region to another as 602 Medicines that induces sleep - Narcotic
whether changes - Migrate 603 One who studies birds, plants and their
577 The movement of changing from one place living - Naturalist
to another - Migration 604 Fear of the dead bodies - Necrophobia
578 One who hates man or mankind 605 One who is recently married - Neogamist
- Misanthropist 606 Using new words or expressions
579 A person who does not believe in the - Neologism
institution of marriage - Misogamist 607 One who is a newcomer - Neophyte
580 One hates women - Misogynist 608 Killing of a favourite one - Nepoticide
581 Hater of learning and knowledge 609 Give special favour to one’s own relative
- Misologist - Nepotism
582 Hatred of change or innovation 610 Supporting neither side in competition
- Misoneism - Neutral
583 Rule by the mob - Mobocracy 611 Member of a tribe that wanders from place
584 Government by a king or queen to place - Nomad
- Monarchy 612 Giving name - Nomenclature
585 A place where monks are lived 613 Person of no importance - Nonentity
- Monastery 614 Home sickness or sentimental longing for
the past - Nostalgia
615 A person with an evil reputation 649 Money lawfully given to the former
- Notorious partner whether they are not married
616 One who is new to a trade or profession - Palimony
- Novice 650 The word or phrase that can be read same
617 Which is harmful - Noxious as backward and forward (madam nurses
618 Science of coins or medals - Numismatics run) - Palindrome
619 Offering made to god - Oblation 651 That which can lessen the severity of pain
620 Notice of the death of a person - Obituary - Palliative
621 Person who is opposed of enlightenment 652 Remedy for all disease - Panacea
- Obscurantist 653 Sensitive to light of all colours in the visible
622 funeral ceremony - Obsequies spectrum - Panchromatic
623 No longer in use/ out of date - Obsolete 654 Disease widely epidemic which spread
624 Specialist in pregnancy and childbirth over a whole world - Pandemic
- Obstetrician 655 A situation in which there is a lot of chaos,
625 Slow in understanding - Obtuse noise and confusion - Pandemonium
626 Government by a few persons - Oligarchy 656 Piece of writing full of praise
627 collection of many things/ a book that (eulogy/essay) - Panegyric
contain all books of a writer - Omnibus 657 A person unable to feel or move parts of
628 Of all sorts - Omnifarious his body - Paralysis
629 Having many form - Omniform 658 Illicit partner of a married man or woman
630 Composed of or containing all varieties - Paramour
- Omnigenous 659 A mental disease when people are afraid of
631 Having all powers - Omnipotent others - Paranoia
632 One who is present everywhere 660 Personal belongings equipment etc.
- Omnipresent - Paraphernalia
633 One who knows everything - Omniscient 661 A small animal or plant that lives on
634 An animal or a human being that eats any another plant of animal - Parasite
kind of food - Omnivorous 662 Troops trained for being dropped by
635 A branch of philosophy that deals with the parachute - Paratroops
nature of existence - Ontology 663 Short story with moral - Parable
636 That through which light cannot pass 664 Killing of one’s parents - Parenticide
- Opaque 665 A discussion to reach to an agreement
637 Strong and unchanging in opinion - Parley
- Opinionated 666 A temporary release allowed on certain
638 Scornful and contemptuous language condition - Parole
- Opprobrious 667 Killing of one’s close relatives - Parricide
639 One who looks on the bright side of things 668 Someone who supports a person or
- Optimist something without any thinking - Partisan
640 Severe test of character of endurance 669 A person who has suddenly became
- Ordeal powerful and rich (upstart) - Parvenu
641 A study of birds - Ornithology 670 Murder of a father - Patricide
642 Charitable home for orphans - Orphanage 671 Property inherited from father to son
643 A small town or group of building or army - Patrimony
camp away from main building of camp 672 Name derived from father’s name
- Outpost - Patronymic
644 On the other side of the page or sheet 673 One who has no money - Pauper
- Overleaf 674 Use of public money for one’s own benefit
645 Producing eggs - Oviparous (embezzlement) - Peculation
646 A person who opposes war - Pacifist 675 One who likes teaching - Pedagogue
647 Study of fossils - Paleontology 676 One who emphasizes greatly on rules in
648 Pleasant and acceptable taste - Palatable study - Pedant
677 One who goes on foot - Pedestrian 710 Government by the rich people
678 A home for pigs - Pen - Plutocracy
679 Area of land that is almost surrounded by 711 Inflammation of the lungs - Pneumonia
water - Peninsula 712 The custom of having more than one
680 A person who sorrows for his sins husband at a time - Polyandry
- Penitent 713 The custom of having more than one wife
681 Capable of being perceived by the senses at a time - Polygamy
- Perceptible 714 A person knows more than one language
682 That which is everlasting - Perennial - Polyglot
683 Concluding part of a speech - Peroration 715 A figure with many angles or sides
684 Final part or summary of an oration - Polygon
- Peroration 716 Marrying more than two females
685 Quick to judge or understand - Polygyne
- Perspicacious 717 Pig like - Porcine
686 Change of something from normal to 718 Group of people with the same job or
abnormal - Perversion purpose - Posse
687 One who looks on the dark side of things 719 generation which will live in near future
- Pessimist - Posterity
688 Morally dangerous - Pestiferous 720 Anything after death e.g. child born, book
689 A man who pleases himself by making love published receive medal - Posthumous
with many girls - Philanderer 721 Medical examination of a dead body
690 One who loves mankind - Philanthropist - Postmortem
691 Collection of stamps - Philately 722 Extra message at the end of a letter after
692 A person who does not care for art and signature - Postscript
literature - Philistine 723 Books pictures bring a lot of money
693 Lover of women/ one who thinks welfare - Pot – boiler
of women - Philogynist 724 Water fit for drinking - Potable
694 Lover of learning - Philomath 725 Musical or literary medley - Potpourri
695 Lover of poetry and art - Philomuse 726 Theory of utility - Pragmatism
696 Lover of animal - Philozoic 727 Practical experience - Pragmatist
697 To cheat someone by taking his identity of 728 Deliver a sermon - Preach
bank account - Phishing 729 Animal that eats other animals - Predator
details on internet 730 former holder of a position or office
698 Science of sound of speech - Phonetics - Predecessors
699 A picture which is made by putting 731 A difficult of unpleasant situation
different photographs together (quandary) - Predicament
- Photomontage 732 Author’s remark at the beginning of a book
700 Study of human skull - Phrenology - Preface
701 A study of the body - Physiology 733 To be biased against - Prejudiced
702 Deeply religious - Pious 734 feeling that something bad is going to be
703 Pleasant or sharp to the taste - Piquant happen - Premonition
704 Fishlike - Piscine 735 Right or advantage by a person of group
705 Written or printed notice posted in public - Prerogative
place - Placard 736 Medicine suggested by a doctor
706 One who copies from other writers - Prescription
- Plagiarist 737 Say publicly what is that something is true
707 One who brings case in the court - Plaintiff - Proclaim
708 Sad sounding sound - Plaintive 738 Put off for a future time - Procrastination
709 Flat metal or porcelain plat fixed on a wall 739 A child with remarkable talent - Prodigy
as a memorial - Plaque 740 Shamelessly immoral - Profligate
741 A forecast of the result of a disease of 770 A reference taken from a book etc.
illness - Prognosis because it is useful - Quotations
742 A thing somebody say will happen in future 771 Devotion to one’s race - Racialism
- Prognostication 772 Warden employed to patrol a tract of
743 Whole body of wage earners - Proletariat forest - Ranger
744 Lines in at the beginning of 773 Amount of money paid to free someone
play/introductory speech - Prologue - Ransom
745 To make something last longer - Prolong 774 Greedy especially for money - Rapacious
746 Taking from many source without careful 775 Sympathetic relationship - Rapport
thought/ having many 776 Reduction of tax or debt - Rebate
sexual partners - Promiscuous 777 Present opposing arguments or evidence
747 A tendency to a particular kind of behavior - Rebut
- Propensity 778 To disown one’s belief - Recant
748 One who foretells events correctly 779 A person who continues to commit crimes
- Prophet - Recidivist
749 Person who proposed something 780 To give and receive mutually - Reciprocate
- Proponent 781 Practice of give and take - Reciprocity
750 Take legal action against somebody 782 A person who withdraws from the world to
- Prosecute live in seclusion - Recluse
751 One who persuades someone to accept a 783 Information gathering activity
particularly belief - Proselyte - Reconnaissance
752 Hero in a play or main character in a drama 784 Page right on the book - Recto
- Protagonist 785 Too much official formality - Red tapism
753 Person who receives help or 786 Asking everyone for an opinion
encouragement - Protégé - Referendum
754 Code of diplomatic etiquette and 787 An institution for reforming young
precedence - Protocol offenders - Reformatory
755 Systematic study of election trends 788 A comment often repeated - Refrain
- Psephology 789 Murder of king - Regicide
756 Name taken by an author - Pseudonym 790 Make somebody younger and energetic
757 One who has strong mental power - Rejuvenate
- Psychic 791 To fall back into previous situation/ the fact
758 A person commits anti-social acts without of becoming sick or ill again - Relapse
sense of guilt - Psychopath 792 To give somebody a lower or less
759 A severe mental disease - Psychosis important position - Relegate
760 Inclined to fight or aggressive - Pugnacity 793 Send back a criminal into custody for
761 To be full of excitement and energy further investigation - Remand
- Pulsate 794 Recall past or events or experiences
762 Same word but have different meaning - Reminisce
- Pun 795 Pardon or forgiveness of sins by god
763 Particular point of good conduct ceremony - Remission
honour - Punctilio 796 Place fixed for meeting or secret meeting
764 Very careful to behave correctly or to - Rendezvous
perform his duties exactly - Punctilious 797 One who changes his religion - Renegade
765 Neither early nor late - Punctual 798 Witty clever retort - Repartee
766 A medicine meant to clear body of harmful 799 To send back a person to his own country
substance - Purgative - Repatriate
767 Art of making fireworks - Pyrotechnique 800 In direct of remote effect of something
768 Animal with four foot (cow) - Quadruped which is going to happen in near future
769 Confinement to one place to avoid spread - Repercussion
of infection - Quarantine
801 Exact copy of something - Replica 832 One who doubts about the facts and
802 A condition of rest and feeling calm statements (skeptic) - Sceptic
- Repose 833 Cry in shrill voice - Screech
803 Paying back injury with injury - Reprisal 834 A confused struggle of fight - Scrimmage
804 Egg laying animals that creep and crawls 835 One who lives cheaply and spends little
- Reptiles - Scrimp
805 Prayer for the dead - Requiem 836 Book or writing on a religious matter
806 A place for improving one’s health - Resort - Scriptures
807 Time of relief or rest - Respite 837 A place to wash dishes - Scullery
808 To take against who harmed you 838 One who makes figures from stones
- Retaliate - Sculpture
809 Habitually silent or shy talking little 839 Practice of using abuse - Scurrility
- Reticent 840 A government in which all religions are
810 A lady’s handbag - Reticule honoured - Secular
811 Group of attendants - Retinue 841 Word of speech that encourage people to
812 To take one’s step back - Retrace oppose government (insurrection)
813 A sound intended to wake up soldiers - Sedition
- Reveille 842 One who tells what will happen in future
814 The art of elegant style of writing - Seer
- Rhetoric 843 Part cut off from something - Segment
815 Something that is done regularly and 844 A instrument for detecting earthquake
always like religious rites - Ritual - Seismograph
816 Person who delivers goods in a particular 845 Suffering from bodily or mental weakness
area (field boy) - Rounds man because of old age - Senile
817 Cud chewing animals - Ruminant 846 Behave in a confused way because of
818 A closed plastic or paper package contain extremely old age - Senility
very small amount - Sachet 847 Smash into pieces - Shatter
819 The act of offering something to god 848 A case in which sword is kept - Sheath
- Sacrifice 849 Period of rest or sleep taken in the early
820 Violating the sanctity of a church afternoon - Siesta
- Sacrilege 850 Happening or done at the same time
821 Enjoy by giving pain or sufferings to others - Simultaneous
(masochism) - Sadism 851 An office with high salary but no work
822 One who helps others Good - Samaritan - Sinecure
823 A place for the treatment of lasting illness 852 Killing of large number of people
or a place for convalescent people - Slaughter
- Sanatorium 853 That which cannot be captured - Slippery
824 Area where wild birds and animals are 854 The dead skin of snake - Slough
protected/ a holy building - Sanctuary 855 To kill someone by putting something at
825 A very private place - Sanctum one’s face/kill by suffocation - Smother
826 Bitter and ironic remark - Sarcasm 856 A person who imports or exports goods
827 A piece of writing intended to mock at into or from a country secretly because
something - Satire they are illegal - Smuggler
828 In a state of aggression - Savage 857 Short stay at a place - Sojourn
829 Person who saves somebody from sins 858 Legal advisor - Solicitor
- Savior 859 Being very concerned for somebody
830 Place on which criminals are executed (attentive) - Solicitous
- Scaffold 860 Talking to oneself - Soliloquy
831 One who constantly falls in trouble (fall 861 Musical performance by a single person
guy) - Scapegoat - Solo
862 One who walks while sleeping 890 Short walk for pleasure - Stroll
- Somnambulist 891 Unable to take decision because of drink
863 One who talks while sleeping - Stupor
- Somniloquist 892 To bring something under control by using
864 A poem of fourteen lines - Sonnet force - Subdue
865 Having a full pleasant deep sound 893 Defeat and take under control - Subjugate
- Sonorous 894 Put under the surface of water - Submerge
866 Highly developed and mature 895 An order requiring a person to attend a
- Sophisticated court - Subpoena
867 A drug or other substance that induces 896 Serve as a means in helping purpose
sleep - Soporific - Subserve
868 A singer with a high pitched voice 897 Income just sufficient to live on
- Soprano - Subsistence
869 Killing of one’s sister - Sororicide 898 A trick or dishonest way to get what one
870 A club or institution only for women want - Subterfuge
- Sorority 899 Not very notice able or obvious - Subtle
871 One who is habitual drunker - Sot/toper 900 Coming of events in series - Succession
872 Something that reminds an event 901 Following immediately one after the other
- Souvenir (consecutive) - Successive
873 Something that looks reasonable but 902 Murder of self - Suicide
actually is not - Specious 903 A company that wants to buy another
874 Study of exploration of caves company/ a man who wants to marry
- Spelaeology particular woman - Suitor
875 One who spends money extravagantly 904 Legal notice to appear in a court
- Spendthrift - Summon
876 An older woman who is not married 905 Various not important enough person or
- Spinster article - Sundry
877 Believe in the spirits - Spiritualism 906 Showing contemptuous indifference
878 Happening occasionally of time to time - Supercilious
- Sporadic 907 Notion that is not based on reason, fact
879 Building for keeping and feeding horse/ and science - Superstition
(stable = firm and fixed) - Stable 908 Soft and easily moveable without crack
880 A sudden rush of frighten of people or - Supple
animal - Stampede 909 One who prays earnestly for something
881 Natural height of a person’s body - Supplicant
- Stature 910 Stealthily done - Surreptitious
882 Written law passed by the law making 911 Slap with a flat object - Swaat
body - Statute 912 A person’s last utterance - Swansong
883 One who loads and uploads ships 913 A large group of bees - Swarm
- Stevedore 914 Person try to win a favour by flattering
884 A person whose job is to serve passenger - Sycophant
at the ships or train etc. - Steward 915 Conference for discussion on a subject
885 Something that incites to action or - Symposium
quickened action - Stimulus 916 A place of worship of the Jews
886 Indifference in pain and pleasure - Stoic - Synagogue
887 One who hides away on ship to run away 917 Words which have the same meaning
for free passage - Stowaway - Synonyms
888 Murder someone by pressing one’s throat 918 Ornamental cloths for covering furniture
- Strangle - Tapestry
889 A dishonest plan to get things done 919 The act of preserving skin - Taxidermy
- Stratagem
920 A person who abstain from any toxicant 951 Present in all places and at all times
- Teetotaler - Ubiquitous
921 Instrument for viewing object that are far 952 That cannot be altered (irrevocable)
and at distant place - Telescope - Unalterable
922 A climate that is neither extreme hot or 953 Everyone has the same opinion
cold - Temperate - Unanimous
923 Concerned with time or world - Temporal 954 Having one clear meaning or idea
924 Period of holding and office - Tenure - Unequivocal
925 Land under one rule or government 955 Dress and same in form quality etc.
- Territory - Uniform
926 One who believes in God - Theist 956 Done by one member of a group
927 Government by divine laws - Theocracy - Unilateral
928 Marriage of gods - Theogamy 957 That which cannot be understood
929 The study of religion or beliefs - Theology - Unintelligible
930 Study of god through mysticism 958 Belong to all - Universal
- Theosophy 959 Someone who loans money on high
931 A girl who lives like boy - Tom boy interests - Usurer
932 Something that is poisonous - Toxic 960 A person who seizes somebody’s property
933 Change in shape appearance and quality - Usurper
- Transformation 961 An imaginary ideal state - Utopia
934 One who broke the law - Transgressor 962 Connected with a wife - Uxorial
935 That which last for a short time 963 Killing of one’s wife - Uxoricide
- Transitory/momentary 964 one who is fond of his wife - Uxorious
936 That through which light can partly pass 965 Suggesting absence of thought or intellect
- Translucent - Vacuous
937 Belief that human soul pass from one body 966 A person who lives a wandering life
to another after death - Transmigration - Vagabond
938 To change completely especially an a 967 A sick or weak person, especially one who
magical way - Transmogrify is constantly concerned about his health
939 Drawing on transparent paper - Valetudinarian
- Transparency 968 Person who willingly or ignorantly destroy
940 Allowing you to see through it/ easily something beautiful - Vandal
understandable/ That through which light 969 Disappear suddenly from the sight
can pass - Transparent - Vanish
941 film or lecture about travels - Travelogue 970 Somebody who doesn’t eat meat or fish
942 Long hard journey especially on foot - Trek etc. (fruitarian) - Vegetarian
943 One who enters someone’s land without 971 A track design for cycling - Velodrome
permission - Trespassers 972 A bitter enmity in which people are
944 Stream flowing into another big river murdered to take revenge (feud)
- Tributary - Vendetta
945 A group of artists - Troupe 973 A pardonable offense - Venial
946 A bride’s outfit - Trousseau 974 The art of speaking without moving your
947 One who remains absent without lips/ who speaks for a dummy (throw one’s
permission - Truant voice) - Ventriloquist
948 One who changes sides/political parties 975 Word for word repetition - Verbatim
- Turncoat 976 Judgment of a law court (decree) - Verdict
949 A person who is in charge of keys in prison 977 One who possess many talents and can
- Turnkeys perform many activities - Versatile
950 A barrier at the entry at a building 978 Page left on the book - Verso
- Turnstile 979 Somebody who is considerably
experienced in something - Veteran
980 That can be done that is successful/ S. to divulge the venues
capable of developing and surviving The proper sequence should be
independently - Viable (a) PQRS (b) SRPQ
981 That can be conquered (conquerable) (c) QSRP (d) RPQS
- Vincible S1. Ans. (c)
982 Showing a desire for revenge - Vindictive
Sol.
983 Break an agreement law and promise
- Violate Q2.
984 girl who has not experienced sex - Virgin P. that he already has
985 Highly poisonous/ dangerous and have a Q. buying things
negative effect - Virulent R. the rich man
986 A container for keeping live animals S. goes on
- Vivarium The proper sequence should be
987 Who produce babies, not eggs (a) PSQR (b) RSQP
- Viviparous (c) SQRP (d) RPQS
988 Practice of doing an experiment on live S2. Ans. (b)
animals - Vivisection
Sol.
989 Complete change in opinion or plan
- Volte- face Q3.
990 One who works without payment/ free P. the police commissioner rushed
- Volunteer Q. the crowd
991 A person who enjoys physical pleasure a lot R. to control
- Voluptuary S. the police force
992 One who is eager for knowledge or reads a The proper sequence should be
lot - Voracious (a) QRSP (b) PQRS
993 Journey by the sea - Voyage (c) PSRQ (d) RSPQ
994 Week and hurt easily physically and S3. Ans. (c)
emotionally - Vulnerable
Sol.
995 An unexpected piece of sudden success
- Windfall Q4.
996 A jocular person - Wag P. my brother
997 A thin and homeless child - Waif Q. to attend his friend's wedding
998 A walk of king among common people to R. is going to Chennai
meet - Walkabout S. tomorrow
999 Good for health/ morally good The proper sequence should be
- Wholesome (a) PSQR (b) QPSR
1000 Person whose wife is dead (c) RQPS (d) PRSQ
- Widower S4. Ans. (d)
Sol.
Directions (1-20): In each of the items in this Q5.
section there is a sentence of which some parts P. quickly
have been jumbled up. You are required to Q. he gave orders
rearrange these parts which are labelled P, Q, R. to catch the thief
R and S, to produce the correct sentence. S. to his men
Choose the correct sequence and mark in your The proper sequence should be
Answer sheet accordingly. (a) SPRQ (b) QSRP
Q1. (c) PSRQ (d) RSPQ
P. that it would affect the investigation process S5. Ans. (b)
Q. they refused Sol.
R. of these raids saying
Q6. Animals The correct sequence should be
P. are able to measure (a) RQSP (b) PSQR
Q. the passing of the seasons (c) RSPQ (d) PQSR
R. changes in day-length S10. Ans. (b)
S. by recognizing Sol.
The correct sequence should be Q11.
(a) PQSR (b) SQPR P. have become integral to most people’s lives
(c) PSRQ (d) SRPQ Q. debate for year as the devices
S6. Ans. (a) R. have drawn intense interest and
Sol. S. safety questions about cell phones
Q7. Many people The correct sequence should be
P. inaudible to others (a) PQRS (b) RSPQ
Q. in the ears or head (c) SPQR (d) SRQP
R. suffer persistent noises S11. Ans. (d)
S. with hearing problems Sol.
The correct sequence should be Q12.
(a) RQSP (b) PSQR P. by means of educations
(c) SRQP (d) RSQP Q. civilization to bring about
S7. Ans. (c) R. it is difficult in modern
Sol. S. an integrated individual
Q8. Researchers The correct sequence should be
P. found that allergic reactions are brought (a) RQSP (b) RSPQ
about (c) SPQR (d) QPRS
Q. in the bloodstream S12. Ans. (a)
R. in the 1940s Sol.
S. by the liberation of small quantities of Q13.
substance called histamine P. is that it is not professional enough
The correct sequence should be Q. have not done their home work
(a) RPSQ (b) QRPS R. a valid criticism of the profession of politics
(c) RQSP (d) PSQR in India
S8. Ans. (a) S. as the majority of its practitioners
Sol. The correct sequence should be
Q9. Attempts at transplanting other organs (a) RSPQ (b) RPSQ
P. but that which most caught the public fancy (c) SPQR (d) PQRS
Q. was the heart transplant S13. Ans. (b)
R. such as the lungs or the liver Sol.
S. have been made Q14.
The correct sequence should be P. that suit partisan political objectives
(a) SRQP (b) RSPQ Q. when great historical figures are
(c) RPSQ (d) QRPS appropriated
S9. Ans. (b) R. we are living in a time
Sol. S. and reduced into stereotypes
Q10. The correct sequence should be
P. sports cars (a) RQPS (b) RQSP
Q. appeal (c) SQRP (d) PRQS
R. to some motorists only S14. Ans. (b)
S. with noisy exhausts Sol.
Q15. Q18. The dentist
P. it is in this context that P. with a severe tooth-ache
Q. and prosperity must be viewed Q. when he was brought to hospital
R. the role of agriculture R. extracted Manish's tooth
S. as a provider of jobs S. and relieved his pain
The correct sequence should be The correct sequence should be
(a) PQRS (b) RSPQ (a) PQRS (b) QPRS
(c) PRSQ (d) RSQP (c) RSPQ (d) RAPS
S15. Ans. (c) S18. Ans. (d)
Sol. Sol.
Q16. My unmarried aunt Q19. The actress
P. is creating a lot of problems for us P. has been selected
Q. who stays with us Q. as the best heroine
R. because of her interfering nature in our R. who is the daughter of a famous male singer
personal lives S. of the year
S. and there is a misunderstanding among The correct sequence should be
family members (a) RPQS (b) QPSR
The correct sequence should be (c) RSPQ (d) QSRP
(a) QSRP (b) QPSR S19. Ans. (a)
(c) PQSR (d) SPQR Sol.
S16. Ans. (b) Q20. Last summer
Sol. P. everyday
Q17. No criminal proceeding Q. kept pestering a pretty girl
P. in any Court during his term of office R. one persistent admirer
Q. whatsoever shall be initiated S. with phone calls
R. or continued against the President The correct sequence should be
S. or a Governor (a) QRSP (b) RSQP
The correct sequence should be (c) RQSP (d) PQRS
(a) QRSP (b) PQRS S20. Ans. (c)
(c) QPSR (d) SQPR Sol.
S17. Ans. (a)
Sol.
 Short
Directions: In the section each item consists of (C) SRPQ (D) SPQR
six sentences of a passage. The first and sixth Answer. (A) RPQS
sentences are given as S1 and S6. The middle 4.
four sentences in each have been jumbled up (S1) When Ali Baba returned he called his wife
and labelled P, Q, R, and S. You are required to (P) She said to him, “Have you stolen them?”
find the proper sequence of the four sentences (Q) He said, “I have bought you some jewels”.
and mark your response accordingly. (R) She said, “Our days of misery are now at an
1. end”.
(S1) The traveller said, “Can you tell me the (S) He said, “Be quiet and do not frighten
way to the nearest inn?” yourself”.
(P) “Do you want one in which you can spend (S6) He said, “Go to your brother’s house and
the night?” get a measure”.
(Q) “Yes”, said the peasant. (A) QSRP (B) SRPQ
(R) “Go right down the road and turn to the (C) PSRQ (D) QPSR
left.” Answer. (D) QPSR
(S) “Yes”, replied the traveller. 5.
(S6) “thank a lot.” (S1) The head of the family returned home
(A) PSRQ (B) QPSR from office.
(C) SPQR (D) QSRP (P) “Wife told that there was no coffee
Answer: (B) QPSR powder.”
2. (Q) “Wife again told that there was no milk
(S1) When she got to her house, there was either.”
nothing to retrieve. (R) “Husband wanted atleast a cup of tea.”
(P) “All valuables were smashed or stolen” (S) “He wanted a cup of coffee.”
(Q) “The curtains were burned; books were (S6) Husband told finally that a glass of water
ripped to shreds” was enough.
(R) “Her medals and trophies had been flung (A) SQRP (B) SPRQ
everywhere” (C) QSRP (D) RPSQ
(S) “The house had been completely ransacked” Answer. (B) SPRQ
(S6) “Mrs M stood in the centre of her 6.
bedroom looking at a ruined copy of the Koran (S1) We were taking tea at the Rathna Tea
forcing back her tears” Stall.
(A) PQRS (B) PRQS (P) “We found a tourist bus which had just
(C) SPRQ (D) RSQP rammed into a tamarind tree on the roadside.”
Answer. (a) PQRS (Q) “We rushed out of the tea stall.”
3. (R) “We helped the passengers to get out of the
(S1) No one can deny that peasant forms the bus.”
backbone of the nation. (S) “Suddenly we heard a loud noise followed by
(P) “Hence he is the most useful member of the a cry for help”
society.” (S6) We informed the hospital and also the
(Q) “Yet this fellow is exploited by the rich.” police about accident.
(R) “He grows food for the whole country.” (A) SQPR (B) QSRP
(S) “It is our duty to improve his lot.” (C) PRSQ (D) RSQP
(S6) “We should grant him the social status he Answer. (a) SQPR
deserves.”
(A) RPQS (B) RSPQ
7. (S) “Suddenly a stray dog ran on to the middle
(S1) In our home everyone drinks milk at least of the road.”
once a day. (S6) The dog wailed for a long time.
(P) “All these we owe to our milkman.” The correct sequence should be
(Q) “We, the children get milk twice a day.” (A) S P R Q (B) S R P Q
(R) “He says, he is 18, but he is not sure.” (C) R P Q S (D) P R S Q
(S) “We also eat curd and enjoy buttermilk.” Answer. (B) SRPQ
(S6) Probably he needs more milk than we.
(A) SRPQ (B) QSPR
Medium
(C) PRQS (D) PSRQ
1.
Answer. (B) QSPR
(S1) Even the smallest insect of the living world
8.
is made up of a large number of cells.
(S1) The king of the oilfield is the driller.
(P) “Furthermore, the cells in these small
(P) “During the process of drilling, gas and oil
creatures widely differ in their structure and
may be met.”
function.”
(Q) “He is a very skilled man.”
(Q) “An ant, or a gnat, for example is composed
(R) “If this rushes out and catches fire it is
of hundreds of thou-sands of cells.”
dangerous.”
(R) “Even a mite has cells making up its skeletal
(S) “Sometimes he sends his drill more than a
structure.”
mile.”
(S) “It also has cells dedicated to digestive and
(S6) This danger is well-known and steps are
reproductive functions.”
taken to prevent it.
(S6) The cell system of small organisms is
(A) PQRS (B) QSPR
microscopic but marvellous, isn't it?
(C) QPRS (D) QSRP
(A) SRQP (B) QRSP
Answer. (B) QSPR
(C) SQPR (D) QPRS
9.
Answer. (D) QPRS
(S1) One fine morning, I heard a sound of fire
2.
engines with loud alarm bells.
(S1) Advocates of space programme argue for
(P) “I thought, perhaps a house was on fire.”
spending huge amounts of money on exploring
(Q) “They were regulating the crowd.”
Mars.
(R) “The policemen were standing around a big
(P) “But there is no firm evidence of any
house.”
valuable mineral that can be extracted from
(S) “I immediately rushed out to see what was
Mars & transported to Earth.”
happening.”
(Q) “Worst, nobody has any idea what
(S6) It was a terrible scene, as huge flames of
undesirable microbes or poisonous materials
fire were coming out of the house.
we will be importing from Mars.”
The proper sequence should be
(R) “They are also unrealistic about the cost of
(A) P Q R S (B) R S Q P
transportation that will be involved in
(C) S R P Q (D) P S R Q
interplanetary movement of men and
Answer. (D) PSRQ
materials.”
10.
(S) “These enthusiasts argue that Mars could be
(S1) The bus sped along the road.
a perennial source of materials for us
(P) “But the bus could stop only after covering a
earthlings.
few yards.”
(S6) Our race to Mars is likely to be a wild
(Q) “It injured the dog in the leg.”
goose chase.”
(R) “The driver applied the brake.”
(A) SPRQ (B) QPRS (R) “Soon he had invented an instrument which
(C) PRSQ (D) SRQP marked the rate of pulse-beats.”
Answer. (A) SPRQ (S) “Then the clock makers began to use the
3. pendulum to keep time.”
(S1) Oliver dozed off again and it has been (S6) Today it has many other uses.
bright day for hours when Oliver opened his (A) PQRS (B) QRPS
eyes. (C) SPQR (D) RPQS
(P) “He belonged to the world again.” Answer. (D) PRQS
(Q) “In three day’s time, he was able to sit in any 6.
easy chair, well propped up with pillows, and he (S1) Phobic reactions are strong, irrational
was still too weak to walk.” fears of specific objects or situations
(R) “He felt cheerful and happy.” (P) “But there is no objective danger”
(S) “The crisis of the disease was safely past” (Q) “For example, when a person is extremely
(S6) Mrs. Beduin had him carried downstairs fearful of birds, snakes, heights or closed places,
into the little housekeeper’s room which the label phobia is applied to the person’s fear
belonged to her. and avoidance”
(A) PQRS (B) RSPQ (R) “He usually recognizes that his fear is
(C) QRSP (D) SPQR irrational”
Answer. (C) QRSP (S) “A person suffering from phobic neurosis
4. knows what he is afraid of”
(S1) Priya went to the first counter at the post (S6) But he cannot control it.
office as she needed stamps for six rupees. (A) QPSR (B) SRQP
(P) “She was shown the corner where gum (C) SQPR (D) RSQP
bottle was kept.” Ans. (A) QPSR
(Q) “The woman behind the counter said it was 7.
registration counter and directed her to the last (S1) In this life there are no gains without
counter.” pains,
R. “She was looking for gum to affix the stamps (P) “No victory is a real triumph unless the foe
on the envelope.” is worthy”
S. “She thanked the lady and came to the (Q) “Life, indeed, would be dull if there were no
counter on the left extreme and got the difficulties”
stamps.” (R) “Both winner and loser enjoy a game most if
(S6) She went to the corner, took two drops of it is closely contested to the last”
gum, affixed the stamps and put the letter in (S) “Gainers lose their zest if there is no real
the post box. struggle”
(A) PSRQ (B) RPQS (S6) Whether we like it or not, life is one
(C) SQPR (D) QSRP continuous competition.
Answer. (D) QSRP (A) PQRS (B) QSRP
5. (C) QRSP (D) RSPQ
(S1) When Galileo went home, he began to Answer. (C) QRSP
experiment with the pendulum. 8.
(P) “When he showed it to his teachers, they (S1) ‘Acu’ means needles in Latin.
were delighted.” (P) The needles stimulates specific nerves that
(Q) “It was not long before physicians were all transmit electrical impulses via the spinal cord
using the instrument to count the heart–beats and brain to the affected area.
of their patients.”
(Q) Quite appropriately, then, acupuncture (A) QRSP (B) RSPQ
consists of inserting very fine needles at specific (C) PQRS (D) SRQP
points on the skin located near nerve endings. Answer. (D) SRQP
(R) Acupuncture also stimulates the release of 11.
chemical substances from the brain centres and (S1) Ramani is a student of medicine.
pitulary glands. (P) “The hopes of millions of cancer patients
(S) These are connected to one another by lines and doctors rest on his research.”
called channels or meridians. (Q) “But, of late he has become a drug addict.”
(S6) Known as endorphins and encephalins, (R) “He is doing research in cancer.”
which are released and carried across the (S) “He has already done very useful work in this
blood stream, these chemicals are the body’s field and is hopeful of finding a solution to this
own pain–relief mechanism. disease.”
(A) SPRQ (B) RSQP (S6) This addiction has been increasing day by
(C) PQRS (D) QSPR day and has started affecting his work.
Answer. (D) QSPR (A) QPSR (B) RSPQ
9. (C) SRPQ (D) RSQP
(S1) Most people are afraid of snakes. Answer. (B) RSPQ
(P) “There may, be some truth in this theory, 12.
because Monkeys have a deep, instinctive fear (S1) We do not know whether the machines
of pythons and other tree snakes.” are the masters or we are.
(Q) “But this fear is as irrational as the fear of (P) “They must be given or rather ‘fed’ with coal
ghosts.” and given petrol to drink from time to time.”
(R) “Any way, snakes have been feared and (Q) “Already man spends most of his time
hated for thousands of years.” looking after and waiting upon them.”
(S) “The fear of snakes, according to some (R) “Yet we have grown so dependent on them
biologists, may be an instinct passed on to us by that they have almost become the masters
our ancestors.” now.”
(S6) In the literature of many countries the (S) “It is very true that they were made for the
snake is regarded as a symbol of evil. sole purpose of being man’s servants.”
(A) PQRS (B) QPSR (S6) And if they don’t get their meals when
(C) RQSP (D) QSPR they expect them, they will just refuse to work.
Answer. (D) QSPR (A) RSQP (B) RSPQ
10. (C) SPQR (D) SRQP
(S1) Freedom is first of all a personal matter. Answer. (D) SRQP
(P) “A man who will not submit to the discipline
of his chosen occupation is not free to be a Long
great surgeon, an engineer, or a golfer or an 1.
executive.” (S1) It’s only in the last three years that we
(Q) “Life imposes a drastic discipline on all living have seen the rebirth of T.B.
things, including human beings.” (P) “What bothers experts is the emergence of
(R) “We are free to eat poison or jump off a tall particularly patent strains of the T.B. bacteria
building, but not to escape the consequences.” that are resistent to two or more anti T.B.
(S) “We are bound by the laws of cause and drugs.”
effect.” (Q) “This is compounded by the fact that the
(S6) Nature, morever, binds the arbitrary limits symptoms disappear in about two months.”
of mind and body; we are not free to do, by (R) “Three or four anti-T.B. drugs are available
whatever effort, what is beyond our capacity. at no cost in Government clinics.”
(S) “Yet, the long period of treatment leads to a although it may be significant in terms of
high rate of non-compliance with the morale.
treatment.” A. P Q R S B. P Q S R
(S6) In such cases, a relapse occurs and the C. R S Q P D. Q P R S
bacteria appear in more virulent and drug- Answer. (B) PQSR
resistant. 4.
(A) PQRS (B) SRQP (S1) It is doubtful if mankind, through out his
(C) QPRS (D) RSPQ long history, has ever lived at all ‘sustainably’.
Answer. (D) RSPQ (P) “But in general mankind has regarded the
2. environment as an endless ‘resource’ to be
(S1) The dead do sometimes tell tales, if you exploited and plundered.”
know how to look for them. (Q) “May be a few isolated tribal groups found
(P) “The flesh of bomb victims is shredded and the necessary balance with nature lived without
may be sieged by chemicals.” the desire for endless ‘more’.”
(Q) “In the autopsy rooms of the Suffolk (R) “Now we have reached a point where we are
country; the medical examiner and his team on the verge of destroying ourselves and most
were looking for clues that could explain how of the life on earth.”
the passengers of TWA Flight 800 died.” (S) “This process has accelerated greatly since
(R) “But most of the corpses he examined had the industrial revolution.”
been killed by the impact of hitting the water (S6) The concept of ‘sustainable’ is so far from
from a height of more than two miles.” reality that it is almost laughable.
(S) “The body of a person killed by a bomb looks A. P Q R S B. Q P S R
different from the body of a victim in an C. P Q S R D. S R Q P
ordinary plane crash.” Answer. (B) QPSR
(S6) The mystery of their deaths will be solved 5.
in time, but it won’t be easy or quick. (S1) Though most of us talk of discipline, what
(A) SRQP (B) PQRS do we mean by that word?
(C) QSPR (D) RSPQ (P) “The teacher would understand each child
Answer. (C) and help him in the way required.”
3. (S1) Equity theory is concerned with the (Q) “But if you have five or six in a class, and an
perception people have about how they are intelligent understanding teacher with a warm
being treated compared with others. heart, I am sure there would be no need for
(P) “To be dealt with equitably is to be treated discipline.”
fairly in comparison with another group of (R) “When you have a hundred boys in a class,
people or a relevant other person.” you will have to have discipline; otherwise there
(Q) “Equity involves feelings and perceptions will be complete chaos.”
and is always a comparative process.” (S) “Discipline in schools becomes necessary
(R) “Equity theory states, in effect, that people when there is one teacher to a hundred boys
will be better motivated if they are treated and girls.”
equitably and demotivated if they are treated (S6) And most of us are interested in mass
inequitably.” movements, large schools with a great many
(S) “It is not synonymous with equality, which boys and girls; we are not interested in
means treating everyone the same, since this creative intelligence, therefore we put up huge
would be inequitable if they deserve to be schools with enormous attendances.
treated differently.” A. Q R S P B. S R Q P
(S6) This explains only one aspect of the C. Q S R P D. R Q P S
process of motivation and job satisfaction, Answer. (D) RQPS
6. 8.
(S1) Truth is far more important than the (S1) Mass production has increased the
teacher. tendency to view things as useful rather than
(P) “Without self-knowledge, the air-plane delightful.
becomes the most destructive instrument in (P) “These various things share nothing with the
life; but with self-knowledge, it is a means of buttons except money value.”
human help.” (Q) “All the rest you wish to exchange for food,
(Q) “Wisdom begins with self-knowledge; and shelter, and many other things.”
without self-knowledge, more information (R) “Suppose you are a manufacturer of
leads to destruction.” buttons: however excellent your buttons may
(R) “In other words, you have to be the perfect be, you do not want more than a few for your
teacher to create a new society; and to bring own use.”
the perfect teacher into being, you have to (S) “And it is not even the money value of the
understand yourself.” buttons that is important to you: what is
(S) “Therefore you, who are the seeker of truth, important is profit which may be increased by
have to be both the pupil and the teacher.” lowering their quality.”
(S6) So a teacher must obviously be one who is (S6) Indeed a lowering of quality usually
not within the clutches of society, who does results when mass production is substituted
not play power politics or seeks position or for more primitive methods.
authority. The correct sequence should be
A. Q R S P B. S R Q P A. P Q R S B. R Q P S
C. Q S R P D. R Q S P C. S P Q R D. Q R P S
Answer. (B) SRQP Answer. (B) RQPS
7. 9.
(S1) The giant wall of the Dhauladhar range in (S1) Union finance ministry announced a series
Himachal Pradesh is one of the most stunning of concessions to trade and industry last
sights in the Himalayas. month.
(P) “As the life line of the region it acts as a (P) Together, these will result in a loss of
watershed ridge between Chamba’s Ravi river revenue of Rs. 100 crore to the exchequer.
system and Kangra’s Beas river system.” (Q) Earlier, these were attracting customs duty
(Q) “Although of modest altitude compared to varying from zero to 100 per cent.
other Himalayan ranges – the highest (R) The chunk of the relief of Rs. 60 crore has
Dhauladhar peak is less than 5,000 m.” gone to the electronics industry.
(R) “Thus, the Dhauladhar could be stated as (S) Raw materials and piece parts now carry
the life line of the region.” customs duty of 30 per cent and 40 per cent ad
(S) “Despite of that, the range sweeps up an valorem respectively.
astounding 12,000 ft. from the valley floor, (S6) Manufacturers "feel that prices of certain
creating a barrier wall in that is striking to look components may not be brought down
at.” because of the imposition of a 30 per cent duty
(S6) Looming over the hill stations of where there was none earlier.
Dharmsala and McLeodganj, the Dhauladhar is The correct sequence should be
a popular trekking destination. A. R S Q P B. P R S Q
A. Q R P S B. S P Q R C. S Q P R D.Q P R S
C. Q S R P D. R Q S P Answer. (C) SQPR
Answer. (C) QSRP
10. 1. (a) about (b) from
(S1) It would be possible to adduce many (c) to (d) in
examples showing what could be done with Ans. (a)
the limited means' at our ancestor’s disposal in 2. (a) attack (b) tackled
the way of making life comfortable. (c) avoided (d) preoccupied
(P) “What have comfort and cleanliness to do Ans. (b)
with politics, morals, and religion?” 3. (a) precedence (b) seniority
(Q) “But look more closely and you will discover (c) priority (d) importance
that there exists the closest connection Ans. (c)
between the recent growth of comfort and the 4. (a) appropriated (b) devoted
recent history of ideas.” (c) kept (d) refused
(R) “They show that if they lived in filth and Ans. (a)
discomfort, it was because filth and discomfort 5. (a) unleashed (b) egged on
fitted in with their principles, political, moral (c) liberated (d) moderated
and religious.” Ans. (d)
(S) “At a first glance one would say that there 6. (a) rebuke (b) apologize
could be no causal connection between arm (c) churn (d) fight
chairs and democracies, sofas and the family Ans. (c)
system, hot baths and religious orthodoxy.” 7. (a) rejected (b) used
(S6) I hope, in this essay, to make that (c) pitched (d) conformed
connection manifest. Ans. (c)
The correct sequence should be 8. (a) mandatory (b) indisposed
A. P R Q S B. R P S Q (c) needful (d) complete
C. Q S R P D. Q S P R Ans. (a)
Answer. (C) QSRP 9. (a) facile (b) complicated
(c) mixed (d) any
Directions (1-10): Select appropriate filler for Ans. (b)
the blank given in the passage. 10. (a) claimed (b) repudiated
If the IRDA is serious ¬__ (1) __ policyholder (c) underwritten (d) offered
protection, there are other areas to be __ (2) Ans. (b)
__ on a __ (3) __ too. Traditional insurance Answer Keys
plans have one of the highest cost structures Ans 1. (a) Ans 2. (b) Ans 3. (c)
among financial products, with 15 to 40 per Ans 4. (a) Ans 5. (d) Ans 6. (c)
cent of the first-year premium __ (4) __ as agent Ans 7. (c) Ans 8. (a) Ans 9. (b)
fees. This needs to be __ (5) __ and the front- Ans 10. (b)
ending of fees, which incentivises agents to __
(6) __ customers, stopped. For products __ (7) Directions (1-10): In the following passage,
__ as investment plans, simple and some of the words have been left out, each of
standardised disclosures on investment which is indicated by a number. Find the
patterns and charges must be made __ (8) __, suitable word from the options given against
without needlessly __ (9) __ clauses on fund each number and fill up the blanks with
value, sum assured, bonuses and death appropriate words to make the paragraph
benefits. The IRDA must also continue to meaningful.
pressure the industry to improve its claims
settlement record. In 2013-14, private life Google introduced the __ (1) __ version of its
insurers __ (10) __ 14.5 per cent of claims, with media-streaming device Chromecast, over a
the ratio for some as high as 25-30 per cent. year after the device was first __ (2) __ in India.
The tech giant also launched the new whichever word or group of words you
Chromecast Audio that was first __ (3) __ last consider most appropriate for the blank space
year. Both the devices have been priced __ (4) and indicate your response on the Answer
__ Rs 3,399. Chromecast, which is available in Sheet accordingly.
31 countries and has __ (5) __ 20 million users
globally, enable users to stream any content, Comprehension - I
including games and video from their mobile The founders of the Indian Republic __1__ the
phone to television. Using Wi-Fi network. farsightedness and the courage to commit
Likewise, Chromecast Audio allows users to __2__. to two major innovations of historical
stream audio from __ (6) __ smartphone, significance in nation-building and social
including music applications, on to any speaker. engineering: first to __3__ a democratic and
The company did not __ (7) __ number of civil. __4__. society among illiterate people
Chromecast users in India. __ (8) __ the devices and, second, to undertake economic
will be made __ (9) __ through marketplaces development __5__ democratic political
like Flipkart, Snapdeal and Paytm as well as structure. Hitherto, in all societies in which an
retailers like Reliance and Croma and will come economic takeoff or an early industrial and
bundles with six months __ (10) __ free agricultural __6__ had occurred, effective
subscription for Hooq and Saavn. democracy, especially from the working people,
1. (a) Latest (b) Last had been extremely limited. On the other hand,
(c) Former (d) Foremost __7__ beginning. India was committed to
2. (a) Established (b) Instigated __8__democratic and civil libertarian political
(c) Founded (d) Introduced order and a representative system of
3. (a) Unveiled (b) Broadcasted government __9__ on free and fair elections to
(c) Published (d) Displayed be conducted on the basis of universal adult
4. (a) on (b)in franchise.
(c) of (d) at 1. (a) had (b) has
5. (a) along (b) between (c) has had (d) were
(c) about (d) on 2. (a) them (b) themselves
6. (a) there (b) his (c) the people (d) the course
(c) their (d) its 3. (a) build (b) building
7. (a) disclose (b) exhibit (c) constructing (d) built
(c) show (d) revealed 4. (a) libertarian (b) liberation
8. (a) Either (b)Any (c) liberating (d) liberty
(c) All (d) Both 5. (a) with a (b) within a
9. (a) Accessible (b) Present (c) for the (d) without a
(c) Convenient (d) Available 6. (a) breakthrough (b) breakout
10. (a) with (b) of (c) breaking (d) investment
(c) in (d) by 7. (a) with the (b) from
Answer Keys (c) within (d) for
1. Ans. (a) 2. Ans. (d) 3. Ans. (a) 8. (a) few (b) some
4. Ans. (d) 5. Ans. (c) 6. Ans. (c) (c) a (d) an
7. Ans. (a) 8. Ans. (d) 9. Ans. (d) 9. (a) basing (b) basis of
10. Ans. (b) (c) based (d) function
Answer Keys
Directions: Each of the following passages in 1. Ans. (a) 2. Ans. (b) 3. Ans. (a)
this section has some blank spaces with four 4. Ans. (a) 5. Ans. (b) 6. Ans. (a)
words or groups of words given. Select 7. Ans. (b) 8. Ans. (c) 9. Ans. (c)
Directions: Each of the following passages in (c) of (d) between
this section has some blank spaces with four Ans. d
words or groups of words given. Select 7. (a) for (b) to
whichever word or group of words you (c) with (d) in
consider most appropriate for the blank space Ans. a
and indicate your response on the Answer 8. (a) the (b) a
Sheet accordingly. (c) live (d) dead
Ans. a
Ecology, in a very simple term, is a science that 9. (a) for (b) of
__1__ the interdependent, mutually reactive (c) within (d) in
and interconnected relationships __2__ the Ans. b
organisms and __3__ physical environment on 10. (a) amount (b) focus
the one hand and among the organisms on the (c) share (d) quality
other hand. __4__ the term ‘ecology’ was first Ans. a
coined and used by the German biologist Ernst Answer Keys
Haeckel in 1869, a few conceptual terms __5__ 1. Ans. (?) 2. Ans. (?) 3. Ans. (?)
already proposed to reveal relationships __6__ 4. Ans. (?) 5. Ans. (?) 6. Ans. (?)
organisms and their environment. For example, 7. Ans. (?) 8. Ans. (?) 9. Ans. (?)
French zoologist I. G. Hilaire used the term 10. Ans. (?)
‘ethology’ __7__ the study of the relations of
__8__ organisms within the family and society Directions: Each of the following sentences in
in the aggregate and in the community. British this section has a blank space with four words
naturalist St. George Jackson Mivart proposed or group of words given. Select whichever
the term ‘hexicology’ with regard to the study word or group of words you consider most
of the relations __9__ living creatures to other appropriate for the blank space and indicate
organisms and their environment as regards the your response on the Answer Sheet
nature of the locality they frequent, the accordingly.
temperatures and the __10__ of light which suit
them, and their relations to other organisms as The question whether war is ever justified, and
enemies, rivals, or accidental and involuntary if so under what circumstances, is one which
benefactors. has been forcing itself __1__ the attention of all
1. (a) studies (b) study thoughtful men. On this question I find myself
(c) studying (d) exploring in the somewhat __2__ position of holding that
Ans. a no single one of the combatants is justified in
2. (a) among (b) between the present war, while not taking the extreme
(c) to (d) for Tolstoyan view that war is under all
Ans. b circumstances a __3__ Opinions on such a
3. (a) their (b) its subject as war are the outcome of __4__ rather
(c) theirs (d) all than of thought: given a man’s emotional
Ans. a temperament, his convictions, __5__ on war in
4. (a) Through (b) In spite of general, and on any particular war which may
(c) Though (d) Because occur during his lifetime, can be __6__ with
Ans. c tolerable certainty. The arguments used will be.
5. (a) are (b) were mere reinforcements to convictions otherwise
(c) have been (d) have reached. The fundamental facts in this as in all
Ans. c ethical __7__ are feelings; all that thought can
6. (a) among (b) those do is to clarify and systematize the expression
of those feelings, and it is such fclarifying and harnessed evolution and used it in the __2__
systematizing of my own feelings that I wish to with amazing results. Frances H. Arnold, an
__8__ in the present article. In fact, the American who was given one-half of the prize,
question of rights and wrongs of a particular used ‘directed evolution’ to __3__ variants of
war is generally__9__ from a juridical or quasi- naturally occurring enzymes that could be used
juridical__10_ to__4__ biofuels and pharmaceuticals. The
1. (a) upon (b) on other half went to George P. Smith, also of the
(c) at (d) over U.S., and Sir Gregory P. Winter, from the U.K.,
Ans. a who evolved antibodies to __5__ autoimmune
2. (a) delightful (b) painful diseases and even metastatic cancer through a
(c) pleasant (d) lovely process called phage display.
Ans. b 1. (a) evolution (b) devolution
3. (a) duty (b) obligation (c) revolution (d) involution
(c) responsibility (d) crime Ans. a
Ans. d 2. (a) microscope (b) field
4. (a) feeling (b) sentiment (c) market (d) laboratory
(c) reason (d) patriotism Ans. d
Ans. a 3. (a) inhibit (b) synthesize
5. (a) however (b) as well as (c) hamper (d) hold back
(c) both (d) despite Ans. b
Ans. c 4. (a) constitute (b) sink
6. (a) thought (b) intimated (c) manufacture (d) resolve
(c) suggested (d) held Ans. c
Ans. b 5. (a) combat (b) support
7. (a) questions (b) answers (c) observe (d) invite
(c) statements (d) experiences Ans. a
Ans. a
8. (a) engage (b) praise Directions: Each of the following sentences in
(c) attempt (d) commend this section has a blank space with four words
Ans. c or group of words given. Select whichever
9. (a) considered (b) observed word or group of words you consider most
(c) transferred (d) opined appropriate for the blank space and indicate
Ans. a your response on the Answer Sheet
10. (a) possibility. (b) formula. accordingly.
(c) force. (d) standpoint.
Ans. d One of India’s greatest musicians is M.S.
Subbulakshmi, affectionately known to most
Directions: Each of the following passages in people as M.S. Her singing has brought __1__
this section has some blank spaces with four to millions of people not only __2__ all parts of
words or groups of words given. Select India, but in__3__ around the world as
whichever word or group of words you well__4__ October 1966 Subbulakshmi was
consider most appropriate for the blank space invited to__5__ in New York, where people
and indicate your response on the Answer of__6__ foreign countries listened to her
Sheet accordingly. music__7__ This was one of the greatest __8__
ever given to any musician. For__9__ together
The Nobel Prize for Chemistry this year is a MS. kept that international__10__ spell-bound
tribute to the power of __1__ The laureates
with the beauty of her voice and her style of regain their independence and old __4__ in
singing. 1817. The lead In organizing a united from of
1. (a) sorrow (b) joy the Maratha chiefs was taken by the Peshwa
(c) boredom (d) pain who was smarting under the__5__ control
Ans. b exercised by the British Resident.
2. (a) over (b) on 1. (a) power (b) dignity
(c) in (d) with (c) time (d) patience
Ans. a Ans. a
3. (a) strange countries 2. (a) disappearance (b) empowerment
(b) unknown (c) loss (d) disappointment
(c) other Ans. c
(d) familiar 3. (a) horrible (b) desperate
Ans. c (c) poor (d) strong
4. (a) Within (b) On Ans. b
(c) In (d) By 4. (a) prestige (b) army
Ans. c (c) rebellion (d) infantry
5. (a) dance (b) sing Ans. a
(c) speak (d) enjoy 5. (a) pleasant (b) satisfying
Ans. b (c) rigid (d) orthodox
6. (a) many (b) few Ans. c
(c) backward (d) all
Ans. a Directions: Each of the following sentences in
7. (a) attentively (b) quietly this section has a blank space with four words
(c) indifferently (d) boldly or group of words given. Select whichever
Ans. a word or group of words you consider most
8. (a) awards (b) honours appropriate for the blank space and indicate
(c) prizes (d) recognitions your response on the Answer Sheet
Ans. b accordingly.
9. (a) seconds (b) minutes
(c) hours (d) days This cultural form__1__ from Japan has a name
Ans. c which means whimsical or impromptu pictures.
10. (a) spectator (b) audience It __2__ in existence since the 12th century
(c) viewer (d) businessmen when the first__3__ for this art form was seen.
Ans. b Since the language itself is read from right to
left, the books with __4__ art form follow the
Directions: Each of the following passages in same pattern. __5__ when English translations
this section has some blank spaces with four were made, they flipped the pictures and
words or groups of words given. Select published it. This__6__the purists as it showed
whichever word or group of words you left-handed samurai, who did not exist in the
consider most appropriate for the blank space original book. Hence, nowadays even English
and indicate your response on the Answer translations follow __7__ right to left format.
Sheet accordingly. The name of this art form is Manga.
1. (a) originating (b) originates
The Second Anglo-Maratha War had shattered (c) originated (d) organizing
the __1__ of the Maratha chiefs, but not their Ans. a
spirit. The __2__ of their freedom rankled in 2. (a) had been (b) has been
their hearts. They made a last __3__ attempt to (c) was (d) is
Ans. b 1. (a) difficulty (b) difficult
3. (a) instance (b) incident (c) difference (d) different
(c) accident (d) events Ans. a
Ans. a 2. (a) educated
4. (a) that (b) this (b) to be educated
(c) these (d) which (c) to be educating
Ans. b (d) to educate
5. (a) For (b) Beginning Ans. b
(c) During (d) Initially 3. (a) as quick as possible
Ans. d (b) As quickly as possible
6. (a) enrage (b) enlarged (c) as possible as
(c) engraved (d) enraged (d) quickly
Ans. d Ans. b
7. (a) the (b) a 4. (a) of some kind
(c) some (d) same (b) of same kind
Ans. a (c) of some
(d) of same
Directions: Each of the following passages in Ans. a
this section has some blank spaces with four 5. (a) beast (b) bear
words or groups of words given. Select (c) beastly (d) bare
whichever word or group of words you Ans. d
consider most appropriate for the blank space 6. (a) smiling for (b) smiling to
and indicate your response on the Answer (c) smiling with (d) smiling at
Sheet accordingly. Ans. d
7. (a) until there are
So, the__1__ is that in the present social (b) still there is
structure, discipline has become an important (c) till there was
factor because we want large numbers of (d) till there is
children__2__ together and __3__ Educated to Ans. d
be what? To be bank clerks or super salesmen, 8. (a) had learnt (b) learnt
capitalists or commissars. When you are a (c) have learnt (d) had been learnt
superman __4__ as /or a super governor or a Ans. c
subtle parliamentary debater, what have you
done? You are probably very clever, full of facts. Directions: In this section you have few short
Anybody can pick up facts; but we are human passages. After each passage, you will find
beings, not factual machines, not __5__ routine some items based on the passage. First, read a
automatons. But again, sirs, you are not passage and answer the items based on it, You
interested. You are listening to me and __6__ are required to select your answers based on
each other, you are not going to do a thing the contents of the passage and opinion of the
about radically changing the education system; author only.
so, it will drag on __7__ a monstrous revolution,
which will merely be another substitution — From 1600 to 1757 the East India Company's
there will be much more control because the role in India was that of a trading corporation
totalitarian government knows how to shape which brought goods or precious metals into
the minds and hearts of the people, they __8__ India and exchanged them for Indian goods like
the trick. textiles and spices, which it sold abroad. Its
profits came primarily from the sale of Indian
goods abroad. Naturally, it tried constantly to Q 2. The people of England used Indian cloths
open new markets 'for Indian goods in Britain because
and other countries. Thereby, it increased the (a) they loved foreign and imported clothes
export of Indian manufacturers, and thus (b) the Indian textile was light cotton
encouraged their production. This is the reason (e) the Indian cloths were cheaper
why Indian rulers tolerated and even (d) the Indian cloths could be easily
encouraged the establishment of the transported
Company's factories in India, But, from the very Answer: b
beginning, the British manufacturers were Q 3. What did the British manufacturer do to
jealous of the popularity that India textiles compete with the Indian manufacturers?
enjoyed in Britain. All of a sudden, dress (a) They pressurized the government to levy
fashions changed and light cotton textiles heavy duties on export of Indian clothes
began to replace the coarse woolens of the (b) They pressurized the government to levy
English. Before, the author of the famous novel, heavy duties on import of Indian clothes
Robinson Crusoe, complained that Indian cloth (c) They requested people to change their
had "crept into our houses, our closets and bed fashion preferences
chambers; curtains, cushions, chairs, and at last (d) They lowered the prices of the Britain
beds themselves were nothing but calicos or made textile
India stuffs". The British manufacturers put Answer: b
pressure on their government to restrict and Q 4. Which source is cited by the author Ia
prohibit the sale of Indian goods in England. By argue that Indian textile was in hugc
1720, laws had been passed forbidding the demand in 18th century England'?
wear or use of printed or dyed cotton cloth. In (a) The archival source
1760 a lady had to pay a fine of 200 for (b) The scientific source
possessing an imported handkerchief ! (c) The journalistic source
Moreover, heavy duties were imposed on the (d) The literary source
import of plain cloth_ Other European Answer: d
countries, except Holland, also either Q 5. "New and advanced technology" in the
prohibited the impart of Indian cloth or paragraph refers to
imposed heavy import duties. In spite of these (a) the French Revolution
laws, however, Indian silk and cotton textiles (b) the Glorious Revolution of England.
still held their own in foreign markets, until the (c) the Industrial Revolution
middle of the eighteenth century when the (d) the beginning of colonialism
English textile industry began to develop on the Answer: c
basis of new and advanced technology.
Q 1. 'The East India Company was encouraging Directions: In this section you have few short
the export of Indian manufacturers passages. After each passage, you will find
because some items based on the passage. First, read a
(a) it was a philanthropic trading corporation passage and answer the items based on it, You
(b) it wanted Indian manufacturers to prosper are required to select your answers based on
in trade and commerce the contents of the passage and opinion of the
(c) it profited from the sale of Indian goods in author only.
foreign markets
(d) it feared Indian Kings who would not Zimbabwe's prolonged political crisis reached
permit them trade in India the bailing point earlier this month when
Answer: c President Robert Mugabe dismissed the Vice-
President, Emmerson Mnangagwa. A battle to
succeed the 93-year-old liberation hero-turned Q2. Mrs_ Mugabe is supported by
President had already been brewing within the (a) Mr. Mnangagwa
ruling Zimbabwe African National Union- (b) Mr. Mugabe
Patriotic Front (Zanu-PF), with the old guard (c) Generation 40
backing Mr. Mnangagwa, himself a freedom (d) Zanti-PF
fighter, and 'Generation 40', a grouping of Answer: c
younger leaders supporting Mr_ Mugabe's 52- Q3. Mr. Mugabe's political weakness became
year-old wife, Grace. Ms. Mugabe, known for apparent when
her extravagant lifestyle and interfering ways, (a) he endorsed his wife
has been vocal in recent months about her (b) he turned against the army
political ambitions. Mr. Mugabe was seen to (c) he suffered from health issues
have endorsed her when on November 6 he (d) he dismissed Mr. Mnangagwa
dismissed Answer: d
Mr. Mnangagwa, But Mr. Mugabe, who has Q4. The security forces of Zimbabwe staged a
ruled Zimbabwe since its independence in coup against the President because
1980, erred on two counts he underestimated (a) they wanted Mrs. Mugabe as the President
the deep connections Mr. Mnangagwa has (b) they were aware of Mugabe's failing
within the establishment and overestimated his wealth
own power in a system he has helped shape. In (c) they disliked Mugabe's extravagant
the good old days, Mr_ Mugabe was able to rule lifestyle
with an iron grip. But those days are gone. Age (d) they did not want a Mugabe dynasty
and health problems have weakened his hold Answer: d
on power, while there is a groundswell of anger Q5. Why does the military not want to call it a
among the public over economic coup d'etat
mismanagement. So when he turned against a (a) Because coup is immoral
man long seen by the establishment as his (b) Because coup is illegal
successor, Mr. Mugabe left little doubt that he (c) Because coup would lead to international
was acting from a position of political censure and sanctions
weakness_ This gave the security forces the (d) Because it would make the public revolt
confidence to turn against him and make it clear Answer: c
they didn't want a Mugabe dynasty. The
military doesn't want to call its action a coup Directions: In this section you have few short
(Feat, for obvious reasons. A coup would attract passages. After each passage, you will find
international condemnation, even sanctions. some items based on the passage. First, read a
But it is certain that the army chief, Gen. passage and answer the items based on it, You
Constantino Chiwenga, is in charge. His plan, as are required to select your answers based on
it emerges, is to force Mr. Mugabe to resign and the contents of the passage and opinion of the
install a transitional government, perhaps author only.
under Mr. Mnangagwa, until elections are held.
Q1. In the paragraph, who has been called Over-eating is one of the most wonderful
liberation hero? practices among those who think that they can
(a) Constantino Chiwenga afford it. In fact, authorities say that nearly all
(b) Emmerson Mnangagwa who can get as much as they desire, over-eat to
(c) Robert Mugabe their disadvantage. This class of people could
(d) Army Chief save a great more food than they can save by
Answer: c missing one meal per week and at the same
time they could improve their health. A heavy
meal at night, the so-called "dinner", is the Q6. According to the passage, people over-eat
fashion with many and often is taken shortly (a) because they can afford to
before retiring_ It is unnecessary and could be (b) because they are hungry
forgone, not only once a week but daily without (c) because they have to work more
loss of strength. From three to five hours are (d) because they have to Conserve energy
needed to digest food. While sleeping, this food Answer: a
not being required to give energy for work, is in
many cases converted into excess fat, giving rise Directions: In this section you have few short
to over-weight. The evening meal should be passages. After each passage, you will find
light, taken three or four hours before retiring. some items based on the passage. First, read a
This prevents over-eating, conserves energy passage and answer the items based on it, You
and reduces the cost of food. are required to select your answers based on
Q1. Why should those who over-eat refrain the contents of the passage and opinion of the
from doing so? author only.
(a) Because over-eating leads to loss of wealth
(b) Because over-eating is bad for health Much has been said of the common ground of
(c) Because over-eating conserves food religious unity. I am not going just now to
(d) Because over-eating is immoral and venture my own theory. But if anyone here
unhealthy hopes that this unity will come by the triumph
Answer: b of any one of the religions and the destruction
Q2. Over-eating is more prevalent among of the others, to him I say, “Brother, yours is an
(a) the rich impossible hope.” Do I wish that the Christian
(b) the poor would become Hindu? God forbid. Do I wish
(c) everybody that the Hindu or Buddhist would become
(d) the bourgeoisie Christian? God forbid.
Answer: a The seed is put in the ground, and earth and air
Q3. The writer is asking the readers and water are placed around it. Does the seed
(a) to skip the heavy dinner and take light become the earth, or the air, or the water? No.
evening meal instead It becomes a plant. It develops after the law of
(b) to stop eating anything at night its own growth, assimilates the air, the earth,
(c) to take food only during the day and the water, converts them into plant
(d) to eat food before the sunset substance, and grows into a plant.
Answer: a Similar is the case with religion. The Christian is
Q4. What is the most appropriate time for not to become a Hindu or a Buddhist, nor a
from doing so? having evening meal? Hindu or a Buddhist to become a Christian. But
(a) An hour after the sunset each must assimilate the spirit of the others and
(b) Three or four hours before sleeping yet preserve his individuality and grow
(c) Before the sunset according to his own law of growth.
(d) Just before sleeping If the Parliament of Religions has shown
Answer: b anything to the world, it is this: it has proved to
Q5. According to the passage, how many the world that holiness, purity and charity are
times a day should we have food? not the exclusive possessions of any church in
(a) Three times the world, and that every system has produced
(b) Two times men and women of the most exalted character.
(c) Once In the face of this evidence, if anybody dreams
(d) Has not been specified of the exclusive survival of his own religion and
Answer: d the destruction of the others, I pity him from
the bottom of my heart, and point out to him Over-population is the most pressing of India's
that upon the banner of every religion will soon numerous and multi-faceted problems. In fact it
be written in spite of resistance: “Help and not has caused equally complex problems such as
fight,” “Assimilation and not Destruction,” poverty, under-nourishment, unemployment
“Harmony and Peace and not Dissension.” and excessive fragmentation of land.
Q1. According to the author of the passage, Indisputably, this country has been facing a
(a) change their religions population explosion of crisis dimensions. It has
(b) follow their religions and persuade other largely diluted the fruits of the remarkable
to follow it economic progress that the nation has made
(c) follow their own religions and respect during the last four decades or so. The entire
other religions battle against poverty is thwarted by the rapid
(d) disrespect other religions increase in the population. The tragedy is that
Answer: c while over-population accentuates poverty, the
Q2. The Parliament of Religions is country's stark poverty itself is in many areas a
(a) a Christian organization major cause of over-population.
(b) a Buddhist organization Q1. What is the irony behind the over-
(c) a Hindu organization population of India?
(d) a platform for discussion about every (a) Over-population gives birth to poverty,
religion of the world which (poverty) itself is the cause of over-
Answer: d population
Q3. What does the author think about those (b) Under nourishment and unemployment
who dream about the exclusive survival of are outcomes of flawed economic progress
their own religions and the destruction of (c) Fragmentation of land is leading to over-
the other? population
(a) He hates them (d) Fruits of the remarkable economic
(b) He desires to imprison them progress are trickling down to the poor
(c) He pities them Answer: a
(d) He praises them Q2. What is the general tone of the passage?
Answer: c (a) funny / humorous
Q4. According to the passage, what is (b) sombre
“impossible hope”? (c) didactic
(a) One day, all the people of the world will (d) tragic
follow only one religion Answer: b
(b) One day, there will be no religion Q3. What, in the author's view, severely
(c) Purity and charity are the exclusive affects the economic growth of our
possessions country?
(d) Banner of every religion will soon be (a) poverty
written (b) illiteracy
Answer: a (c) over-population
(d) None of the above
Directions : In this section you have few short Answer: c
passages. After each passage, you will find Q4. What, according to the author, is the
some items based on the passage. First, read a biggest reason behind over-population?
passage and answer the items based on it. You (a) under-nourishment
are required to select your answers based on (b) unemployment
the contents of the passage and opinion of the (c) excessive fragmentation of land
author only. (d) poverty
Answer: d Q3. Which one of the following pairs of words
Q5. "It has largely diluted the fruits of the in the passage describes enemies of the
remarkable economic progress". Find caterpillar?
antonym of the underlined word (a) Serpentine and host
(a) coalesced (b) Predator and marauding
(b) compounded (c) Serpentine and marauding
(c) cheapened (d) Predator and host
(d) consolidated Answer: b
Answer: d Q4. Which one of the following makes itself
unpalatable?
Directions: In this section you have few short (a) Leaf roller
passages. After each passage, you will find (b) Jelly slug
some items based on the passage. First, read a (c) Aquatic larva
passage and answer the items based on it, You (d) Leaf miner
are required to select your answers based on Answer: b
the contents of the passage and opinion of the Q5: The main idea of the passage is that
author only. caterpillars
(a) like to eat a lot
To eat and not be eaten – that's the imperative (b) have to protect themselves while feeding
of a caterpillar's existence. The leaf roller (c) are good to eat
reduces its risks of being picked off by predators (d) are not good to eat
by silking together a temporary shelter in which Answer: b
to feed and rest. Adopting a different line of
defense, the jelly slug extrudes a sticky Directions: In this section you have few short
translucent coating that may foul the mouth- passages. After each passage, you will find
parts of marauding ants. For its part, the aquatic some items based on the passage. First, read a
larva, by its watery element, fashions a portable passage and answer the items based on it, You
hideout from fragments of aquatic leaves. are required to select your answers based on
Cutting a serpentine trail as it feeds on tender the contents of the passage and opinion of the
young leaves, the minute citrus leaf miner author only.
spends its entire larval life inside its host plant,
thus keeping its appetizing body safely under I have always opposed the idea of dividing the
wraps. world into the Orient and the Occident. It is,
Q1. Which varieties of caterpillars 'build' however, the tremendous industrial 'growth
shelters to protect themselves? that has made the West what it is. I think the
(a) Leaf roller and aquatic larva difference, say, between India and Europe in
(b) Leaf roller and jelly slug the 12th or 13th century would not have been
(c) Jelly slug and aquatic larva very great. Differences have been intensified by
(d) Jelly slug and citrus leaf miner this process of industrialization which has
Answer: a promoted material well-being tremendously
Q2. Which one of the following caterpillars and which is destroying the life of the mind,
produces a sticky covering? which is in a process of deterioration, chiefly
(a) Leaf roller because the environment that has been created
(b) Jelly slug by it does not give time or opportunity to
(c) Aquatic larva individuals to think. If the life of the mind is not
(d) Citrus leaf miner encouraged, then inevitably civilization
Answer: b collapses.
Q1. The words "the Orient and the Occident are required to select your answers based on
mean the contents of the passage and opinion of the
(a) the West and the East respectively author only.
(b) the East and the West respectively
(c) the North and the South respectively In Delhi, it was forbidden by the law, at one
(d) the South and the North respectively time, to take a Dog into a public vehicle. One
Answer: b day a lady, accompanied by a pet dog, entered
Q2. The author believes that the difference a bus. Wishing to evade the law, she placed her
between India and Europe in the 12th or tiny dog in her dress pocket. It so happened that
13th century was not very great because the person next to this lady was a pick-pocket;
(a) Indians and Europeans mixed freely and during the journey he carefully placed his
(b) Indians imitated the European way of living hand into her pocket in search of her purse.
(c) Europeans imitated the Indian way of living Great was the horror to find instead a pair of
(d) Industrialization had not yet taken place sharp teeth inserted into his fingers. His
Answer: d exclamation of pain and surprise drew the
Q3. In the opinion of the author, attention of other passengers to him.
Industrialization is Q1. Once the law in Delhi did not permit the
(a) an absolute blessing 67. In order to evade the law, the lady
(b) an absolute curse people to
(c) neither a blessing nor a curse (a) carry dogs into private vehicles
(d) more of a curse than a blessing (b) board a bus without ticket
Answer: d (c) carry dogs into a public vehicle
Q4. The author says that the mental life of the (d) carry animals with them
world is in a process of deterioration Answer: c
because the modern generation is Q2. In order to evade the law, the lady
(a) endowed with low mental powers (a) hid the dog under the seat
(b) too lazy to exert its mental powers (b) got off the bus
(c) taught that physical activities are more (c) gave the dog to a fellow passenger
important than mental (d) put the dog in her pocket
(d) brought up in an environment Answer: d
unfavourable to the growth of the mental Q3. The pick-pocket travelling with the lady
life (a) reported the matter to the conductor
Answer: d (b) put his hand in her pocket
Q5. The title that best expresses the central (c) took out the dog
idea of the passage is (d) asked the lady to get off
(a) difference between the Occident and the Answer: b
Orient Q4. Which one of the following correctly
(b) impact of Industrialization on our expresses the meaning of "wishing to
civilization evade the law”?
(c) advantages of Industrialization (a) Wish to avoid following the law
(d) disadvantages of Industrialization (b) Desire to follow the law blindly
Answer: b (c) Reluctance to break the law
(d) Wish to change the law
Directions: In this section you have few short Answer: a
passages. After each passage, you will find Q5. Why did the pick-pocket exclaim with
some items based on the passage. First, read a pain?
passage and answer the items based on it, You (a) He was hit by the lady
(b) He was caught by the fellow-passengers Q2. curcumin has positive effect on people
(c) He was bitten by the dog (a) without dementia
(d) He fell of the bus (b) with Alzheimer’s disease
Answer: c (c) without dementia and with Alzheimer’s
disease
Directions : In this section you have few short (d) with dementia and with Alzheimer's
passages. After each passage, you will find disease
some items based on the passage. First, read a Answer: c
passage and answer the items based on it. You Q3. Which word in the passage means
are required to select your answer based on 'earlier'?
the contents of the passage and opinion of the (a) Performance
author only. (b) Absorbed
(c) Properties
Daily consumption of a certain form of (d) Previously
curcumin improved memory and mood in Answer: d
people with mild, age-related memory loss. The Q4. Eating turmeric
research examined the effects of an easily (a) will reduce the chance of getting
absorbed curcumin supplement on memory Alzheimer's disease
performance in people without dementia, as (b) will increase curcumin
well as curcumin's potential impact on the (c) will enhance dementia
microscopic plaques and tangled in the brains (d) will reduce chance of getting cancer
of people with Alzheimer's disease. Found in Answer: a
turmeric, curcumin has previously been shown Q5. __________of a disease in a region
to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant depends on the food habits too.
properties in laboratory studies. It has also (a) Dominance
been suggested as a possible reason that senior (b) Prevalence
citizens in India, where curcumin is a dietary (c) Affection
staple, have a lower prevalence of Alzheimer's (d) Death
disease and better cognitive performance. Answer: b
Q1. Which of the following statements are
true? Directions: In this section you have few short
1. Senior citizens in India have high level of passages. After each passage, you will find
Alzheimer's disease because of some items based on the passage. First, read a
consumption of turmeric. passage and answer the items based on it, You
2. Senior citizens in India do not have high are required to select your answers based on
prevalence of Alzheimer's because of the contents of the passage and opinion of the
consumption of turmeric. author only.
3. Consumption of turmeric enhances
cognitive performance. Mr. Rowland Hill, when a young man, was
4. Curcumin is an antioxidant. walking through the Lake district, when he one
Select the correct answer using the code given day saw the postman deliver a letter to a
below: woman at a cottage door. The woman turned it
(a) 2, 3 and 4 over and examined it, and then returned it,
(b) 1, 3 and 4 saying she could not pay the postage, which
(c) 1 and 4 only was a shilling. Hearing that the letter was from
(d) 1 and 3 only her brother, Mr. Hill paid the postage, in spite
Answer: a of the manifest unwillingness of the woman. As
soon as the postman was out of sight, she
showed Mr. Hill how his money had been
wasted, as far as she was concerned. The sheet
was blank. There was an agreement between
her brother and herself that as long as all went
well with him, he should send a blank sheet in
this way once a quarter, and she thus had
tidings of him without expense of postage.
Q1. The story uses irony as a technique
(a) the woman returned her own brother's
letter without opening it
(b) the woman broke the agreement of
receiving blank letters to convey well being
of her brother
(c) Mr. Hill accepted the letter ad-dressed to
the woman
(d) in the modern times a brother has no time
to write a letter to his own sister
Answer: a
Q2. The woman returned the letter to the
postman because
(a) she could not pay the postage
(b) the letter was not addressed to her
(c) she already knew the contents of the letter
(d) she hated the person who wrote the letter
Answer: c
Q3. Mr. Hill paid the postage because
(a) the letter was from her brother
(b) the woman was his relative
(c) the letter was addressed to him
(d) he wanted to be kind to her
Answer: a
Q4. The envelope contained
(a) a currency note
(b) two written sheets
(c) no sheet at all
(d) a blank sheet
Answer: d
Q5. The woman and her brother had agreed
that
(a) the letter with no postage meant good
news
(b) the blank sheet meant being well
(c) the blank sheet meant bad news
(d) the letter with no postage meant letter
unimportant news
Answer: b