It is as a ”progressive series

of changes that occur in a

predictable pattern as the
result of interactions
between biological and
environmental factors”
— Neil J. Salkind
Stages of Human Development

Sigmund Freud’s Erik Erikson’s Jean Piaget’s Lawrence Kohlberg’s

“Psychosexual “Psychosocial “Cognitive “Moral Development
Theory” Theory” Development Theory”
Theory”
 Sigmund Freud’s “Psychosexual Theory”
STAGE APPROXIMATE PERIOD FOCUS / DESCRIPTION TRAIT OUTCOMES
1ST: ORAL First year of life Erogenous Zone: Mouth Oral fixation can result in
From Birth to 1 Year the infant's primary source problems with drinking,
of interaction occurs eating, smoking, nail-
through the mouth, so the biting, or gum chewing
rooting and sucking reflex is
especially important.

q results to
 Sigmund Freud’s “Psychosexual Theory”
APPROXIMATE
STAGE FOCUS / DESCRIPTION TRAIT OUTCOMES
PERIOD
2nd: ANAL Second to Erogenous Zone: Bowel and Fixation can lead to:
Fourth Year Bladder Control 1. Anal Retentive Personality –
Freud believed that the primary obsessive with cleanliness or hating
Age range: 1 to focus of the libido was on mess. The child may eventually become
4 Years controlling bladder and bowel a perfectionist, stringent, orderly, rigid,
movements. and obsessive. or be obsessive-
The major conflict: toilet compulsive
training—the child has to learn 2. Anal Expulsive Personality – could
to control their bodily needs. develop in which the individual has a
Developing this control leads to messy, wasteful, or destructive
a sense of accomplishment and personality.
independence.

q results to
 Sigmund Freud’s “Psychosexual Theory”
APPROXIMATE
STAGE FOCUS / DESCRIPTION TRAIT OUTCOMES
PERIOD
3RD: Seventh Year to Erogenous Zone: Sexual Freud also believed that boys begin to view
PHALLIC Puberty Feelings Are Inactive their fathers as a rival for the mother’s
affection.
Age range: 4 to The primary focus of the libido • The Oedipus complex – these feelings of
6 Years is on the genitals. At this age, wanting to possess the mother and the
children also begin to discover desire to replace the father.
the differences between males The child also fears that he will be punished
and females. by the father for these feelings, a fear Freud
termed castration anxiety.

• Electra complex used to describe a

similar set of feelings experienced by
young girls.
Freud, however, believed that girls instead
experience penis envy.
 Sigmund Freud’s “Psychosexual Theory”
APPROXIMATE
STAGE FOCUS / DESCRIPTION TRAIT OUTCOMES
PERIOD
4th: Fourth to Sixth Erogenous Zone: Sexual feelings are possible for children to become
LATENCY Year Inactive. fixated or "stuck" in this phase.
Fixation at this stage can result in
Age range: 6 to The superego continues to develop while immaturity and an inability to
Puberty the id's energies are suppressed. Children form fulfilling relationships as an
develop social skills, values, and adult.
relationships with peers and adults outside
of the family. Signs of Fixation:
• Reckless or Afraid of Love
The development of the ego and superego • Narcissistic
contributes to this period of calm. The • Self-Assured or Selfish
stage begins around the time that children • Poor Opposite Sex
enter school and become more concerned relationships
with peer relationships, hobbies, and other
interests.
 Tripartite Model of the Mind
ID EGO SUPEREGO
Characteristics: Characteristics: Characteristics:
Completely unconscious Serves as the mind’s Related to morality
executive Developed during the
Has to reconcile the id, phallic stage
the superego, and
the environment
 Sigmund Freud’s “Psychosexual Theory”
APPROXIMATE
STAGE FOCUS / DESCRIPTION TRAIT OUTCOMES
PERIOD
5th: Twelfth year or Erogenous Zone: Maturing Sexual Freud believed that the ego and
GENITAL Puberty to Death Interests superego were fully formed and
the individual develops a strong functioning at this point. Younger
sexual interest in the opposite children are ruled by the id, which
sex. This stage begins during demands immediate satisfaction of
puberty but last throughout the the most basic needs and wants.
rest of a person's life.
Sign of Fixation:
Establish a balance between the • Guilt about sexuality
various life areas. • Feelings of inadequacy
• Poor sexual relationships
• Anxious feelings regarding the
opposite sex.
Stages of Human Development

Sigmund Freud’s Erik Erikson’s Jean Piaget’s Lawrence Kohlberg’s

“Psychosexual “Psychosocial “Cognitive “Moral Development
Theory” Theory” Development Theory”
Theory”
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory
Identity Diffusion/Role Confusion

The adolescence stage is centered

on establishing self-identity
• Who am I?
• What am I good at?
• What are my beliefs?
• What are my values?
Stages of Human Development

Sigmund Freud’s Erik Erikson’s Jean Piaget’s Lawrence Kohlberg’s

“Psychosexual “Psychosocial “Cognitive “Moral Development
Theory” Theory” Development Theory”
Theory”
Jean Piaget’s Psychosocial Theory
Stages of Human Development

Sigmund Freud’s Erik Erikson’s Jean Piaget’s Lawrence Kohlberg’s

“Psychosexual “Psychosocial “Cognitive “Moral Development
Theory” Theory” Development Theory”
Theory”
Moral Development Theory
 Group
Activity
Assignment: Movie Review
Watch the Movie Inside Out & Inside Out 2

1 2 3

No copying
of Answer Format Deadline
Follow/use the format Soft copy: Sunday 11:59 pm
posted in the google Printed: Augst 5, 2024
classroom.