ZEAL EDUCATION SOCIETY’S

ZEAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH

NARHE │PUNE -41 │ INDIA

Record No.: ZCOER-ACAD/R/16L Revision: 00 Date:01/04/2021

Mock Oral Questions for ERTOS

1. What is an Embedded System?
 Embedded System is a microprocessor-based hardware System. &
Software is designed to perform dependent functions. That circuits designed
for real time operations.

2.
Which are the three parts that the Embedded Systems are divided into?
 Embedded system hardware, Embedded System software And Operating
System.

What is the use of Embedded Systems?

The purpose of embedded systems is to control a specific function within a device. They are usually
designed to only perform this function repeatedly, but more developed embedded systems can control
entire operating systems.

3. What do you understand by a microcontroller?

A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an

embedded system. A typical microcontroller includes a processor, memory and input/output (I/O)
peripherals on a single chip.

4. What do you mean by interrupt latency?

In computing, interrupt latency is the time that elapses from when an interrupt is generated to when the source of the interrupt
is serviced.

5. Tell us something about Watchdog Timer.

It is a simple countdown timer which is use for reset microcontroller after specific
time

6. What is semaphore in your opinion?

a signal between tasks/interrupts that does not carry any additional data.

7. What are recursive functions?

If a program allows you to call a function inside the same function, then it is called a recursive call
of the function
8. What do you know about the memory leak?
 A memory leak occurs when memory is allocated and not freed after use, or when the pointer to a
memory allocation is deleted, rendering the memory no longer usable.

9.
What are the benefits of Embedded Systems?

1. Easy to manage.

2. fast performance.
3. use in mobile robots.
4. they are smaller in size.
5. IOT

10. What do you understand by a segmentation fault?

A segmentation fault occurs when a program attempts to access a memory location that it is not
allowed to access, or attempts to access a memory location in a way that is not allowed

11. What do you mean by Anti Aliasing Filter?

An anti-aliasing filter (AAF) is a filter used before a signal sampler to restrict the bandwidth of a signal
to satisfy the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem over the band of interest.

12. Point out a few disadvantages of embedded systems.

 It has no room for technological improvements.

 The embedded systems are hard to maintain.
 It is complicated to take back up of the embedded files.
 The embedded systems have less power supply durability if it is battery operated.

13. How does virtual memory work?

Virtual memory is a function provided by many operating systems where the operating system creates a
virtual memory space that applications can access as if it were a single piece of contiguous
memory.

14. Differentiate between Mutexes and Semaphores.

A mutex object allows multiple process threads to access a single shared resource but only one at a time.
On the other hand, semaphore allows multiple process threads to access the finite instance of the resource
until available
15. What is RTOS?
A Real Time Operating System, commonly known as an RTOS, is a software component that rapidly
switches between tasks, giving the impression that multiple programs are being executed at the same time
on a single processing core.
16. What is the difference between real-time operating systems and other
approaches?
n general, an operating system (OS) is responsible for managing the hardware resources of a computer and hosting
applications that run on the computer. An RTOS performs these tasks, but is also specially designed to run applications with
very precise timing and a high degree of reliability.

17. What does kernel mean?

The kernel is the fundamental part of an operating system. It is responsible for managing the resources
and the communication between hardware and software components. The kernel offers hardware
abstraction to the applications and provides secure access to the system memory.
18. Explain multitasking in operating systems.
Multitasking, in an operating system, is allowing a user to perform more than one computer task (such
as the operation of an application program) at a time. The operating system is able to keep track of
where you are in these tasks and go from one to the other without losing information.
19. Explain stack overflow.
Stack overflow is when a function or program uses more memory than is in the stack. As it grows
beyond its allocated space, the dynamic stack contents begin to overwrite other things, such as critical
application code and data.
20. What is a core dump?

A core dump is the printing or the copying to a more permanent medium (such as a hard disk ) the
contents of random access memory ( RAM ) at one moment in time. One can think of it as a full-length
"snapshot" of RAM. A core dump is taken mainly for the purpose of debugging a program.

21. What is a time-sharing operating system?

Time-sharing is a technique which enables many people, located at various terminals, to use a
particular computer system at the same time. Time-sharing or multitasking is a logical extension of
multiprogramming.
22. Explain volatile keywords and usage.
volatile keyword is a qualifier that is applied to a variable when it is declared. It tells the compiler that
the value of the variable may change at any time--without any action being taken by the code the compiler
finds nearby.
23. How do you explain ISR?
Interrupt Service Routines (ISR) are the portions of the program code that handle the interrupt requests.
When an Interrupt is triggered (either a hardware or software interrupt), the processor breaks away from
the current task, moves the instruction pointer to the ISR, and then continues operation.
24. What is a thread?
For embedded software developers working with microcontrollers, a process is essentially the entire
application that runs on the system. A thread is then a small program that has a specific function and
purpose within the overall application. Threads tend to be lower level than tasks and have minimal
overhead.
25. Explain the electrical specifications of RS232.
The logic '1' in RS232 is described as being in the voltage range of -15V to -3V and logic '0' is described as
the voltage range of +3V to +15V i.e. low level voltage is logic '1' and high level voltage is logic '0'.
Typically, the logic '1' in RS232 will be -12V and logic '0' will be +12V.
26. List the two major states in the operation of Bluetooth.
It defines the physical characteristics of bluetooth transceivers. It defines two types of physical
link: connection-less and connection-oriented.
27. What is a CAN bus? Where is it used
The CAN bus is primarily used in embedded systems, and as its name implies, is a network technology
that provides fast communication among microcontrollers up to real-time requirements, eliminating the
need for the much more expensive and complex technology of a Dual-Ported RAM.
28. What is I2C?
I2C stands for Inter-Integrated Circuit. It is a bus interface connection protocol incorporated into devices
for serial communication. It was originally designed by Philips Semiconductor in 1982. Recently, it is a
widely used protocol for short-distance communication. It is also known as Two Wired Interface(TWI
29. State the special features on I2C?
I2C has many important features worth mentioning. It supports multiple data speeds: Standard-mode (100
kbps), Fast-mode(400 kbps), Fast-mode plus, High-speed mode (3.4 Mbps), and Ultra Fast-mode (5.0
Mbps) I2C communications. Other features include: Built in collision detection.
30. What is USB? Where is it used?
Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a connectivity specification that provides ease of use, expandability,
and good performance for the end user. It is one of the most successful interconnects in computer
history.
31. What are the features of SPI?
The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a synchronous serial communication interface specification
used for short-distance communication, primarily in embedded systems. The interface was developed
by Motorola in the mid-1980s and has become a de facto standard.
32. Define task and Task state.

A task is also called a thread, is a simple program that thinks it has a CPU all to itself. A task consists of a
sequentially executable program under a state-control by OS. The state information of a task is
represented by task state, task structure – its data, objects and resource and task control block.

33. What is priority inheritance?

The basic idea of the priority inheritance protocol is that when a job blocks one or more high-priority
jobs, it ignores its original priority assignment and executes its critical section at an elevated
priority level.
34. List the set of OS command functions for a device