3.

According to the passage,

A. 1961 when was the first real robot made?
D. 2000 years ago
B. 1900 C. 2003

4. Using the gives the best use of a

robot?
information in the passage asa guide,which of these
A. to help make a sandwich B. to help tie shoes
C. to help read a book D. to help explore Mars
5. Which of these passage feels about
robots?
statements correctly summarizes how the author of this
A. Robots are old. B. Robots are confusing.
C. Robots are helpful. D. Robots are dangerous.

Part-lll| Grammnar
TENSE

Atense is a form of a verb which shows the time at which an action happens. It Comes from the
Latin word "tempus", which means "time".

The tense of a verb tells you when a person did something or when something existed or
happened. In English, there are three main tenses: the present, the past,and the future.
The past is used to describe things that have already happened (e.g., earlier in the day, yesterday,
last week,three years ago). The present tense is used todescribe things that are happening right
now, or things that are continuous. The future tense describes things that have
yet to happen
(e.g., later, tomorrow, next week, next year, three years from now).

Each of these tenses is divided into four more categories:

Present Past Future

Simple or indefinite Simple or indefinite Simple or indefinite
Continuous or progressive Continuous or progressive
Perfect
Continuous or progressive
Perfect
Perfect
Perfect Continuous or perfect Perfect
progressive
Continuous or perfect Perfect Continuous or
progressive perfect progressive
 Simple Simple
PAST
PRESENT Simple
FUTURE
Continuous past Continuous present
Continuous future

Perfect Perfect
PAST Perfect
PRESENT FUTURE

Figure: 1

Past Present Future

walked
walks will walk

had walked has walked will have walked

was walking
is walking
will be walk1ng

has been walking will have been walk1ng

had been walking

Figure:2
In this lesson,we are going to discuss the Simple Present or indefinite and Present Continuous
or progressive in detail.

1. The Simple Present is aform of the verb that shows the action takes place in the present.
For example: Lisa dances every day.

2. The Present Progressive is a form of the verb that shows the action is in progress in the
present.
For example: Lisais dancing right now.
 Simple Present
The Simple Present is a form of the verb that
Here are the different usages of this tense:
shows the action takes place in the present.

1. Repeating actions or habits

Example:
They travel every Sunday.
He goes to school by bike.
They usually get a lot of fish.
They go to work every day.
2. Facts or things which are true at
all times
Example:
Cows eat grass.
Paris is in France.
People sleep at night.
He is a policeman.

3. Conditions (not actions) taking place at this moment

Example:
This is a big ship.
He is a student.
He has a car.

Typical Time Expressions

always
usualy
/ often
frequently
sometimes
rarely
never

Once a
every
(minute, hour, day, week, month, year, etc.)
(minute, hour, day, week, month, year, etc.)
 Positive Sentences
Who? Form of
verb
Examples
verb
Irun every day.
He/She/It verb +s He runs every day.
She runs ever÷day.
You It runs every day.
verb
We Yourun every day.
verb
We run every day.
They verb
They run every day.
Exercise 11.2: Change the verb into the
correct form:
1. Dhaka
(be) in Bangladesh.
2. They
(open) the store at 8:00.
3. I
(have) several jobs.
4. Water
(boil) at 100degrees.
5. A triangle (have)three corners.

Negative Sentences
Who? Formof
verb Examples
do not / don't Idon't run every day.
He does not run every day.
He doesn't run every day.
He/She/It does not / doesn't She does not run every day.
She doesn't run every day.
verb It does not run every day.
It doesn't run every day.
You do not /don't You do not run every day.
You don't run every day.
We do not / don't We don't run every day.
They do not / don't They don't run every day.
Exercise 11.3: Change the verb into the correct form:
1. Nishit (not ride) horses.
2. You not sell) cars.
3. Nazmul (not bring) gifts.
4. Samia wtot take) pictures.
5. It. (not cost) so much.

QuestionSentences
Who? Formof Examples
verb
Do I Do Irun every day?
Does he run every day?
Does he/she/it Does she run every day?
verb
Does it run every day?
Do you Do you run every day?
Do We Do we run every day?
Do they Do they run every day?

Exercise 11.4: Change the verb into the correct form:

1 (he wake up) at five in the morning?

2 (you go) to work by train?
3 (Anis drink) coffee every morning?
4 (they travel)?
5 (Eylma cook) well?

Present Progressive Tense

(also called Present Continuous)

The Present Progressive isa form of the verb that
present.
shows the action is in progress in the
Here are the different usages of this tense:

1) Actions that are happening now

Example:
The boy is running.
The phone is ringing.
They are talking.
 2) Actions that are currently in progress (Not at this
exact moment, but in the present. For
example: these days, this month, this year)
Example:
He is working in an office.
He is studying a lot these days.
They are fighting for their country.

3) Planned future actions

Example:
Tomorrow he is returning home.
She is meeting her friends tonight.
She is travelling toParis this afternoon.
We are going to bake a pizza.
lam going to meet her tonight.
Typical Time Expressions
now

these days.
V this afternoon.
near
right now
today
tonight
V constantly
this moment
this week
next week
this month
tomorrow
this year
after dinner*
currently

Positive Sentences

Who? Form of verb Examples

I am + verb + ing Iam reading now.
He is reading now.
He/She/It is + verb + ing She is reading now.
It is reading now.
You are + verb + ing You are reading noW.
We are + verb + ing We are reading now.
are + verb t ing They are reading now.
They
Exercise 11.5: Change the verb into the correct form:
1. Araf (rest) right now.
2. I (talk) on the phone at this moment.
3. Jenny (come) back from New York tomorrow.
4. Mala (drive), and Tanim (sleep).
5. We (work) on the new project currently.

Negative Sentences
Who? Form of verb Examples
Iam not reading now.
I am + not + verb + ing I'm not reading now.
He is not reading now.
He isn't reading now.
He's not reading now.

She is not reading now.

He/She/It is + not + verb + ing She isn't reading now.
She's not reading now.
It is not reading now.
It isn't reading now.
It's not reading now.
You are not reading now.
You are + not + verb + ing You aren't reading now.
You're not reading now.
We are not reading now.
We are + not + verb + ing We aren't reading now.
We're not reading now.
They are not reading now.
They are + not + verb + ing They aren't reading now.
They're not reading now.

Exercise 11.6- Change the verb into the correct form:

1. We
not go) to the movies tonight.
2. They not sing) at our club.
3. They not help) the teacher right now.
4. You not take) the car with you tomorrow.
5. Maya (not go back) tonight.
 Question Sentences
Who? Formof verb Examples
Am verb + ing Am I reading now?
Is he reading now?
Is he/she/it verb ing Is she reading now?
Is it reading now?
Are you verb + ing Are you reading now?
Are We verb + ing Are we readingnow?
Are they verb + ing Are they reading now?

Exercise 11 7: Change the verb into the correct form:

1 (She watch) an action movie?

2. (They fight)?
3. (This guy shout)?
4. (They have) coffee at this moment?
5. (Mona prepare) the food?

Spelling Rule
Spelling Rules for Adding "ing"
freely, without being
Vowel =asound we make when the breath flows out through the mouth
represent such sounds.
blocked, The English letters a, e, i, o, uare called vowels, because they
somehow blocked on its wav
Consonant = a sound we make that is not avowel. The breath is
flow is stopped with the lips.
out of the mouth. For example, the sound b is made when breath
These are: b, c, d, f. g. h. i.
All the English letters, which are not vowels, are called consonants.
k, I, m, n, p, g, r, s, t. V, W, X, Y, Z.
rules for it:
Some verbs change their spelling when "ing" is added to them. There are few
"consonant-vowel-consonant"
a) Verbs ending with
sound in
When averb ends with a consonant-vowel-consonant and we put STRESS On this
speech, we double the last consonant. Then we add "ing".
Examples:
run runn t ing => running
stop stopp + ing stopping
 plan plann + ing
planning
begin => beginn + ing =>
beginning
But if we don't put STRESS on this sound in speech, then we simply add 'ing'.
open open + ing opening
visit visit +ing visiting
listen listen t ing
listening
happen=> happen + ing =>
happening
Also, we do not double the final consonant when the verb ends in W, X,
Y or Z or when the final
syllable is not emphasized.
fix fix + ing fixing
enjoy => enjoy + ing =>
enjoying
Snow snow + ing
snowing
b) Verbs ending with "e'"
If the verb ends with an 'e' that isn't pronounced (as in
bake or smile), then you need to drop this
final -e before adding "-ing".
Examples:
take tak + ing =>
taking
make => mak + ing making
dance => danc + ing =>
dancing
write => writ + ing writing
c) Verbs endingwith "ie"
When a verb endswith the letters 'ie', we change them
into 'y' and add 'ing'.
Examples
lie ly + ing=> lying
die dy + ing dying
d) Verbs ending with "y"
For verbs that end in -yadd "-ing" with
no changes.
Examples:
Say=> say + ing saying
buy=> buy + ing => buying
 e) Other verbs
Most other words take
"-ing with no
Examples: changes
rain =>
rain + ing => raining
Send =
send+ ing => sending

Exercise 11.8: Use these rules to add -ing" to the

following words:
1. shave
16. hope 31. save
2. comb
17. jump 32. tap
3. make 18. joke 33. carry
4. feed
19. marry 34. buy
5. do 20. put 35. sew
6. empty 21. say 36. eat

7. jog 22. talk 37. write

8. take 23. stop 38. dream

9. vacUum 24. type 39. Cut

10. go 25. USe 40. roar

11. sleep 26. Worry 41. Snap

12. wax 27. look 42. dig

28. bat 43. bury
13. change

14. fry 29. dance 44. see

30. hurry 45. skate

15. get
 WI
F N
Alt
B

Part -IV: Common Mistakes

While writing, make sure all facts are in the

have a tendency to overuse the present
present simple, not the continuous. ESL students
only be used for actions that are in continuous tense. The present continuous tense shouid
progress or happening at the mnoment of speaking. Use the
simple present tense, not the present continuous, for
actions or states that are always true. proven facts. By proven facts, we mean

Study the examples given below.

Water boils at 100 degree Celsius. (NOT Water is boiling at 100

degree Celsius.)
Here we are talking about something that has been
proved by scientists.
Sometimes we boil water to make tea or cook meals. Read the sentence given
below.
The kettle is boiling. Shall l make tea? (NOT The kettle boils. Shall I make
tea?)

Here we are talking about something that is happening at the moment of

speaking. Hence, the
present continuous tense is used.

Other examples illustrating the correct use of the simple present and present
continuous tenses
are givenbelow.

Heat expands bodies. (NOT Heat is expanding bodies. It is a proven fact.)

The sun rises in the east. (NOT The sun is rising in the east.)
Plants need water and sunlight for proper growth. (NVOT Plants are
needing water and
sunlight for proper growth.)
When volcanoes erupt, they shoot lava intothe air. (NOT When
they are shooting lava into the air.) volcanoes are erupting
 Part-V Writing
Look at the picture, and read the description
following it. Notice the use of present simple
and present continuous tense:

Picture-1
This is Safa and Taher. They are married. They live in a big city. This is their daughter Anu. Anu
is singing. She loves singing pop music. She wants to be a singer. This is their son Mamun.
Mamun is studying. He hates studying. He wants to be a fireman. Their dog is playing on the floor.
Her name is Roxie. Roxie is waitingtogo for a walk. Safa and Taher are making dinner. They like
to cook together. Taher is chopping vegetables, and Safa is making pasta. Their friends, Jolil and
Boni, are coming over for dinner tonight. They have lots of friends. They like to go out on
weekends. They like to go to the movies or go out for dinner.
 WI N
1

Exercise 11.9: Look at the

picture-2 and fill in the blanks
phrases: using appropriate words or

This
(be) my and these are my classmates. My best
friend's name
(be) Andrew. He (write) on the blackboard.
My other friend, Amy,
(be) very funny. She (talk) and
(tell) jokes to Bradley. They
(not, listen)to the teacher. The
kid in the front row
(throw) a paper airplane. He
misbehave). The teacher (always,
(look)at the map, so she does not see the airplane.
(stand) near the window and
It
(look) outside.
(be) a beautiful day. Iwish Icould go
outside right now.