2 Solving Linear Inequalities GO DIGITAL

2.1 Writing and Graphing Inequalities

2.2 Solving Inequalities Using Addition or Subtraction
2.3 Solving Inequalities Using Multiplication or Division
2.4 Solving Multi-Step Inequalities
2.5 Solving Compound Inequalities
2.6 Solving Absolute Value Inequalities

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC EXPLORER

Jimmy Kuo Wei Chin
Jimmy Chin is a photographer and mountain sports athlete known for
his ability to capture extraordinary imagery while climbing and skiing
in high-risk environments. In 2002, he was the cinematographer for a
National Geographic trek across Tibet’s Chang Tang Plateau. In 2006,
he was part of the first American team to ski off the summit of
Mount Everest.
• As elevation increases, the effective oxygen level decreases. What is
the meaning of effective oxygen level?
• What is the effective oxygen level (in percent) at an elevation of 0 feet?
4000 feet? 8000 feet? 12,000 feet?
• What is the atmospheric pressure (in atmospheres) at an elevation of 0 feet? 4000 feet? 8000 feet?
Do atmospheric pressure and elevation have a linear relationship?

STEM
Mountain climbing is one of the most
dangerous sports in the world. In the
Performance Task, you will assume the
role of an expedition leader and use
inequalities to track the progress of
climbers on Mount Everest.

Mo
M
Mountaineering
ou
un
ntta
nt ain
inee
eerriing
ing
ng

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 60 4/29/20 2:43 PM

 GO DIGITAL

Preparing for Chapter

Chapter Learning Target
2
Understand solving linear inequalities.
Chapter Success Criteria I can solve simple and multi-step inequalities.
I can describe how to solve inequalities.
I can compare and contrast solving inequalities
with solving equations. Surface
I can apply techniques for solving inequalities to Deep
solve real-life applications.

VOCAB
Chapter Vocabulary
Work with a partner. Discuss each of the vocabulary terms.

inequality compound inequality

solution of an inequality absolute value inequality
equivalent inequalities

Mathematical Practices
Make Sense of Problems and Persevere in Solving Them
Mathematically proficient students make conjectures about the form and meaning of the solution.

Work with a partner. For every increase in elevation of 1000 feet,

the temperature decreases about 3.5°F. A climber on K2 records a
temperature of 1°F at an elevation of 17,700 feet.

1. Which inequality represents the elevations h (in feet) for which

the temperature is less than −20°F?

h − 17,700
1 − 3.5h ≤ −20 (
1 − 3.5 — < −20
1000 )
h − 17,700
1 − 3.5h < −20 (
1 − 3.5 — ≤ −20
1000 )
2. What conclusions can you make about the values of h that make
the inequality true?

3. Your friend says that the solution of the inequality is h < 23,700.
The summit of K2 is the second
Is your friend correct? Explain your reasoning.
highest point on Earth, with an
elevation of 28,251 feet.

61

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 61 4/29/20 2:45 PM

 2
GO DIGITAL

Prepare WITH

Graphing Numbers on a Number Line

WATCH
Example 1 Graph each number.
a. 3

−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5

b. −0.2

−0.5 −0.4 −0.3 −0.2 −0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

WATCH
Example 2 Graph each number.
a. ∣4∣ The absolute value of a positive number is positive.

−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5

b. ∣ −1— ∣
1
3 The absolute value of a negative number is positive.

−1
2
−1
1 −1 −
2
−
1 0 1 2 1 1
1
1
2
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

Graph the number.

1
1. 6 2. −5 3. −—4

4. ∣2∣ 5. ∣ −1 ∣ 6. −∣ −2.2 ∣

Comparing Real Numbers

WATCH
Example 3 Complete the statement −1 −5 with <, >, or =.

Graph –5. Graph –1.

−7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3

−1 is to the right of −5. So, −1 > −5.

Complete the statement with <, >, or =.

1
7. 2 9 8. −6 5 9. −—2 −4

10. −7 −7.5 11. ∣ −8 ∣ ∣8∣ 12. −1—5

2
∣ −3—58 ∣
13. NUMBER SENSE A number a is to the left of a number b on a number line.
How do the numbers −a and −b compare?

62 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 62 4/29/20 2:45 PM

 2.1 Writing and Graphing Inequalities GO DIGITAL

Learning Target Write inequalities and represent solutions of inequalities on number lines.

Success Criteria • I can write word sentences as inequalities.

• I can determine whether a value is a solution of an inequality.
• I can graph and interpret inequalities.

EXPLORE IT Interpreting a Diagram

Work with a partner. Use the diagram shown.

Geography of Life Expectancy in the Bottom Income Quartile

Life Expectancy
at Age 40
(in years)
>80.7
>80.1 − ≤80.7
>79.7 − ≤80.1
>79.4 − ≤79.7
>79.1 − ≤79.4
>78.9 − ≤79.1
>78.6 − ≤78.9
>78.3 − ≤78.6
>77.9 − ≤78.3
≤77.9
Insufficient data

Math Practice a. Explain what the diagram represents in your own words.
Use a Diagram
Why is it important to b. Which state do you think has the highest life expectancy for lower-income
be able to interpret people at age 40? Which state do you think has the lowest? Explain
real-life data sets that your reasoning.
are represented by maps,
diagrams, and other c. Which city do you think has a higher life expectancy for lower-income
data displays? people at age 40, Detroit or Boston? Explain your reasoning.

d. Write several other observations you can make from the diagram.

e. Explain how you can represent one piece of information from the
diagram graphically.

f. CHOOSE TOOLS Use the Internet or some other reference to find

a real-life data set represented by a data display that uses inequalities.

2.1 Writing and Graphing Inequalities 63

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 63 4/29/20 2:46 PM

 Writing Linear Inequalities
GO DIGITAL
An inequality is a mathematical sentence that compares expressions.
Vocabulary An inequality contains the symbol <, >, ≤, or ≥. To write an inequality,
inequality, p. 64 look for the following phrases to determine which inequality symbol to use.
solution of an inequality,
p. 65 Inequality Symbols
solution set, p. 65 Symbol < > ≤ ≥
graph of an inequality, p. 66 ● is less ● is greater ● is less than or ● is greater than
than than equal to or equal to
Key
phrases ● is fewer ● is more ● is at most ● is at least
than than ● is no more than ● is no less than

EXAMPLE 1 Writing Inequalities

Write each sentence as an inequality.

a. A number w minus 3.5 is less than or equal to −2.
b. Three is less than a number n plus 5.
c. Zero is greater than or equal to twice a number x plus 1.

SOLUTION
a. A number w minus 3.5 is less than or equal to −2.
w − 3.5 ≤ −2
An inequality is w − 3.5 ≤ −2.
REMEMBER
b. Three is less than a number n plus 5.
The inequality 3 < n + 5 is
the same as n + 5 > 3. 3 < n+5
An inequality is 3 < n + 5.

c. Zero is greater than or equal to twice a number x plus 1.

0 ≥ 2x + 1
An inequality is 0 ≥ 2x + 1.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Write the sentence as an inequality.

1. A number b is fewer than 30.4. 2. Eleven is more than a number y divided by 4.
7
3. −—
10 is at least twice a number k minus 4. 4. The sum of a number z and 16.2 is at most 30.

5. COMPLETE THE SENTENCE A mathematical sentence using the symbols <, >, ≤, or ≥ is called
a(n)_______.
6. DIFFERENT WORDS, SAME QUESTION Which is different? Write “both” inequalities.

w is greater than or equal to −7. w is no less than −7.

w is no more than −7. w is at least −7.

64 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 64 4/29/20 2:47 PM

 Sketching Graphs of Linear Inequalities
GO DIGITAL
A solution of an inequality is a value that makes the inequality true.
An inequality can have more than one solution. The set of all solutions
of an inequality is called the solution set.
WORDS AND MATH
The word set can mean a Value of x x + 5 ≥ −2 Is the inequality true?
collection of similar things
?
that belong together, such −6 + 5 ≥ −2
−6
as a train set, a set of dishes,
or a set of cards.
−1 ≥ −2 ✓ yes

?
−7 + 5 ≥ −2
−7
✓
yes
−2 ≥ −2
?
−8 + 5 ≥ −2

REMEMBER
−8
−3 ≥ −2 ✗ no

Recall that a diagonal line

through an inequality
symbol means the inequality
EXAMPLE 2 Checking Solutions of Inequalities
is not true. For instance, the
symbol ≥ means “is not Tell whether −4 is a solution of each inequality.
greater than or equal to.”
a. x + 8 < −3
b. −4.5x > −21

SOLUTION
a. x + 8 < −3 Write the inequality.
?
−4 + 8 < −3 Substitute −4 for x.

4 < −3 ✗ Simplify.

So, −4 is not a solution of the inequality.

b. −4.5x > −21 Write the inequality.

?
−4.5(−4) > −21 Substitute −4 for x.

18 > −21 ✓ Simplify.

So, −4 is a solution of the inequality.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

7. VOCABULARY Is 5 in the solution set of x + 3 > 8? Explain.

Tell whether −6 is a solution of the inequality.
8. c + 4 < −1 9. 10 ≤ 3 − m 10. 21 ÷ x ≥ −3.5

7 33
11. 4x − 25 > −2 12. −— d < −8 13. 5 ≤ −—
5 h

14. REASONING List four solutions of the inequality in Exercise 11.

2.1 Writing and Graphing Inequalities 65

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 65 4/29/20 2:47 PM

 The graph of an inequality shows the solution set of the inequality on a
number line. An open circle, ○, is used when a number is not a solution. GO DIGITAL
A closed circle, ●, is used when a number is a solution. An arrow to the
left or right shows that the graph continues in that direction.

EXAMPLE 3 Graphing Inequalities

Graph each inequality.

a. y ≤ −3 b. —52 < x c. z > 0

SOLUTION
a. Test a number to the left of −3. y = −4 is a solution.
Test a number to the right of −3. y = 0 is not a solution.

Use a closed circle

because –3 is a solution.

ANOTHER WAY −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4

Another way to represent Shade the number line on the side

the solutions of an where you found a solution.
inequality is to use
set-builder notation. In b. Test a number to the left of —52. x = 0 is not a solution.
Example 3(a), the solutions 5
can be written as Test a number to the right of —2 . x = 4 is a solution.

{ y | y ≤ −3},
Use an open circle because
which is read as “the set of 5
2
is not a solution.
all numbers y such that y is
less than or equal to −3.”
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Shade the number line on the side

where you found a solution.

c. Just by looking at the inequality, you can see that it represents the set of all
positive numbers.

Use an open circle because

0 is not a solution.

−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Shade the number line on the

positive side of 0.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

15. PRECISION Describe how to graph an inequality.

Graph the inequality.
—
19. v ≥ √ 36
1
16. b > −8 17. 1.4 ≥ g 18. r < —2

20. REASONING How are the graphs of k < 0 and k ≤ 0 alike? How are they different?

66 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 66 4/29/20 2:48 PM

 Writing and Interpreting Inequalities
GO DIGITAL
EXAMPLE 4 Writing an Inequality from a Graph

The graph shows the height restriction h (in inches) for a ride at an amusement park.
Write and interpret an inequality that represents the height restriction for the ride.

44 46 48 50 52 54

SOLUTION

The closed circle means that 48 is a solution.

44 46 48 50 52 54

Because the arrow points to the right, all

numbers greater than 48 are solutions.

So, h ≥ 48 represents the height restriction for the ride. This means that you must
be at least 48 inches tall to go on the ride.

EXAMPLE 5 Interpreting an Inequality

Let A represent the number of students in the school band. Let B represent the number
of students in the school choir, where B is less than A. Interpret the inequality and tell
whether it is true.
A+B A
— < —
2 A+B
SOLUTION
The sum A + B represents the total number of students in the band and the choir.
The mean number of students in the band and choir is A + B divided by 2.
A+B
So, — is a number between B and A.
2
A
The quantity — relates the number of band students to the number of students
A+B
in both the band and the choir.
A
Because A < A + B, you can conclude that — is less than 1.
A+B
A+B A
Because — ≮ —, the inequality is not true.
2 A+B

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

21. The graph shows the height restriction h (in inches) for a ride at a water park. Write
and interpret an inequality that represents the height restriction for the ride.

44 46 48 50 52 54

22. Use the information in Example 5 to interpret the inequality and tell whether it is true.
Explain your reasoning.
A B B 1
a. — < — b. — ≥ —
B A A+B 2

2.1 Writing and Graphing Inequalities 67

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 67 4/29/20 2:48 PM

 2.1 Practice WITH AND
GO DIGITAL

In Exercises 1–8, write the sentence as an inequality. 20. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS The winner
Example 1 of a weight-lifting competition bench-pressed
400 pounds. The other competitors
1. A number x is greater than 3. all bench-pressed at least
23 pounds less.
2. A number n plus 7 is less than or equal to 9.
a. Write an inequality that
3. Fifteen is no more than a number t divided by 5. represents the weights that the
other competitors bench-pressed.
4. One-half of a number y is more than 22. b. Was one of the other competitors
able to bench-press 379 pounds? Explain.
5. The sum of a number v and 6.2 is at least −4.7.
OPEN-ENDED In Exercises 21 and 22, describe a real-life
6. Four is no less than the quotient of a number x situation that can be modeled by the inequality.
and 2.1.
21. 12x ≥ 60 22. 23 + x ≤ 31
5 4
—3
7. Three times a number k minus is no more than —9 .
In Exercises 23 –30, graph the inequality. Example 3
8. −—78 is at most the difference of twice a number m
23. x ≥ 2 24. z ≤ 5
and —54.
25. −1 > t 26. −2 < w
In Exercises 9–18, tell whether the value is a solution of
3
the inequality. Example 2 27. v ≤ −4.8 28. s < —2

9. r + 4 > 8; r = 2 10. 5 − x < 8; x = −3 29. —14 < p 30. r ≥ −∣ 5 ∣

11. 3s ≤ 19; s = −6 12. 17 ≥ 2y; y = 7

ERROR ANALYSIS In Exercises 31 and 32, describe and
correct the error in graphing the inequality.
x 4
13. −1 > −—; x = 3 14. — ≥ 3; z = 2

✗
2 z 31.
−3 ≥ g
10 3m
15. 20 ≤ — + 20; z = 5 16. — − 2 > 3; m = 8
2z 6
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
17. 10.4 ≥ −2n + 4.6; n = −2.9

7 5 5

✗
18. −5q − — + 8q < —; q = — 32.
4 8 6 f < 0.5
19. MODELING REAL LIFE The Xianren Bridge is located
in Guangxi Province, China. This arch is the world’s
−1.5 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
longest natural arch, with a length of 400 feet. Write
an inequality that represents the
possible lengths (in inches) In Exercises 33– 38, write and graph an inequality for
of all other natural arches. the given solution set.

33. {x ∣ x < 7} 34. {n ∣ n ≥ −2}

35. {z ∣ 1.3 ≤ z} 36. {w ∣ 5.2 > w}

37. { k ∣ k ≤ —95 } 38. { m ∣ —38 < m }

68

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 68 4/29/20 2:49 PM

 In Exercises 39 and 40, write an inequality that
represents the graph. GO DIGITAL

39.
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5

40.
−1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

41. MODELING REAL LIFE The graph shows the hourly

wage requirement m (in dollars) for employees
in a state. Write and interpret an inequality that 44. PROBLEM SOLVING An elevation more than
represents the state's hourly wage requirement. 18,000 feet above sea level is considered extremely
Example 4 high altitude. Supplementary oxygen is recommended
when climbing at extremely high altitudes. A
mountaineer plans to climb a mountain with an
7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10
elevation of 6282 meters. Is supplementary oxygen
recommended for the climb? Explain.

42. MODELING REAL LIFE The graphs show the In Exercises 45–48, let X and Y represent the
weight restrictions w (in tons) for vehicles with populations of two cities, where X is greater than Y.
(a) 2 axles, (b) 3 axles, and (c) 4 axles traveling Interpret the inequality and tell whether it is true.
on state roads. For each type of vehicle, write and Example 5
interpret an inequality that represents the weight X+Y X+Y
45. 2Y > X + Y 46. — < —
restriction (in pounds). X Y
Y X 1 Y
a. 47. — < — 48. —( X − Y ) ≥ X − —
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 X+Y Y 2 2

49. REASONING Complete the inequality

b.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 2 ∣ x + 5 ∣ with <, ≤, >, or ≥ so that x = 3 and
x = −3 are both solutions of the inequality.

c.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 50. HOW DO YOU SEE IT?
The graph represents the known melting points of
43. COLLEGE PREP The water temperature of a swimming all metallic elements (in degrees Celsius).
pool must be no less than 76°F. The temperature is
currently 74°F. Which graph shows how much the −38.93 −38.91 −38.89 −38.87 −38.85 −38.83
temperature must increase to meet the requirement? a. Write an inequality represented by the graph.
Explain your reasoning.
b. Write an inequality for the set of all numbers
A not represented by the graph. What does the
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 inequality represent in this context?

B CONNECTING CONCEPTS In Exercises 51 and 52, write

−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
an inequality that represents the missing dimension x.
51. The area is less than 52. The area is greater than
C 18 square centimeters. or equal to 8 square feet.
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
4 cm x ft

D x cm
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
10 ft
8 cm

2.1 Writing and Graphing Inequalities 69

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 69 4/29/20 2:50 PM

 53. PROBLEM SOLVING A one-way bus ride costs 55. A runner finishes a
$1.65. A monthly pass costs $52. You ride the bus 200-meter dash in 35 seconds. Let r GO DIGITAL
twice each weekday. Should you buy the monthly represent any speed (in meters per second)
pass? Explain. faster than the runner’s speed.
a. Write an inequality that represents r. Then graph
54. THOUGHT PROVOKING the inequality.
A company charges A dollars per unit for x units, b. Every point on the graph in part (a) represents a
plus an initial fee B (in dollars) for a product, speed faster than the runner’s speed. Explain why
Ax + B
where B is greater than A. Explain what — every point may not represent the speed of a runner.
x
represents and write an inequality that represents its c. Show how you can use a second inequality to alter
possible values. the graph in part (a) so that every point represents
a possible speed of a runner.

REVIEW & REFRESH

In Exercises 56– 61, solve the equation. Check your In Exercises 71– 74, solve the literal equation for x.
solution.

56. x + 2 = 3 57. −12 = y − 11

71. v = x y z⋅⋅ 72. s = 2r + 3x

2x + 1
z 4 73. w = 5 + 3(x − 1) 74. n=—
58. — = — 59. 10 = 2.5w 2
6 3
60. 3.4v − 7 + 4.6v = 17 75. NUMBER SENSE A wood plank is exactly
12 feet long. You use three different laser
61. 3(5s + 2) − 9s = −42 measuring devices to measure the length of the
plank. The results are shown in the table. Which
62. Determine whether the solids are similar. measurement is the most accurate?

Laser measure 1 2 3
Length (feet) 12.01 11.989 12.1
16 cm 4 cm
2 cm 1 cm In Exercises 76 and 77, graph the inequality.

6 cm
76. q ≤ −4 77. p > 1
8 cm
78. MODELING REAL LIFE The tallest person who ever
63. OPEN-ENDED Write an equation that has (a) one lived was 8 feet 11.1 inches tall.
solution, (b) no solution, and (c) infinitely many
a. Write an inequality that represents the possible
solutions.
heights of every other person who has ever lived.
In Exercises 64– 67, solve the equation. Check your b. Is 9 feet a solution of the inequality? Explain.
solutions.

64. ∣ 2a − 3 ∣ = 15 65. —4 ∣ 7 + d ∣ − —2 = −5
1 5 79. Find the missing values in the ratio table. Then
write the equivalent ratios.
66. ∣ 4g + 16 ∣ = 8g 67. ∣ 3h − 1 ∣ = ∣ 7 + 3h ∣
Baseballs 12 72
68. MODELING REAL LIFE A store pays $95 for a Gloves 3 6 9
drone. What is the selling price when the markup
is 25%? In Exercises 80 and 81, write the sentence as an
In Exercises 69 and 70, complete the statement. inequality.
Round to the nearest hundredth, if necessary.
80. Eight is less than or equal to a number z.
69. 84 c = gal 70. 3.6 m = mm
81. The difference of a number p and 1 is greater than 6.

70 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 70 4/29/20 2:51 PM

 Solving Inequalities Using
2.2 GO DIGITAL
Addition or Subtraction
Learning Target Write and solve inequalities using addition or subtraction.

Success Criteria • I can apply the Addition and Subtraction Properties of Inequality to
produce equivalent inequalities.
• I can solve inequalities using addition or subtraction.
• I can use inequalities to model real-life problems.

EXPLORE IT Quarterback Passing Efficiency

Work with a partner. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)
uses the following formula to rank the passing efficiencies P of quarterbacks.

Math Practice
Make Sense 8.4Y + 100C + 330T − 200N
P = ———
of Quantities A
Which has a greater
effect on the value of P, Y = total length of all completed passes (in Yards)
a touchdown or an C = Completed passes
interception? How do
you know? T = passes resulting in a Touchdown
N = iNtercepted passes
A = Attempted passes
M = incoMplete passes

Touchdown
Completed
Not Touchdown
Attempts Intercepted
Incomplete

a. Determine whether each inequality must be true. Explain

lain your reasoning.

i. T < C ii. C + N ≤ A
iii. N < A iv. A − C ≥ M

b. You have used properties of equality to solve equations involving addition or

subtraction. Can you use similar properties to solve inequalities involving addition
or subtraction? Explain your reasoning.
Attempts
c. Use C + N ≤ A and A − C ≥ M from part (a) to support your answer in part (b).
Completions
Yards d. For each inequality below, complete a table with passing statistics that satisfy the
Touchdowns inequality. Then describe the values of P that make each inequality true.
Interceptions i. P < 0 ii. P + 100 ≥ 250 iii. P − 250 > −80

2.2 Solving Inequalities Using Addition or Subtraction 71

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 71 4/29/20 2:51 PM

 Solving Inequalities Using Addition
GO DIGITAL
Just as you used the properties of equality to produce equivalent equations,
Vocabulary you can use the properties of inequality to produce equivalent inequalities.
equivalent inequalities, p. 72 Equivalent inequalities are inequalities that have the same solutions.

KEY IDEA
Addition Property of Inequality
Words Adding the same number to each side of an inequality produces
an equivalent inequality.
Numbers −3 < 2 −3 ≥ −10
+4 +4 +3 +3
1 < 6 0 ≥ −7
Algebra If a > b, then a + c > b + c. If a ≥ b, then a + c ≥ b + c.
If a < b, then a + c < b + c. If a ≤ b, then a + c ≤ b + c.

The diagram shows one way to visualize the Addition Property of Inequality
when c > 0.
+c +c

a < b a+c < b+c

EXAMPLE 1 Solving an Inequality Using Addition

Solve x − 6 ≥ −10. Graph the solution.

SOLUTION
x − 6 ≥ −10 Write the inequality.
Undo the subtraction. +6 +6 Addition Property of Inequality
x ≥ −4 Simplify.
REMEMBER The solution is x ≥ −4.
To check this solution,
x ≥ –4
substitute numbers to the
left and right of −4 into −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2
the original inequality.
x = – 5 is not a solution. x = 0 is a solution.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the inequality. Graph the solution.

1 1
1. b − 2 > −9 2. m − 3 ≤ 5 3. —4 > y − —4 4. 0.07 ≤ −4.05 + z

5. VOCABULARY Is the inequality x ≤ 6 equivalent to the inequality x − 5 ≤ 6 − 5? Explain

your reasoning.
6. REASONING The possible values of x are given by x − 4 ≥ −1. What is the greatest
possible value of −5x? Explain your reasoning.

72 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 72 4/29/20 2:51 PM

 Solving Inequalities Using Subtraction
GO DIGITAL
KEY IDEA
Subtraction Property of Inequality
Words Subtracting the same number from each side of an inequality produces
an equivalent inequality.
Numbers −3 ≤ 1 7 > −20
−5 −5 −7 −7
−8 ≤ −4 0 > −27
Algebra If a > b, then a − c > b − c. If a ≥ b, then a − c ≥ b − c.
If a < b, then a − c < b − c. If a ≤ b, then a − c ≤ b − c.

The diagram shows one way to visualize the Subtraction Property of Inequality
when c > 0.
−c −c

a−c < b−c a < b

EXAMPLE 2 Solving Inequalities Using Subtraction

Solve each inequality. Graph each solution.

a. y + 8 ≤ 5 b. −8 < 1.4 + m

SOLUTION
a. y + 8 ≤ 5 Write the inequality.
Undo the addition. −8 −8 Subtraction Property of Inequality
y≤ −3 Simplify.
The solution is y ≤ −3.

y ≤ –3

−8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2

b. −8 < 1.4 + m Write the inequality.

− 1.4 − 1.4 Subtraction Property of Inequality
−9.4 < m Simplify.
The solution is m > −9.4.
m > –9.4

−9.9 −9.8 −9.7 −9.6 −9.5 −9.4 −9.3 −9.2 −9.1 −9.0 −8.9

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the inequality. Graph the solution.

1
7. k + 5 ≤ −3 8. 75 < 58 + w 9. —56 ≤ z + —6 10. p + 0.7 > −2.3

11. OPEN-ENDED Write two inequalities that have a solution of y ≥ −3. One must require
using subtraction to solve the inequality and the other must require using addition.

2.2 Solving Inequalities Using Addition or Subtraction 73

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 73 4/29/20 2:52 PM

 Solving Real-Life Problems
S
GO DIGITAL
EXAMPLE 3 Modeling Real Life

A circuit overloads at 1800 watts of electricity. You plug

Equipment Watts
aan amplifier that uses 900 watts of electricity into the
ccircuit. In addition to the amplifier, which of the following Lighting 600
eequipment can you plug into the circuit at the same time Fog machine 1 450
without overloading the circuit?
w
Fog machine 2 450
SOLUTION
S Television 200
11. Understand the Problem You know that a circuit overloads at 1800 watts. You
also know the numbers of watts used by several pieces of equipment. You are asked
to determine what you can plug in without overloading the circuit.
22. Make a Plan Use a verbal model to write an inequality that represents the
numbers of watts you can add without overloading the circuit. Then solve the
inequality and identify other equipment that you can plug in without overloading
the circuit.
33. Solve and Check
Verbal Watts used Additional Overload
+ <
Model by amplifier watts wattage

Variable Let w be the additional watts you can add to the circuit.
Inequality 900 + w < 1800
900 + w < 1800 Write the inequality.
− 900 − 900 Subtraction Property of Inequality
w < 900 Simplify.
You can add up to 900 watts to the circuit. So, you can also plug in the lighting
and the television, one of the fog machines and the television, or any individual
piece of equipment.

Check
You can check that your answer is correct by adding the numbers of watts used
by each grouping of equipment.
900 + 600 + 200 = 1700 900 + 450 + 200 = 1550
The circuit will not overload because the total wattage is less than 1800 watts. ✓

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

12. The capacity of a flash drive is shown in the diagram. You copy two files to the
Used space 19.9 GB
flash drive, one of which is 1.92 gigabytes (GB) and the other 3.4 gigabytes.
Which of the following folders can you also copy to the flash drive? Free space 12.1 GB
1.81 GB 5.2 GB 2.84 GB
32 GB

Miscellaneous Photos Music

13. REASONING In Example 3, explain why you cannot plug in both fog machines
along with the amplifier.

74 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 74 4/29/20 2:53 PM

 2.2 Practice WITH AND
GO DIGITAL

✗
In Exercises 1−14, solve the inequality. Graph the 22.
solution. Examples 1 and 2 −17 < x − 14
−17 + 14 < x − 14 + 14
1. x − 4 < −5 2. 1 ≤ s − 8
−3 < x
3. 6 ≥ m − 1 4. c − 12 > −4
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0
5. r + 4 < 5 6. −8 ≤ 8 + y

7. 9 + w > 7 8. 15 ≥ q + 3 23. MODELING REAL LIFE An airline charges an extra fee

for a checked bag that weighs more than 50 pounds.
9. h − (−2) ≥ 10 10. −6 > t − (−13) Your bag weighs 44.9 pounds. You have a 2.5-pound
hair dryer, a 1.3-pound souvenir, and a 3.6-pound pair
11. j + 1.7 < −2.1 12. −5.2 + y ≥ −7.4 of boots. Which items can you add to the bag without
4 2 1 2
paying the extra fee? Example 3
13. −—5 ≥ p − —5 14. —6 + z > 2—3
24. MODELING REAL LIFE A website offers free shipping
In Exercises 15−18, write the sentence as an inequality. on orders of $75 or more. You have items totaling
Then solve the inequality. $34.95 in your shopping cart. You want to add
one sweater and one shirt to your cart. With which
15. A number plus 8 is greater than 11.
combination can you get free shipping and also spend
the least amount of money?
16. A number minus 3 is at least −5.
Sweater Price Shirt Price
17. The difference of a number and 9 is fewer than 4.
A $29.95 A $15.75
18. Six is less than or equal to the sum of a number B $24.50 B $12.95
and 3—14 .
CONNECTING CONCEPTS In Exercises 25 and 26, write
19. MODELING REAL LIFE An NHL hockey player has
and solve an inequality to find the possible values of x.
59 goals so far in a season. What are the possible
numbers of additional goals the player can score to 25. Perimeter < 51.3 in. 26. Perimeter ≤ 18.7 ft
break the NHL record of 92 goals in a season? 4.1 ft

20. MODELING REAL LIFE x in. 4.9 ft

Nutrition Facts 14.2 in.
You want your daily
Serving Size 1 Bar (37g) x ft
sodium intake to be less Servings Per Container 8
than 2300 milligrams. For Amount Per Serving

breakfast, you eat a cereal Calories 120 Calories from Fat 30 14.2 in. 6.4 ft
bar with the nutrition label Total Fat 3g 5%
shown. What are the possible Saturated Fat 0.5g 3% 27. MAKING AN ARGUMENT In an aerial ski competition,
Trans Fat 0g
amounts of sodium you can Cholesterol 0mg 0% you perform two acrobatic ski jumps. The scores on
eat during the rest of the day? Sodium 125mg 5% the two jumps are then added together.

ERROR ANALYSIS In Exercises 21 and 22, describe and Ski Competitor’s Your
correct the error in solving the inequality and graphing jump score score
the solution. 1 117.1 119.5

✗
21. 2 119.8
−10 + x ≥ − 9
−10 + 10 + x ≥ − 9 a. Describe the possible scores that you can earn on
your second jump to beat your competitor.
x ≥ −9
b. Your coach says that you will beat your competitor
−12 −11 −10 −9 −8 −7 −6 if you score 118.4 points. A teammate says that you
only need 117.5 points. Who is correct? Explain.

2.2 Solving Inequalities Using Addition or Subtraction 75

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 75 4/29/20 2:53 PM

 28. HOW DO YOU SEE IT?
30. REASONING What is the greatest
The diagram represents the numbers of students in 7 GO DIGITAL
value of 2n + 7 when — ≥ —56 + n?
a school with brown eyes, brown hair, or both. 12

Brown Brown 31. COLLEGE PREP Which of the following inequalities

hair, H eyes, E are equivalent to the inequality x − b < 3, where b is
a constant? Select all that apply.
A x−b−3 < 0 B 0 > b−x+3
Both, X C x < 3−b D −3 < b − x

32. THOUGHT PROVOKING

Use the inequalities
Determine whether each inequality must be true.
Explain your reasoning. c − 3 ≥ d, b + 4 < a + 1, and a − 2 ≤ d − 7

a. H ≥ E b. H + 10 ≥ E to order a, b, c, and d from least to greatest.

c. H ≥ X d. H + 10 ≥ X
e. H > X f. H + 10 > X 33. Write an inequality that requires using
addition or subtraction to solve and has the solution
shown in the graph. Then describe a real-life situation
29. REASONING Write and graph an inequality that that can be modeled by the inequality.
represents the numbers that are not solutions of each
inequality.
16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 17.0 17.1 17.2
a. x + 8 < 14 b. x − 12 ≥ 5.7

REVIEW & REFRESH

In Exercises 34 –37, find the product or quotient. 43. You randomly choose one of the letters shown.
What is the theoretical probability of choosing
⋅
34. 7 (−9) 35. −11 (−12) ⋅ a vowel?

36. −27 ÷ (−3) 37. 20 ÷ (−5)

In Exercises 38 and 39, solve the equation. Check

your solution.
n
38. −3y = −18 39. — = −7.3
4
In Exercises 44 and 45, solve the inequality. Graph
40. MODELING REAL LIFE The graph shows the age the solution.
requirement x (in years) for obtaining a driver’s
44. 6 ≥ w + 11 45. x − 4.5 > −1.8
license in a state. Write and interpret an inequality
that represents the age requirement.
46. MODELING REAL LIFE You average 55 miles per
hour while driving to a relative’s house. On the
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 return trip, you average 50 miles per hour due to
bad weather. The total driving time is 5 hours and
41. Solve the equation 2∣ x + 5 ∣ = ∣ 3x − 2 ∣. Check 15 minutes. How long does each trip take?
your solutions.
In Exercises 47 and 48, find the square root.
42. REASONING Describe the values of a — —

√
4
for which the equation ∣ x + 12 ∣ − 10 = a has 47. √ 121 48. − —
81
no solution.

76 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 76 4/29/20 2:54 PM

 Solving Inequalities Using
2.3 GO DIGITAL
Multiplication or Division
Learning Target Write and solve inequalities using multiplication or division.

Success Criteria • I can apply the Multiplication and Division Properties of Inequality
to produce equivalent inequalities.
• I can solve inequalities using multiplication or division.
• I can recognize when to reverse an inequality symbol while solving
an inequality.

EXPLORE IT Solving Inequalities

Work with a partner.
a. Which graph represents the solutions of −6 > 3x? Does the other graph
represent the solutions of 6 < −3x? Explain your reasoning.

i.
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1

ii.
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1

b. Your friend uses properties of inequality to solve 6 < −3x two different
ways, but gets two different answers. Is either solution correct? What did
your friend do wrong?

Solution Method #1

6 < −3x Write the inequality.

−2 < x Divide each side by −3.
The solution is x > −2.

Solution Method #2

6 < −3x Write the inequality.

3x + 6 < 0 Add 3x to each side.

3x < −6 Subtract 6 from each side.

Math Practice x < −2 Divide each side by 3.

Consider Similar
The solution is x < −2.
Problems
How can you use a
number line to convince a
friend that your rules for c. Write a rule that describes how to solve an inequality of the form ax < b
solving ax < b are valid? when a is positive and when a is negative. Explain.

2.3 Solving Inequalities Using Multiplication or Division 77

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 77 4/29/20 2:55 PM

 Multiplying or Dividing by Positive Numbers
GO DIGITAL
KEY IDEA
Multiplication and Division Properties of Inequality (c is positive)
Words Multiplying or dividing each side of an inequality by the same positive
number produces an equivalent inequality.
Numbers −6 < 8 6 > −8

⋅
2 (−6) < 2 8 ⋅ 6
— > —
2
−8
2
−12 < 16 3 > −4
a b
Algebra If a > b and c is positive, then ac > bc. If a > b and c is positive, then — > —.
c c
a b
If a < b and c is positive, then ac < bc. If a < b and c is positive, then — < —.
c c
These properties are also true for ≤ and ≥.

EXAMPLE 1 Multiplying or Dividing by Positive Numbers

x
Solve (a) — > −5 and (b) −27 ≥ 6x. Graph each solution.
8

SOLUTION
x
a. — > −5 Write the inequality.
8

Undo the division. 8 ⋅ —8x > 8 ⋅ (−5) Multiplication Property of Inequality

x > −40 Simplify. x > – 40

The solution is x > −40. −42 −41 −40 −39 −38

b. −27 ≥ 6x Write the inequality.

−27 6x
Undo the multiplication. — ≥ — Division Property of Inequality
6 6
1
−4— ≥ x Simplify. 1
2 x ≤ –4 2

The solution is x ≤ −4—12 . −5 2

1 −5 −4 2
1 −4 −3 2
1

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the inequality. Graph the solution.

n 1
1. — ≥ −1 2. −6 ≥ —w 3. 4b ≥ 39 4. −18 > 1.5q
7 5
1
5. REASONING Can you use the Multiplication Property of Inequality to solve 8m > −—
10
?
Can you use the Division Property of Inequality to solve −—92 > 3
—2 n? Explain your reasoning.

78 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 78 4/29/20 2:55 PM

 Multiplying or Dividing by Negative Numbers
GO DIGITAL

KEY IDEA
Multiplication and Division Properties of Inequality (c is negative)
Words When multiplying or dividing each side of an inequality by the same negative
number, the direction of the inequality symbol must be reversed to produce an
equivalent inequality.
Numbers −6 < 8 6 > −8

⋅
−2 (−6) > −2 8 ⋅ 6
— < —
−2
−8
−2
12 > −16 −3 < 4
a b
Algebra If a > b and c is negative, then ac < bc. If a > b and c is negative, then — < —.
c c
a b
If a < b and c is negative, then ac > bc. If a < b and c is negative, then — > —.
c c
These properties are also true for ≤ and ≥.

COMMON ERROR EXAMPLE 2 Multiplying or Dividing by Negative Numbers

A negative sign in an Solve each inequality. Graph each solution.
inequality does not
y
necessarily mean a. 2 < — b. −7y ≤ −35
you must reverse the −3
inequality symbol, as
SOLUTION
shown in Example 1.
y
a. 2<— Write the inequality.
Only reverse the inequality −3
symbol when you multiply
or divide each side by a ⋅
−3 2 > −3 —
y
−3 ⋅ Use the Multiplication Property of Inequality.
Reverse the inequality symbol.
negative number.
−6 > y Simplify. y < –6
The solution is y < −6. −8 −7 −6 −5 −4

b. −7y ≤ −35 Write the inequality.

Undo the multiplication. −7y −35 Use the Division Property of Inequality.
— ≥ —
−7 −7 Reverse the inequality symbol.

y≥5 Simplify. y≥5

The solution is y ≥ 5. 3 4 5 6 7

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the inequality. Graph the solution.

x 1
6. — ≤ −5 7. 1 ≥ − — z 8. −9m > 67.5 9. −0.4y ≥ −12
−5 10
10. WRITING Explain how solving 200x < −800 is different from solving −200x < 800.

2.3 Solving Inequalities Using Multiplication or Division 79

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 79 4/29/20 2:56 PM

 Solving Real-Life Problems
GO DIGITAL
EXAMPLE 3 Modeling Real Life

Your friend saves $150 each month to buy a down suit needed for a high-altitude
mountain-climbing trip. Describe the numbers of months your friend needs to save
to buy the suit.

SOLUTION
1. Understand the Problem You know how much your friend saves each month and
how much the suit costs. You are asked how long your friend needs to save in order
to buy the suit.
2. Make a Plan Use a verbal model to write an inequality. Then solve the inequality
and interpret the solution.
3. Solve and Check

⋅
Verbal
Monthly savings Months ≥ Cost of suit
Model

Variable Let m be the number of months your friend saves money.

Inequality 150 ⋅ m ≥ 1249.95

150m ≥ 1249.95 Write the inequality.

Mountainwear Down Suit 150m 1249.95
— ≥ — Division Property of Inequality
$1249.95 150 150
m ≥ 8.333 Simplify.

Math Practice Your friend needs to save for more than 8 months, or at least 9 months,
to buy the suit.
Interpret Results
Why is the solution
rounded up to 9 months Check Reasonableness In 10 months, your friend would save
in this situation?
$150
— × 10 mo = $1500.
mo
Your friend would have a few hundred dollars more than the amount needed.
So, your answer of 9 months or more is reasonable.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

11. You have at most $2.85 for a parking meter. Each 15-minute interval costs $0.25..
Describe the amounts of time that you can park.

12. The photograph shows the speed limit for cars on a highway during the day
and at night.
a. How many hours does it take a car traveling at the speed limit to travel
175 miles during the day?
b. The car in part (a) travels at or below the nighttime speed limit on the
return trip. Describe how much longer the return trip could take.

80 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 80 4/29/20 2:56 PM

 2.3 Practice WITH AND
GO DIGITAL

In Exercises 1−16, solve the inequality. Graph the

USING TOOLS In Exercises 21−24, solve the
solution. Examples 1 and 2
inequality. Use technology to verify your answer.
1. 3y ≤ −9 2. −6t < 12
21. 36 < 3y 22. 17v ≥ 51
3. −15 ≤ −3c 4. −9y > 27
n
23. 4 > — 24. 1.1y < 4.4
−4
5. −20 ≤ 10n 6. 4x < 14
25. MODELING REAL LIFE The U.S. Mint pays $0.11
5
7. 29.6 < 7.4t 8. −— ≥ −10z to produce every $5 bill. How many $5 bills are
6 produced when the U.S. Mint pays more than
x w $5.5 million in production costs for $5 bills?
9. — > −2 10. — ≤ 16
2 −5
8 a 26. HOW DO YOU SEE IT?
11. −16 ≤ — t 12. — < 10.2
3 4 Let m > 0. Match each inequality with its graph.
4 2 Explain your reasoning.
13. 22 ≥ — w 14. −6 > −— y
5 3 x x
a. — < −1 b. — > 1
n 5 m m
15. −— ≥ 0.75 16. −7.6 < −—m
3 4 x x
c. — < 1 d. −— < 1
m m
17. MODELING REAL LIFE A weather forecaster predicts
that the temperature in Antarctica will decrease 8°F m
each hour for the next 6 hours. How many hours will A.
it take for the temperature to drop at least 36°F?
Example 3 m
B.
18. MODELING REAL LIFE You have
−m
$25 to purchase apps on your cell C.
phone. Each app that you want
costs $3.99. Describe the numbers −m
of apps you can purchase. D.

27. Your class wants to raise at least $100

19. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in for a charity by collecting bottles. Each glass bottle
solving the inequality. earns $0.05. Each plastic bottle earns $0.10.
a. Describe the numbers of glass bottles your class

✗ 3
—
2
−6 >

⋅(−6) < ⋅
2
—
3
x
3 2
—
2 3
—x
needs to collect if no plastic bottles are collected.
b. Describe the numbers of plastic bottles your class
needs to collect if no glass bottles are collected.
18
−—
2
<x
c. Write an inequality that represents how many of
−9 < x each type of bottle your class can collect to reach
the goal.
The solution is x > −9.

20. MAKING AN ARGUMENT Your friend says that the

inequalities x ≤ —43 and −6x ≤ −8 are equivalent. Is
your friend correct? Explain.

2.3 Solving Inequalities Using Multiplication or Division 81

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 81 4/29/20 2:57 PM

 28. THOUGHT PROVOKING
x 31. REASONING Explain why solving
The inequality — ≤ 5 has a solution of x = p. Write a 4 GO DIGITAL
4 the inequality — ≥ 2 by first multiplying
second inequality that also has a solution of x = p. x
each side by x might lead to an error. Assume x ≠ 0.

29. PROBLEM SOLVING You run for 2 hours at a 32. CONNECTING CONCEPTS The radius of a circle is
C
speed no faster than 6.3 miles per hour. You want to represented by the formula r = —. Describe the
run a marathon, which is 26.2 miles, in less than 2π
circumferences C of circles with radii greater than 5.
4 hours. If you continue to run at the same speed,
will you reach your goal? Explain.
33. CRITICAL THINKING A water-skiing instructor
recommends that a boat pulling a beginning skier

26.2
has a speed less than 18 miles per hour. Describe the
possible distances (in miles) that a beginner can travel
in 45 minutes of practice time.

34. CRITICAL THINKING A local

30. STRUCTURE Use the number line shown to
zoo employs 36 people to take
explain why the direction of the inequality symbol
care of the animals each day.
must be reversed when multiplying or dividing each
At most, 24 of the employees
side of an inequality by the same negative number.
work full time. Describe the
fraction of employees who
−A −B B A work part time.

REVIEW & REFRESH

In Exercises 35–38, solve the equation. Check 48. MODELING REAL LIFE You have
ave $15 to spend
your solution. on a movie ticket, a drink, and
d snacks. The
ticket costs $6.99. Describe how
ow much
35. 5x + 3 = 13 36. —12 y − 8 = −10 money you can spend on a drink nk and snacks.
2
37. −0.4x + 2 = 3 − —5 x 49. The vertices of a trapezoid aree A(−4, 1),
B(−1, 3), C(−1, −4), and D(−4,−4, −3). Rotate
1
(
38. —4 (6x + 8) = −5 2 + —2 x
1
) the trapezoid 90° counterclockwise
kwise about the
origin. What are the coordinates
tes of the image?
39. The graph of a proportional relationship passes
through the points (2, 56) and (x, 154). Find x. 50. LOGIC One-fifth of the greater of two
consecutive integers is 7 less than one-half of
40. MODELING REAL LIFE You deposit $2000 in an the lesser integer. What are thee integers?
account that earns simple interest at an annual rate
of 3.5%. How long must you leave the money in In Exercises 51–54, graph the inequality.
quality.
the account to earn $175 in interest?
51. y > −2 52. 6.5 ≥ k
In Exercises 41 and 42, solve the inequality. Graph
the solution.
3
53. —8 ≤ m ∣ 9∣
54. p < −—5
c
41. −4d < 18 42. 7 ≥ — 55. REASONING An icosahedron edron has twenty
3
congruent faces numbered 1 through
rough 20. Describe
43. Write the prime factorization of 72. the likelihood that each event will occur when you
roll the icosahedron. Explain your
our reasoning.
In Exercises 44– 47, tell which number is greater.
a. rolling a 20
7
44. 0.8, 85% 45. —
30
, 25% b. rolling a one-digit number
2 c. rolling a multiple of 4
46. 120%, 0.12 47. 0.6%, —3

82 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 82 4/29/20 2:58 PM

 2.4 Solving Multi-Step Inequalities GO DIGITAL

Learning Target Write and solve multi-step inequalities.

Success Criteria • I can use more than one property of inequality to generate
equivalent inequalities.
• I can solve multi-step inequalities using inverse operations.
• I can apply multi-step inequalities to solve real-life problems.

EXPLORE IT Solving Multi-Step Inequalities

Work with a partner.

Math Practice • Use what you already know about solving equations and inequalities
Construct Arguments to solve each inequality. Construct a viable argument to justify
Do you think it is possible each solution.
for an inequality to have • Match each inequality with its graph.
no solution? Do you
think it is possible for an
a. 2x + 3 ≤ x + 5
inequality to have all real
numbers as its solution?
b. −2x + 3 > x + 9

c. 27 ≥ 5x + 4x

d. −8x + 2x − 16 < −5x + 7x

e. 3(x − 3) − 5x > −3x − 6

f. −5x − 6x ≤ 8 − 8x − x

A.
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

B.
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

C.
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

D.
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

E.
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

F.
−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

2.4 Solving Multi-Step Inequalities 83

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 83 4/29/20 2:58 PM

 Solving Multi-Step Inequalities
GO DIGITAL
To solve multi-step inequalities, use inverse operations to isolate
the variable.

EXAMPLE 1 Solving Multi-Step Inequalities

Solve each inequality. Graph each solution.

y
a. — + 7 < 9 b. 2v − 4 ≥ 5
−6

SOLUTION
y
a. — + 7 < 9 Write the inequality.
−6
−7 −7 Subtraction Property of Inequality
y
— < 2 Simplify.
−6
y
⋅
−6 — > −6 2
−6 ⋅ Use the Multiplication Property of Inequality.
Reverse the inequality symbol.
REMEMBER
Be sure to reverse the y > −12 Simplify.
inequality symbol when
The solution is y > −12.
multiplying or dividing
by a negative number. y > –12

−20 −18 −16 −14 −12 −10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0

b. 2v − 4 ≥ 5 Write the inequality.

+4 +4 Addition Property of Inequality
2v ≥ 9 Simplify.
2v 9
— ≥ — Division Property of Inequality
2 2
9
v≥— Simplify.
2

The solution is v ≥ —92 .

9
v ≥2

2 3 4 5 6 7

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the inequality. Graph the solution.

1. 4b − 1 < 7 2. 8 − 9c ≥ −16

n v
3. — + 11 > 12 4. 6 ≥ 5 − —
−2 3

5. OPEN-ENDED Write two different multi-step inequalities whose solutions are represented
by the graph.

−6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2

84 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 84 4/29/20 2:59 PM

 Solving an Inequality with
EXAMPLE 2 Variables on Both Sides GO DIGITAL
Solve 6x − 5 < 2x + 11.

SOLUTION
6x − 5 < 2x + 11 Write the inequality.
+5 +5 Addition Property of Inequality
6x < 2x + 16 Simplify.
− 2x − 2x Subtraction Property of Inequality
4x < 16 Simplify.
4x 16
— < — Division Property of Inequality
4 4
x<4 Simplify.

The solution is x < 4.

When solving an inequality, if you obtain an equivalent inequality that is always true,
such as −5 < 0, the solutions of the inequality are all real numbers. If you obtain an
equivalent inequality that is false, such as 3 ≤ −2, the inequality has no solution.

−2 −1 0 1 2 −2 −1 0 1 2
Graph of an inequality whose Graph of an inequality
solutions are all real numbers that has no solution

EXAMPLE 3 Inequalities with Special Solutions

Solve (a) 8b − 3 > 4(2b + 3) and (b) 2(5w − 1.2) ≤ 7 + 10w.

SOLUTION
a. 8b − 3 > 4(2b + 3) Write the inequality.
Math Practice
8b − 3 > 8b + 12 Distributive Property
Maintain Oversight
− 8b − 8b Subtraction Property of Inequality
When the variable
terms on each side of
an inequality are the
−3 > 12 ✗ Simplify.
The inequality −3 > 12 is false. So, the inequality has no solution.
same, how can you use
inspection to determine b. 2(5w − 1.2) ≤ 7 + 10w Write the inequality.
whether the inequality is
true or false? 10w − 2.4 ≤ 7 + 10w Distributive Property
− 10w − 10w Subtraction Property of Inequality
−2.4 ≤ 7 Simplify.

The inequality −2.4 ≤ 7 is always true. So, all real numbers are solutions.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the inequality. Graph the solution, if possible.

6. 5x − 12 ≤ 3x − 4 7. 2(k − 5) < 2k + 5
3
8. −4(3n − 1) > −12n + 5.2 9. 3(2a − 1) ≥ —4 a − 17

10. WRITING Without solving, how can you tell that the inequality 4x + 8 ≤ 4x − 3 has no solution?

2.4 Solving Multi-Step Inequalities 85

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 85 4/29/20 3:00 PM

 Solving Real-Life Problems
GO DIGITAL
EXAMPLE 4 Modeling Real Life

You are playing a trivia game on your cell phone. You need a mean score of at least
90 points to advance to the next round. What scores in the fifth game will allow you
to advance?
Game 1: 95
Game 2: 91 SOLUTION

Game 3: 77 1. Understand the Problem You know the scores of your first four games. You are
asked to find the scores in the fifth game that will allow you to advance.
Game 4: 89
2. Make a Plan Use the definition of the mean of a set of numbers to write an
inequality. Then solve the inequality and answer the question.
3. Solve and Check Let x be your score in the fifth game.
95 + 91 + 77 + 89 + x
—— ≥ 90 Write an inequality.
5
REMEMBER 352 + x
— ≥ 90 Simplify.
The mean in Example 4 is 5
352 + x
⋅ ⋅
equal to the sum of the
5 — ≥ 5 90 Multiplication Property of Inequality
game scores divided by the 5
number of games.
352 + x ≥ 450 Simplify.
− 352 − 352 Subtraction Property of Inequality
x ≥ 98 Simplify.
A score of at least 98 points will allow you to advance.

Check
You can draw a diagram to check your answer. The horizontal bar graph shows
the differences between the game scores and the desired mean of 90.
Game 1 +5
Game 2 +1
Game 3 −13
Game 4 −1
Game 5 +8

75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96 99

To have a mean of 90, the sum of the differences must be zero.

5 + 1 + (−13) + (−1) + 8 = 0 ✓

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

11. WHAT IF? You need a mean score of at least 85 points to advance to the next round.
What scores in the fifth game will allow you to advance?

12. For what amounts of sales do Job Offer A Job Offer B

you earn more in the first year Base salary $46,975 Base salary $42,550
with Job Offer A? with Commission 4.5% of sales Commission 6.5% of sales
Job Offer B? Sign-on bonus $2500

86 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 86 4/29/20 3:00 PM

 2.4 Practice WITH AND
GO DIGITAL

In Exercises 1–10, solve the inequality. Graph the 25. MODELING REAL LIFE You want an average of at
solution. Example 1 least 30 active minutes each day during the week.
How many active minutes do you need on Sunday to
1. 2x − 3 > 7 2. 5y + 9 ≤ 4 achieve your goal? Make an argument for your answer
using a bar graph. Example 4
3. −3 ≤ 1 − 8v 4. −8 > −3t − 10
Minutes Minutes
w m Day Day
5. — + 4 > 5 6. 1 + — ≤ 6 exercising exercising
2 3
Monday 15 Thursday 0
p 2 8 1 r 5
7. — − — > — 8. —+— ≤ — Tuesday 45 Friday 60
−8 5 5 2 −4 6
Wednesday 20 Saturday 30
9. 12.6 ≥ −6(a + 2) 10. 14.7 ≤ 3.5(b − 4)
26. MODELING REAL LIFE Bowling alley A charges
In Exercises 11–22, solve the inequality. Graph the $3.75 to rent shoes and $4 per game. Bowling alley B
solution, if possible. Examples 2 and 3 charges $2.50 to rent shoes and $4.50 per game.
11. 4 − 2m > 7 − 3m 12. 8n + 2 ≤ 8n − 9 a. For what numbers of games is the total cost,
including a pair of rental shoes, less at bowling
13. −2d − 2 < 3d + 8 14. 8 + 10f > 14 − 2f alley A? at bowling alley B?
b. Bowling alley A increases the cost per game by
15. 8g − 5g − 4 ≤ −3 + 3g $0.50. How does this affect your answer in
part (a)? Explain.
16. 3w − 5 > 2w + w − 7
27. CONNECTING CONCEPTS The area of the rectangle
17. 6( + 3) < 3(2 + 6) is greater than 60 square feet. Find the possible
values of x.
18. 2(5c − 7) ≥ 10(c − 3)

( 1
19. 4 —2 t − 2 > 2(t − 3))
(2x − 3) ft
20. 15 ( 1
—3 b )
+ 3 ≤ 6(b + 9)
12 ft
21. 9j − 4.5 + 6j ≥ 3(5j − 1.5)

22. 6h − 6 + 3.4h < 2(4.7h − 3) 28. MAKING AN ARGUMENT Your friend says that the
inequality 5x − 2 > 5x − 4 has no solution because
ERROR ANALYSIS In Exercises 23 and 24, describe and the equation 5x − 2 = 5x − 4 has no solution. Is your
correct the error in solving the inequality. friend correct? Explain.

✗
23. REASONING In Exercises 29 and 30, find the value
x
—+6 ≥ 3 of a for which the solutions of the inequality are all real
4
numbers.
x + 6 ≥ 12
29. a(x + 3) < 5x + 15 − x
x≥6
30. 3x + 8 + 2ax ≥ 3ax − 4a
24.

✗ −2(1 − x) ≤ 2x − 7
−2 + 2x ≤ 2x − 7
−2 ≤ −7
31. STRUCTURE Complete the inequality so that it
has no solution.
−3(2x + 1) < x+ x+

All real numbers are solutions.

2.4 Solving Multi-Step Inequalities 87

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 87 4/29/20 3:01 PM

 32. HOW DO YOU SEE IT? 33. The height of each story
The graph shows your budget and the total cost of a building is about 10 feet. The bottom GO DIGITAL
of x gallons of gasoline and a car wash. You want
of the ladder on the fire truck must be
to determine the possible amounts (in gallons) of
at least 24 feet away from
gasoline you can buy within your budget.
the building. How many stories
can the ladder reach? Justify
Gas Station Costs
your answer.
y y = 40 74 ft
50
Dollars

40
30
20
10 y = 2.72x + 10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 x
8 ft
Amount of gasoline (gallons)

a. What is your budget?

34. THOUGHT PROVOKING
b. How much does a gallon of gasoline cost? A runner’s times (in minutes) in the four races he has
How much does a car wash cost? completed are 25.5, 24.3, 24.8, and 23.5. The runner
c. Write an inequality that represents the possible plans to run at least two more races and wants to
amounts of gasoline you can buy. have an average time of less than 24 minutes. Write
d. Use the graph to estimate the solution of your and solve an inequality to show how the runner can
inequality in part (c). achieve his goal.

REVIEW & REFRESH

35. Solve the literal equation 6x + 5 = 3 − 2y for y. In Exercises 43 and 44, write the sentence as an
inequality.
10 25
36. Solve — = —. 43. Six times a number y is less than or equal to 10.
x 20

In Exercises 37– 40, solve the inequality. Graph the 44. A number p plus 7 is greater than 24.8.
solution.
In Exercises 45 and 46, solve the equation.
b
37. n − 13 ≥ −20 38. 4 < — z 1 z
−3.8 45. — + — = −—
8 4 8
3 2
39. x + — < — 40. 8(3g − 2) ≤ 12(2g + 1)
7 7 46. 4.9k + 6 − 1.2k = 8 + 3.7k

41. MODELING REAL LIFE You save $20 each week to 47. MODELING REAL LIFE The histogram shows the
buy a smart watch that costs $229.95. numbers of hours that students in a class spent
a. Describe the numbers of months you need to watching television last week. How many students
save to buy the smart watch. are in the class? What percent of the students
watched at least 15 hours of television?
b. Your parents give you $50 to help you buy the
smart watch. How does this affect your answer
in part (a)? Use an inequality to justify your Time Spent Watching Television
answer. 10
Frequency

8
42. Tell whether x and y are proportional. 6
4
x 3 6 9 12 2
0
0–4 5–9 10–14 15–19 20–24
y 2 4 6 8
Time (hours)

88 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 88 4/29/20 3:02 PM

 2.5 Solving Compound Inequalities GO DIGITAL

Learning Target Write and solve compound inequalities.

Success Criteria • I can write word sentences as compound inequalities.

• I can solve compound inequalities.
• I can graph solutions of compound inequalities.

EXPLORE IT Describing Intervals on the Real Number Line

Work with a partner. In parts (a)– (h), use two inequalities to describe
the interval. Explain your reasoning.

Half-Open Interval
a.
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

b.
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Half-Open Interval
c.
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

d.
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Closed Interval
e.
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Math Practice
Communicate f.
Precisely –10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Describe the difference
between a closed interval Open Interval
and an open interval. g.
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

h.
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

i. Do you use “and” or “or” when writing the inequalities for each graph?

2.5 Solving Compound Inequalities 89

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 89 4/29/20 3:02 PM

 Writing and Graphing Compound Inequalities
GO DIGITAL
A compound inequality is an inequality formed by joining two
WORDS AND MATH inequalities with the word “and” or the word “or.”
The word compound can The graph of a compound inequality The graph of a compound inequality with
have many meanings, such with “and” is the intersection of the “or” is the union of the graphs of the
as a chemical mixture, a graphs of the inequalities. The graph inequalities. The graph shows numbers
group of buildings, or a shows numbers that are solutions of that are solutions of either inequality.
word made from more both inequalities.
than one word. All of these x≥2 y ≤ −2
meanings have something
in common—they represent x<5 y>1
something that is made
from more than one thing. 2 ≤ x and x < 5 y ≤ −2 or y > 1
2 ≤ x<5 0 1 2 3 4 5 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2

Vocabulary EXAMPLE 1 Writing and Graphing Compound Inequalities

compound inequality, p. 90 Write each sentence as an inequality. Graph each inequality.
a. A number x is greater than −8 and less than or equal to 4.
b. A number y is at most 0 or at least —32 .

SOLUTION
a. A number x is greater than −8 and less than or equal to 4.

x > −8 and x≤4

An inequality is −8 < x ≤ 4.

Graph the intersection of the

−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 graphs of x > −8 and x ≤ 4.

b. A number y is at most 0 or at least —32 .

y≤0 or y ≥ —32

An inequality is y ≤ 0 or y ≥ —32 .

Graph the union of the

−1 0 1 2 3 graphs of y ≤ 0 and y ≥ —32.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Write the sentence as an inequality. Graph the inequality.

1. A number d is more than 0 and less than 10.
2. A number a is fewer than −6 or no less than −3.
3. WRITING Compare the graph of −6 ≤ x ≤ −4 with the graph of x ≤ −6 or x ≥ −4.
4. WHICH ONE DOESN’T BELONG? Which compound inequality does not belong with the
other three? Explain your reasoning.

a > 4 or a < −3 a < −2 or a > 8 a > 7 or a < −5 a < 6 or a > −9

90 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 90 4/29/20 3:03 PM

 Solving Compound Inequalities
GO DIGITAL
You can solve a compound inequality by solving two inequalities
separately. When a compound inequality with “and” is written as a single
inequality, you can solve the inequality by performing the same operation on
each expression.

EXAMPLE 2 Solving Compound Inequalities with “And”

Solve each inequality. Graph each solution.
a. −4 < x − 2 < 3 b. −3 < −2x + 1 ≤ 9

SOLUTION
a. Separate the compound inequality into two inequalities, then solve.
Math Practice −4 < x − 2 and x−2 < 3 Write two inequalities.
Look for Structure
+2 +2 +2 +2 Addition Property of Inequality
In the inequality
24 < x 2 2 < 3, what −2 < x and x<5 Simplify.
do you know about the
The solution is −2 < x < 5.
quantity x − 2? How −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
does this help you begin
b. −3 < −2x + 1 ≤ 9 Write the inequality.
to solve?
−1 −1 −1 Subtraction Property of Inequality
−4 < −2x ≤ 8 Simplify.
−4 −2x 8 Use the Division Property of Inequality.
— > — ≥ —
−2 −2 −2 Reverse each inequality symbol.
2> x ≥ −4 Simplify.

The solution is −4 ≤ x < 2.

−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3

EXAMPLE 3 Solving a Compound Inequality with “Or”

Solve 3y − 5 < −8 or 2y − 1 > 5. Graph the solution.

SOLUTION
3y − 5 < −8 or 2y − 1 > 5 Write the inequality.
+5 +5 +1 +1 Addition Property of Inequality
3y < −3 2y > 6 Simplify.
3y −3 2y 6
— < — — > — Division Property of Inequality
3 3 2 2
y < −1 or y>3 Simplify.
The solution is y < −1 or y > 3.
−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the inequality. Graph the solution.

2
5. 5 ≤ m + 4 < 10 6. −3 < —3 k − 5 < 0
7. 4c + 3 ≤ −5 or c − 8 > −1 8. 2p + 1 < −4 or 3 − 8p ≤ −1
9. OPEN-ENDED Write a compound inequality that has a solution of all real numbers except x = 0.

2.5 Solving Compound Inequalities 91

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 91 4/29/20 3:03 PM

 Solving Real-Life Problems
GO DIGITAL
EXAMPLE 4 Modeling Real Life

An electronic device may fail outside of its operating temperature range. Write an
inequality that represents the possible operating temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit)
of the smartphone. Then describe a situation in which the phone may be outside of the
operating range.
SOLUTION
1. Understand the Problem You know the operating temperature range in degrees
Celsius. You are asked to represent the range in degrees Fahrenheit and to describe
a situation outside of this range.
2. Make a Plan Write a compound inequality in degrees Celsius C. Use the formula
C = —59(F − 32) to rewrite the inequality in degrees Fahrenheit F. Then solve the
inequality and describe a situation outside of this range.
3. Solve and Check
0≤ C ≤ 35 Write the inequality using C.
5
0≤ —9 (F − 32) ≤ 35 Substitute —59 (F − 32) for C.
9
—5 ⋅0 ≤ — ⋅
9
5
5
—9 (F − 32) ≤ —95 35 ⋅ Multiplication Property of Inequality
0≤ F − 32 ≤ 63 Simplify.
+ 32 + 32 + 32 Addition Property of Inequality
32 ≤ F ≤ 95 Simplify.
A solution is 32 ≤ F ≤ 95. So, the operating temperature range of the
smartphone is 32°F to 95°F. Someone might leave the phone in a car on a hot
day, where temperatures can exceed 150°F.

Operating temperature:
Check
0ºC to 35ºC You can use the formula C = —59 (F − 32) to check that your answer is correct.
Substitute 32 and 95 for F in the formula to verify that 0°C and 35°C are the
minimum and maximum operating temperatures in degrees Celsius. ✓

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

10. A pair of winter boots are rated for temperatures Black-and-white Warbler
24
from −40°C to 15°C. Write an inequality that American Redstart
represents the temperature rating (in degrees Yellow Warbler
20
Percent of birdwatchers

Fahrenheit) of the boots. Chestnut-sided Warbler

16
11. Birdwatchers record the types of birds they see
or hear. The graph shows results from a location 12
in Canada. Write an inequality that represents the
range in the percents of birdwatchers who saw or 8
heard a Black-and-white Warbler from July 1 to
September 15. 4

0
7/1 7/15 8/1 8/15 9/1 9/15 10/1 10/15
Time interval starting on...

92 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 92 4/29/20 3:04 PM

 2.5 Practice WITH AND
GO DIGITAL

In Exercises 1– 4, write the sentence as an inequality. 14. ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in
Graph the inequality. Example 1 solving the inequality and graphing the solution.

✗
1. A number p is less than 6 and greater than 2.
4 < −2x + 3 < 9
2. A number n is less than or equal to −7 or greater 4 < −2x < 6
than 12. −2 > x > −3
2
3. A number m is more than −7 —3 or at most −10. −4 −3 −2 −1 0

4. A number r is no less than −1.5 and fewer than 9.5.

In Exercises 5–12, solve the inequality. Graph the 15. MODELING REAL LIFE Write
ite
solution. Examples 2 and 3 an inequality that represents
ts
the temperatures (in degrees
es −20ºC to
5. 6 < x + 5 ≤ 11 Fahrenheit) of the interior of −15ºC
the iceberg. Example 4
6. 24 > −3r ≥ − 9

7. v + 8 < 3 or −8v < −40 16. MODELING REAL LIFE A melting point is the
temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid.
8. −14 > w + 3 or 3w ≥ −27 A boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid
boils to become a gas. The table shows the melting
1 7 3 3
9. —2 r + 3 < —4 or −r + —4 ≤ —8 and boiling points of several elements.

10. −6.2 < 2n + 8.6 < 21.4 Element

Melting point Boiling point
(°C) (°C)
1
11. −12 < —2 (4x + 16) < 18 Gold 1064 2807
Silver 962 2212
1
12. 35 < 7(2 − b) or —3 (15b − 12) ≥ 21 Copper 1083 2567

13. MODELING REAL LIFE The life zones on a. Write an inequality that represents the
Mount Rainier, a mountain in Washington, can be temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) of
approximately classified by elevation, as follows. each element as a liquid.
b. Describe a situation in which someone might
Elevation of Mount Rainer: 14,410 ft
need to know the melting point of one of these
elements.

Alpine In Exercises 17–22, solve the inequality. Graph the

solution, if possible.

6500 ft 17. 22 < −3c + 4 < 14

Suba
Su
Subalpine
balp
lpine
e
4000 ft 18. 2m − 1 ≥ 5 or 5m > −25
Mid-elevation forest
2500 ft
1700 ft 19. −y + 3 ≤ 8 and y + 2 > 9
Low-elevation forest

Write an inequality that represents the elevation range 20. x − 8 ≤ 4 or 2x + 3 > 9

for each type of plant life.
3 1 2 1
21. —2 n + 19 ≤ 10 + —2 n or −—3 n + 3 < −—3 n + 12
a. trees in the low-elevation forest zone
b. flowers in the subalpine and alpine zones 22. 3.5x − 18 < 4.5x − 23 and 9.5x − 16 < 22

2.5 Solving Compound Inequalities 93

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 93 4/29/20 3:05 PM

 26. THOUGHT PROVOKING
23. PROBLEM SOLVING A ski shop sells skis
Complete the inequality GO DIGITAL
with lengths ranging from 150 centimeters to
220 centimeters. The shop says the length of the 4(x − 6) 2(x − 10)
skis should be about 1.16 times a skier’s height and
(in centimeters). Write an inequality that represents 5(x + 2) ≥ 2(x + 8)
the heights of skiers (in inches) for which the shop
with <, ≤, >, or ≥ so that the solution is only
does not provide skis.
one value.

24. HOW DO YOU SEE IT?

The graph shows the annual profits of a company 27. MAKING AN ARGUMENT
over 8 years. Write an inequality that represents the The sum of the lengths of any two
annual profits from 2013 to 2020. sides of a triangle is greater than the
7.3 x
length of the third side. Write three
Annual Profit inequalities that represent the possible
100 values of x. Your friend claims the
Profit (millions

90 value of x can be 1.5. Is your friend

of dollars)

5.5
80
correct? Explain.
70
60
50 28. PERFORMANCE TASK You and your friends want
0 to go on a road trip. You establish a round-trip fuel
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
budget of $100, and plan to use a car with a fuel range
Year
of 25–34 miles per gallon. Use current gasoline prices
to determine the distances you can travel. Then plan
a trip to a city within the allotted distance from your
25. Determine the value of k for which the location. Use inequalities to represent how much you
inequality 0.5 < −4x + k ≤ 12 − k has the solution will spend on gasoline, the maximum speeds at which
set {x ∣ 1.25 ≤ x < 2}. you can travel, and how long the trip will take.

REVIEW & REFRESH

In Exercises 29– 32, solve the equation. Graph the 37. MODELING REAL LIFE You need an average exam
solutions, if possible. score of at least 84% to receive a B in a class. For

∣ d9 ∣ = 6
what scores on the fourth exam will you receive a
29. — 30. 7∣ 5p − 7 ∣ = −21 B in the class?

31. ∣ r + 2 ∣ = 9.4 32. ∣ 21 w − 6 ∣ = ∣ w + 7 ∣

—
Exam
1
Score
78%
2 93%
33. The data shows the ages (in months) of children
in a daycare group. Find and interpret the mean 3 82%
absolute deviation of the data.
In Exercises 38–41, solve the inequality. Graph the
24, 32, 36, 30, 28, 30, 34, 32, 26, 28
solution.
34. MODELING REAL LIFE You have quarters, nickels,
and dimes that total $1.85. You have twice as many
38. 9.4 + q ≤ 15.2 ( )
39. z − −—5 > —
20
3 7

nickels as dimes, and 2 more quarters than dimes. 40. 2 ≤ − —9 x

2
41. 2x ≥ —4
3
How many of each coin do you have?
42. REASONING Explain how
In Exercises 35 and 36, write an inequality that
you could predict the number
represents the graph.
of times you will spin a 4 in 1
2

50 spins on the spinner shown.

5

35.
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 3 4
36.
−1 0 1 2

94 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 94 4/29/20 3:06 PM

 2.6 Solving Absolute Value Inequalities GO DIGITAL

Learning Target Write and solve inequalities involving absolute value.

Success Criteria • I can write a compound inequality related to a given absolute

value inequality.
• I can solve absolute value inequalities.
• I can use absolute value inequalities to solve real-life problems.

EXPLORE IT Solving an Absolute Value Inequality

Work with a partner. Consider the absolute value inequality
∣ x + 2 ∣ ≤ 3.

a. Explain what you think this inequality means.

b. Can you find a number that makes the inequality true? If so, what is
the number?

c. Do you think there are other numbers that make the inequality true?
If so, find several of them. Compare your answers with your classmates.

d. On the real number line below, locate the point for which the expression
∣ x + 2 ∣ is equal to 0.

–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Then locate the numbers you found in parts (b) and (c) on the real number line.
What do you notice?

e. Can you write two linear inequalities that use the expression x + 2 to
represent the solutions of ∣ x + 2 ∣ ≤ 3? Explain.

f. Repeat parts (b)−(e) for the inequality ∣ x + 2 ∣ ≥ 3. Compare your results

with those for the inequality ∣ x + 2 ∣ ≤ 3.

g. Describe how to find the solutions of the absolute value inequalities

algebraically. Then find the solutions.

i. ∣ x − 4 ∣ ≤ 2
Math Practice
Maintain Oversight ii. ∣ x − 4 ∣ ≥ 2
How can you change one
of the absolute value h. CHOOSE TOOLS Solve the absolute x1 x1 − 4
inequalities shown so that value inequalities in part (g) in a different −6 10
it has no solution? way. Explain your method. −5 9
−4
−3
−2
−1
0
1
2

2.6 Solving Absolute Value Inequalities 95

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 95 4/29/20 3:06 PM

 Solving Absolute Value Inequalities
GO DIGITAL
An absolute value inequality is an inequality that contains an absolute
Vocabulary value expression. For example, ∣ x ∣ < 2 and ∣ x ∣ > 2 are absolute value
absolute value inequality, inequalities. Recall that ∣ x ∣ = 2 means the distance between x and 0 is 2.
p. 96
absolute deviation, p. 98
The inequality ∣ x ∣ < 2 means the The inequality ∣ x ∣ > 2 means the
distance between x and 0 is less distance between x and 0 is greater
than 2. than 2.

−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4

The graph of ∣ x ∣ < 2 is the graph of The graph of ∣ x ∣ > 2 is the graph of
x > −2 and x < 2. x < −2 or x > 2.

You can solve these types of inequalities by solving a compound inequality.

KEY IDEA
Solving Absolute Value Inequalities
Let c be a positive real number.
To solve ∣ ax + b ∣ < c, solve the compound inequality
ax + b > − c and ax + b < c.
To solve ∣ ax + b ∣ > c, solve the compound inequality
ax + b < − c or ax + b > c.
In the inequalities above, you can replace < with ≤ and > with ≥.

EXAMPLE 1 Solving Absolute Value Inequalities

Solve each inequality. Graph each solution, if possible.

a. ∣ x + 7 ∣ ≤ 2 b. ∣ 8x − 11 ∣ < 0

SOLUTION
a. Use ∣ x + 7 ∣ ≤ 2 to write a compound inequality. Then solve.
REMEMBER x + 7 ≥ −2 and x+7 ≤ 2 Write a compound inequality.
A compound inequality with −7 −7 −7 −7 Subtraction Property of Inequality
“and” can be written as a
single inequality. x ≥ −9 and x ≤ −5 Simplify.

The solution is −9 ≤ x ≤ −5.

−10 −9 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2

b. By definition, the absolute value of an expression must be greater than or equal

to 0. The expression ∣ 8x − 11 ∣ cannot be less than 0.

So, the inequality has no solution.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

1. WRITING How do you determine whether to use a compound inequality with “and” or a
compound inequality with “or” when solving an absolute value inequality?
Solve the inequality. Graph the solution, if possible.
2. ∣ x ∣ ≤ 3.5 3. ∣ k − 3 ∣ < −1 4. ∣ —12w − 1 ∣ < 11

96 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 96 4/29/20 3:07 PM

 EXAMPLE 2 Solving Absolute Value Inequalities
GO DIGITAL
Solve each inequality. Graph each solution.
a. ∣ c − 1 ∣ ≥ 5 b. ∣ 10 − m ∣ ≥ − 2 c. 4∣ 2x − 3 ∣ + 1 > 17

SOLUTION
a. Use ∣ c − 1 ∣ ≥ 5 to write a compound inequality. Then solve.
c − 1 ≤ −5 or c−1 ≥ 5 Write a compound inequality.
+1 +1 +1 +1 Addition Property of Inequality
c ≤ −4 or c≥ 6 Simplify.

The solution is c ≤ −4 or c ≥ 6.
−6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10

b. By definition, the absolute value of an expression must be greater than or

equal to 0. The expression ∣ 10 − m ∣ will always be greater than −2.

So, all real numbers are solutions.

−2 −1 0 1 2

c. First isolate the absolute value expression on one side of the inequality.
4∣ 2x − 3 ∣ + 1 > 17 Write the inequality.
−1 −1 Subtraction Property of Inequality
4∣ 2x − 3 ∣ > 16 Simplify.
4∣ 2x − 3 ∣ 16
— > — Division Property of Inequality
4 4
∣ 2x − 3 ∣ > 4 Simplify.

Use ∣ 2x − 3 ∣ > 4 to write a compound inequality. Then solve.

2x − 3 < −4 or 2x − 3 > 4 Write a compound inequality.
+3 +3 +3 +3 Addition Property of Inequality
2x < −1 2x > 7 Simplify.

2x −1 2x7
— < — — > — Division Property of Inequality
2 2 2 2
1 7
x < −— or x>— Simplify.
2 2

The solution is x < −—12 or x > —72 .

−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

Solve the inequality. Graph the solution.

5. ∣ x + 3 ∣ > 8 6. ∣ n + 2 ∣ − 3.7 ≥ −6 7. 3∣ d + 1 ∣ − 7 ≥ −2
8. WRITING Describe how solving ∣ w − 9 ∣ ≤ 2 is different from solving ∣ w − 9 ∣ = 2.

9. REASONING What is the solution of the inequality ∣ ax + b ∣ < c, where c < 0?

What is the solution of the inequality ∣ ax + b ∣ > c, where c < 0? Explain.

2.6 Solving Absolute Value Inequalities 97

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 97 4/29/20 3:07 PM

 Solving Real-Life Problems
GO DIGITAL
The absolute deviation of a number x from a given value is the absolute
WORDS AND MATH value of the difference of x and the given value.
A deviation is something absolute deviation = ∣ x − given value ∣
that is different from
the expected norm. In
mathematics, absolute EXAMPLE 3 Modeling Real Life
deviation represents how
far a number deviates from A mountain climber wants to buy a new camera drone
a specific value. Camera Drone Prices
to help map out a safe route to a mountain’s summit.
The table shows the prices of several camera drones. The $890 $750
climber is willing to pay the mean price with an absolute $650 $370
deviation of at most $100. How many of the camera drone
$660 $670
prices meet this condition?
$450 $650
$725 $825
SOLUTION
1. Understand the Problem You know the prices of 10 camera drones. You are
asked to find how many drones are at most $100 from the mean price.
2. Make a Plan Calculate the mean price by dividing the sum of the prices by
the number of prices. Use the absolute deviation and the mean price to write
an absolute value inequality. Then solve the inequality and use it to answer
the question.
3. Solve and Check
6640
The mean price is — = $664. Let x represent a price the climber is willing
10
to pay.
∣ x − 664 ∣ ≤ 100 Write the absolute value inequality.
−100 ≤ x − 664 ≤ 100 Write a compound inequality.
STUDY TIP
564 ≤ x ≤ 764 Add 664 to each expression and simplify.
The absolute deviation
of at most $100 from the The prices the climber is willing to pay are at least $564 and at most $764.
mean, $664, is given Six prices meet this condition: $750, $650, $660, $670, $650, and $725.
by the inequality
∣ x − 664 ∣ ≤ 100.
Check Reasonableness You can check that your answer is correct by
graphing the drone prices and the mean on a number line. Any point within
100 of 664 represents a price that the climber is willing to pay.

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

10. WHAT IF? The climber is willing to pay the mean price with an absolute deviation
of at most $75. Do you expect the number of prices that meet this condition to
increase or decrease? Explain your reasoning. How many of the camera drone
prices meet this condition? Hotel Price per night
11. A softball team is participating in a tournament where the team will spend three Hotel A $80
nights at a hotel. Each hotel offers a 50% discount for the third night. The coach Hotel B $105
wants to keep the total cost for each player at $225 with an absolute deviation of
at most $25. Write and solve an absolute value inequality to find which hotels Hotel C $75
meet this condition. Hotel D $90

98 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 98 4/29/20 3:08 PM

 2.6 Practice WITH AND
GO DIGITAL

✗
In Exercises 1–16, solve the inequality. Graph the 22.
solution, if possible. Examples 1 and 2 ∣ x + 4 ∣ > 13
1. ∣x∣ < 3 2. ∣ y ∣ ≥ 4.5 x + 4 > −13 and x + 4 < 13
x > −17 and x<9
3. ∣d + 9∣ > 3 4. ∣ h − 5 ∣ ≤ 10
−17 < x < 9
5. ∣ 2s − 7 ∣ ≥ −1 6. ∣ 4c + 5 ∣ > 7

7. ∣ 5p + 2 ∣ < −4 8. ∣ 9 − 4n ∣ < 5 23. MODELING REAL LIFE A manufacturer throws out

gaskets with weights that have an absolute deviation
9. ∣ 6t − 7 ∣ − 8 ≥ 3 10. ∣ 3j − 1 ∣ + 6 < 0 of more than 0.06 pound from the mean weight of
the batch. The weights (in pounds) of the gaskets in
11. 3∣ 14 − m ∣ > 18 12. −4∣ 6b − 8 ∣ ≤ 12 a batch are 0.58, 0.63, 0.65, 0.53, and 0.61. Which
gaskets should be thrown out? Use an absolute value
13. 2∣ 3w + 8 ∣ − 12.5 ≤ −4.5 inequality to justify your answer. Example 3

14. −3∣ 2 − 4u ∣ + 5.5 < −4.1 24. MODELING REAL LIFE The table
Trail Miles
shows the total distances of four
∣ 1
∣
15. 6 −—4 f + 3 + 7 > 7 16. —23 ∣ 4v + 6 ∣ − 2 ≤ 10 trails. You want to complete a A 5—14
trail in 1—12 hours with an absolute
In Exercises 17 and 18, write the sentence as an absolute
deviation of at most 15 minutes. B 4—34
You hike at a rate of 3 miles per
value inequality. Then solve the inequality.
hour. Which trails can you hike? C 3—12
17. A number is less than 6 units from 0. Use an absolute value inequality
to justify your answer. D 4
18. Twice a number is no less than 10 units from −1.
CONNECTING CONCEPTS In Exercises 25 and 26, write
19. MODELING REAL LIFE The rules for an essay contest and solve an absolute value inequality that represents
require that entries can have 500 words with an the situation.
absolute deviation of at most 30 words. Write and
solve an absolute value inequality that represents the 25. The difference between the areas of the figures is less
acceptable numbers of words. than 2.

20. MODELING REAL LIFE

The normal body
temperature of a camel
is 37°C. This temperature x+6 6
varies by up to 3°C
throughout the day. Write
and solve an absolute value
inequality that represents 4 2
the range of normal body temperatures (in degrees
Celsius) of a camel throughout the day. 26. The difference between the perimeters of the figures is
less than or equal to 3.
ERROR ANALYSIS In Exercises 21 and 22, describe
and correct the error in solving the absolute value
inequality.
x
3

✗
21.
∣ x − 5 ∣ < 20
x − 5 < 20 x+1 x
x < 25

2.6 Solving Absolute Value Inequalities 99

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 99 4/29/20 3:09 PM

 27. PROBLEM SOLVING Six students measure the REASONING In Exercises 29–32, tell
acceleration (in meters per second per second) of an whether the statement is true or false. If it is GO DIGITAL
object in free fall. The measured values are shown. false, explain why.
The students want to state that the absolute deviation
29. If a is a solution of ∣ x + 3 ∣ ≤ 8, then a is also a
of each measured value x from the mean is at most d.
solution of x + 3 ≥ −8.
Find the value of d.
10.56, 9.52, 9.73, 9.80, 9.78, 10.91 30. If a is a solution of ∣ x + 3 ∣ > 8, then a is also a
solution of x + 3 > 8.
28. HOW DO YOU SEE IT? 31. If a is a solution of ∣ x + 3 ∣ ≥ 8, then a is also a
Write an absolute value inequality for each graph. solution of x + 3 ≥ −8.

32. If a is a solution of x + 3 ≤ −8, then a is also a

−4 −3 −2 −1
solution of ∣ x + 3 ∣ ≥ 8.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

33. MAKING AN ARGUMENT One of your classmates

−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
claims that the solution of ∣ n ∣ > 0 is all real numbers.
Is your classmate correct? Explain your reasoning.
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

34. THOUGHT PROVOKING

−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Draw and label a geometric figure so that the
perimeter P of the figure is a solution of the
How did you decide which inequality symbol to use inequality ∣ P − 60 ∣ ≤ 12.
for each inequality?

35. Solve the compound inequality

∣ x − 3 ∣ < 4 and ∣ x + 2 ∣ > 8. Describe your steps.

REVIEW & REFRESH

In Exercises 36–39, plot the ordered pair in a REASONING In Exercises 46 and 47, let c > 0.
coordinate plane. Describe the location of the point. Solve the inequality for x.
36. A(1, 3) 37. B(0, −3) x
46. — > −7 47. −cx ≥ 10.5
c
38. C(−4, −2) 39. D(−1, 2)
In Exercises 48 and 49, find the cube root.
40. REASONING Can you determine the solution —
3—
of ∣ 4x − 2 ∣ ≥ −6 without solving? Explain. √—
3
48. √ −216
8
49. 125

41. Complete the table. 50. MODELING REAL LIFE You bike at a speed of
12 miles per hour. Your friend bikes at a speed of
x 0 1 2 3 4 270 meters per minute. Who bikes faster?
5x + 1
In Exercises 51–55, solve the inequality. Graph the
solution.
In Exercises 42–44, solve the equation.
t
51. — − 2 ≥ 1.7 52. 15x + 3 < 6(4x + 5)
42. 3(5m − 1) − 7m = −9 −5

43. ∣ 2x + 7 ∣ − 8 = −5 53. −3 < 4y + 5 ≤ 9 54. 6∣ 3x + 2 ∣ > 60

1 1
44. −—2 (4h − 3) = —4 (6 − 8h) 1 5
55. b + — ≤ — or 1 − 3b ≤ −5
3 3
45. Write an inequality that represents the graph.
In Exercises 56 and 57, evaluate the expression.
−8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 56. (−3)4 57. −102

100 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 100 4/29/20 3:09 PM

 2 Chapter Review
Chapter Learning Target
WITH

Understand solving linear inequalities.

GO DIGITAL

Chapter Success Criteria I can solve simple and multi-step inequalities.

I can describe how to solve inequalities.
I can compare and contrast solving inequalities
with solving equations.
I can apply techniques for solving inequalities to Surface
solve real-life applications. Deep

SELF-ASSESSMENT 1 I do not understand. 2 I can do it with help. 3 I can do it on my own. 4 I can teach someone else.

2.1 Writing and Graphing Inequalities (pp. 63–70)

Learning Target: Write inequalities and represent solutions of inequalities on number lines.

Write the sentence as an inequality.

Vocabulary
1. A number d minus 2 is less than −1.
inequality
2. Ten is at least the product of a number h and 5. solution of an
inequality
solution set
Tell whether −5 is a solution of the inequality.
graph of an inequality
3
3. b + 6 > 1 4. —5 d ≥ −3 5. w − 2.5 > −8

Graph the inequality.

6. x > 4 7. y ≤ 2

2
8. −1.5 ≥ z 9. w < —3

Write an inequality that represents the graph.

10.
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

11.
−0.08 −0.07 −0.06 −0.05 −0.04 −0.03 −0.02 −0.01 0 0.01 0.02

12. Three requirements for a lifeguard training course are shown. LIFEGUARDS NEEDED
a. Write and graph three inequalities that represent the requirements.
b. You can swim 250 feet, tread water for 6 minutes, and swim 35 feet TAKE OUR
underwater without taking a breath. Do you satisfy the requirements TRAINING
of the course? Explain. COURSE NOW!!!
Lifeguard Training Requirements
M N
13. Given that M > N, determine whether the inequality — > — is Swim at least 100 yards.
N M
Tread water for at least 5 minutes.
always, sometimes, or never true. Explain your reasoning.
Swim 10 yards or more underwater
without taking a breath.

Chapter 2 Chapter Review 101

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 101 4/29/20 3:10 PM

 2.2 Solving Inequalities Using Addition or Subtraction (pp. 71–76) GO DIGITAL

Learning Target: Write and solve inequalities using addition or subtraction.

Vocabulary
Solve the inequality. Graph the solution.
equivalent
14. p + 4 < 10 15. r − 4 > −6 inequalities

16. 2.1 ≥ m − 6.7 17. x + 2.5 ≤ −8

18. Write an inequality that requires using addition or subtraction to solve and has a
solution of −—23 > b.

19. The Douglas Sea Scale describes the roughness of a sea for navigation. Waves currently
reach a height of 12.82 meters. By what amounts can the wave heights increase for the sea
to be described as phenomenal?

Wave height (m) 2.50– 4.00 4.01– 6.00 6.01–9.00 9.01–14.00 > 14.00
Description Rough Very Rough High Very High Phenomenal

2.3 Solving Inequalities Using Multiplication or Division (pp. 77–82)

Learning Target: Write and solve inequalities using multiplication or division.

Solve the inequality. Graph the solution.

g 3
20. 3x > −21 21. −4 ≤ — 22. −—n ≤ 3
5 4
s
23. — ≥ 11 24. 36 < 2q 25. −1.2k > 6
−8

26. Write an inequality that requires using multiplication or division to solve and has
a solution of h ≥ 3.25.

2.4 Solving Multi-Step Inequalities (pp. 83–88)

Learning Target: Write and solve multi-step inequalities.

Solve the inequality. Graph the solution, if possible.

b
27. 3x − 4 > 11 28. −4 < — + 9
2
29. 7.5 − n ≤ n + 3 30. 2(−4s + 2) ≥ −5s − 10

3
31. 6(2t + 9) ≤ 12t − 1 32. 2r − 8 > —(r − 6)
4
33. You want to subscribe to an online streaming service for live television. For what numbers of
months is the total cost of Channel Champ less than the total cost of TV Mania?

Unlimited entertainment.

SOMETHING
SOME
METH
THIN
THING
NG $34.99
FOR
FO EVERYBODY
E Y per month $39.99 per month
First 2 months FREE!

102 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 102 4/29/20 3:11 PM

 2.5 Solving Compound Inequalities (pp. 89–94) GO DIGITAL

Learning Target: Write and solve compound inequalities.

34. A number x is more than −6 and at most 8. Write this sentence as an

Vocabulary
inequality. Graph the inequality. compound inequality

Solve the inequality. Graph the solution.

35. 19 ≥ 3z + 1 ≥ −5 36. −3p ≥ −6 or 4p + 1 > 13
r
37. — < −5 or −2r − 7 ≤ 3 38. −1 ≤ −2d + 7 < 10
4

39. Mount Everest has an elevation of about 8850 meters.

Death Zone
Any location above 8000 meters is in the death zone, 8000 m
which is the elevation at which there is not enough
oxygen to sustain human life. Write an inequality
that represents the possible elevations of climbers
in the death zone on Mount Everest.

40. A highway has a minimum speed limit of 45 miles per hour and a maximum speed
limit of 70 miles per hour. Write and solve an inequality that represents the legal
driving speeds in kilometers per hour.

2.6 Solving Absolute Value Inequalities (pp. 95–100)

Learning Target: Write and solve inequalities involving absolute value. Vocabulary
absolute value
Solve the inequality. Graph the solution, if possible. inequality
absolute deviation
41. ∣ m ∣ ≥ 10 42. ∣ k − 9 ∣ < −4

43. ∣ −1.5g − 2 ∣ + 1 < 6 44. ∣ 9 − 2j ∣ + 10 ≥ 2

45. A safety regulation states that the height of a guardrail should be

106 centimeters with an absolute deviation of no more than 7 centimeters.
Write and solve an absolute value inequality that represents the acceptable
heights of a guardrail.

Mathematical Practices
Make Sense of Problems and Persevere in Solving Them
Mathematically proficient students make conjectures about the form and meaning of the solution.

1. In Exercise 43 on page 69, how does reasoning about the meaning of the solution help
you choose the correct graph?

2. In Exercise 31 on page 87, what assumption did you make about both sides of the
inequality? How did this help you complete the inequality?

3. An inequality can be used to represent the normal weights of Golden Retrievers. Make a
conjecture about the inequality and its graph. Explain your reasoning.

Chapter 2 Chapter Review 103

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 103 4/29/20 3:12 PM

 2 Practice Test WITH GO DIGITAL

Write the sentence as an inequality.

1. The sum of a number y and 9 is at least −1. 2. A number k is less than 3 units from 10.

Solve the inequality. Graph the solution, if possible.

x
3. 6m ≤ −42 4. — − 5 ≥ −9
2
5. 4p + 3 ≥ 2(2p + 1) 6. −2 ≤ 4 − 3a ≤ 13

7. −7.5 < 2 − h or 6h + 5 > 71 8. 4∣ −3b + 5 ∣ − 9 < 7

9. You start a baking business and your goal is to earn a profit of at least
$250 in the first month. Your expenses in the first month are $155.
What are the possible revenues that you can earn to meet your goal?

10. A manufacturer of bicycle parts makes chains that have widths of

0.3 inch with an absolute deviation of at most 0.0003 inch. Write and
solve an absolute value inequality that represents the possible widths.

11. Write and graph an inequality that represents the numbers that are
not solutions of the inequality represented by the graph. Explain
your reasoning.

−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4

12. In a diving competition, scores range from 0 to 10. When there are threee
judges, the number of points awarded is calculated by multiplying the
sum of the scores by the degree of difficulty. Your opponent earns
40.8 points on a dive. You perform a dive with a degree of difficulty of
2.4. Two of your scores are shown. What scores from the third judge
will give you more points than your opponent?

Judge 1 Judge 2 Judge 3

4—12 6—12 ?

13. You jog at a rate of 6 miles per hour. Your friend is 55 feet ahead of you
and jogs at a rate of 6.6 feet per second. Write and solve an inequality
that represents the amounts of time that your friend is ahead of you.

14. A state imposes a sales tax on items of clothing that cost more
than $175. The tax applies only to the difference of the price of
the item and $175.
a. Use the receipt shown to find the tax rate.
b. A shopper has $430 to spend on a winter coat. Find the
prices p of coats that the shopper can buy. Assume that p ≥ 175.
c. Another state imposes a 5% sales tax on the entire price of an
item of clothing. For which prices is paying the 5% tax cheaper
than paying the tax described above? Justify your answer.

104 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 104 4/29/20 3:13 PM

 2 Performance Task
GO DIGITAL

Summiting Everest
The South Summit
Summit 28,500 ft
29,035 ft
The Balcony

The Hillary Step 27,500 ft

South Col
28,839 ft
26,300 ft

Most expeditions leave from

the South Col around
midnight on “Summit Day.”

A round trip from the South Col Approximate Time Frames

to the summit usually takes less Ascent: 9–13 hours
than 20 hours. Descent: 4–7 hours

Climbers usually set an early-afternoon

turnaround time to guard against running
out of oxygen or descending in the dark.

George Mallory was a leading

member of the first British
expeditions to Mount Everest in
the early 1920s. In 1923, when
asked why he wanted to climb the
mountain, he famously responded,
“Because it’s there.”
EXPEDITION LEADER
You are leading an expedition to the summit
of Mount Everest. As the leader, you have the
authority to send climbers down the mountain
if they are too far behind schedule. You
must set a departure time and a turnaround
time, and then monitor the progress of your
climbers. Use inequalities to show how you will
know that the climbers are not falling behind
schedule during the ascent.

105

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 105 4/29/20 3:13 PM

 2 College and Career Readiness
Tutorial videos are available for each exercise.
WITH GO DIGITAL

1. The expected attendance at a school event is 65 people. The actual attendance can vary by
up to 30 people. Which equation can you use to find the minimum and maximum possible
attendances?
A ∣ x − 65 ∣ = 30 B ∣ x + 65 ∣ = 30

C ∣ x − 30 ∣ = 65 D ∣ x + 30 ∣ = 65

2. Complete each statement for the inequality ax + 4 ≤ 3x + b.

a. When a = 5 and b = _____, x ≤ −3.
b. When a = _____ and b = _____, the solution of the inequality is all real numbers.
c. When a = _____ and b = _____, the inequality has no solution.

3. A round of golf costs $45. A season pass costs $1200. Which inequality represents the
numbers x of rounds of golf you can play in order to spend less money by purchasing the
season pass?
A 45x < 1200 B 45x ≥ 1200

C 1200 ≥ 45x D 1200 < 45x

4. Select each value of a that makes the solution of the equation 3(2x − 4) = 4(ax − 2) positive.

−2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5

−x + 4 x + 1
5. A student solved the inequality — > — as shown. Which statement accurately
3 2
describes the student’s work? Select all that apply.
−x + 4 x+1
— > —
3 2

2 −x + 4 3 x + 1
Step 1: — • — > — • —
2 3 3 2
−2x + 4 3x + 1
Step 2: — > —
6 6

Step 3: −2x + 4 > 3x + 1

Step 4: −5x > −3

3
Step 5: x>—
5

A The student made an error in Step 1. B The student made an error in Step 2.

C The student made an error in Step 3. D The student made an error in Step 4.

E The student made an error in Step 5. F The student’s work is correct.

106 Chapter 2 Solving Linear Inequalities

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 106 4/29/20 3:13 PM

 4 1 y
6. Which equation is not equivalent to —x − — = — + 1?
3 2 6
GO DIGITAL
3 y y+9
A 4x − — = — + 3 B x=—
2 2 8

2 2 4
C x − — = —y + — D 8x − 3 = y + 6
3 9 3

7. Complete the compound inequality with <, ≤, ≥, or > so the solution is represented by
the graph.

4x − 18 −x − 3 and −3x − 9 −3

−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5

8. Which expression can you use to convert 50 inches per day to centimeters per hour?

50 in. 2.54 cm 1 day 50 in. 1 cm 1 day

A —×—×— B —×—×—
1 day 1 in. 24 h 1 day 2.54 in. 24 h

50 in. 24 h 2.54 cm 50 in. 1 in. 1 day

C —×—×— D —×—×—
1 day 1 day 1 in. 1 day 2.54 cm 24 h

9. You have a $250 gift card to use at a department store.

80

a. Write an inequality that represents the possible numbers of pairs of socks you can
buy when you buy 2 pairs of sneakers. Can you buy 8 pairs of socks? Explain.
b. Describe what the inequality 60 + 80x ≤ 250 represents in this context.

10. Consider the equation shown, where a, b, c, and d are integers.

ax + b = cx + d
Student A claims the equation will always have one solution. Student B claims the equation
will always have no solution.
a. Select values for a, b, c, and d to create an equation that supports Student A’s claim.
b. Select values for a, b, c, and d to create an equation that supports Student B’s claim.
c. Select values for a, b, c, and d to create an equation that shows both Student A and
Student B are incorrect.

Chapter 2 College and Career Readiness 107

Algebra 1 Chapter 2.indb 107 4/29/20 3:14 PM