DisCrele Mathematiec loQ|ICSIO

Co1 avn t logical &tatront. and Vald:y o

Avq u mern

Onit-I Kropo sit ionaland PYadicim

Loie
Ropositional loqc
logical Connaet ves
Truth tables
Tautologies and Conlradickans
lontvaposifve
lwgitas eguitaland and Implital ons
*
Rales oTnfevente: Validiy favgu mens
AssumpHon.

redicates
Variables
FreaFre and bound Vasuiakles
OnaveNsal and enislential uanlifiers
Universe c discounse
Mathemalical nduelion

Proposibi onal Calcalus

wik ke methocls
is ConCernee
ogie
have foTervidael Ik
Teasonung. Logic Compley
areas

thoorelal basis fov derign, antficiaf4

Sciente, such as oligilel degie
iotolligpna ee.
CogBc s prposiHona
One Component
wi I
Calcecus wch deal i h Stalt ranth
ale and is Concernad ef
rae on d
tlnes
analysis r e

Pre ditat Caltdo lzals

Loniann
reporn thons
pedirate whath
Vasualsle s

opoS tienS
A propo Sion Statnen i

eithey tru fal«

darlanotiv Senlenu that

Too plus Too euals4

Three plus hra nals 7. a both
stalsmant, K IYst because it 1s bYua and

e Second betause it 1 alse

Also Bis is Called too-valuael

egi c

Not Cudions exlanakons and ommands

O no propositios
what a hot day?

Nofe:2 The Sbukmenhs e Yeresenatel by

SeltayP,G, R ( o p,9,, -
propoSition Voaiables
krwn as

Can only assu ma

Propositional Yaiablas

two value Erus Oy false

 Compoun d propoSition
Ccnsitin f
A poposition
rinony moposition r
o
veOiablo
ional
pmoposit
Cnly a Single (T
r f)
proposi tional
Constonb
Single alomic Pimary, Primitiv
called an
tian
ropositicn. (o Simply proposi
Cannot bo Jurthav
proposition
Nofe imo
Subdividad

Compound Propositicn tha

Cbirad
fronm the
fro
A
A peposHona
hoose
psopoSitions b
Combinaln o by ragating
agaihng
Operalors
by
ofoial
maans o xeterred bo c

propusi tion is
a Singla
pcsition
Compou ng

Dnraclives uwed form

nosds (ox) Symols
The u colleo Comeclaves
osopostions
lonpound Connaes callad
Callad
hasic
ne Jive
Tho Condsttonal
tional and
and
disjunhon
dijunthon, londu
onuneon
negaliun

biconditional.
lonnociue NaMo
Synnbo
hot Nagalton
1,
and Conjuthon.
0 eusjunctoo
itthen.onditiona
f and only ielBitonditional
rutin TaHes.
P

T
that &hows tha
6 a tab
A lkuth ale pstpositin

tuh Vaduna o a (omrd

Ca4
for all po siHe
a d JnveTse
Convese Contiapos Tiue
las P
an

9 , is an implicatiun
NC T
Converse

4 P> tAen ConTa posite

onlraposikve

Inyese then nvese 9P.

Tansat jollouoing Seniantes into Symbokc

angua
Ca)WhanavoY thase Tadn,lads OCcu
Slaka menb P: There l8 a Todn
: Floods Ocus P-
an cohon thee iSauin,floods may no

OCtud

P ThoL i aTain

Flods o
PA0
C). Whan toachad h hu, h
pyesent

TeackadWi hase
He pYeen
le olisaqse es w Cohat owr 1 '
T
He ane PATG
Even Ehough ha i Saarrod ha. i cdast

PHe 9aaanod
He modest PAA
He wi eithey qo t Collega or S y t

homa and Yead

9o fo Co|lage
P: He
He
will

will 3ty at homa

homo
PvGAR
R He wil read

ue thot I do rot 8tudy

T+ is not

P: Tx study) T Study. P

C o n d i t i o n

3tudy
9tudy only if pass

P: Stud
2 pass P
ci Floac OCcuYA Cohan-eves thana is Ton.

occuTs, cad ble led . Hene

Toacl is Hecke whan thau is rain
 Thave oun

Flool OCc
Koad i Hako Herna
(Urdhtion)

anslole I Jollouun mulae nooandryf

Enallsh Formula o

Thave 9s an P>
Flood OccuTS i P->(a VR)
Cxops ccl() 7P (10 R )
N) PV 7R
(VPAG)VR
AnsueT
= (1) Wharovias thova is roun flood ota

un, fload cceesTs

i) hen these Tan tha lood ottun

god
rob On
tere s no scun, thon
() I}
buk CYops ano alo
flood does ndt occu,

not gocd

c) thore ib. hD Ton or fbo

O Coun, on Cxps cula no God
ain and fload OCcu63
fhas Is
Veitto
Cq Os ood
 Wia lka otlo wing Jerlons

(a) hough have n mponk C t in

wTlnot SoaVe th house

Bns have imprla woTk

in Offi Aaavo house,

Sa nat 3uCcends o

ha Con sults
Sanat Sucenes
Ans Even though
doe not Con AulE tha bray
ha
(C) Sanat Succads ifoand only 1
Consulb Two sptaliment
Sanck Succeads and. does not
AnS
Consulb tha brary, or Scnat doas no
Su ccaze and Consuls

initadion and yo
d) Admiwhen i b U.S
uill 90
Succeed, You
not binviladitn, o
Admisiun Os.
bu you
ull ot j
Succeod

&rananta
ch o stlewin
Xa Be CaatuoEnirg
.statmant

l dren plays Sinplu

Snow is bla.ce

4)hat do you raan ? - q n o n

orme minise wish,

d halp re. Pryer

Xf) oh
3+ 7 . mplu
8nTy10 Open Setante
 . You nao nob qo thore >adviso

X ost ThAStter and oma batk inmodicha

Loide
Tnalange ABc(AgRe -A)->AB, KS
T londitiorad
TTars lat Slati men in
tollouing
nboi ang
atho
(1 Sinto t coS Sundoy, Sthe
Condiion.
P-
and ethe 1 am fia
i t ans
R
ok homa, tan) u l l be Coming

Paav] 3. P
i ) have haad ache Study
I take anacin shen evo yYT
have
hoadocha. 14 1Taleean Cn
chink au heuere I int
waky Whenever udy lgic

L(P-A@>R} ARs>
 Tsuthtablas.
racn C t Compunants
vale o a Compound 3serlena
unda maaal Connace
Can be dolined ftom eloRa vol vas
nag alion have opposia
1 Ond Compuhants
Nole a slala ment
ony i ot
Conund
. a
candsV alse Cny i po
disandso I
aJa i galse petksis s ts Gnd
see beth tive Comporanbb
i
Conditio na
Cenclwsion is lse fndomerla Connoeli e s

Tuh 3
Conditiona
BicondHonal
Comporant Nogetio Coniunchon DIssunton
P . P
PA Pva
P 7P

T T
T
T F F T F
F T
F T T
T F
F
Pim daun t tesle

fomula
PA (avP) ->7P
Ans in jomua
moun Connoutue

is Cenditional.

P 1P V7P. PMlaNTp)| PA(GV7P)S

T T T
TF F
FT
T
FF T. F
F
Ncte Each asgument a stads ma nt asaka

whch Can assum foo adno T CF.

a) Tha axgumnt Can be ivon truulh vedeos

Tautolog y and Conaa dliap

Taulelogy A Statermank patanler a gqmd)

licalt)
Callo
Eraut vaduas
alogy
tautoloqu i t l s Lrua or all
ila is Component

PV s laleogy
P 7PpVTP
T

T
Conliadei6n
A aitenn Callod a Conlia dielion
&tatemont) i4 it is false
Cit fal
yamas o gumant
for all trut

PATP
7P PATP
F F
F

No A &ufologica oua P i

denoted P ()R

Thafolowing lactologiee en callad

Ans u er

aws C o m e

Tre
will

I.Las o{ exchadod uiddle : PV7P: a

3. Law oConadielren 7(PA1p)
3. Lous Deta c me nk: pa CpsJ2
Co) Modus onens
La Syllogism, :CP->9)AG
6 auo e Doub. negau n 77 P<P

6 La o Conkha paition: (P->1)+ (79-7P.

em A & B statman

domda s cotich Oe taudelogies So is AAB

AAB
T
7
 L
F
 able b 3 logsm Equivalun

(P- n (9->)- (P-)

3 Vwuable (o) 3 aqumenk, tu)P,4,Y
Total nol-of

TTFT F T
T F T F T

TFFFF F
T T.T T
7 T7 7
F T F 7 F
F T
F
T
FT7 T
T
Hoe Assignment

O8tai and I cus o logi(.

Compare ulk des o

P>9 and 7PV
Who sult, valale o
(a) PAG 9is false?
Pvis
CC) p9 if 9 16 Thue
 Tmpiokan and Equi valenle

mph caloo- A Condtina. P->s talld

an implaalion

fP-& iA an implicahan
Covittin P >a and i 702d

imp ".
g. Vevidy i L(P va) AP] 7P
an implital . (: It i a
laulolo
I18 Gn inplal
Eauv aler For muas.

NPP, PAP p. (Sdampolant las)

2 (Pva) VR Pv(aVR)
PAGM R Pa(aAR ) (Assocat:ve las
(9) Pv@ VP PAa aAP
CCommlakve laws)
a Pv laAR) (PV@?a(PVR)
PA (aVe) pna)v (pAR)
(Distii bue Lens)

PAa) pVnva.
De vlorqan's lawe

Dual lac
ferrnulas A A ane dualy
Jwo
f ei ter One Can bee
o ech tke
of
slai nad ron Ik dihey by Yeplalsr
A by V and V by .
 ono olso Caklod
V
Me enretkives
duods o each ol

I
An eguvalanco

bionditiunal
na
Nala mnt. end
f -
ba egvalond, rtton PE
tauleloqy toPanc kaw l k s o
i a

Varen

euvalentcA m v da
Nole mpicalonA
and

impolonk matnal proof

Noe:2 Poving an
mplialion
iro pliatn
implicalton
Condkbrunal
i an

P. the a

the Cintcccn
tohan
Eot Ohents e
CnAe onk is

dae n b

lauivalnte
Mote 3 rovir
P a loology

rinupo
Nofe:4 Cutan L
emains
e u valanua
An intr dhong od
Con neves VN and A

Plms o Janphialcns
Con
Pro Ve lka anketadent
Consean
(pMa) =(Psá)
c) P-C6->p
Assuma Consaaunt be false
ns c
(to P ia folso P iA TYe an dd
tonditiunal
By n . ot
 Falne
(G) PA fd e fods
anleoden
1
o) e
fale
Asumn P
bue Pis flpo
T

Pi fae
8Prove follwingguivndspi8s,
(1) (pA@) nPVnd

(i) ( P e ) PAG.
0i P-(ap) NP(P->G)

P VCDe MoY5ans a
Sdn (PAG) MOvsansad
ci p-sa) PAG
p-lp-a) pV6)

7P
P V7g Vp
v 7a VP
i ( P

- Aa P
i P P29.

Pos e be . This
Hssu ma PAa
M > polk Pand

G P
 Au c Hon
P i To thon
Pe T
Poa i Asum Pa CP>) T 1h
mean Ond P-> i Trme
but P->a Tne wkon
and P is Tre
i s toufology
Tahologias Smpkalubn
Condahonad CoNeA
Conkapesike
Component Gordtiona Convone Jvene| Conrapat
P TP 1. P 7a-51P

TT
T F
F
FT F
T
T T
T. T T

Nofe1 olumn. tor tnu, Vales oj

tha Cond:tional and t
Contaposiia 7057P ore lk gome

(p-6) =(78+7p)

De en mina ollowinq pa
o Statema OULe tnvalant

C Ps19 i 7p-79)
 P 19TPP>1v 91P
T
FIF F
F
F T
FI7 7 T
FF T.I1.|f

Normod Fo rns

Pdng. Rinupal disjunetve Natmal oyt

Sum q prodwcs Caronic r