11

PRE-CALCULUS
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Graphs of Circular Functions
Quarter 2 - Week 4

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Pre-Calculus – Grade 11
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Graphs of Circular Functions
Quarter 2- Week 4

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 GRAPHS OF CIRCULAR
FUNCTIONS

Introduction

There are many things that occur periodically. Phenomena like rotation of
planets and comets, high and low tides and yearly change of the seasons follow a
periodic pattern. In this lesson, we will graph the six circular functions and we will
see they are periodic in nature.

Learning Competency

Illustrates the domain and range of the different circular functions

(STEM_PC-IIa-1); and
Graphs the six circular functions (a) amplitude, (b) period, and (c) phase
shift (STEM_PC-IIa-2).

Objectives

At the end of this guided learning activity kit, you are expected to:
1. Illustrate the domain and range of the different circular functions
2. Graph the six circular functions (a) amplitude, (b) period, and (c)
phase shift

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 Review

Recall the concepts about circular functions. For any real number, we can
find the values of the six circular functions by using the unit circle, a circle with
radius 1 having the equation x2 + y2 = 1. Starting at the point (1,0), we move |𝑠|
units along the circumference of the circle, counterclockwise if s > 0 and clockwise
if s < 0. We let P(s) be the terminal point of arc s. If P(s) is the point (x,y) on the
unit circle then we define the six circular functions as follows:

1 𝑦
cos s = x sec s = tan s =
𝑥 𝑥

1 𝑥
sin s = y csc s = cot s =
𝑦 𝑦

We let s be the arc length subtended by angle 𝜃 which is in standard

position on the unit circle. We have learned that s = r𝜃. Since r =1, then s = 𝜃. This
means that 𝜃 has radian measure equal to s. Using the definition of the six
trigonometric functions, we have:

𝑥 𝑥 𝑟 1
cos 𝜃 = = = x = cos s sec 𝜃 = = = sec s
𝑟 1 𝑥 𝑥

𝑦 𝑦 𝑟 1
sin 𝜃 = = = y = sin s csc 𝜃 = = = csc s
𝑟 1 𝑦 𝑦

𝑦 𝑥
tan 𝜃 = = tan s cot 𝜃 = = cot s
𝑥 𝑦

Clearly, we can see that the values of the trigonometric function and its
corresponding circular function are the same.

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 Discussion

Graphs of the Six Circular Functions

For a real number x, sin x = sin 𝜃 for an angle 𝜃 with measure x radians, and
that sin 𝜃 is the second coordinate of the point P(𝜃) on the unit circle. Since each x
corresponds to an angle 𝜃, we can conclude that:

1. Sin x is defined for any real number x or the domain of the sine function is
ℝ, and
2. The range of sine is the set of all real numbers between -1 and 1 (inclusive)

From the definition, it also follows that 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑥 + 2𝜋) = sin x for any real number
x. this means that the values of the sine function repeat every 2𝜋 units. In this
case, we say that the sine function is a periodic function with periodic 2𝜋.

The Table below shows the values of 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥, where x is the equivalent radian
measure of the special angles and their multiples from 0 to 2𝜋 units.

x 0 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋
6 4 3 2 3 4 6

y 0 1 √2 √3 1 √3 √2 1 0
2 2 2 2 2 2

0 0.5 0.71 0.87 1 0.87 0.71 0.5 0

x 7𝜋 5𝜋 4𝜋 3𝜋 5𝜋 7𝜋 11𝜋 2𝜋
6 4 3 2 3 4 6

Y -
1
√2 √3 -1 -
√3
-
√2 -
1 0
2 − − 2 2 2
2 2

-0.5 -0.71 -0.87 -1 -0.87 -0.71 -0.5 0

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 𝜋
From the table, we can observe that as x increases from 0 to , sin x also
2
3𝜋
increases from 0 to 1. Similarly, as x increases from to 2𝜋, sin x also increases
2
3𝜋
from -1 to 0. On the other hand, notice that as x increases from 𝜋 to , sin x
2
decreases from 0 to -1.

Definition of Terms:

Period is the length of one complete cycle.

Amplitude is the absolute value of one-half of the difference between its

greatest and lowest function values. It also indicates the height of the graph.

Displacement is the amount by which the graph is shifted from the basic
curve either to the right or to the left. The horizontal displacement is also known
as the phase shift.

Translation is the amount by which is shifted up and down from the basic
curve. It is also known as the vertical translation.

A. The Graph of the Sine Function

Properties of the curve 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
1. The period is 2𝜋.
2. The amplitude is equal to 1.
3. The zeros of the sine function are 0, 𝜋, 2𝜋, … 𝑛𝜋 where n is an integer.
4. The sine function is an odd function, i.e., 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝑥) = −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥.
5. The graph of the function is symmetric with respect to the origin.
𝜋
6. The maximum values of the function occur at 𝑥 = + 2𝑛𝜋 where 𝑛 is an
2
integer.
3𝜋
7. The minimum values of 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 occur at 𝑥 = + 2𝑛𝜋 where n is an
2
integer.

a.1. The graph of y = a sin bx

Properties of the curve 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑥
2𝜋
1. The function f(x) is periodic, with period 𝑝 = | |.
𝑏
2. The amplitude is equal to |𝑎|.
𝑝 𝑛𝑝
3. The zeros of (x) = a sin bx are 0, , p,… where n is an integer.
2 2
𝑝
4. The maximum values of the function occur at 𝑥 = + 𝑛𝑝 where n is an
4
integer.
3𝑝
5. The minimum values of 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑥 occur at 𝑥 = + 𝑛𝑝 where n is an
4
integer.

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Examples:

a. Graph 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥

Solution:

1. The amplitude is |𝑎| = |2| = 2.

2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
2. The period is p = | |= | |=
𝑏 3 3
3. Dividing the period into 4 equal parts, we have
2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑝 2𝜋 1 𝜋 3𝑝 3( 3 ) 1 𝜋
= 3
= . = = = 2𝜋 . =
4 4 3 4 6 4 4 4 2

2𝜋
𝑝 2𝜋 1 𝜋 2𝜋
= 3 = . = 𝑝 =
2 2 3 2 3 3

4. The graph of 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥

b. Graph y = -2 sin 3x

Solution:

1. The amplitude is |𝑎| = |−2| = 2.

2𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
2. The period is p = | |= | |=
𝑏 3 3
3. Dividing the period into 4 equal parts, we have
2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑝 2𝜋 1 𝜋 3𝑝 3( ) 1 𝜋
= 3
= . = = 3
= 2𝜋 . =
4 4 3 4 6 4 4 4 2

2𝜋
𝑝 2𝜋 1 𝜋 2𝜋
= 3
= . = 𝑝 =
2 2 3 2 3 3

4. The graph of y = -2 sin 3x

Notice that the graph of 𝑦 = −2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥 is the reflection of 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3𝑥 with

respect to the x-axis.

a.2. The Graph of y = a sin (bx + c)

The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) is just the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑏𝑥) translated
𝑐 𝑐
horizontally. The horizontal translation or phase shift is given by . If > 0 we
𝑏 𝑏
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
move units to the left and if < 0 we move units to the left and if < 0 we
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑏
𝑐
move units to the right.
𝑏

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 Example:
𝜋
c. Graph 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝑥 − ).
2

Solution:
1. The amplitude is |𝑎| = |1| = 1.
2𝜋 2𝜋
2. The period is p = | |= | |= 2𝜋
𝑏 1
3. Dividing the period into 4 equal parts, we have
𝑝 2𝜋 𝜋 3𝑝 3(2𝜋) 3𝜋
= = = =
4 4 2 4 4 2

𝑝 2𝜋
= =𝜋 𝑝 = 2𝜋
2 2

4. The graph of y = sin x

𝜋
𝑐 −2 𝜋 𝜋
5. The phase shift = = - . Thus, we move units to the right.
𝑏 1 2 2
Therefore,

𝑝 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= becomes + =𝜋
4 2 2 2

𝑝 𝜋 3𝜋
= 𝜋 becomes 𝜋+ =
2 2 2

3𝑝 3𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
= becomes + = 2𝜋
4 2 2 2

𝜋 5𝜋
𝑝 = 2𝜋 becomes 2𝜋 + =
2 2

𝜋
6. The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛( 𝑥 − )
2

𝜋 𝜋
Notice that the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑥 − ) is the same as 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 translated units
2 2
to the right.

B. The Graph of the Cosine Function

Properties of the curve 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
1. The period is 2𝜋.
2. The amplitude is equal to 1.
𝜋 3𝜋 𝑛𝜋
3. The zeros of the cosine function are , , … , where n is an odd integer.
2 2 2
4. The cosine function is an even function; i.e., cos (-x) = cos x.
5. The maximum values of the cosine function occur at 𝑥 = 2𝑛𝜋 and the
minimum values occur at 𝑥 = (2𝑛 + 1) 𝜋 where n is an integer.

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 a.1. The Graph of 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒃𝒙
Properties of the curve 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑏𝑥
2𝜋
1. The function f(x) is periodic, with period 𝑝 = | |.
𝑏
2. The amplitude is equal to |𝑎|.
𝑝 3𝑝 5𝑝 (2𝑛−1)𝑝
3. The zeros of f(x) = a cos bx are , , ,…, where n is an integer.
4 4 4 4
4. The maximum values of f(x) = a cos bx occur at x = np, where n is an
integer.
(2𝑛−1)𝑝
5. The minimum values of f(x) = a cos bx at x = where n is an integer.
2

Example:
a. Graph 𝑦 = 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
Solution:
1. The amplitude is |𝑎| = |3| = 3
2𝜋 2𝜋
2. The period is given by p = | | = =𝜋
𝑏 𝑏
3. Dividing the period into 4 equal parts, we have
𝑝 𝜋 3𝑝 3𝜋
= =
4 4 4 4

𝑝 𝜋
= 𝑝 = 𝜋
2 2

4. The graph of 𝑦 = 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥

Example:

b. Graph 𝑦 = −3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
Solution:
1. The amplitude is |𝑎| = |−3| = 3
2𝜋 2𝜋
2. The period is given by p = | |= | |= 𝜋
𝑏 2
3. Dividing the period into 4 equal parts, we have

𝑝 𝜋 3𝑝 3𝜋
= =
4 4 4 4

𝑝 𝜋
= 𝑝 = 𝜋
2 2

4. The graph of 𝑦 = −3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥

b.2. The Graph of 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄)

The graph of y = a cos (bx + c) is just the graph of y = a cos (bx) translated
𝑐 𝑐
horizontally. The horizontal translation or phase shift is given by . If > 0 we
𝑏 𝑏
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
move units to the left and if < 0 we move units to the right.
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏

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Example:

c. Graph 𝑦 = 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑥 – 𝜋)

Solution:
1. The amplitude is |𝑎| = |3| = 3
2𝜋 2𝜋
2. The period is | |= | |= 𝜋
𝑏 2
3. Dividing the period into 4 equal parts, we have

𝑝 𝜋 3𝑝 3𝜋
= =
4 4 4 4

𝑝 𝜋
= 𝑝 = 𝜋
2 2

4. The graph of 𝑦 = 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥

𝑐 𝜋 𝜋
5. The phase shift is = . Thus, we move units to the right. Therefore,
𝑏 2 2

𝑝 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
= becomes + =
4 4 4 2 4

𝑝 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= becomes + =𝜋
4 2 2 2

𝑝 𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋
= becomes + =
4 4 4 2 4

𝜋 3𝜋
𝑝=𝜋 becomes 𝜋+ =
2 2

6. The graph of 𝑦 = 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑥 − 𝜋)

𝜋
Notice that the graph of 𝑦 = 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑥 − 𝜋) is the same as 𝑦 = 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 translated
2
units to the right.

C. The Graph of the Cosecant Function

Properties of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥
1. The period is equal to 2𝜋
2. The asymptotes occur at x = n𝜋, where n is an integer
3. The graph is symmetric with respect to the origin
4. The cosecant function with respect to the origin

c.1. The Graph of 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂 𝒄𝒔𝒄 𝒃𝒙

Properties of the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑏𝑥
2𝜋
1. The function y = a csc bx has period p = | |
𝑏
𝑛.𝑝
2. The asymptotes of y = a csc bx occur at x = , where n is an integer
2

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Example:
Graph 𝑦 = 3 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2𝑥
Solution:
1. To graph y = 3 csc 2x, we first graph y = 3 sin 2x
2. The amplitude of y = 3 sin 2x is |3| = 3
2𝜋 2𝜋
3. The period of y = 3 sin 2x is p = | | = | | = 𝜋
𝑏 2
4. The graph of y = 3 sin 2x
1
5. Since csc x = , then the graph of y = 3 csc 2x is shown below.
sin 𝑥

Example:
1
Graph 𝑦 = 3 𝑐𝑠𝑐 ( 𝑥 − 𝜋)
2
Solution:
1 1
1. To graph 𝑦 = 3𝑐𝑠𝑐 ( 𝑥 − 𝜋), we first graph y = 3sin ( 𝑥 − 𝜋)
2 2
1
2. The amplitude of 𝑦 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑥 − 𝜋) is |𝑎| = |3| = 3
2
1 2𝜋 2𝜋 2
3. The period of 𝑦 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑥 − 𝜋) is p = | | = | 1 | = |2𝜋. | = 4𝜋
2 𝑏 1
2
1 𝑐 𝜋 2
4. The phase shift of 𝑦 = 3𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑥 − 𝜋) is = | 1 | = -𝜋 . = -2𝜋. So, we
2 𝑏 1
2
move 2𝜋 units to the right.
1
5. The graph of 𝑦 = 3 𝑐𝑠𝑐 ( 𝑥 − 𝜋)
2
1 1
6. Since 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 = , then the graph of 𝑦 = 3 𝑐𝑠𝑐 ( 𝑥 − 𝜋)
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 2

1 1
Similarly, we defined cos 𝜃 = x and sec 𝜃 = . This means that sec 𝜃 =
𝑥 cos 𝜃

D. The Graph of the Secant Function

Properties of the curve 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
1. The secant function has period equal to 2𝜋
𝜋
2. The asymptotes occur at x = + n𝜋, where n is an integer
2
3. The graph is symmetric with respect to the origin
4. The secant function is an even function, i.e sec (-x) = sec x

d.1. The Graph of 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒃𝒙

Properties of the graph of f(x) = a sec bx
2𝜋
1. The function f(x) = a sec bx has period equal to p = | |
𝑏
(2𝑛−1)𝑝
2. The asymptote of f(x) = a sec bx at x = where n is an integer
4

Example:
Graph 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 8𝑥
Solution:
1. To graph y = 2 sec 8x, we first graph 𝑦 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 8𝑥
2. The amplitude |𝑎| = |2| = 2
2𝜋 𝜋
3. The period p = | | =
8 4

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 4. The graph of 𝑦 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 8𝑥
1
5. Since sec x = , then the graph of y = 2 sec 8x is shown below.
cos 𝑥

Example:
𝜋
Graph 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 (8𝑥 − )
2
Solution:
𝜋 𝜋
1. To graph 𝑦 = 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 (8𝑥 − ), we first graph 𝑦 = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (8𝑥 − )
2 2
2. The amplitude |𝑎| = |2| = 2
2𝜋 𝜋
3. The period is p = | |= | |
8 4
𝜋
𝑐 −2 𝜋 1 𝜋 𝜋
4. The phase shift = =- . =- . Thus, we move units to the right.
𝑏 8 2 8 16 16
𝜋
5. The graph of 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (8𝑥 − )
2

1 𝜋
6. Since sec x = , then the graph of y = 2 cos (8𝑥 − ) is shown below.
cos 𝑥 2

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 E. The Graph of the Tangent

Properties of the curve 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥

𝜋
1. The tangent function is undefined for 𝑥 = + 𝑛𝜋, where n is an integer.
2
These values are called its vertical asymptotes.
2. The tangent function has period equal to p = 𝜋
3. The graph is symmetric with respect to the origin
4. The tangent function is an odd function, i.e, tan (-x) = - tan x

e.1. The Graph of 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒃𝒙

Properties of the graph 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑥

𝜋
1. The function f(x) = a tan bx has a period equal to p = | |
𝑏
(2𝑛−1)𝑝
2. The asymptotes of f(x) = a tan bx occur at x = where n is an integer
2
3. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑥 becomes steeper as |𝑎| increases.

Example:
Graph 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
1. The period of 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 4𝑥 is p = | |=
4 4
2. The asymptotes are
𝜋
(2𝑛−1) 𝜋 1 𝜋
x= 4
= [(2𝑛 − 1) ] . [ ] = (2n -1)
2 4 2 8
3. The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 4𝑥

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Example:
Graph 𝑦 = −4 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2𝑥 + 𝜋)
Solution:
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
1. The period of 𝑦 = −4 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2𝑥 + 𝜋) is p = | | = | |=
𝑏 2 2
𝑐 𝜋 𝜋
2. The phase shift is = . Thus, we move units to the left.
𝑏 2 2
3. The asymptotes of y = -4 tan (2x + 𝜋) are
𝜋
𝜋 (2𝑛−1)
x+ = 2
2 2

𝜋
(2𝑛−1) 𝜋 𝜋 1 𝜋
x= 2
- = [(2𝑛 − 1) . ]-
2 2 2 2 2

𝜋 (2𝑛−1) 𝜋 2𝑛−1−2 𝜋 2𝑛−3

= [ − 1] = [ ] = [ ]
2 2 2 2 2 2

𝜋
= (2n -3), where n is an integer
4
4. The graph of 𝑦 = −4 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2𝑥 + 𝜋)

F. The Graph of the Cotangent Function

Properties of the curve 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥

1. The cotangent function is undefined for 𝑥 = 𝑛𝜋, where n is an integer. These
values are called its vertical asymptotes.
2. The cotangent function has period equal to 𝑝 = 𝜋
3. The graph is symmetric with respect to the origin.
4. The cotangent function is an odd function, i.e., cot (-x) = - cot x

f.1. The Graph of 𝒚 = 𝒂 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒃𝒙

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Properties of the graph of f(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑥
𝜋
1. The function f(x) = a cot bx has period equal to p = | |
𝑏
2. The asymptotes of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑥 occurs at x = np where n is an integer
3. The function f(x) = a cot bx becomes steeper as |𝑎| increases

Example:
Graph 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
1. The period of y = cot 2x is p = | | =
𝑏 2
𝜋
2. The asymptotes are x = n( ) where n is an integer
2
3. The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 4𝑥

Example:
1
Graph 𝑦 = −2𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
2
Solution:
1 𝜋 𝜋 2
1. The period of 𝑦 = −2𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 is p = | | = | 1 | = = 2𝜋
2 𝑏 1
2
2. The asymptotes are
x = n (2 𝜋)
x = n (2 𝜋)
x = 2n𝜋
1
3. The graph of 𝑦 = −2𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
2

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Example:
1
Graph 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 ( 𝑥 − 2𝜋)
2
Solution:
1 𝜋 𝜋 2
1. The period of 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 ( 𝑥 − 2𝜋) is p = | | = | 1 | = = 2𝜋
2 𝑏 1
2
𝑐 2𝜋 2
2. The phase shift is = 1 = 2𝜋 . = -4𝜋. Therefore, we move 4𝜋 units to
𝑏 1
2
the right.
3. The asymptotes are
x - 4𝜋 = n (2𝜋)
x = 2n𝜋 + (2𝜋)
x = 2𝜋 (n + 2) where n is an integer
1
4. The graph of 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 ( 𝑥 − 2𝜋)
2

Example:
Graph 𝑦 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡 (4𝑥 + 𝜋)
Solution:
𝜋 𝜋
1. The period of p = | | =
𝑝 4
𝑐 𝜋 𝜋
2. The phase shift is = - units to the left. Therefore, we move units to
𝑏 4 4
the right.
3. The asymptotes are
𝜋
x + = np
4
𝑛𝜋 𝜋
x= -
4 4
𝜋
x= (n-1)
4
4. The graph of 𝑦 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡 (4𝑥 + 𝜋)

14 | P a g e
 Activities

Guided Practice 1
Directions: Complete the table. Find the period and amplitude of each function.

No. Function Period Amplitude

1 y = cos 6x
2 y = sin (-2x)
3 y = 4 sin 5x
4 y = -3 sin x
3
5
5 y=
1
cos 4x
2

Guided Practice 2
A. Directions: Sketch the graph of the following sine functions. Give the period and
amplitude of each function.

1. y = sin 3x

1
2. y = sin x
3

𝑥
3. y = sin
2

B. Directions: Sketch the graph of the following cosine functions. Give the period
and amplitude of each function.

1. y = 3 cos x

1
2. y = cos x
2

3. y = - cos x

15 | P a g e
Independent Practice
A. Directions: Match each function with its graph.
1. y = tan 3x
2. y = 2 sec x
𝑥
3. y = sec
2
4. y = csc 2x
5. y = 2 csc 2x
𝑥
6. y = 2 cot
3

a. b.

c. d.

e. f.

B. Directions: Sketch the graph of the given functions. Include two full periods.

1
1. y = tan x
2
1
2. y = tan2x
2
1
3. y = sec x
2

16 | P a g e
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on your
answer sheet.

_____1. The domain of 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑥 is _____.

a. all real numbers greater than or equal to 1
b. all real numbers less than or equal to -1
c. all real numbers which are not equal to k𝜋, where k is an integer
d. all real numbers
𝑥
_____2. The amplitude of y = -2 sin is ______.
2
1
a. -2 b. 2 c. d. 2𝜋
2

_____3. The period of y = cos x is _____.

𝜋
a. b. 𝜋 c. 2𝜋 d. all real numbers
2

𝜋
_____4. x = is an asymptote of _____.
2
a. y = cot x b. tan x c. y = csc x d. all of these

_____5. The equation of the graph shown below is _____.

a. y = - tan 4x b. y= cot 4x c. y = tan 4x d. y = –cot 4x

_____6. The equation of the graph shown below is _____.

1 1 1
a. y = cos ( x + 3𝜋) c. y = cos ( x - 3𝜋)
6 2 6
1 1 1
b. y = -sin ( x - 3𝜋) d. y = sin ( x)
6 2 6

_____7. The range of y = tan x is _____.

a. [−1,1] b. [−∞, −1] c.[1, +∞] d. all real numbers
𝑥
_____8. The period of y = 3 cos is _____.
2
1
a. 3 b. c. 2𝜋 d. 4𝜋
2
31𝜋
_____9. Find the value of sin (− ) (cos 10𝜋 ).
3
1 1 √3 √3
a. b. - c. - d.
2 2 2 2
𝜋
_____10. The amplitude of y = 2 sec (8x - )
2
1 1
a. b. c. 2 d. 8
2 4

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 Reflection

Directions: Answer the guide questions to reflect and deepen your understanding
on the lesson.

Guide Questions:

1. How do you describe the domain and range of a function?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
.

2. How do you graph the six circular functions in terms of amplitude and
period?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
.

3. What are the practical applications of the six circular functions in your life?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________.

18 | P a g e
 References

Ascano, J.P., Olofernes, A.D., Martin Jr., J.L., and Tolentino, M.C. (2016). Pre-
Calculus Learner’s Material. Department of Education -Bureau of Learning
Resources (DepEd-BLR). Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House, Inc.3F
Maine City Tower, 236 Tomas Morato Avenue, Brgy. South Triangle, Quezon
City

Concepcion, M.A., Mutuc, S.B., Sacluti, J.R.,De Las Peñas, M.N. and Limjap, A.A.
(2007). Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics Fourth Year High
School Phoenix Publishing House, INC. 927 Quezon Ave., Quezon City

Landicho, E.D.C. (2001).MSA Trigonometry. MSA Publishing House. 341

Katipunan Avenue, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines.

Oronce, O.A., Mendoza, M.O. (2007). E-math Advanced Algebra and

Trigonometry.Rex Printing Company, Inc. 84-86 P. Florentino St.,Sta. Mesa
Heights, Quezon City

Webliography

Tutoring and Learning Centre, George Brown College 2014. Retrieved from:
www.georgebrown.ca/tlc

19 | P a g e
 20 | P a g e
Guide Practice 1
1. B
2. F
3. A
4. G
5. E
6. I
7. D
8. J
9. E
10. H
Guided Practice 2
1. 2𝜋
2. 180°
3. 𝜋
4. 90°
5. 120°
2𝜋
6.
3
7. two-thirds of a circle (2/3)
4𝜋
8.
3
9. 60°
𝜋
10.
3
Independent Practice
A.
1. a) 110° b) 340° c) 23° d) 220°
2. a) −250° b) −20° c) −337° d) −140°
Key to Corrections
 Acknowledgment
The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt
gratitude to the following, who in one way or the other, have contributed to
the successful preparation, development, quality assurance, printing, and
distribution of the Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all
learning areas across grade levels as a response to providing the learners
with developmentally-appropriate, contextualized and simplified learning
resources with most essential learning competencies (MELCs)-based
activities anchored on the principles of guided learning and explicit
instruction:
First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of
the writers and graphic artists for devoting much of their time and
exhausting their best efforts to produce these indispensable learning kits
used for the implementation of learning delivery modalities.
Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout
evaluators making up the Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for
having carefully evaluated all GLAKs to ensure quality and compliance to
DepEd standards;
Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly
extending its financial assistance to augment the funds for the printing of
these learning resources for use by learners and parents at home;
Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close
coordination with the school heads, for their weekly distribution and
retrieval of the GLAKs and for their frequent monitoring of the learners’
progress through various means; and
Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the
learners the needed guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish
the tasks and for gradually helping them become independent learners.
To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would
not be possible without your collective effort and strong commitment to
serving our Zambaleño learners.
Again, our sincerest thanks!

The Management Team

 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TRACKS

ACADEMIC TRACK

TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL-
LIVELIHOOD (TVL) TRACK

SPORTS TRACK

ARTS AND DESIGN TRACK

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division of Zambales

Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No.: (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Website: www.depedzambales.ph