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Introduction Part 5

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Introduction Part 5

Uploaded by

Fakro43
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Communication Skills and

Academic Reporting
(Presentation Skills)
Part 5
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi İhsan İKİZER
[email protected]
• Presentations are a way of communicating ideas and information to a
group.
• The objective of communication is to make your message understood
and remembered.
• In order to achieve this, the presenter must be clear, coherent,
articulate and convincing.
• A presentation puts the presenter on display in front of the audience.
• Therefore, in order to be effective and impressive in your
presentation you need to prepare before you actually deliver the
presentation.
• To make a good presentation, you need to consider the 4Ps:
• A well defined purpose
• Thorough preparation
• A well structured presentation, with clear delivery
• Careful post-evaluation of how well it was understood.
• The first few minutes of the presentation are very precious and
crucial.
• If you fail to draw the attention of your audience at this stage, you
may lose it forever.
• You make your first impression even before you start speaking.
• Your dress needs to be neat, smart and appropriate for the occasion.
It is mostly formal for presentations.
• The next thing to pay attention to would be your posture.
• Your body communicates certain impressions to the audience.
• People not only listen to you, but also watch you.
• While you need to be upright and look confident, you may need to
guard against looking too stiff and uncomfortable.
• The key is to look relaxed and comfortable and at ease with your
surroundings.
• Reaching the venue well in time could be immensely helpful in
making you comfortable with the place.
• Eye contact is another crucial factor. It signals interest in others and
helps you to connect with your audience.

• The audience responds to you better when you look at them straight.

• Do not keep your eyes away from the audience for too long, even
when you are adjusting your equipment or organising your
presentation material.
• The expressions you wear on your face transmit a great deal.
• When you smile at somebody, s/he will smile back at you.
• A smile spreads happiness around you as it makes others smile in
response.
• It also transmits happiness, friendliness, warmth, and liking.
• The voice is probably the most valuable tool you possess.
• It is the vehicle that carries most of the contents that you wish to pass
on to the audience.
• Hence, the presenter needs to use her/his voice to maximum
advantage.
• You must have control on your speed as well as volume.
• The pitch and tone are other areas that need your attention.
• It is a good idea to practice before a colleague or friend and get
feedback on whether you are too fast, too loud, too soft, etc.
• Do not speak in a monotone as it bores the listeners.
• Modulate your voice to draw the audience in, and raise it to make a
point.
• Warmth of tone and expression of the right body language to
accompany your words can help you to connect with the audience
instantly.
• Before giving a presentation on a subject, one needs to do some
home work to find out:
• • Who the audience is?
• • Where the presentation is scheduled to be held?
• • What kinds of facilities are available at the venue?
• • What is the duration? Based on these factors, decide how you want
to make the presentation.
• The three main stages of any presentation are:
• 1) The Beginning
• 2) The Middle
• 3) The Ending
• A) The Beginning
• A1 Say “Good morning “or “Good evening” or “Good afternoon”, etc.
A2 Welcome the audience.
• A3 Introduce yourself.
• A4 State the purpose of the presentation.
• A5 Relate subject to the audience.
• A6 Give a brief outline.
• As a very general principle, the rule of three is offered.
• 1. Tell them what you are going to tell them.
• 2. Tell them.
• 3. Tell them what you have told them.

• • An introduction, outlining the aim of your presentation and the


areas your talk will focus on
• • The main body, containing the substance of your talk and
developing the ideas outlined in the introduction
• • A conclusion, drawing together the main points and containing the
‘take home message’ for the audience
Please note: Don’t introduce any new
points/ideas at this stage.
• FORM OF LANGUAGE
• It is important to recognise and respond to the difference between
formal written language and spoken language.
• When giving a presentation it is not obligatory to use complicated
language constructions.
• If you choose to speak in a way that does not necessarily come
naturally to you, or is in some way made more complicated than it
needs to be, you will in all probability not communicate effectively.
• This does not mean that you should not use correct vocabulary,
especially when dealing with technical terms, which clearly form an
important element of the content.

• There is a case for giving an explanation, or simple definition, of


technical terms as they arise for the first time, particularly if you are
dealing with an area of your subject which is new to the audience.
• ENVIRONMENT (EQUIPMENT, FACILITIES)
• You should find out when your presentation will take place.
• The danger spots are immediately before or after lunch and last thing
in the afternoon when your audience may be distracted by thoughts
of dinner or the journey home.
• During these times, the more interactive your presentation can be,
the greater the chance your audience will be attentive and engaged.
• USING VISUAL AIDS
• Visual aids help us to present figures, to make comparisons and
contrasts, etc., thus enabling the presenter to deal with such
information and data easily and effectively.
• This also helps the audience to understand things easily and clearly.
• A variety of visual aids like flip charts, line graph, pie charts, maps,
tables, diagrams, photographs, etc., can be used for this purpose.
• If you use pictures, diagrams and text in a balanced way, you will
possibly help the audience to understand better what you are saying.
• This is because after three days an audience will have retained 7% of
what they read (bullet points, or other notes on the screen), but 55%
of what they saw pictorially (charts, pictures, diagrams).
• You should be aware that visual aids are complementary to the
presentation and you should not focus too narrowly on visual aids
because you will lose the key point of presentation.
• Use images to improve understanding.
• Sometimes, it is easier to use a picture instead of words to improve
audience understanding.
• When you show a picture, you can ask them a question or suggest
they think about the image in a certain way.
• You can then remain silent while they think about the image or the
task you have set them.
• Images can also be used to direct audience attention away from you
and onto the image on the screen.
• This may help to steady your nerves as it gives you a few seconds to
perhaps take some deep breaths or check your notes.
• Use images to save time.
• If there is only a short amount of time you could include images as a
quick way to cover some of the content.
• You have probably heard of the phrase, ‘a picture paints a thousand
words’ and this is very relevant to a student presentation.
• Tips for PowerPoint presentations:
• Select a clear font
• Use a font size of 28 or over: use a 36 point for titles and a 28 point
for body text
• Spelling and /or grammar mistakes
• Keep the presentation consistent, e.g. background and style.
• Keep the number of slides down to one per minute or even one per
40 seconds

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