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15 views14 pages

Tree

Uploaded by

yash.17896
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TREE

Tree data structure may be defined as-

tree is a non-linear data structure which organizes data in a hierarchical structure and this is a
recursive definition.
OR
A tree is a connected graph without any circuits.

OR
If in a graph, there is one and only one path between every pair of vertices, then graph is called as a
tree

Properties-

The important properties of tree data structure are-

● There is one and only one path between every pair of vertices in a tree.
● A tree with n vertices has exactly (n-1) edges.
● A graph is a tree if and only if it is minimally connected.
● Any connected graph with n vertices and (n-1) edges is a tree.
To gain better understanding about Tree Data Structure,

Tree Terminology-

The important terms related to tree data structure are-

1. Root-

● The first node from where the tree originates is called as a root node.
● In any tree, there must be only one root node.
● We can never have multiple root nodes in a tree data structure.

Example-
Here, node A is the only root node.

2. Edge-

● The connecting link between any two nodes is called as an edge.


● In a tree with n number of nodes, there are exactly (n-1) number of edges.

Example-
3. Parent-

● The node which has a branch from it to any other node is called as a parent node.
● In other words, the node which has one or more children is called as a parent node.
● In a tree, a parent node can have any number of child nodes.

Example-
Here,

● Node A is the parent of nodes B and C


● Node B is the parent of nodes D, E and F
● Node C is the parent of nodes G and H
● Node E is the parent of nodes I and J
● Node G is the parent of node K

4. Child-

● The node which is a descendant of some node is called as a child node.


● All the nodes except root node are child nodes.

Example-
Here,

● Nodes B and C are the children of node A


● Nodes D, E and F are the children of node B
● Nodes G and H are the children of node C
● Nodes I and J are the children of node E
● Node K is the child of node G

5. Siblings-

● Nodes which belong to the same parent are called as siblings.


● In other words, nodes with the same parent are sibling nodes.

Example-
Here,

● Nodes B and C are siblings


● Nodes D, E and F are siblings
● Nodes G and H are siblings
● Nodes I and J are siblings

6. Degree-

● Degree of a node is the total number of children of that node.


● Degree of a tree is the highest degree of a node among all the nodes in the tree.

Example-
Here,

● Degree of node A = 2
● Degree of node B = 3
● Degree of node C = 2
● Degree of node D = 0
● Degree of node E = 2
● Degree of node F = 0
● Degree of node G = 1
● Degree of node H = 0
● Degree of node I = 0
● Degree of node J = 0
● Degree of node K = 0

7. Internal Node-

● The node which has at least one child is called as an internal node.
● Internal nodes are also called as non-terminal nodes.
● Every non-leaf node is an internal node.

Example-
Here, nodes A, B, C, E and G are internal nodes.

8. Leaf Node-

● The node which does not have any child is called as a leaf node.
● Leaf nodes are also called as external nodes or terminal nodes.

Example-
Here, nodes D, I, J, F, K and H are leaf nodes.

9. Level-

● In a tree, each step from top to bottom is called as level of a tree.


● The level count starts with 0 and increments by 1 at each level or step.

Example-
10. Height-

● Total number of edges that lies on the longest path from any leaf node to a particular node is
called as height of that node.
● Height of a tree is the height of root node.
● Height of all leaf nodes = 0

Example-
Here,

● Height of node A = 3
● Height of node B = 2
● Height of node C = 2
● Height of node D = 0
● Height of node E = 1
● Height of node F = 0
● Height of node G = 1
● Height of node H = 0
● Height of node I = 0
● Height of node J = 0
● Height of node K = 0

11. Depth-

● Total number of edges from root node to a particular node is called as depth of that node.
● Depth of a tree is the total number of edges from root node to a leaf node in the longest path.
● Depth of the root node = 0
● The terms “level” and “depth” are used interchangeably.

Example-

Here,
● Depth of node A = 0
● Depth of node B = 1
● Depth of node C = 1
● Depth of node D = 2
● Depth of node E = 2
● Depth of node F = 2
● Depth of node G = 2
● Depth of node H = 2
● Depth of node I = 3
● Depth of node J = 3
● Depth of node K = 3

12. Subtree-

● In a tree, each child from a node forms a subtree recursively.


● Every child node forms a subtree on its parent node.

Example-

13. Forest-
A forest is a set of disjoint trees.

Example-

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