What is NumPy?

- NumPy stands for Numerical Python.

- It is a core library for numerical computing in
Unit- IV Python.
Introduction to NumPy - Provides support for arrays, matrices, and
high-level mathematical functions.
Powerful Library for Numerical - Linear Algebra Operations: Matrix multiplication,
Computing in Python determinant calculation
- Statistical Functions: Mean, Median, Mode
- Mathematical Operations: Exponential, logarithmic,
trigonometric (e.g. np.exp(), np.log())
- Random Sampling Functions
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Topics will be covered:

Installation
• What is NumPy • Install using pip:
• NumPy installation pip install numpy
• Arrays
• Array indexing
• Verify the Installation:
• Array vs Listing Data types
• Array Math
• Array Broadcasting

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 Creating Arrays
NumPy Array
• Arrays are the core data structure and are used
extensively for numerical computing.

• known as ndarrays Output:

(short for N-dimensional arrays)

• While they can store non- mathematical

information such as strings, they exist mainly to
manage and facilitate operations with data that is
numeric in nature.
Output:
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Array Attributes
Creating Arrays
#1D Array: • Shape: arr.shape #returns tuple
import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4]) • Size: arr.size #total elements

• Dimensions: arr.ndim
#2D Array (Matrix):
arr2 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]]) • Data Type: arr.dtype

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 Dimensions: arr.ndim & Data Type: arr.dtype
- Shape: arr.shape

Output:

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Size: arr.size

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 dtype
ü dtype stands for "data type” Array Indexing
ü represents the type of elements that are stored in a
NumPy array. Access elements using indices:
ü Every NumPy array has a dtype associated with it, arr = np.array([10, 20, 30])
which tells NumPy how to interpret the data in the print(arr[0])
array's memory.

Multi-dimensional indexing:
arr2 = np.array([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
print(arr2[1, 0])

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Array Slicing

Output:

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 # Accessing elements in a 1D array
Slicing a 2D Array arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
• Access the first element (index 0) print(arr[0])
1
• Access the last element (index -1) print(arr[-1])
5
• Access a slice of the array (elements print(arr[1:4])
[2 3 4]
from index 1 to 3)

# Accessing elements in a 2D array (matrix)

matrix = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
• Access the element at row 0, column 0 print(matrix[0,
1 0])
• Access the element at row 1, column 2 print(matrix[1,
6 2])
• Access the entire first row print(matrix[0,
[1 2 3] :])
• Access the entire second column print(matrix[:,
[2 5] 1])

# Accessing elements in a 3D array

tnsr_3d = np.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5,
6], [7, 8]]])
• Access the element at depth 0, row 0, print(tnsr_3d[0, 1 0, 0])
column 0
• Access the element at depth 1, row 1, print(tnsr_3d[1, 8 1, 1])
column 1
• Access the entire first row across all print(tnsr_3d[:, [[1 2] 0, :])
depths [5 6]]
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19 1])
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Array Math Operations

arr1 = np.array([1, 2, 3])
arr2 = np.array([4, 5, 6])

# Element-wise addition
add_result = arr1 + arr2
Addition: [5 7 9]
print("Addition:", add_result)

# Element-wise subtraction
sub_result = arr1 - arr2
print("Subtraction:", sub_result) Subtraction: [-3 -3 -3]

Output è # Element-wise multiplication

multipli_res = arr1 * arr2
print("Multiplication:", multipli_res) Multiplication: [ 4 10 18]
# Element-wise division
div_result = arr1 / arr2
print("Division:", div_result) Division: [0.25 0.4 0.5 ]
# Dot product of two arrays
dot_product_res = np.dot(arr1, arr2)
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 Array Math Operations - ndarray
arr1 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [7, 8, 9]])
arr2 = np.array([[4, 5, 6], [5, 6, 7]])
# Element-wise addition Addition:
add_result = arr1 + arr2 [[ 5 7 9]
print("Addition:", add_result) [12 14 16]]

# Element-wise subtraction Subtraction:

sub_result = arr1 - arr2 [[-3 -3 -3]
print("Subtraction:", sub_result) [ 2 2 2]]

# Element-wise multiplication Multiplication:

multi_res = arr1 * arr2 [[ 4 10 18]
print("Multiplication:", multi_res) [35 48 63]]

# Element-wise division Division:

div_result = arr1 / arr2 [[0.25 0.4 0.5 ]
print("Division:", div_result) [1.4 1.33333333 1.28571429]]

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 Array Math Operations # Square root of each element
Assignment

sqrt_result = np.sqrt(arr1)

# Exponential of each element #(e**x, e= 2.718)

exp_result = np.exp(arr1)

# Sine of each element

sin_result = np.sin(arr1)

# Sum of all elements in an array

sum_result = np.sum(arr1)

# Mean of all elements in an array

mean_result = np.mean(arr1)

# Standard deviation of all elements in an array

std_result = np.std(arr1)

Output à # Maximum element in an array

max_result = np.max(arr1)

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Mathematical Functions Broadcasting

• Examples: Allows operations on arrays of different shapes.
• - Sum: np.sum(arr) Example:
• - Mean: np.mean(arr)
• - Square Root: np.sqrt(arr)
• Vectorized operations for efficiency.

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 arr1 = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]) #Shape (2,3)
arr2 = np.array([10, 20, 30]) #Shape (3,)

result = arr1 + arr2

print(result)

Before performing addition, NumPy "stretches"

arr2 to match the shape of arr1. It behaves as if
Output à arr2 becomes:

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It "stretches" the dimensions of smaller arrays

to match the shape of larger arrays so that
element-wise operations

arr1 has shape (3, 1) and arr2 has shape (3,).

Here, the scalar 5 is "stretched" to match the
shape of arr (treated as [5, 5, 5]), allowing the
arr2 is "stretched" to shape (1, 3), then both arrays
element-wise addition.
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become compatible for element-wise multiplication.
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 Matplotlib

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What is Matplotlib? Creating a Basic Plot

• Matplotlib is a popular Python library used for

creating static, animated, and interactive
visualizations.

• used in data science, machine learning, and

scientific computing for its powerful plotting
capabilities and flexibility in generating a wide
variety of plots and charts.

• Matplotlib is designed to work seamlessly with

libraries like NumPy and Pandas, making it a go-to
choice for visualizing data.
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 subplot

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plt.title("Simple Line Plot")

plt.xlabel("X-axis")
plt.ylabel("Y-axis")

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 Image…

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Customizing Plots
- Change line styles and colors:
plt.plot(x, y, linestyle='--', color='g')

- Add legends:
plt.legend(['Data Line'])

- Add gridlines:
plt.grid(True)

- Add titles and labels: `plt.title('Title'),

plt.xlabel('X'), plt.ylabel('Y')`
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Sample data
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [10, 12, 15, 20, 25]

x1 = [15, 25, 35, 45, 55]

y1 = [10, 12, 15, 20, 25]

# Creating a basic plot

plt.plot(x, y, linestyle='--', color='g', label='Line1 Data')
plt.plot(x1, y1, linestyle='--', color='r', label='Line2 Data')

# Adding a legend
#plt.legend(['Data Line', 'Meta'])
plt.legend()

# Adding gridlines
Thank You… !!
plt.grid(True)

# Adding title and labels

plt.title('Simple Plot Example')
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')

# Displaying the plot

plt.show() PCU/Python/UnitIV/NumPyMatPlot/Namita PCU/Python/UnitIV/NumPyMatPlot/Namita
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Reshaping Arrays
• Changing array shape with reshape():
• arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
• reshaped = arr.reshape(2, 2)
• Resulting shape: (2, 2) matrix.

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