FATHER AGNEL SCHOOL

TYPES OF A.I
CLASS VII 2024-25

What Is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulations of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to
think and act like humans. Learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language comprehension
are all examples of cognitive abilities.

Artificial Intelligence is a method of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software think

intelligently like the human mind. AI is accomplished by studying the patterns of the human brain and by
analysing the cognitive process. The outcome of these studies develops intelligent software and systems.

The father of artificial intelligence

One of the greatest innovators in the field of AI was John McCarthy who got the title of Father of Artificial

Intelligence for his contribution to the field of Computer Science and AI.

John McCarthy used the term Artificial Intelligence for the first time in 1956 when he organized the

Dartmouth Conference, which is considered the birth of AI as a field of study.

Elements of Artificial Intelligence:

1. Machine learning: It is a branch of artificial intelligence that allows systems to learn on their own
and become more intelligent over time without the need for explicit programming.
o Example: Spam filtering in email clients, which learns to identify spam emails based on
patterns in the data.
2. Deep learning: It is a subset of machine learning that uses artificial neural networks with multiple
layers to learn hierarchical representations of data.
o Example: Facial recognition systems used for tagging people in photos or unlocking
smartphones.
3. Natural language processing (NLP): NLP is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with
enabling computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language.
o Example: Virtual assistants like Siri or Alexa that can understand and respond to voice
commands.
4. Computer vision: It is an artificial intelligence interdisciplinary field that allows computers to
comprehend and interpret digital images or videos to represent the visual world.
o Example: Self-driving cars that can detect and recognize objects, pedestrians, and traffic
signals.
5. Neural networks: Neural networks are a type of machine learning model inspired by the human
brain's neural connections.
o They consist of interconnected nodes or neurons that process input data, learn to recognize
patterns and make decisions or predictions based on that learning.
 Example: Recommendation systems used by streaming platforms like Netflix to
suggest movies and shows based on user preferences.

Types of Artificial Intelligence

Based on capabilities:

o Narrow AI (Weak AI)

 Narrow AI is designed for specific tasks and operates within predefined boundaries.
 Examples: Virtual assistants, chess-playing programs, speech recognition, spam filters
 o General AI (Strong AI)
 General Artificial Intelligence aims to mimic human intelligence across various tasks.
 Unlike narrow AI, AGI can reason, learn, and adapt like a human.
o Super AI
 A future form of AI surpasses human intelligence significantly.

Based on functionality:

o Reactive Machines
 These AI systems operate in the present moment, reacting to current data without
memory or past experiences.
 Examples: IBM’s Deep Blue (chess-playing AI) and Google’s AlphaGo
o Limited Memory Machines
 Artificial Intelligence with limited memory can use past data to make decisions but
does not have a full history of interactions.
 Examples: Self-driving cars, language translation software
o Theory of Mind AI
 This type aims to understand human emotions, beliefs, intentions and thought
processes.
 This type of AI is still in its infancy.
o Self-Aware AI
 AI that has a sense of self-awareness and consciousness, similar to human
consciousness.
 It is highly speculative and not yet achieved.

How does AI work?

 AI systems acquire data, preprocess it, and extract relevant features.

 Appropriate algorithms like machine learning, deep learning, or rules are selected and trained on the
data to learn patterns.
 The trained models are evaluated, optimized, and deployed to make predictions or decisions based on
new input data.
 Artificial Intelligence combines techniques like natural language processing, computer vision, and
reasoning to mimic human-like intelligence.
 It continuously learns and improves through exposure to more data and feedback.

Artificial intelligence has numerous applications across various industries. Some of the most common
applications include:

 E-commerce: Helps in personalised recommendations, fraud detection, and chatbots for customer
support.
 Education: Used for adaptive learning, personalised learning plans, and intelligent tutoring systems.
 Robotics: Powers robots for automation, inspection, and assembly line tasks.
 Healthcare: Aids in medical diagnosis, drug discovery, and patient monitoring.
 Social Media: Used for content moderation, recommendation systems, and sentiment analysis.
 Agriculture: Helps in precision farming, crop monitoring, and yield prediction.
 Manufacturing: Used for quality control, predictive maintenance, supply chain optimization, and
robotics.
 Finance: Aids in fraud detection, risk assessment, and investment management.
 Transportation: Used for self-driving cars, traffic management, and route optimization.
 Environment: Helps in climate modelling, pollution monitoring, and renewable energy
management.
Examples of AI in Daily Life

Artificial Intelligence is an integral part of our lives, enhancing convenience, efficiency, and decision-
making across various domains.

 Chatbots: ChatGPT by OpenAI, Copilot by Microsoft Bing

 Smart assistants: Siri, Alexa, and Cortana
 Recommendation algorithms: Google’s search algorithm, Netflix’s personalised content
recommendations
 Face Recognition: FaceID on iPhones, Security cameras
 Navigation apps: Google Maps, Waze
 Social Media algorithms: Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter’s curated feeds.
 Ridesharing apps: Uber, Ola

Advantages and Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers immense potential for innovation and efficiency but comes with challenges
such as ethical concerns, job displacement, and data privacy issues.

Significance of AI

 Productivity boost: AI automates tasks, reducing human effort and time.

o Example: Robotic process automation in finance for data entry and report generation.
 Improved decision-making: Machine learning models analyse data to identify patterns and insights.
o Example: Predictive analytics in retail for demand forecasting and inventory optimization.
 Task automation: AI systems can handle repetitive and mundane tasks with high accuracy.
o Example: Chatbots for customer service inquiries in various industries.
 Consistent outcomes: AI algorithms follow defined rules, ensuring consistency across processes.
o Example: Credit risk assessment in banking using machine learning models.
 New frontiers: AI enables breakthroughs in healthcare, research, and education.
o Example: AI-assisted drug discovery and personalized medicine.

Concerns Related to Artificial Intelligence

 Job loss: AI automation can lead to job displacement, especially in repetitive and routine tasks.
o Example: Self-checkout systems in retail reducing the need for cashiers.
 Ethical concerns: AI systems can perpetuate biases present in training data or algorithms.
 Example: Facial recognition systems showing bias against certain ethnicities.
 Potential misuse: Artificial Intelligence technologies can be misused for malicious purposes like
privacy breaches or cyber-attacks.
o Example: DeepFakes for spreading misinformation and propaganda.
 Data dependence: AI models require large, high-quality datasets for effective training and learning.
o Example: Inaccurate medical diagnoses due to incomplete or biased patient data.
 Lack of human traits: AI lacks human qualities like creativity, emotional intelligence, and empathy.
o Example: Chatbots failing to provide emotional support in mental health applications.
 High costs: Developing and implementing AI systems can be resource-intensive and costly.
o Example: Significant investment required for AI research and development.
 Interpretability challenges: Complex Artificial Intelligence models can be opaque, making it
difficult to understand their decision-making processes.
o Example: Lack of transparency in AI-based loan approval systems.
 EXERCISE-1

1. Which of the following is an example of a weak AI?

a) Siri
b) A self-aware robot
c) AI that can experience emotions
d) AI with consciousness
2. Which of the following is a popular language for AI development?
a) HTML
b) Python
c) CSS
d) SQL
3. Which of the following is a challenge in AI?
a) Power consumption
b) Ethics and moral dilemmas
c) Internet connectivity
d) Hardware design
4. What is a Chatbot?
a) A robot that can chat
b) A type of malware
c) A software application used to conduct an online chat conversation via text or text-to-speech
d) A new programming language
5. Which of the following is an example of an AI application?
a) Spell Check in word processors
b) A calculator
c) A physical robot
d) A traditional database
6. What is the primary use of AI in healthcare?
a) Scheduling appointments
b) Patient entertainment
c) Diagnostics and treatment planning
d) Cleaning hospital facilities
7. What is the primary difference between AI and Machine Learning?
a) AI and Machine Learning are the same
b) AI is a broader concept that includes Machine Learning
c) Machine Learning focuses on creating intelligent machines, while AI does not
d) Machine Learning is older than AI
8.What is the full form of “AI”?
a) Artificially Intelligent
b) Artificial Intelligence
c) Artificially Intelligence

Q1. Explain advantages and disadvantages of A.I. explain any four?

Q2. Give 4 examples of A.I. in daily life.

Q3. What are the Elements of Artificial Intelligence?

Q4. What is the difference between Narrow AI (Weak AI) and General AI (Strong AI)?