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Week - 5

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5 views

Week - 5

Uploaded by

dpachaiappan16
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment – 4

Name Pachaiappan D
College Name Sri Ramanujar Engineering College
College Code 4123
Register number 412321106007
Assignment Week - 5

PROGRAM :

% Script for computing the Bit Error Rate (BER) for Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
modulation in a

% Rayleigh fading channel with 2 Transmitters (Tx) and 2 Receivers (Rx) MIMO channel,

% using Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) equalization.

clear; % Clear workspace variables

N = 10^6; % Number of bits or symbols

Eb_N0_dB = [0:15]; % Multiple Eb/N0 values in dB

nTx = 2; % Number of transmitters

nRx = 2; % Number of receivers

for ii = 1:length(Eb_N0_dB)

% Transmitter

% Generate random bit sequence for transmission

ip = rand(1, N) > 0.5; % Generating 0s and 1s with equal probability

s = 1 * ip - 1; % BPSK modulation: 0 -> -1; 1 -> 0

% Modulate the symbols for MIMO transmission

sMod = kron(s, ones(nRx, 1));

sMod = reshape(sMod, [nRx, nTx, N / nTx]);


% Generate Rayleigh fading channel

h = 1/sqrt(2) * [randn(nRx, nTx, N / nTx) + j * randn(nRx, nTx, N / nTx)];

% Generate white Gaussian noise with 0dB variance

n = 1/sqrt(2) * [randn(nRx, N / nTx) + j * randn(nRx, N / nTx)];

% Channel and noise addition

y = squeeze(sum(h .* sMod, 10)) + 10^(-Eb_N0_dB(ii) / 20) * n;

% Receiver

% Compute the MMSE equalization matrix: W = inv(H^H*H + sigma^2*I)*H^H

hCof = zeros(2, 2, N / nTx);

hCof(1, 1, :) = sum(h(:, 2, :) .* conj(h(:, 2, :)), 1) + 10^(-Eb_N0_dB(ii) / 10);

hCof(2, 2, :) = sum(h(:, 1, :) .* conj(h(:, 1, :)), 1) + 10^(-Eb_N0_dB(ii) / 10);

hCof(2, 1, :) = -sum(h(:, 2, :) .* conj(h(:, 1, :)), 1);

hCof(1, 2, :) = -sum(h(:, 1, :) .* conj(h(:, 2, :)), 1);

hDen = ((hCof(1, 1, :) .* hCof(2, 2, :)) - (hCof(1, 2, :) .* hCof(2, 1, :)));

hDen = reshape(kron(reshape(hDen, 1, N / nTx), ones(2, 2)), 2, 2, N / nTx);

hInv = hCof ./ hDen;

hMod = reshape(conj(h), nRx, N);

yMod = kron(y, ones(1, 2));

yMod = sum(hMod .* yMod, 1);

yMod = kron(reshape(yMod, 2, N / nTx), ones(1, 2));

yHat = sum(reshape(hInv, 2, N) .* yMod, 1);

% Receiver - hard decision decoding

ipHat = real(yHat) > 0;


% Counting the errors

nErr(ii) = size(find([ip - ipHat]), 2);

end

% Compute simulated BER

simBer = nErr / N;

% Compute theoretical BER for nRx=1 and nRx=2

EbN0Lin = 10 .^ (Eb_N0_dB / 10);

theoryBer_nRx1 = 0.5 * (1 - (1 + 1 ./ EbN0Lin) .^ (-0.5));

p = 1 / 2 - 1 / 2 * (1 + 1 ./ EbN0Lin) .^ (-1 / 2);

theoryBerMRC_nRx2 = p .^ 2 .* (1 + 2 * (1 - p));

% Plot BER curves

close all;

figure;

semilogy(Eb_N0_dB, theoryBer_nRx1, 'bp-', 'LineWidth', 2);

hold on;

semilogy(Eb_N0_dB, theoryBerMRC_nRx2, 'kd-', 'LineWidth', 2);

semilogy(Eb_N0_dB, simBer, 'mo-', 'LineWidth', 2);

axis([0 25 10^-5 0.5]);

grid on;

legend('Theory (nTx=2, nRx=2, ZF)', 'Theory (nTx=1, nRx=2, MRC)', 'Simulation (nTx=2,
nRx=2, MMSE)');

xlabel('Average Eb/No (dB)');

ylabel('Bit Error Rate');

title('BER for BPSK modulation with 2x2 MIMO and MMSE equalizer (Rayleigh channel)');
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% Assignment Questions:

% 1. Explore Multiple Eb/N0 ranges

% 2. Explore the impact of QPSK, 16-QAM on BER in MIMO

% 3. Explore how Noise immunity differs with different modulation schemes

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

By changing the different values in the program,we have a different output.

OUTPUT:

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