GEODESY

 During the 1960-1980 period, the basic framework of the triangulation network
of the Philippines was, maintained by the _____ with _____ accuracy level.
a. Bureau of Lands, first order
b. Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Survey, first order
c. Bureau of Lands, second order
d. Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Survey, second order

 If a GPS receiver readout displays a height = +36.05 meters and the geoid
undulation, N, is equal to +25.73 meters, calculate the orthometric height, H,
in meters, of the point.
a. 9.32
b. 12.32
c. 10.32
d. 11.32

 Triangulation baseline were measured accurately and carefully using _____, an

alloy which is highly resistant to change in length caused by changes in _____.
a. Fiberglass, temperature
b. Invar, humidity
c. Invar, temperature
d. Fiberglass, humidity

 Geoid _____ is the distance between the ellipsoid and the geoid at a given
_____.
a. Merging, point
b. Merging, surface
c. Separation, point
d. Separation, surface

 GNSS satellites have _____ clocks.

a. Quartz
b. Atomic
c. Analog
d. Astronomic

 Bench marks are relatively ______ objects, natural or ….. bearing marked
points, whose ______ above or below and adopted…. Known
a. Temporary, elevation
b. Temporary, coordinates
c. Permanent, elevation
d. Permanent, coordinates

 Orthometric height is generally presented as a mean _______.. elevation.

a. River
b. Sea
c. Lake
d. Water

 An inaccurate ______ determination in GNSS observation ______ error because the

computed distance between the …. And the satellite is incorrect
a. Continuity, position
b. Ambiguity, position
c. Continuity, multipath
d. Ambiguity, multipath
 Free-air gravity anomaly _____ the observed gravity to the geoid … the
assumption that the space between the earth’s surface and the geoid has _____
mass.
a. Increases, dense
b. Increases, no
c. Reduces, dense
d. Reduces, no

 The _______ of the earth is approximately ________.

a. Flattening, 1/400
b. Elongation, 1/400
c. Flattening, 1/300
d. Elongation, 1/300

 ________ is the determination of the _______ position of a survey at.. using

the observed directions from the station to points of known positions.
a. Resection, known
b. Intersection, unknown
c. Resection, unknown
d. Intersection, known

 The equatorial bulge of the earth is approximately equal to ______ kilometers.

a. 43.72
b. 44.72
c. 42.72
d. 41.72

 The convergency correction between two geodetic control points.. to the product
of the ______ difference in arc seconds multipl…. The sine of the mean _____.
a. Latitude, longitude
b. Longitude, Azimuth
c. Longitude, latitude
d. Azimuth, latitude

 The equinox is one of the two points of intersection of the… the celestial
equator occupied by the sun when its declination… ______ degrees.
a. Ecliptic, 90
b. Galactic, 90
c. Galactic, 0
d. Ecliptic, 0

 The orbital planes of the GPS satellites are inclined by ______ degrees with
respect to the ______.
a. 50, meridian
b. 55, equator
c. 55, meridian
d. 50, equator

 The classical definition of geodesy at present has been extended to include the
temporal variations of the earth’s surface and the ______ field.
a. Remote Sensing
b. Satellite
c. Gravity
d. Cadastral

 In the plane surface, a helmert transformation has _______ parameters … space,

it has ______ parameters.
a. Four, five
b. Four, seven
c. Three, six
d. Two, four
 GNSS real-time network RTK GPS surveys use several _______-mount…. Continuously
operating reference stations.
a. Tripod
b. Rover
c. Temporarily
d. Permanently

 The geoid can be defined as the ______ surface of the earth’s gravity field
which best fits, in a least squares sense, a ______ mean….
a. Quintessential, regional
b. Equipotential, regional
c. Quintessential, global
d. Equipotential, global

 In real-time kinematic (RTK) GNSS surveys, a base station at the known point
transmits corrections to the ______.
a. Satellite
b. Rover
c. Observer
d. Office

 In the relation between Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) and ellipsoidal

coordinates (latitude, longitude and height), z= [(b^2/a^2) N+h] times ______,
where the value N is the radius of curvature in the prime vertical.
a. cos ()
b. cot ()
c. sin ()
d. tan ()

 When the center of the _____ of a geodetic datum coincides with the center of
the mass of the earth, the geodetic datum is ______.
a. Ellipsoid, non-geocentric
b. Geoid, non-geocentric
c. Ellipsoid, geocentric
d. Geoid, geocentric

 In GNSS surveying, set-up errors include errors in centering the ______ and
measuring the height of ______ at a control point.
a. Compass, instrument
b. Compass, tripod
c. Tribrach, intrument
d. Tribrach, tripod

 Areas with very high wireless communication traffic or nearby high ______ power
lines should be avoided in order to minimize or eliminate ______ error.
a. Voltage, collimation
b. Transmission, multipath
c. Transmission, collimation
d. Voltage, multipath

 Multipath causes GNSS signals to travel along ______ paths.

a. Circular
b. Shorter
c. Longer
d. Elliptical
 GPS receivers show that the prime meridian at Greenwich is approximately ______
meters east of the zero longitude of space-based location systems such as
WGS84.
a. 112
b. 122
c. 102
d. 132

 _______ in antenna height measurement are a common sources of error in GNSS

surveys because all GNSS surveys are ______ dimensions whether the vertical
component will be used or not.
a. Records, three
b. Blunder, three
c. Records, two
d. Blunders, two

 A _______ in the value of a ______ angle between a back-sight and any other
survey point.
a. Bearing, counterclockwise
b. Bearing, clockwise
c. Direction, counterclockwise
d. Direction, clockwise

 The angle between the ______ plane and a line joining a point on ellipsoid to
the center of the ellipsoid is called ______ latitude.
a. Polar, geodetic
b. Polar, geocentric
c. Equatorial, geodetic
d. Equatorial, geocentric

 Vertical deflection are ______ in flat areas than in steep mountain slopes.
a. Negligible
b. Zero
c. Larger
d. Smaller

 The ______ of a point has been measured for thousands of years by mariners and
land travelers by observing the ______ of Polaris the north star.
a. Latitude, brightness
b. Longitude, brightness
c. Latitude, height
d. Longitude, height

 The arithmetic differencing of carrier phases measured by a single GNSS

receiver tracking ______ GNSS satellites deletes all ______ errors.
a. Two, clock
b. Four, receiver
c. Four, clock
d. Two, receiver

 When the ______ direction of the earth in elongated, ______ ellipsoid of

revolution is generated.
a. East-west, a prolate
b. North-south, an oblate
c. North-south, a prolate
d. East-west, an oblate
  _______ gravimeters are based directly on measuring the acceleration of free
fall.
a. Spring
b. Absolute
c. Relative
d. Vacuum

 Real-time kinematic GPS surveys require ______ of observation through

independent ______ of stations to detect blunders and for network adjustment.
a. Redundancy, re-selection
b. Reduction, re-occupation
c. Reduction, re-selection
d. Redundancy, re-occupation

 Astronomic azimuth is based on the true shape and rotation of the earth;
whereas, ______ azimuth is based on the ______approximation of the earth’s
shape.
a. Geodetic, graphical
b. Grid, graphical
c. Grid, mathematical
d. Geodetic, mathematical

 _______ errors in GNSS surveying can be ______ through careful procedures and
proper site reconnaissance.
a. Site-dependent, maximized
b. Site-dependent, minimized
c. Receiver timing, maximized
d. Receiver timing, minimized

 Greenwich time is equal to local time plus the ______ of the places of
observation.
a. Latitude
b. Longitude
c. Azimuth
d. Elevation

 The sum of the squares of the errors ______ by the number of errors.. called
______.
a. Divided, standard deviation
b. Multiplied, root mean square error
c. Multiplied, standard deviation
d. Divided, root mean square error

 The semi-major radius of the world geodetic system of.. is ______ meters.
a. 6378.237
b. 6378.137
c. ….
d. ….

 The equatorial ______ is approximately ______ kilometers.

a. Diameter, …
b. Circumference, …
c. Circumference, …
d. Diameter, …

SITUATIONAL

SITUATION 1 – A person in Antipolo City whose line of sight is 450 feet above mean sea
level observes that the line of the horizon at the Manila Bay and the roof deck of a
building are in vertical alignment. If the building is 16.2 miles from the observer.
  Determine the distance from the observer to the horizon, in km.
a. 44.2
b. 46.2
c. 45.2
d. 45.8

 Determine the height of the building to the horizon in meters.

a. 23.4
b. 25.4
c. 24.4
d. 26.4

 Determine the distance from the building to the horizon, in km.

a. 18
b. 19
c. 20
d. 17

SITUATION 2 – Differential Levelling between two bench marks BM 19 and BM 20 are

carried out across two different routes. The route lengths and respective differences
in elevation as determined in the field for each route are indicated below

Route Length Diff in Elevation

(m)
1 7 9.043
2 2 9.108

 Using the Least Squares method, determine the correction in mm, to the
elevation difference along route 1.
a. +0.036
b. +0.046
c. +0.051
d. +0.041

 Using the Least Squares method, determine the correction in mm, to the
elevation difference along route 2.
a. -0.029
b. -0.019
c. -0.014
d. -0.024

 Using the Least Squares method, determine the adjusted difference in elevation
between BM 19 and BM 20.
a. 9.079
b. 9.089
c. 9.094
d. 9.084

SITUATION 3 – The WGS84 geographic coordinates of PRS92 station AGS-3 in San Luis,
Agusan Del Sur, are latitude = 8d26m49.17455s and longitude = 125d43m18.25170s. If the
semi-major axis a= 6378137 meters; first eccentricity, e = 0.0818191909; and h=…

 Determine the X-cartesian coordinates of station AGS-3, in meters.

a. -3683739.740
b. -2683736.740
c. -3683141.740
d. -3482740.740
  Determine the Y-cartesian coordinates of station AGS-3, in meters.
a. 930703.542
b. 930707.542
c. 930708.542
d. 930706.542

 Determine the Z-cartesian coordinates of station AGS-3, in meters.

a. 5122364.797
b. 5122366.797
c. 5122365.797
d. 5122163.797

SITUATION 4 – First-order differential leveling is carried out from BM 27 to BM 28

along three different routes but with the same precision. The route lengths and
respective differences in elevation as determined in the field for each route
indicated below

Route Length Diff in Elevation

(m)
1 10 8.175
2 5 8.095
3 8 8.145

 Using the Least Squares method, determine the correction in millimeters, to the
difference in elevation along route 1.
a. -36
b. -41
c. -46
d. -31

 Using the Least Squares method, determine the correction in millimeters, to the
difference in elevation along route 2.
a. +44
b. +39
c. +49
d. +34
 Using the Least Squares method, determine the adjusted difference in elevation
between BM 27 and BM 28.
a. 8.139
b. 8.134
c. 8.129
d. 8.144

SITUATION 5: The following PRS92 geographic and grid coordinates of stations BHL-1 and
CBU-1 are provided as reference stations:

Stations Geographic Coordinates Grid Coordinates

Latitude Longitude Northings
Eastings
BHL-1 9-36-26.39543 123-51-10.60199 1062419.629 593626.159
CBU-1 10-59-16.07254 123-56-42.72537 1215141.963 603303.482

 Determine the grid azimuth from station BHL-1 to station CBU-1.

a. 183-37-42.6
b. 183-37-22.6
c. 183-37-52.6
d. 183-37-32.6
 Determine the meridian convergence, in arc seconds.
a. 54.4
b. 59.4
c. 49.4
d. 45.4
  Determine the geodetic azimuth from station BHL-1 to station CBU-1 assuming
that the arc-to-chord correction is negligible.
a. 183-38-17.0
b. 183-38-12.0
c. 183-38-32.0
d. 183-38-22.0

SITUATION 6: A geodetic leveling team physically recovered three NAMRIA bench marks
for a first order leveling densification project. The published elevations are as
follows: BM4 = 21.695 meters, BM5 = 24.034 meters and BM6 = 29.404 meters. The team
conducted differential leveling <see field notes below> to determine which of the
bench marks might be used as reference stations for the project.

Field Notes

Stations BS <m> FS<m>

BM4 1.621
1.455
1.289

TP1 1.781 1.547

1.540 1.408
1.299 1.269

TP2 1.346 1.566

1.200 1.310
1.054 1.054

TP3 1.717 1.426

1.584 1.290
1.451 1.154

TP4 2.426 1.386

2.138 1.253
1.850 1.120

TP5 2.219 0.955

2.081 0.832
1.943 0.709

TP6 2.016 0.688

1.888 0.546
1.760 0.404

TP7 2.623 1.016

2.451 0.870
2.279 0.724

TP8 1.118 0.724

0.993 0.552
0.868 0.380

TP9 1.590 2.160

1.384 2.021
1.178 1.882

BM6 0.822
0.604
0.386
  Between BM4 and BM6, what is the allowable error of closure….
a. 6.5
b. 2.5
c. 3.5
d. 4.5

 Between BM4 and BM6, what is the magnitude of the difference in published
difference in elevation <ΔH-published> and field based difference in elevation
<ΔH-field>, in mm?
a. 12
b. 8
c. 10
d. 14

 What set of bench marks have been recovered within first-order geodetic
leveling accuracy?
a. BM 4 and BM 5
b. BM 4, BM 5 and BM 6
c. BM 4 and BM 6
d. BM 5 and BM 6

SITUATION 7: Differential leveling between two bench marks BM 17 and BM 18 is carried

out across two different routes. The route lengths and respective differences in
elevation as determined in the field for each route are indicated below.

Route Length <km> Difference in Elevation

(m)
1 5 11.950
2 8 12.010

 Using the Least Squares method, determine the correction in millimeters, to the
elevation difference along route 1.
a. +0.033
b. +0.038
c. +0.026
d. +0.023

 Using the Least Squares method, determine the correction in millimeters, to the
elevation difference along route 2.
a. -0.027
b. -0.037
c. -0.022
d. -0.032

 Using the Least Squares method, determine the adjusted difference in elevation
between BM 17 and BM 18.
a. 11.978
b. 11.973
c. 11.988
d. 11.983

SITUATION 8: The closed traverse data for a by-pass road project are …. Below. From
initial baseline stations BU-98 and BU-9A, the traverse established station P7, P8,
and P9 then closed on station BU-10.

Published coordinates <m>

Station Northings Eastings
BU-9A 988476.632 563563.333
BU-9B 989024.500 564263.250
BU-10 989875.456 565585.311
Station Backsight Station Angle Measured
Distance
Occupied Station Observed Clockwise
<meters>

BU-9B BU-9A P7 186-48-01.9 353.958

P7 BU-9B P8 187-03-34.6 427.099
P8 P7 P9 156-51-44.1 407.793
P9 P8 P10 169-07-39.5 97.032
P10 P9 BU-10 218-12-51.0 321.710

 Determine the geodetic azimuth closure for the line BU 9-BU 10 of the traverse
in arc seconds.
a. 2.4
b. 0.4
c. 4.4
d. 6.4

 Determine the geodetic survey accuracy level of the azimuth closure.

a. Second-order
b. First-order
c. Third-order
d. Fourth-order

 Calculate the relative error of closure, expressed as a fraction to the nearest

thousand.
a. 1/52000
b. 1/50000
c. 1/51000
d. 1/49000

SITUATION 9: Differential leveling is carried out from BM 21 to BM 22 along three

different routes but with same precision. The route length and respective differences
in elevation as determined in the field for each route are indicated below.

Route Length <m> Difference in Elevation

(m)
1 8 16.010
2 9 16.100
3 5 16.160

 Using the Least Squares method, determine the correction, in millimeters, to

the field difference in elevation along route 1.
a. +102
b. +112
c. +97
d. +92

 Using the Least Squares method, determine the correction, in millimeters, to

the field difference in elevation along route 3.
a. -43
b. -58
c. -53
d. -48

 Using the three routes, what is the adjusted difference in elevation between BM
21 and BM 22 in meters?
a. 16.117
b. 16.102
c. 16.107
d. 16.112
SITUATION 10: In a triangulation project, an eccentric station <E> is set up at a
distance of 400000 meters from true station <T>. Line <TE> has an azimuth of 320-00-
000 from station E, three triangulation stations w, x, and z are observed with angles
in a clockwise direction. Angle WEX = 135-00-00; angle XET = 45-00-00; and angle WXZ =
275-00-00, line EW=6 km; line EX=9 km; and line EZ=12 km.

 Determine the azimuth of line XZ.

a. 249-50-11.6
b. 251-50-11.6
c. 252-50-11.6
d. 250-50-11.6
 Determine the azimuth of line XW.
a. 295-06-48.8
b. 292-06-48.8
c. 293-06-48.8
d. 294-06-48.8
 Determine the azimuth of line WZ.
a. 209-29-23.4
b. 208-29-23.4
c. 206-29-23.4
d. 207-29-23.4

SITUATION 11: A geodetic leveling team physically recovered three NAMRIA bench marks
for a first order leveling densification project. The published elevations are as
follows: BM4 = 21.688 meters, BM5 = 24.034 meters and BM6 = 29.404 meters. The team
conducted differential leveling <see field notes below> to determine which of the
bench marks might be used as reference stations for the project.

Field Notes

Stations BS <m> FS<m>

BM4 1.621
1.455
1.289

TP1 1.183 1.141

1.540 1.488
1.299 1.368

TP2 1.346 1.566

1.200 1.290
1.054 1.054

TP3 1.717 1.426

1.584 1.290
1.451 1.154

TP4 2.426 1.386

2.138 1.253
1.850 1.120

BM 5 2.219 0.566
2.000 0.300
1.878 0.034

TP5 2.219 0.955

2.081 0.832
1.943 0.709

TP6 2.016 0.688

1.888 0.546
1.760 0.404
TP7 2.623 1.016
2.451 0.870
2.279 0.724

TP8 1.118 0.724

0.993 0.552
0.868 0.380

TP9 1.590 2.160

1.384 2.021
1.178 1.882

BM6 0.822
0.604
0.386

 Between BM4 and BM6, what is the allowable error of closure, in mm?
a. 4.5
b. 2.5
c. 6.5
d. 3.5
 Between BM4 and BM5, what is the magnitude of the difference in published
difference in elevation <ΔH-published> and field based difference in elevation
<ΔH-field>, in mm?
a. 8
b. 14
c. 12
d. 10
 What set of bench marks have been recovered within first-order geodetic
leveling accuracy?
a. BM 4 and BM 5
b. BM 4 and BM 6
c. BM 4, BM 5 and BM 6
d. BM 5 and BM 6

SITUATION 12: The following PRS92 geographic and grid coordinates of stations BHL-1
and CBU-1 are provided as reference stations:

Stations Geographic Coordinates Grid Coordinates

Latitude Longitude Northings
Eastings
MMA-1 14-32-13.66238 121-02-23.14210 1607761.469 504138.600
MMA-6 14-35-59.15786 120-58-18.24728 1614525.125 496954.655

 Determine the grid azimuth from station MMA-1 to station MMA-6.

a. 133-16-16.4
b. 133-16-26.4
c. 133-16-06.4
d. 133-16-36.4
 Determine the meridian convergence, in arc seconds.
a. 71.6
b. 61.6
c. 66.6
d. 56.6
 Determine the geodetic azimuth from station MMA-1 to station MMA-2 assuming
that the arc-to-chord correction is negligible.
a. 133-17-48.0
b. 133-17-28.0
c. 133-17-38.0
d. 133-17-18.0
SITUATION 2 – Differential Levelling between two bench marks BM1 and BM2 are carried
out across two different routes. The route lengths and respective differences in
elevation as determined in the field for each route are indicated below

Route Length Diff in Elevation

(m)
1 9 5.030
2 4 5.080

 Using the Least Squares method, determine the correction in millimeters, to the
elevation difference along route 1.
a. +0.030
b. +0.035
c. +0.020
d. +0.025
 Using the Least Squares method, determine the correction in millimeters, to the
elevation difference along route 2.
a. -0.025
b. -0.030
c. -0.020
d. -0.015
 Using the Least Squares method, determine the adjusted difference in elevation
between BM 1 and BM 2.
a. 5.050
b. 5.065
c. 5.055
d. 5.060