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Oop Reviewer

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18 views7 pages

Oop Reviewer

Uploaded by

jrobertzz616
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Java Basics & Syntax - Review Guide

Java Basics & Syntax

What is a Variable & Data Type


• Variable: Used to temporarily store data for runtime usage.
• Data Type: Indicates the type of data stored in a variable.

Most Commonly used Data Types


• Characters: char - Holds a single character
• String: String - Holds a set of characters or text
• Boolean: boolean - Holds the value of True or False
• Integers: int - Holds whole numbers without decimal points
• Double: double - Holds numbers with decimal points

Identifiers
• Identifier: The name assigned to a variable for reading and writing.

Rules of Identifiers
• No special characters except underscore
• No whitespaces
• Cannot use numbers alone
• Can use numbers alongside letters

Declaring Variables
Without value:
datatype identifier;
Example: int num;

With value:
datatype identifier = value;
Example: int num = 5;

Arithmetic Operators
Symbol | Operation | Result
+ | Addition | Sum
- | Subtraction | Difference
* | Multiplication | Product
/ | Division | Quotient
% | Modulus | Remainder
++ | Increment | Add 1
-- | Decrement | Subtract 1

Relational Operators
Symbol | Label | Syntax
== | Equals | x == y
!= | Not Equals | x != y
< | Less Than | x < y
<= | Less Than or Equal | x <= y
> | Greater Than | x > y
>= | Greater Than or Equal | x >= y

Logical Operators
Symbol | Label | Description
&& | AND | Both conditions must be true
|| | OR | Either condition must be true
! | NOT | Inverts the current condition

Control Flows
Control flows manage the execution of code in programs. Java provides several structures to
make decisions, repeat tasks, and control program flow.

Condition Statements - if Statement


if(condition){
//your code
}
else{
//alternative code
}
Example:
int x = 5;
int y = 8;
if(x > 10){
System.out.print(x);
} else {
System.out.print(y);
}

Condition Statements - switch Statement


switch(expression){
case value1:
//code
break;
default:
//default code
}
Example:
int x = 5;
switch(x){
case 1:
//code
break;
case 5:
//code
break;
}

Loops
1. For loop - Repeats a code block a specified number of times
2. While loop - Repeats a code block while condition is true
3. Do-while loop - Executes at least once before checking condition

For loop Syntax


for(initialization; condition; update){
//code
}
Example:
for(int x = 1; x < 10; x++){
System.out.print(x);
}

while loop Syntax


while(condition){
//code
}
Example:
int x = 1;
while(x < 10){
System.out.print(x);
}

do-while loop Syntax


do{
//code
} while(condition);
Example:
int x = 1;
do{
System.out.print(x);
} while(x < 10);

Branching Statements
• break - Exits loop or switch early
• continue - Skips current loop iteration
• return - Exits a method, optionally returning a value

Exception Handling - try-catch Statement


try-catch allows handling exceptions or errors during execution.

Conditional Operator - Ternary Operator


A concise way to express conditions: result = (condition) ? Value1 : Value2;

Functions or Methods
Methods are code blocks that perform specific actions when called, organizing and sorting
code within a class.

Creating Methods
modifiers returnType methodName(){
//code
}

Calling Methods
public static void main(String[] args){
methodName();
}

Writing Clean & Maintainable Code


• Use meaningful names - Descriptive names for variables, classes, methods
• Follow naming conventions - camelCase for variables, PascalCase for classes
• Use comments wisely - Explain complex code and design decisions
• Indentation & Formatting - Consistent structure
• Consistency - Keep consistent style, libraries, and frameworks
• Simplicity - Keep code simple and maintainable
Module 3: Objects and Classes - Java Review Guide

Introduction to OOP

Java Classes and Objects


• Classes: Blueprints or templates for creating objects.
• Objects: Instances of classes created with the class name and the 'new' keyword.

Java Class Attributes and Methods


• Class Attributes: Also called fields; variables within a class. Accessed via objects using dot
syntax.
• Final Keyword: Used to ensure a variable always holds the same value.
• Class Methods: Functions within a class. A 'static' method can be accessed without an
object, while 'public' methods require an object.

Java Constructors
• Constructors are special methods for initializing objects, called upon object creation to set
initial values for attributes.

Java Constructor Example

The 'this' Keyword in Java Classes and Objects


• Purpose: Refers to the current object, commonly used to distinguish class attributes from
parameters with the same name.
• Uses:
- Invoke current class constructor (constructor chaining).
- Call a current class method.

- Return the current instance.

- Pass an argument in a constructor call.

Java Packages
• Definition: Used to group related classes and avoid name conflicts.
• Types:
- Built-in Packages: Java API, included in the Java Development Environment.
- User-defined Packages: Created by developers to organize classes and improve
maintainability.

Importing Packages

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